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<v Speaker 1>Okay, it's that guy on the train who fell asleep

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<v Speaker 1>eating a sandwich. Ali Ward back with another episode of Ologies.

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<v Speaker 1>So I'm working on this episode while I'm in Chicago,

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<v Speaker 1>and most of the research for asides was done while

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<v Speaker 1>staring out a window into one degree weather a degree

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<v Speaker 1>a degree one, and I learned just how close you

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<v Speaker 1>can get to an ancient radiator without getting hospital grape burns.

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<v Speaker 1>So for this episode, we're going cold so glacier quakes.

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<v Speaker 1>We're going to get into them. Okay, but first we'll

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<v Speaker 1>thank the folks who just melt my heart. All the

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<v Speaker 1>people on patreon dot com slash ologies who are submitting

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<v Speaker 1>questions and supporting the show, All the folks out there

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<v Speaker 1>who are wearing Ologies March from ologiesmarch dot com, everyone

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<v Speaker 1>who boosts the show by texting links to friends and

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<v Speaker 1>tweeting and gramming and brading and subscribing, and of course

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<v Speaker 1>for leaving reviews for me to just savor, like leftover

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<v Speaker 1>potstickers that you forgot were in the fridge and I

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<v Speaker 1>read you a fresh one each week. So thank you

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<v Speaker 1>to Elizabeth Anna for this one. They said, I think

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<v Speaker 1>this podcast got me to med school storytime. I recently

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<v Speaker 1>interviewed for med school and got a little too excited

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<v Speaker 1>while talking about this podcast in the interview, and I

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<v Speaker 1>saw my interviewer write down ology SPoD. A few days later,

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<v Speaker 1>I got an email saying they couldn't offer me a

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<v Speaker 1>spot in the school. But then a few days after that,

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<v Speaker 1>I got an email offering me a spot on the

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<v Speaker 1>wait list. And I like to pretend it's because you

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<v Speaker 1>got a chance to listen to the podcast and decided

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<v Speaker 1>to give me a chance. Either way, I managed to

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<v Speaker 1>plug this podcast in my med school interview, and I'd

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<v Speaker 1>say that's a win. Elizabeth Anna. I hope he hears

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<v Speaker 1>this and you get in. What a day maker. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>let's get right into it. Cryo seismology. This is the

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<v Speaker 1>study of the shaking of glaciers ice quakes, y'all. So

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<v Speaker 1>I'm going to skip the etymology. You'll find out in

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<v Speaker 1>a minute why. But just know this is not a

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<v Speaker 1>seismology episode. An episode on earthquakes, A big one, if

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<v Speaker 1>you will, will happen sometime in the future, but just

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<v Speaker 1>like a shaker, I cannot tell you when, but just

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<v Speaker 1>know it will be imminent. Now this one, this is

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<v Speaker 1>ice quakes, So hold on to your snowpants. So this

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<v Speaker 1>ologists got her bachelor's in physics and geology from the

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<v Speaker 1>University of Nebraska Lincoln and is currently working towards her

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<v Speaker 1>PhD in geophysics at Caltech in Pasadena, California. And I've

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<v Speaker 1>been following her on Twitter after approximately one million of

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<v Speaker 1>you just jammed on your caps lock and we're like

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<v Speaker 1>word find her ask her questions, and so I gleefully did,

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<v Speaker 1>and last July she snapped a photo of herself on

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<v Speaker 1>a glacier wearing snow pants and a helmet and field gear.

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<v Speaker 1>Was just one small addition, which was a gauzy blue

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<v Speaker 1>cape like that worn by Elsa and frozen, and she

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<v Speaker 1>wrote alongside it, I firmly believe that kids should not

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<v Speaker 1>be taught that gurly things and science ye things are

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<v Speaker 1>mutually exclusive. Therefore I backed a cape with my field work,

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<v Speaker 1>just to show what a glaciologist Princess Elsa would look like.

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<v Speaker 1>Hashtag the cold never bothered me anyway, and it started

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<v Speaker 1>a great global discussion about glaciers and women in science

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<v Speaker 1>and how pop culture can help people see them. So

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<v Speaker 1>empowered roles. So I navigated the rough terrain of LA

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<v Speaker 1>freeways and met up with her at Caltech's famed seismology

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<v Speaker 1>lab up to the press room where you see all

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<v Speaker 1>the news footage after an earthquake, and we talked about

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<v Speaker 1>what a glacier is, why it quakes, how she measures it,

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<v Speaker 1>why it's important the biggest glaciers the prettiest blue in

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<v Speaker 1>the universe, and how we can feel a little more

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<v Speaker 1>hopeful in the face of a warming climate. So cozy

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<v Speaker 1>up to the work and the wisdom of cryo seismologist

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<v Speaker 1>Celeste Lebeds.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean it's strange, even like being there, I

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<v Speaker 2>have a hard time believing that, like there's mountain peaks

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<v Speaker 2>early there. Yeah, and that's not just because I'm from

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<v Speaker 2>Nebraska and I think all mounts are fake. That was

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<v Speaker 2>gonna be one of my first quests.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and so now you are a cryo seismologist.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, I am a cryo seismologist. What does that mean?

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<v Speaker 2>So the way that I explained it to people is

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<v Speaker 2>I tell them to take apart the word. Okay, so

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<v Speaker 2>a seismologist is something you might have heard of on

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<v Speaker 2>TV after an earthquake, they say, and now we're going

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<v Speaker 2>live to talk with some seismologists about this. So that

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<v Speaker 2>I looked up the etymology once and seismos or something

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<v Speaker 2>is actually Greek for earthquake. It doesn't have a different meaning,

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<v Speaker 2>it's just earthquake alone got its own Greek word. And

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<v Speaker 2>so seismology is the study of earthquakes. And then cryo

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<v Speaker 2>in front. You may have heard of, like you know,

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<v Speaker 2>cryogenically cooled or something. Cryo means cold, So when we

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<v Speaker 2>put those together we get cold stuff and seismology. Okay,

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<v Speaker 2>So yeah, instead of studying earthquakes and a there are

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<v Speaker 2>ground motions in the solid ground, I am studying ice

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<v Speaker 2>quakes and other motions in the ice.

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<v Speaker 1>Is an icequake? Is that a real thing? Yeah?

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<v Speaker 2>Icequakes are real things. They're basically just like earthquakes. So

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<v Speaker 2>in an earthquake, you have sliding some kind of motion.

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<v Speaker 2>You can picture tectonic plates that you may have seen

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<v Speaker 2>in like seventh grade science, moving past each other, and

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<v Speaker 2>that motion, when it's a little fast, can cause seismic

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<v Speaker 2>waves that you feel. So that's an earthquake. An ice

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<v Speaker 2>quake can be caused by a similar thing. You can

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<v Speaker 2>have little faults inside of a glacier or an ice

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<v Speaker 2>sheets or any kind of big mass of ice, and

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<v Speaker 2>you can slide along those faults within the glacier. A

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<v Speaker 2>glacier can slide against the rock that it's on top of.

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<v Speaker 2>But you can also get cracks that open up in

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<v Speaker 2>the ice. Those make ice quakes too, And then there's

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<v Speaker 2>other sources of not ice quakes, but other vibrations in

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<v Speaker 2>the ice. So, like, my research is on the signals

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<v Speaker 2>that come from flowing water inside of a glacier, because

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<v Speaker 2>you know, if you stand next to a rushing river,

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<v Speaker 2>it's loud. Yeah, you can imagine the ground vibrating a

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<v Speaker 2>little bit next to a rushing river.

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<v Speaker 1>Celeste says that the same thing happens inside of glaciers.

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<v Speaker 2>Meltwater moves through them, and when it moved, it's loud.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh my gosh. Okay, So now ice quakes are not

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<v Speaker 1>a thing that I knew about before. Literally right now,

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<v Speaker 1>how long have you known about ice quakes?

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<v Speaker 3>So?

