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Speaker 1: Welcome back everybody. Today we're doing our social and emotional

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development across the lifespan. I'm so excited about how well

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the podcast is doing. I'm actually more excited that it's helping.

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Hopefully it's helping everyone out there. Not getting anything really

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out of this except for helping other individuals. So let's

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look at social and emotional development across the lifespan. Emotional

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development across the lifespan. Basic emotions emerge in infancy like joy, anger, sadness, fear, surprise.

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Some people call it the seven universal feelings. By two

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to three you get social smiling and cooing in response

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to caregivers. Around six months you get stranger anxiety and

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separation protests start beginning. Emotional expressions are biologically driven, but

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shape by caregiver, marrying and responsiveness. Some even argue that

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you are ready developing emotional regulation at this young age

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just by the way the parent interacts, by their voice,

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by their touch and eye contact. In toddlerhood, we have

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self conscious emotions like embarrassment, pride, guilt. They appear around

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two years a year and a half to two years old.

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So the more complex emotions, as some call it, requires

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awareness of self as distinct and social standards. In toddlerhood,

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emotion regulation begins but is limited. Tampshums can be common.

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Attachment quality influences emotional security and regulation style earlier childhood.

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This is where we started beginning to label these emotions,

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both in ourselves and others. The theory of mind starts

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coming in gradual development of effortful control. This is where

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they can start delaying gratification. Remember the marshmallow test. They

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can shift attention, Emotional understanding becomes more context of it.

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Itence sensitive, right, he's said because somebody broke their toy.

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Still struggle though with managing intense feelings without external support

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middle childhood. That can mask emotions like hiding disappointment. Understanding

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mixed emotions. I'm happy we moved, but sad I left

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my I left my friends like I start saying nuance here.

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This is good, the mixed emotions, Understanding the complexities of it,

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internalizing coping strategies like self talk or distraction. Again, this

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is middle childhood adolescence. Well, now you have emotional experiences

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becoming more intense and unstable due to hormonal shifts and

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evolving identity. Remember in middle childhood peer comparison begins, but

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an identity starts developing an adolescence like ericson stages, and

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it improves an emotional perspective. Taking an empathy may show

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maladaptive regulations such as suppression or rumination, contributing to mood

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disorders in particular internalizing disorders, as well as external well

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particular internalizing disors like anxiety or depression. Peers play a

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major role at emotional validation and modeling adulthood and aging.

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Emotion regulation generally improves across adulthood adult older adults show

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the positivity effect the bias toward positive emotional experiences. This

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is may explain why a lot of studies show that

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people age, they become happier. Life review, meaning making and

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emotional integration becomes central. Emotion becomes more interpersonal and reflective

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social competence development. Let's look at this now. By age

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four or five, the theory of mind as I mentioned earlier,

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starts happening. Most children understand that others have different beliefs

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and knowledge. This ability expands into analystis is to grasp

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complex social dynamics, motivations, and deception. It's necessary for empathy

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conflict resolution. And cooperation. Something we see with couples is

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sometimes they don't see that they think the other person

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thinks just like them. Friendship development. Early childhood friendship is

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based on proximity and shared play. The middle childhood friendships

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are focused on reciprocity, loyalty, and shared values. Adolescence, now

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we're getting into the more deeper emotional intimacy, trust and

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identity support who am I? As things of that nature?

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Adulthood friendships are often based on shared meaning, life stage

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or mutual caregiving. Older adults prune friendships, usually in value

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death over breath. Pro Social behavior merges in toddlerhood helping,

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sharing and comforting, and influenced by temperament, modeling and parental

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responsiveness predicts later social acceptance, school success, and even mental

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health increases with empathy and more reasoning too. Temperament and

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personality origins well if we look at temperament by Thomas

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and Chess and Rothbart. Biologically based individual differences and reactivity

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and self regulation often classified as easy, difficult, and slow

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to warm up. Easy it's kind of like a positive mood.

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Very adaptable. Difficult is irritable, intense, slow to warm up

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is low activity a very cautious, somewhat negative stability versus change.

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Early temperament predicts later traits, soll Behavioral inhibition may evolve

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into anxiety, but as malleable through environment goodness of fit model.

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Optimal development occurs when parenting style matches temperament. Now we

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head over to actually I forgot A high reactive child

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may thrive with predictability and calm structure. We see this

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a lot also with children who may have been diagnosed

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with ADHD. A high activity child needs stimulation and movement,

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not restriction. Self concept and self esteem. Let's look what

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that development stages and infancy. In early childhood self recognition

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the Mirror tests has run around eighteen months. Descriptions are concrete,

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I have brown hair, I can jump high. Esteem is

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globally high, but fragile. In the middle childhood stage, self

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concept becomes whether they say, domain specific, so either the

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academic circles, social athletic, or teams. They also begin using

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social comparison. Self esteem may decline, especially if feedback becomes

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critical or school performance struggles. And adolescence, self concept grows

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abstract and multi dimensional. They experience what they call identity

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exploration and instability internal conflict between the real self and

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the ideal self. And you may have clients who are

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still struggling with this. Even older may good be good

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thing to look at it during their adolescent years. See

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what happened there. Strong self esteem is linked to secure attachment,

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peer support, and competence adulthood. Self concept stabilizes through life transitions,

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career changes, parenthood and aging. It may even prompt the redefinition.

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Older adults often shift from achievement based identity to meaning.

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Let's look at moral development. Behavioral components. Early moral behaviors

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driven by reward and punishment external control. Later behavior guided

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by internalized rules, conscious and empathy modeled by parental discipline,

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observational learning, and consistency. If you look at the cognitive areas,

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pha heteronomous morality rules are fixed and judge outcomes. Autonomous

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morality as rules are flexible and judge intentions Kolberg stages,

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which we already covered. Reasoning shifts from obedience to universal

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ethical principles. Empathy components Empathy, guilt, and shame are motivators

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of pro social and moral action. Deficits and empathy and

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guilt link to conduct disorders, callous and emotional traits things

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of that nature. So what does this mean clinically well,

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Social emotional disorders like insecure attachment and emotional dysregulation in

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early life predict mood disorders, personality disorders, and relational dysfunction.

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Conduct problems may stem from temperamental traits or harsh inconsistent parenting.

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Social anxiety often emerges from self concept being fragile, and

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perspective taking is overactive or even distorted. Developmentally sensitive interventions

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use play therapy for preschoolers to explore and regulate emotion.

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You can use emotion coaching and so social skill training

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for school age children. There's also a great CBT board

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game out there. Speaking of CBT can tailor CBT for

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adolescents using identity focused metaphors, peer validation and autonomy supportive techniques.

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For adults, you can use interventions support emotional processing, relational insight,

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and narrative reconstruction. Narrative therapy one of my favorites is

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the hero's journey. Long term impact of early experiences well.

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Early relational trauma can create schemas of unworthiness or mistrust

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member the core beliefs CBT, hopelessness, helplessness, and in this case, worthlessness,

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emotion regulation patterns, form and childhood tend to persist without intervention,

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and secure early bonds suffer as a serve as sorry,

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let me repeat that, secure early bonds serve as a

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buffer against future stress, while chronic invalidation increases risk for

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borderline traits, depression or maladaptive coping. Next time, we'll look

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at cognitive development across the lifespan and see how that is.

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So hopefully you're learning a lot from this podcast and

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engaging in it, and we'll talk to you all next time.