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<v Speaker 2>I was interested in seismology since high school. I was

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<v Speaker 2>in the Science Olympiad competitions that high schoolers can do

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<v Speaker 2>young ambacious, So I was on Yeah, I was on

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<v Speaker 2>my high school science team and there was an event

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<v Speaker 2>that was about earthquakes and volcanoes, and I was like,

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<v Speaker 2>this is the coolest. I'm going to do this, This

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<v Speaker 2>is great, And then I didn't get into the ice

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<v Speaker 2>quakes side of it. I didn't start looking at cryo

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<v Speaker 2>seismology until I got to grad school. Actually, I was

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<v Speaker 2>going to be a non cryo seismologist, a regular seismologist.

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<v Speaker 2>But then a project was brought to my attention that

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<v Speaker 2>could take me to a glacier and teach me about

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<v Speaker 2>motions inside of ice instead of inside of and I was.

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<v Speaker 1>All, in, dang, now you are from Nebraska. Yes, they

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<v Speaker 1>got a lot of quakes or ice over there.

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<v Speaker 2>No, okay there, Well there's we get snow every year

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<v Speaker 2>and it's lovely. But yeah, there is every once in

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<v Speaker 2>a while really tiny earthquakes in Nebraska. But yeah, No,

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<v Speaker 2>I did not gain interest from experience in seismology. Wasn't

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<v Speaker 2>feeling earthquakes as a kid or anything.

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<v Speaker 1>Did you like earth science growing up at all?

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<v Speaker 3>Oh?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, absolutely.

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<v Speaker 3>So.

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<v Speaker 2>I always tell people that the explanation for why I

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<v Speaker 2>am like I am is that I grew up in

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<v Speaker 2>a science museum. Yeah, my dad works for the University

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<v Speaker 2>of Nebraska State Museum and he's the collections manager for

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<v Speaker 2>zoology and botany. So he's just in charge of like

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<v Speaker 2>so many dead animals.

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<v Speaker 3>You know, Texa Jermy.

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<v Speaker 2>So yeah, I kind of. I kind of grew up

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<v Speaker 2>in a natural history museum, which leads to a nice,

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<v Speaker 2>nice introduction to science. So I'm really really happy and

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<v Speaker 2>definitely privileged that I had that opportunity growing up. And

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<v Speaker 2>so a lot of our family friends were other scientists

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<v Speaker 2>working for the museum and stuff. So yeah, I grew

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<v Speaker 2>up with entomologists and paleontologists and parasitologists kind of all around,

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<v Speaker 2>and I was like, oh, well, these of course I

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<v Speaker 2>am one of these people, and that's very nice. I'm

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<v Speaker 2>very very lucky to have had that experience. And so yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>I liked geology a lot. My dad took me outside

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<v Speaker 2>a lot. You'll find that with many geoscientists all around

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<v Speaker 2>and geology, geophysics, geochemistry, everything, a lot of folks got

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<v Speaker 2>into it because they loved being outside.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh you know that makes sense. I mean the more

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<v Speaker 1>that you're out camping or hiking you see striations and

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<v Speaker 1>rock and you see some shiny and it's a quartz

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<v Speaker 1>or something, did that happen with you?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, getting outside and seeing seeing geology in place is

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<v Speaker 2>definitely a way to spark an interest in the geosciences.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, quick aside. I wondered what other jobs a geoscientist

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<v Speaker 1>might do. And if you're into earth science, you can

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<v Speaker 1>study soils or wells or earthquakes or oil or space rocks.

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<v Speaker 1>And the median salary is like eighty to ninety GeSe.

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<v Speaker 1>So if you're like, how can I be outside more?

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<v Speaker 1>That way bonus, Not all of the jobs involve mittens.

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<v Speaker 1>And now, when you got this opportunity to start studying

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<v Speaker 1>on a glacier, had you you'd never been on a

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<v Speaker 1>glacier before, right.

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<v Speaker 2>I'd never had. I grew up comfortable with snow. There's

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<v Speaker 2>lots of snow in Nebraska in the winters. I grew

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<v Speaker 2>up cross country skiing. I just didn't know it was

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<v Speaker 2>going to be a job skill later. But yeah, yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>so I'd never I had seen glaciers on like a

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<v Speaker 2>family vacation, but i'd never like been on one really.

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<v Speaker 1>And this is such a stupid question, but what exactly

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<v Speaker 1>is a glacier?

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<v Speaker 2>So a glacier is basically a big pile of ice,

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<v Speaker 2>and how they form is year after year snowfalls in

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<v Speaker 2>places like you know, high latitudes or high altitudes if

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<v Speaker 2>you get enough snowfalling that it doesn't melt between years,

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<v Speaker 2>then it just starts stacking up and stacking up.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, by the bye, sea ice is fro in seawater

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<v Speaker 1>and it's not a glacier. Glaciers only originate on land.

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<v Speaker 1>I didn't know that. And they're on every continent except

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<v Speaker 1>for you, Australia. I'm sorry, but you do have really

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<v Speaker 1>good coffee, I'm told, and you have koalas. Now, what

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<v Speaker 1>is the smallest glacier? There's no set rule, but glacier

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<v Speaker 1>scientists are like maybe twenty five acres, which is about

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<v Speaker 1>the size of Adele's estate.

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<v Speaker 2>I just got here, and I think communising signal already.

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<v Speaker 1>In case sets of any help context wise, And yes,

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<v Speaker 1>how are they formed? So imagine layers and layers of

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<v Speaker 1>snow falling on land, kind of like a crape cake.

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<v Speaker 2>And then the pressure from just the snow above it

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<v Speaker 2>will squish that snow down into nice, clear solid ice.

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<v Speaker 2>So after many, many, many years of a lot of

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<v Speaker 2>snow falling and not all the snow melting, you can

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<v Speaker 2>end up with a huge pile of ice. So yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>if you have a more localized, massive ice, that's just

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<v Speaker 2>a regular glacier. If you have a lot of glaciers

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<v Speaker 2>that sort of connect together among mountains, that's often called

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<v Speaker 2>an ice field. And you get even bigger and you're

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<v Speaker 2>covering up whatever it's on top of completely, then that's

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<v Speaker 2>an ice sheet. So like Greenland and Antarctica are ice sheets.

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<v Speaker 2>Then over time, under its own weight, that ice moves,

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<v Speaker 2>glaciers will flow downhill or outward. They're just they're squishing

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<v Speaker 2>under their own weight and they're trying to go somewhere.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, So to recap, glaciers connecting become ice fields, and

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<v Speaker 1>ice fields connecting become ice sheets. And when they crawl

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<v Speaker 1>and lurch and quake, they can boop to do through

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<v Speaker 1>all kinds of stuff. So glaciers are just out there,

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<v Speaker 1>they're doing their thing. And like that's how half dome

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<v Speaker 1>became a half dome, right, yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, So as glaciers are moving, they will carve out

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<v Speaker 2>the landscape around them, which is really cool because it

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<v Speaker 2>leaves some really stunning places, like your somebody was carved

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<v Speaker 2>by glaciers and it's just it's stunning, of course. And yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>they leave very characteristic shapes. Glaciers will leave nice U

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<v Speaker 2>shaped valleys, So if you're looking at a valley, if

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<v Speaker 2>it's shaped like a V, then a river carved it,

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<v Speaker 2>shaped like a view, then a glacier carved it. WHOA, Yes,

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<v Speaker 2>they leave these very characteristic landscapes. They'll have these kind

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<v Speaker 2>of sinuous U shaped valleys with peaks in between. And yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>so you can tell when a place was glaciated in

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<v Speaker 2>the past.

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<v Speaker 1>And what was it like the first time you saw

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<v Speaker 1>a glacier you were going to work on.

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<v Speaker 2>So it was a little bit hectic because I had

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<v Speaker 2>gone to Juno, Alaska with my collaborators because the closest

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<v Speaker 2>to city to where we were going to work. Then

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<v Speaker 2>we were waiting for the weather to clear to get

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<v Speaker 2>a helicopter flight up to this glacier, because that's how

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<v Speaker 2>you get to a glacier, So you get yourselves and

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of equipment up to a glacier. So yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>we had to wait for the weather to clear, and

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<v Speaker 2>then once it did, they were like, we got to go, go,

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<v Speaker 2>go in case the clouds come back. So yeah, we

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<v Speaker 2>hauled all of our gear into a helicopter and then

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<v Speaker 2>we got in the helicopter too, and then they flew

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<v Speaker 2>us up to the glacier. And then we got up

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<v Speaker 2>and we had to get all the gear out, so

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<v Speaker 2>it wasn't able to stop and appreciate it because there

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<v Speaker 2>were so there was so much to do. So then

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<v Speaker 2>once we got all of our gear out and the

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<v Speaker 2>helicopter left, I remember it left, and then it just

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<v Speaker 2>got really, really really quiet, and then I was actually

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<v Speaker 2>able to look around and appreciate, like, holy moly, I

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<v Speaker 2>am on the ice and there is so much of it.

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<v Speaker 1>How tall was that glacier? Like in what kind of elevation?

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<v Speaker 2>So the glaciers I've worked on are actually not that

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<v Speaker 2>high up, so they are only about like one thousand

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<v Speaker 2>meters elevation. You can actually the one of the glaciers

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<v Speaker 2>I've worked out, you can hike there from Juno in

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<v Speaker 2>a day, just uphill from like Juno Airport, you can

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<v Speaker 2>hike up there. So the glacier that I worked on

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<v Speaker 2>for the first time was a smallish mountain glacier. So

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<v Speaker 2>it's about a kilometer and a half wide, like six

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<v Speaker 2>kilometers long, and about two hundred meters thick at its thickest.

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<v Speaker 2>So yeah, if you like are standing in the middle

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<v Speaker 2>of it and look down, you can imagine that there's

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<v Speaker 2>you know, like two football fields worth of ice, like

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<v Speaker 2>straight down. Oh my god.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, So for scale, this glacier near Juno is bigger

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<v Speaker 1>than Central Park. It's actually closer inside to Golden Gate

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<v Speaker 1>Park in San Francisco, but there are probably fewer people

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<v Speaker 1>smoking drugs and make it out on it. San Francisco

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<v Speaker 1>my birthplace. I love you, I love your vibe, But

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<v Speaker 1>what is the vibe of working on a glacier? Can

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<v Speaker 1>you walk me through a little bit of what your

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<v Speaker 1>field work is like? Like how how long are you

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<v Speaker 1>there and what time are you getting up? Is there coffee?

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<v Speaker 1>And how many things are you measuring?

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<v Speaker 2>So I have been very lucky that my field work

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<v Speaker 2>has been in an area with a little bit of infrastructure.

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<v Speaker 2>So the Juno Ice Field Research Program is an organization

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<v Speaker 2>that's been monitoring glaciers outside of Juno and running a

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<v Speaker 2>field school for students interested in glaciology. They've been monitoring

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<v Speaker 2>the area for about seventy years and they have some

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<v Speaker 2>infrastructure there, so they have camps on the rock ridges

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<v Speaker 2>between glaciers, so we get to stay there. So it's

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<v Speaker 2>actually pretty plush living for glacier on those we will yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>get up right and early and there is coffee breakfast.

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<v Speaker 2>They do a lot of the just add water pancakes,

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<v Speaker 2>very good field food and yeah, then we go out

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<v Speaker 2>and do whatever we are doing that day. So we

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<v Speaker 2>take our seismometers, which are basically very sensitive motion detectors

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<v Speaker 2>and yeah, so they can detect really really tiny motions

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<v Speaker 2>that a human could never feel on their own. So

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<v Speaker 2>we have to take those out from our camp and

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<v Speaker 2>deploy them on the glacier in strategic spots. Usually burying

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<v Speaker 2>seismometers is best because then it's very nice and quiet,

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<v Speaker 2>not as much like wind and rain hitting them, and

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<v Speaker 2>they can just get all the vibrations that they need

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<v Speaker 2>to get. Then as the as our experiment wraps up,

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<v Speaker 2>then I have to go back out and pick up

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<v Speaker 2>the seismometers again. Son of going out and you know,

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<v Speaker 2>dropping all these seismometers in particular spots that I'm on

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<v Speaker 2>the easter egg hunt to go pick them back up again.

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<v Speaker 2>That part's a little bit less fun because that involves

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<v Speaker 2>hauling some seismometers uphill, which is a little bit less fun.

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<v Speaker 2>You gotta do, you gotta do it. Sometimes we are

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<v Speaker 2>also making some seismic waves. So on my second round

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<v Speaker 2>field work, we did some active source seismic surveying, which

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<v Speaker 2>is making your own seismic waves, which is as fun

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<v Speaker 2>as it sounds, it is. There are two methods. The

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<v Speaker 2>quieter method is hitting a steel plate with a hammer,

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<v Speaker 2>oh my god. And the louder method is essentially setting

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<v Speaker 2>off a small controlled safe explosion.

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<v Speaker 1>What what kind of explosions?

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<v Speaker 2>So we have basically they look like very They look

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<v Speaker 2>like large shotgun shells, so they're like a little bit

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<v Speaker 2>bigger than a shotgun shell that you could like buy

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<v Speaker 2>for a hunting rifle. Those shotgun shells are blanks. They

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<v Speaker 2>just have gunpowder in them, no projectiles, and we put

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<v Speaker 2>them in It looks kind of like a sketchy gun,

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<v Speaker 2>but we bury end in the snow or if you're

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<v Speaker 2>you know, doing in the desert or something, then you

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<v Speaker 2>bury it in the ground and yeah, then you fire

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<v Speaker 2>it and it makes a little noise because it's underground,

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<v Speaker 2>and then that generates some seismic waves that will move

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<v Speaker 2>through whatever you've put it into, so the ice for me,

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<v Speaker 2>or the rock if you're out in the desert doing

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<v Speaker 2>it at looking for faults or something, and then it'll

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<v Speaker 2>those seismic waves will bounce off of say the base

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<v Speaker 2>of the glacier or a fault in the ground or

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<v Speaker 2>something they can bounce off and then be picked up

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<v Speaker 2>by your seismometers.

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<v Speaker 1>So they're shooting things in the ground. They're creating explosions

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<v Speaker 1>to see how the glacier will react and where fault

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<v Speaker 1>lines might be. In some cases, Celeste and her colleagues

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<v Speaker 1>are looking at data coming in day by day and

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<v Speaker 1>seeing how much water is rushing through the glacier, and

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<v Speaker 1>then with other seismometers, all the data is stored in

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<v Speaker 1>a memory chip for later.

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<v Speaker 2>So, yeah, it depends on the kind of using. But

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<v Speaker 2>some of them you can can life feed them back,

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<v Speaker 2>and some of them you just got to wait and

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<v Speaker 2>be surprised.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh it's like opening up a time capsule.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, And now I don't know if you know this,

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<v Speaker 1>but the Earth's temperature is getting a little bit warmer

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<v Speaker 1>and I'm yeah, I don't amazing. Yeah, it's bend on

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<v Speaker 1>the news a little bit. But what is going on

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<v Speaker 1>with glaciers and with cryosismology, are you able to track

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<v Speaker 1>anything based on what's melting, what's moving, what's shaken.

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<v Speaker 2>So examining what's happening with glaciers under climate change is

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<v Speaker 2>One of the big reasons I want to be doing

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<v Speaker 2>cryo seismology is it's another tool that we have to

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<v Speaker 2>check out what's happening inside of a glacier, and what's

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<v Speaker 2>happening inside of a glacier really matters for what the

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<v Speaker 2>future of a glacier might be like. So all around

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<v Speaker 2>worldwide we are losing ice. There are some glaciers that

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<v Speaker 2>are getting a little bit larger due to changes in

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<v Speaker 2>weather patterns in their area. But like net we are

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<v Speaker 2>losing ice and we're losing a lot of ice, and yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>that means a lot of potential changes for the world,

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<v Speaker 2>and it'd be nice if we could help head off

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<v Speaker 2>some of those changes with knowledge about what's going to happen.

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<v Speaker 2>So things like as we're losing ice, how much ice

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<v Speaker 2>so we're going to lose? How much is sea level

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<v Speaker 2>going to rise? And you can keep track of you know,

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<v Speaker 2>how much meltwater is moving through a glacier or how

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<v Speaker 2>much it's cracking off the end and just breaking off

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<v Speaker 2>into icebergs. You can track those things with seismology. That's

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<v Speaker 2>one tool you can use to check it out. Glaciers

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<v Speaker 2>are also a really important water resource for a lot

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<v Speaker 2>of people around the world. So a lot of people

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<v Speaker 2>who live downhill of glacier and mountain ranges, like for example,

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<v Speaker 2>the Himalayas, a lot of people are relying on the

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<v Speaker 2>glaciers there to provide steady water resources for all of

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<v Speaker 2>their water needs, for their agriculture, for their drinking water,

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<v Speaker 2>for their water for hygiene. Getting an idea of what

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<v Speaker 2>those glaciers might be doing in the future is really

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<v Speaker 2>important for making sure those people have those water resources.

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<v Speaker 2>So yeah, it's really important to be keeping an eye

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<v Speaker 2>on glaciers and understanding exactly what's going on on the

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<v Speaker 2>inside and out so that way we can get better

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<v Speaker 2>ideas of what they might be doing in the future.

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<v Speaker 1>So her work helps us gauge how much ice we

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<v Speaker 1>may be loose, and how much sea water we may

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<v Speaker 1>be gaining, and what a toast to your earth might

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<v Speaker 1>mean for people who rely on glaciers for their water.

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<v Speaker 1>And another reason to keep tabs on glacier quakes and

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<v Speaker 1>ice hunks is because they can surprise you. Which spoiler,

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<v Speaker 1>These surprises do not involve a glacier popping out from

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<v Speaker 1>a couch with your name on a cake.

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<v Speaker 2>Some glaciers can have what's called glacial outburst floods, which

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<v Speaker 2>are very scary also pretty amazing. So you can get

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<v Speaker 2>dams of ice, so like meltwater will be entering an area,

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<v Speaker 2>but then the ice is actually blocking it, and then

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<v Speaker 2>when the ice breaks, all that water is free to go,

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00:20:38.039 --> 00:20:41.799
<v Speaker 2>and those can be really big floods that are super sudden.

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<v Speaker 2>And since you can detect moving water with seismometers, this

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00:20:45.799 --> 00:20:48.079
<v Speaker 2>is potentially a way to check out how can we

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00:20:48.119 --> 00:20:51.799
<v Speaker 2>get people downstream early warning before a flood comes through

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<v Speaker 2>and washes away their home or something.

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<v Speaker 1>And how big are ice quakes? Do they conform to

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<v Speaker 1>the same Richter scale, like as a seven point zero

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00:21:01.160 --> 00:21:04.519
<v Speaker 1>ice quake like a crazy huge shaker, Like how big

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<v Speaker 1>do these things get?

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<v Speaker 2>So ice quakes you can measure them with similar similar tools,

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<v Speaker 2>like magnitude scales for earthquake, but they usually end up

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<v Speaker 2>looking a little bit different. Really big icequakes happen when

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<v Speaker 2>iceberg's calve off the front of a glacier, and sometimes

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<v Speaker 2>you can get series where it's just iceberg after iceberg

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<v Speaker 2>is tumbling and rumbling off the end, and they're all

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<v Speaker 2>like going into the bay. So really big ones of

417
00:21:30.319 --> 00:21:33.480
<v Speaker 2>those happen in places like Greenland, and a huge event

418
00:21:33.599 --> 00:21:36.799
<v Speaker 2>like that that can be as much energy put out

419
00:21:36.880 --> 00:21:40.799
<v Speaker 2>as a magnitude five earthquake. Oof, but if you're standing

420
00:21:40.880 --> 00:21:42.640
<v Speaker 2>right next to it, it doesn't feel like a magnitude

421
00:21:42.680 --> 00:21:46.400
<v Speaker 2>five earthquake because it's happening over a longer period of time.

422
00:21:46.680 --> 00:21:49.799
<v Speaker 2>So whereas you know an earthquake might be happening in

423
00:21:50.079 --> 00:21:53.480
<v Speaker 2>a second or so, it's going to take several minutes

424
00:21:53.519 --> 00:21:55.680
<v Speaker 2>for all of those icebergs to do all of their tumbling,

425
00:21:56.160 --> 00:21:59.160
<v Speaker 2>so you can measure them on the same magnitude scales,

426
00:21:59.240 --> 00:22:03.359
<v Speaker 2>but it's not necessarily a helpful way for humans to

427
00:22:03.400 --> 00:22:05.279
<v Speaker 2>imagine like how big they are.

428
00:22:06.880 --> 00:22:11.279
<v Speaker 1>Yes, the seismology lab at Caltech is the actual birthplace

429
00:22:11.599 --> 00:22:14.160
<v Speaker 1>of the Richter scale, and we'll definitely get into that

430
00:22:14.200 --> 00:22:18.119
<v Speaker 1>when we do seismology. But in general, these ice quakes

431
00:22:18.319 --> 00:22:23.839
<v Speaker 1>or cryosizems, which apparently they're known, are low frequency shakers,

432
00:22:24.319 --> 00:22:28.279
<v Speaker 1>big but mellow, kind of like the Bernese Mountain dogs

433
00:22:28.400 --> 00:22:31.920
<v Speaker 1>of seismic events, but less hairy. Also, if you've ever

434
00:22:32.359 --> 00:22:36.799
<v Speaker 1>during a winter cold snap, heard loud booms and thought

435
00:22:36.960 --> 00:22:40.359
<v Speaker 1>someone was attacking you with like an old school pirate cannon,

436
00:22:40.720 --> 00:22:43.440
<v Speaker 1>you may have heard a frost quake, which is when

437
00:22:43.599 --> 00:22:46.799
<v Speaker 1>rain seeps into the ground and that temperatures drop and

438
00:22:46.839 --> 00:22:50.240
<v Speaker 1>then the water in the earth expands and snaps, and

439
00:22:50.279 --> 00:22:53.440
<v Speaker 1>you'll know if there has been a frost quake by

440
00:22:53.519 --> 00:22:57.519
<v Speaker 1>simply turning on the television to see breathless coverage of

441
00:22:57.640 --> 00:23:01.119
<v Speaker 1>news anchors assuring you that the explosions were not the apocalypse.

442
00:23:01.319 --> 00:23:05.640
<v Speaker 1>I know, what about movies, how do they get glaciers

443
00:23:05.960 --> 00:23:09.440
<v Speaker 1>or glacier quakes right or wrong? Are there any orcy

444
00:23:09.559 --> 00:23:10.799
<v Speaker 1>or any that you're like, good job?

445
00:23:11.319 --> 00:23:13.559
<v Speaker 2>Okay, So though, I was trying to think if there

446
00:23:13.599 --> 00:23:15.960
<v Speaker 2>was any movies that have ice quakes at all, and

447
00:23:16.000 --> 00:23:17.680
<v Speaker 2>the closest I could come up with was in the

448
00:23:17.680 --> 00:23:20.440
<v Speaker 2>beginning of the Day after Tomorrow when the ice shelf

449
00:23:20.480 --> 00:23:23.000
<v Speaker 2>is like breaking off right under their station where they're

450
00:23:23.039 --> 00:23:24.039
<v Speaker 2>drilling for ice cores.

451
00:23:24.200 --> 00:23:29.960
<v Speaker 1>What's happening, Oh, that solves creaking off. That's where it's happening.

452
00:23:30.519 --> 00:23:33.279
<v Speaker 2>And that, Uh, that was pretty wild. And maybe if

453
00:23:33.319 --> 00:23:35.119
<v Speaker 2>they would have had some seismometers they could have had

454
00:23:35.160 --> 00:23:38.000
<v Speaker 2>a little bit more warning that that was coming. But yeah,

455
00:23:38.039 --> 00:23:42.440
<v Speaker 2>you really do get like huge crevasses in glaciers, especially

456
00:23:42.519 --> 00:23:44.960
<v Speaker 2>on big ice shelves like in Antarctica. Yeah, I don't know.

457
00:23:45.319 --> 00:23:49.119
<v Speaker 2>There hasn't been too many too many ice quakes in movies.

458
00:23:50.240 --> 00:23:52.319
<v Speaker 1>And I know that you have a history with Frozen.

459
00:23:52.559 --> 00:23:54.920
<v Speaker 1>When you watched Frozen, did you love it because you're like,

460
00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:56.119
<v Speaker 1>that's me, that's my jam.

461
00:23:56.720 --> 00:24:00.400
<v Speaker 2>So Frozen came out before I was studying glacier at all,

462
00:24:00.440 --> 00:24:02.319
<v Speaker 2>So I just liked it because I love kids movies.

463
00:24:04.720 --> 00:24:08.880
<v Speaker 2>But now I just saw the stage musical version of

464
00:24:09.160 --> 00:24:11.880
<v Speaker 2>Frozen in La right now. And I saw a couple

465
00:24:11.920 --> 00:24:13.720
<v Speaker 2>weeks ago with my friend and it was super awesome

466
00:24:14.039 --> 00:24:17.079
<v Speaker 2>as a glacier person. And I saw Frozen too recently

467
00:24:17.079 --> 00:24:20.359
<v Speaker 2>with another friend and also like actually went in a

468
00:24:20.440 --> 00:24:23.920
<v Speaker 2>glacier and it was really cool and oh my gosh,

469
00:24:24.000 --> 00:24:26.680
<v Speaker 2>I was like, my little glacier heart was just founding.

470
00:24:26.799 --> 00:24:28.279
<v Speaker 2>It was great. It was great.

471
00:24:28.880 --> 00:24:30.200
<v Speaker 1>It melted your ice Horten.

472
00:24:30.599 --> 00:24:31.160
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

473
00:24:31.200 --> 00:24:33.839
<v Speaker 1>And now you took a cape with you. Yes, it

474
00:24:33.880 --> 00:24:36.839
<v Speaker 1>was a Halloween costume. Yes, and you bundled it up

475
00:24:36.839 --> 00:24:39.680
<v Speaker 1>in a tiny, tiny little bundle, put it in your knapsack,

476
00:24:40.119 --> 00:24:44.680
<v Speaker 1>and the glacier cape photo also around the world. What

477
00:24:44.720 --> 00:24:45.759
<v Speaker 1>was your motivation for that?

478
00:24:46.319 --> 00:24:48.559
<v Speaker 2>So it was actually a silly idea that I think

479
00:24:48.559 --> 00:24:51.119
<v Speaker 2>it was my mom's idea. Originally after my first round

480
00:24:51.160 --> 00:24:52.720
<v Speaker 2>of field work. She saw some of the photos I

481
00:24:52.759 --> 00:24:54.960
<v Speaker 2>did and she was like, hey, you should take the

482
00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:57.880
<v Speaker 2>cape we made for your Halloween costume a few years ago.

483
00:24:58.480 --> 00:24:59.960
<v Speaker 2>Next time we go to a glacier and then like

484
00:25:00.039 --> 00:25:02.359
<v Speaker 2>take some photos because wouldn't that be fun? And I'm like, oh, yeah,

485
00:25:02.400 --> 00:25:04.319
<v Speaker 2>that would be fun. There's a lot of cool ways

486
00:25:04.359 --> 00:25:07.559
<v Speaker 2>to you know, appreciate ice in media and movies and

487
00:25:07.599 --> 00:25:10.000
<v Speaker 2>fun stuff through things like Frozen, but there's also a

488
00:25:10.039 --> 00:25:12.440
<v Speaker 2>way to scientifically appreciate them. And it's kind of cool

489
00:25:12.480 --> 00:25:15.519
<v Speaker 2>that all those different all those experiences in ice can

490
00:25:16.240 --> 00:25:18.240
<v Speaker 2>can go together in fun ways. And it's also a

491
00:25:18.240 --> 00:25:20.400
<v Speaker 2>cool way to think about, like who is a scientist.

492
00:25:20.480 --> 00:25:23.440
<v Speaker 2>A scientist for this is a person who's interested in ice,

493
00:25:23.519 --> 00:25:27.359
<v Speaker 2>and yeah, that's both me and Princess Elsa. It was

494
00:25:27.400 --> 00:25:29.799
<v Speaker 2>a fun way to make a little statement about what

495
00:25:29.880 --> 00:25:32.279
<v Speaker 2>a scientist might look like. And also just a fun

496
00:25:32.319 --> 00:25:34.240
<v Speaker 2>reason to wear a cape, because you know, yeah, I

497
00:25:34.279 --> 00:25:35.759
<v Speaker 2>always need more reasons to wear cape.

498
00:25:35.880 --> 00:25:38.680
<v Speaker 1>You're wearing right now, she was not wearing a cape,

499
00:25:38.920 --> 00:25:42.200
<v Speaker 1>but I was wearing a sweatshirt. I think I slept

500
00:25:42.240 --> 00:25:44.599
<v Speaker 1>in just to be real with you, But the point

501
00:25:44.720 --> 00:25:47.559
<v Speaker 1>is don't judge, and that was a really good statement

502
00:25:47.599 --> 00:25:50.000
<v Speaker 1>to that. To be a scientist, it doesn't mean that

503
00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:53.880
<v Speaker 1>you have to issue certain aspects of femininity or gender. Now,

504
00:25:53.880 --> 00:25:55.400
<v Speaker 1>when it comes to your outreach, I know you do

505
00:25:55.440 --> 00:25:58.559
<v Speaker 1>a lot of it. What is like the most infuriating

506
00:25:58.839 --> 00:26:00.839
<v Speaker 1>flint flam that you would like to debunk?

507
00:26:01.160 --> 00:26:04.039
<v Speaker 2>So I get a lot of flum flam from the

508
00:26:04.079 --> 00:26:06.640
<v Speaker 2>seismology side of my work rather than the glacier side

509
00:26:06.640 --> 00:26:08.720
<v Speaker 2>of my work, because lots of people have lots of

510
00:26:08.759 --> 00:26:11.799
<v Speaker 2>myths about earthquakes, and a lot of those myths aren't

511
00:26:12.079 --> 00:26:14.359
<v Speaker 2>intentionally trying to be harmful there a lot of them

512
00:26:14.400 --> 00:26:17.839
<v Speaker 2>are from our human brains trying to make patterns. So

513
00:26:17.920 --> 00:26:19.319
<v Speaker 2>there are a lot of folks out there who think

514
00:26:19.319 --> 00:26:23.559
<v Speaker 2>you can predict earthquakes, and nobody can actually reliably predict earthquakes.

515
00:26:23.599 --> 00:26:26.960
<v Speaker 2>And some people think there's things like earthquake weather that

516
00:26:27.039 --> 00:26:29.079
<v Speaker 2>will tell you whether it's more likely to have an earthquake,

517
00:26:29.119 --> 00:26:31.000
<v Speaker 2>and those don't actually make much of a difference. So

518
00:26:31.039 --> 00:26:34.400
<v Speaker 2>I usually have lots of myth busting to do earthquake wise.

519
00:26:34.599 --> 00:26:37.480
<v Speaker 2>The main one that I have to do with glacier

520
00:26:37.519 --> 00:26:40.559
<v Speaker 2>stuff is just like yes, climate change is rail. We

521
00:26:40.599 --> 00:26:43.039
<v Speaker 2>are losing ice. We are losing a lot of ice,

522
00:26:43.279 --> 00:26:44.920
<v Speaker 2>and we should do something about that.

523
00:26:45.039 --> 00:26:47.559
<v Speaker 1>Can I ask you patroon questions? Please do Are you ready?

524
00:26:47.759 --> 00:26:48.000
<v Speaker 2>Yes?

525
00:26:48.160 --> 00:26:52.799
<v Speaker 1>Oh boy? Okay? Before your questions, a few words from

526
00:26:52.799 --> 00:26:54.920
<v Speaker 1>some sponsors who make it possible for us to donate

527
00:26:55.200 --> 00:26:58.519
<v Speaker 1>to a charity of the ologies choosing each week, and

528
00:26:58.680 --> 00:27:02.960
<v Speaker 1>this week's let's chose The Traditional Association for Geoscience Diversity

529
00:27:03.279 --> 00:27:08.000
<v Speaker 1>and The IAGD is a nonprofit dedicated to creating access

530
00:27:08.039 --> 00:27:11.640
<v Speaker 1>and inclusion for persons with disabilities in the geosciences. They

531
00:27:11.720 --> 00:27:16.039
<v Speaker 1>celebrate the diverse abilities of all geoscience students, faculty, and

532
00:27:16.119 --> 00:27:20.519
<v Speaker 1>working professionals by fostering student engagement in geoscience career pathways.

533
00:27:20.759 --> 00:27:22.759
<v Speaker 1>And they're doing awesome stuff. So thank you so less

534
00:27:22.759 --> 00:27:24.920
<v Speaker 1>for choosing them, And thanks to some sponsors of the

535
00:27:24.920 --> 00:27:29.200
<v Speaker 1>show who I may talk about right now. All right,

536
00:27:29.279 --> 00:27:33.200
<v Speaker 1>onto your burning ice quake questions. Carl Ntzer more of

537
00:27:33.200 --> 00:27:35.920
<v Speaker 1>a comment than a question, just says love her.

538
00:27:36.799 --> 00:27:38.839
<v Speaker 2>I'm honored, so Carl, Thanks Carl.

539
00:27:38.640 --> 00:27:41.240
<v Speaker 1>Duly noted. Jesse Dragon wants to know will there still

540
00:27:41.279 --> 00:27:44.680
<v Speaker 1>be quakes when the glaciers disappear? Are the glaciers ever

541
00:27:44.680 --> 00:27:45.599
<v Speaker 1>going to fully disappear.

542
00:27:46.359 --> 00:27:51.880
<v Speaker 2>So that's a big question, okay, And that's one reason

543
00:27:51.920 --> 00:27:55.039
<v Speaker 2>why folks are interested in, like, you know, why should

544
00:27:55.039 --> 00:27:57.799
<v Speaker 2>we be investigator or glaciers right now? Is? Yeah, what's

545
00:27:57.839 --> 00:28:00.279
<v Speaker 2>going to happen to them in the future. So we

546
00:28:00.319 --> 00:28:02.400
<v Speaker 2>are definitely losing ice. We are definitely losing a lot

547
00:28:02.400 --> 00:28:06.599
<v Speaker 2>of ice. It will take a long time for especially

548
00:28:06.599 --> 00:28:09.079
<v Speaker 2>our larger piles of ice like green Land and an

549
00:28:09.119 --> 00:28:12.960
<v Speaker 2>art Our cut those. There is ice loss there, but

550
00:28:13.000 --> 00:28:15.079
<v Speaker 2>it's going to take a while for those to be like,

551
00:28:15.279 --> 00:28:18.519
<v Speaker 2>you know, gone gone. So hopefully that's not a case

552
00:28:18.519 --> 00:28:21.640
<v Speaker 2>that we are facing. There are definitely there are glaciers

553
00:28:21.680 --> 00:28:25.279
<v Speaker 2>with projected death dates already. Really, yeah, there's project If

554
00:28:25.319 --> 00:28:28.119
<v Speaker 2>you go on Wikipedia articles for small glaciers that are

555
00:28:28.160 --> 00:28:30.079
<v Speaker 2>well known, like for example, in Glacier National Park, the

556
00:28:30.079 --> 00:28:32.559
<v Speaker 2>Wikipedia articles will say, you know, this glacier is estimated

557
00:28:32.680 --> 00:28:36.200
<v Speaker 2>just to disappear by twenty fifty or something. So there's

558
00:28:36.400 --> 00:28:38.880
<v Speaker 2>a lot of the glaciers. Do they have projected disappearance

559
00:28:38.960 --> 00:28:40.480
<v Speaker 2>days dates? Okay?

560
00:28:40.480 --> 00:28:43.720
<v Speaker 1>Side note, I went to look up a graphic representation

561
00:28:44.000 --> 00:28:47.759
<v Speaker 1>and found out that glacier mass balance is the term

562
00:28:47.839 --> 00:28:51.079
<v Speaker 1>for how much ice a glacier is putting on versus

563
00:28:51.160 --> 00:28:54.079
<v Speaker 1>how much it's losing, taking on a little snow, some

564
00:28:54.240 --> 00:28:56.960
<v Speaker 1>is melting. Let's just say that the graphs for that

565
00:28:57.000 --> 00:28:59.880
<v Speaker 1>show a definite global trend downward.

566
00:29:00.200 --> 00:29:02.559
<v Speaker 2>But essentially I would say overall it's going to be

567
00:29:03.599 --> 00:29:06.039
<v Speaker 2>following sort of the same kind of global temperature curve,

568
00:29:06.440 --> 00:29:09.720
<v Speaker 2>which is yeah, really really taking it up tick since

569
00:29:09.799 --> 00:29:14.200
<v Speaker 2>that good old Industrial revolution. Yeah, so it'd be nice

570
00:29:14.240 --> 00:29:16.960
<v Speaker 2>if that could take a little downturn soon. That way,

571
00:29:17.039 --> 00:29:19.240
<v Speaker 2>we have a chance of preserving some of these glaciers,

572
00:29:20.119 --> 00:29:22.039
<v Speaker 2>so we don't have to call Glacier National Park the

573
00:29:22.079 --> 00:29:24.519
<v Speaker 2>park formerly known as Glacier Gosh.

574
00:29:24.599 --> 00:29:28.039
<v Speaker 1>Okay. There are roughly one hundred and ninety eight thousand

575
00:29:28.359 --> 00:29:31.920
<v Speaker 1>glaciers in the world, remember, larger than Adele's twenty five

576
00:29:31.920 --> 00:29:35.839
<v Speaker 1>acre country estate, and Iceland, by the bye is expected

577
00:29:35.920 --> 00:29:39.599
<v Speaker 1>to lose all of theirs in the next two hundred years.

578
00:29:39.920 --> 00:29:43.839
<v Speaker 1>And last summer, in a move that was starkly emotional,

579
00:29:44.240 --> 00:29:46.799
<v Speaker 1>they were the first nation to hold a funeral for

580
00:29:46.920 --> 00:29:50.200
<v Speaker 1>one of their deceased glaciers, which was once called ok

581
00:29:50.279 --> 00:29:55.240
<v Speaker 1>Kikeol I think, but since Jakol means glacier, they just

582
00:29:55.359 --> 00:29:57.799
<v Speaker 1>changed the name to Olk. It hurts. They put up

583
00:29:57.799 --> 00:30:00.720
<v Speaker 1>a memorial on what's now a rocky mountain inside with

584
00:30:00.839 --> 00:30:03.519
<v Speaker 1>a plaque that read, this monument is to acknowledge that

585
00:30:03.559 --> 00:30:06.200
<v Speaker 1>we know what is happening and what needs to be done.

586
00:30:06.759 --> 00:30:10.559
<v Speaker 1>Only you know if we did it. They addressed future visitors.

587
00:30:10.640 --> 00:30:12.920
<v Speaker 1>Hopefully that black will be buried in ice one day,

588
00:30:13.039 --> 00:30:16.519
<v Speaker 1>but kudos Iceland. A glacier funeral. That's a power move.

589
00:30:16.640 --> 00:30:19.599
<v Speaker 1>It's also god as hell if you ask me a

590
00:30:19.640 --> 00:30:22.079
<v Speaker 1>person who has held a funeral for a bug. Now

591
00:30:22.160 --> 00:30:24.799
<v Speaker 1>speaking of the forces that shape.

592
00:30:24.599 --> 00:30:27.759
<v Speaker 2>Us topography, so like, you can still look at it,

593
00:30:27.799 --> 00:30:30.119
<v Speaker 2>and if you know a thing or two about you know,

594
00:30:30.200 --> 00:30:32.359
<v Speaker 2>you can look for those U shaped valleys that glaciers

595
00:30:32.400 --> 00:30:35.079
<v Speaker 2>leave behind. You can still say, ah, yes, glaciers were here,

596
00:30:35.359 --> 00:30:38.039
<v Speaker 2>and some of the glaciers there are going to be

597
00:30:38.079 --> 00:30:40.160
<v Speaker 2>gone in the next couple decades. Some of the larger

598
00:30:40.160 --> 00:30:42.240
<v Speaker 2>ones might take a little longer, but yeah, we could

599
00:30:42.279 --> 00:30:45.279
<v Speaker 2>see some of those glaciers go away. And other small

600
00:30:45.279 --> 00:30:47.319
<v Speaker 2>mountain glaciers too are really at risk.

601
00:30:47.400 --> 00:30:50.000
<v Speaker 1>Right God, I hope they don't have to rebrand. It's

602
00:30:50.039 --> 00:30:53.960
<v Speaker 1>just it's for many reasons. This next question was asked

603
00:30:53.960 --> 00:30:58.079
<v Speaker 1>by first time question asker Alexis Delgado plus Annie, Sophie

604
00:30:58.160 --> 00:31:02.200
<v Speaker 1>Karen At, Stephanie Bertese McNee and May Mara wants to

605
00:31:02.200 --> 00:31:04.480
<v Speaker 1>know how do wildlife react to glacier quakes.

606
00:31:04.839 --> 00:31:08.319
<v Speaker 2>Oh. Interesting, I haven't really thought too much about this.

607
00:31:08.640 --> 00:31:12.000
<v Speaker 2>So there's actually not much wildlife on like the middle

608
00:31:12.000 --> 00:31:14.200
<v Speaker 2>of a glacier because it's not it's not a place

609
00:31:14.240 --> 00:31:18.599
<v Speaker 2>with very much food. So when I've done work on glaciers,

610
00:31:19.160 --> 00:31:20.519
<v Speaker 2>like I was out in the middle of the Juno

611
00:31:20.559 --> 00:31:23.480
<v Speaker 2>ice Field this last summer, and yeah, we would very

612
00:31:23.559 --> 00:31:26.880
<v Speaker 2>rarely see any animals. Occasionally a bird would fly over.

613
00:31:26.960 --> 00:31:29.559
<v Speaker 2>We would occasionally find dead birds on the glacier because

614
00:31:29.559 --> 00:31:31.119
<v Speaker 2>they would get in and not be able to get out.

615
00:31:32.519 --> 00:31:35.400
<v Speaker 2>I get in or out of a glacier, they would

616
00:31:35.440 --> 00:31:38.960
<v Speaker 2>like start flying onto the glacier and then run out

617
00:31:39.000 --> 00:31:40.720
<v Speaker 2>of food out there and then end up dying out there.

618
00:31:40.920 --> 00:31:47.640
<v Speaker 2>It's kind of sad, but that's the circle of life

619
00:31:48.720 --> 00:31:49.440
<v Speaker 2>for those birds.

620
00:31:49.559 --> 00:31:50.640
<v Speaker 1>No pancakes for them.

621
00:31:50.680 --> 00:31:55.359
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, so yeah, there's there's not a ton of

622
00:31:55.480 --> 00:31:57.920
<v Speaker 2>wildlife on the glacier. There is. Oh, one of the

623
00:31:57.920 --> 00:31:59.920
<v Speaker 2>coolest things out there is there's a kind of l

624
00:32:00.319 --> 00:32:03.119
<v Speaker 2>that lives in snow but it's commonly known as watermelon

625
00:32:03.200 --> 00:32:05.839
<v Speaker 2>snow because it's bright pink. Really. Yeah, So if you

626
00:32:05.960 --> 00:32:07.880
<v Speaker 2>like go out to glacier and there's like a patch

627
00:32:07.880 --> 00:32:09.880
<v Speaker 2>that looks kind of like a murder scene, like there's

628
00:32:09.880 --> 00:32:13.839
<v Speaker 2>like like a red, reddish like pinkish splotch, it probably

629
00:32:13.880 --> 00:32:16.039
<v Speaker 2>wasn't a murder scene. It's probably just watermelon snow. So

630
00:32:16.039 --> 00:32:17.640
<v Speaker 2>it's a kind of like little algae. And then there's

631
00:32:17.799 --> 00:32:21.240
<v Speaker 2>these little tiny worms, like smaller than a penny like

632
00:32:21.319 --> 00:32:23.160
<v Speaker 2>worms that feed on that algae.

633
00:32:23.240 --> 00:32:26.039
<v Speaker 1>Ps I look this up and it's also called pink

634
00:32:26.079 --> 00:32:30.039
<v Speaker 1>snow and blood snow. And yes, there are inch long

635
00:32:30.079 --> 00:32:32.920
<v Speaker 1>black worms in it. You can eat it, but too

636
00:32:33.000 --> 00:32:36.599
<v Speaker 1>much might cause gastro intestinal issues, just in case you

637
00:32:36.640 --> 00:32:39.920
<v Speaker 1>need one more reason not to eat blood snow peppered

638
00:32:39.920 --> 00:32:40.480
<v Speaker 1>with worms.

639
00:32:40.599 --> 00:32:43.240
<v Speaker 2>So there is stuff living in the snow. Those little

640
00:32:43.279 --> 00:32:45.720
<v Speaker 2>worms are probably like concerned when the ice shakes a

641
00:32:45.759 --> 00:32:48.880
<v Speaker 2>little bit, but for the most part, it wouldn't disturb

642
00:32:49.000 --> 00:32:53.160
<v Speaker 2>too much wildlife. Maybe they would maybe a nearby if

643
00:32:53.200 --> 00:32:55.480
<v Speaker 2>it was if it was a glacier on the edge

644
00:32:55.519 --> 00:32:57.200
<v Speaker 2>of an ice field and had a larger ice quake,

645
00:32:57.240 --> 00:32:59.680
<v Speaker 2>maybe a nearby deer or something would look up from

646
00:32:59.720 --> 00:33:03.319
<v Speaker 2>its and wonder what was going on. But yeah, no

647
00:33:04.000 --> 00:33:06.960
<v Speaker 2>ice ice quakes don't affect wildlife too terribly much.

648
00:33:07.079 --> 00:33:09.359
<v Speaker 1>Okay, that's good to know. Just keep thinking about these

649
00:33:09.400 --> 00:33:13.200
<v Speaker 1>little disturbed worms, like I've tried a much mamell it

650
00:33:13.240 --> 00:33:13.599
<v Speaker 1>over here.

651
00:33:13.720 --> 00:33:15.799
<v Speaker 2>Ew, what's going on? What's going on down there?

652
00:33:16.319 --> 00:33:16.480
<v Speaker 3>Oh?

653
00:33:16.599 --> 00:33:18.559
<v Speaker 1>Maria Hancocks wants to know where did she get that cape?

654
00:33:18.559 --> 00:33:19.079
<v Speaker 1>I want one.

655
00:33:19.799 --> 00:33:21.599
<v Speaker 2>I just went to the craft store and bought some

656
00:33:21.759 --> 00:33:25.279
<v Speaker 2>glitter tool fabric. It's like what a twotu is made

657
00:33:25.279 --> 00:33:26.519
<v Speaker 2>out of. But you can just like buy a couple

658
00:33:26.559 --> 00:33:28.559
<v Speaker 2>of yards of it. Yeah, my mom bought it for me,

659
00:33:29.680 --> 00:33:30.240
<v Speaker 2>Thanks mom.

660
00:33:30.319 --> 00:33:33.359
<v Speaker 1>Okay. Megan McLean wants to know have glacier quakes resulted

661
00:33:33.400 --> 00:33:36.039
<v Speaker 1>in the discovery of anything significant in terms of new

662
00:33:36.119 --> 00:33:39.000
<v Speaker 1>life forms or fossils, anything ever pop out of a

663
00:33:39.000 --> 00:33:40.559
<v Speaker 1>glacier for you're what was that doing there?

664
00:33:41.039 --> 00:33:43.960
<v Speaker 2>Well, I don't know if glacier quakes have helped, but

665
00:33:44.000 --> 00:33:46.839
<v Speaker 2>you can get things can be preserved pretty well in ice.

666
00:33:47.359 --> 00:33:50.960
<v Speaker 2>So occasionally there have been lost hikers on glaciers in

667
00:33:51.000 --> 00:33:53.480
<v Speaker 2>the Alps from you know, one hundred years previously, have

668
00:33:53.519 --> 00:33:56.960
<v Speaker 2>gotten buried in the ice and then appeared lower on

669
00:33:57.000 --> 00:33:59.359
<v Speaker 2>the glacier from the motion of the glacier. Oh wow,

670
00:33:59.759 --> 00:34:04.200
<v Speaker 2>you know, one hundred years after they disappeared. And yeah,

671
00:34:04.200 --> 00:34:05.200
<v Speaker 2>so that's pretty wild.

672
00:34:05.359 --> 00:34:07.880
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that's super wild, a little.

673
00:34:08.159 --> 00:34:11.920
<v Speaker 2>A little grim, but yeah. So glaciers can preserve things

674
00:34:11.920 --> 00:34:14.559
<v Speaker 2>really well. But yeah, since there's not not much life

675
00:34:14.760 --> 00:34:19.840
<v Speaker 2>on a glacier other than adventurous humans, there's not much

676
00:34:19.840 --> 00:34:22.159
<v Speaker 2>in the way of fossils or anything good to know.

677
00:34:22.599 --> 00:34:27.719
<v Speaker 1>Patrons Pandora too, Shay Sarah Amish, Granulation and Rot also

678
00:34:27.880 --> 00:34:30.880
<v Speaker 1>asked about things found in a glacier and I just

679
00:34:30.960 --> 00:34:33.000
<v Speaker 1>have to pipe in that. I looked it up and

680
00:34:33.039 --> 00:34:37.320
<v Speaker 1>there have been Mount Everest hikers mummified by the ice

681
00:34:37.360 --> 00:34:41.760
<v Speaker 1>and then later revealed when it melted and fallen, prehistoric

682
00:34:41.880 --> 00:34:45.760
<v Speaker 1>warriors from thousands of years ago, and war planes with

683
00:34:46.119 --> 00:34:52.760
<v Speaker 1>entire crews, soldiers with unmailed love letters, sacrifice victims, lost

684
00:34:52.880 --> 00:34:55.880
<v Speaker 1>lovers in the Alps, and more. Just in case melting

685
00:34:55.880 --> 00:34:59.039
<v Speaker 1>glaciers just weren't sad enough for you. dB nervous and

686
00:34:59.159 --> 00:35:02.119
<v Speaker 1>wants to know where are the largest glaciers, like by

687
00:35:02.199 --> 00:35:05.000
<v Speaker 1>service area, those would be Greenland and Antarctica. Yeah.

688
00:35:05.159 --> 00:35:08.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so Greenland and Antarctica are both ice sheets. It's

689
00:35:08.559 --> 00:35:11.639
<v Speaker 2>kind of like one big glacier as in as just

690
00:35:11.719 --> 00:35:14.800
<v Speaker 2>like one huge, huge pile of ice. But then there's

691
00:35:14.880 --> 00:35:18.039
<v Speaker 2>like glaciers coming off the side where the ice is

692
00:35:18.119 --> 00:35:20.719
<v Speaker 2>like oozing out from the edge of the ice sheet.

693
00:35:21.159 --> 00:35:23.400
<v Speaker 2>I don't know about what the largest one of those

694
00:35:23.400 --> 00:35:26.920
<v Speaker 2>officially is. I know the fastest glacier is called yakapsov

695
00:35:26.960 --> 00:35:31.760
<v Speaker 2>In Isbri It's it's in Greenland, And yeah, it's the fastest.

696
00:35:31.800 --> 00:35:35.360
<v Speaker 2>It's moving about thirty meters a day. Why whereas like

697
00:35:35.400 --> 00:35:37.840
<v Speaker 2>smaller glaciers like the ones that I work on, are

698
00:35:37.880 --> 00:35:39.760
<v Speaker 2>moving half a meter a day.

699
00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:43.800
<v Speaker 1>That's still pretty fast. Yeah, something so big, Yeah, yeah.

700
00:35:43.719 --> 00:35:46.360
<v Speaker 2>By all means move at a glacial pace. You know

701
00:35:46.440 --> 00:35:47.679
<v Speaker 2>how that thrills me?

702
00:35:48.360 --> 00:35:52.159
<v Speaker 1>Hey, Meryl Streep from Devilwar's product, You move something that

703
00:35:52.199 --> 00:35:55.480
<v Speaker 1>weighs billions and billions of tons sixty to one hundred

704
00:35:55.480 --> 00:35:57.079
<v Speaker 1>and fifty feet a day and tell me that's not

705
00:35:57.159 --> 00:36:01.559
<v Speaker 1>impressive and terrifying and heart wrenching. Is it like weird

706
00:36:01.599 --> 00:36:04.960
<v Speaker 1>emotionally to see ice kind of break off and splinter

707
00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:07.039
<v Speaker 1>off from a huge glacier. On one hand, you've got

708
00:36:07.039 --> 00:36:10.000
<v Speaker 1>some great data, but on another, like, oh, that's more

709
00:36:10.039 --> 00:36:10.639
<v Speaker 1>ice smell thing.

710
00:36:10.719 --> 00:36:14.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so icebergs breaking off the end of a glacier

711
00:36:14.760 --> 00:36:17.400
<v Speaker 2>is a natural thing. Even healthy glaciers are doing that. Okay,

712
00:36:17.400 --> 00:36:19.400
<v Speaker 2>So it is something that you can you can happily

713
00:36:19.480 --> 00:36:21.599
<v Speaker 2>enjoy and just enjoy it for the like, you know,

714
00:36:21.800 --> 00:36:26.320
<v Speaker 2>powerful sort of a gunshot kind of sound. Yeah, one

715
00:36:26.360 --> 00:36:28.519
<v Speaker 2>of it cracking off the ice. You can actually hear it,

716
00:36:29.679 --> 00:36:31.519
<v Speaker 2>and then you know it'll tumble into the water if

717
00:36:31.559 --> 00:36:34.559
<v Speaker 2>it's emptying into the ocean or something. So yeah, you

718
00:36:34.559 --> 00:36:36.760
<v Speaker 2>can still enjoy that. But then, yeah, it does remind

719
00:36:36.760 --> 00:36:38.639
<v Speaker 2>you that, oh, this is happening a little bit more

720
00:36:38.679 --> 00:36:41.599
<v Speaker 2>than it used to. So yeah, it's it's a weird.

721
00:36:41.719 --> 00:36:44.880
<v Speaker 2>It's a weird emotional thing to like be up close

722
00:36:45.039 --> 00:36:47.840
<v Speaker 2>with glaciers, like knowing that they are going away.

723
00:36:48.480 --> 00:36:50.719
<v Speaker 1>Have you seen anything like that? Have you ever seen

724
00:36:50.760 --> 00:36:53.079
<v Speaker 1>like a huge tumble off? Have you been a present

725
00:36:53.159 --> 00:36:53.360
<v Speaker 1>for that?

726
00:36:53.400 --> 00:36:55.480
<v Speaker 2>I wish well. On vacation with my family before I

727
00:36:55.559 --> 00:36:57.840
<v Speaker 2>knew I was going to be studying glacier someday, we

728
00:36:57.880 --> 00:37:00.519
<v Speaker 2>got to see some icebergs tumble off the edge glacier

729
00:37:00.519 --> 00:37:02.280
<v Speaker 2>in Alaska, and like that was pretty cool, But it

730
00:37:02.320 --> 00:37:04.519
<v Speaker 2>wasn't like one of the really huge ones. There are

731
00:37:04.599 --> 00:37:08.000
<v Speaker 2>great videos online of like glacier calving events that are

732
00:37:08.079 --> 00:37:09.760
<v Speaker 2>really spectacular.

733
00:37:10.199 --> 00:37:13.519
<v Speaker 1>So that calving event you heard earlier was audio from

734
00:37:13.559 --> 00:37:16.960
<v Speaker 1>the documentary Chasing Ice and Dang. If you like watching

735
00:37:17.000 --> 00:37:21.639
<v Speaker 1>glaciers crumble like scones, very loud, rumbling scones, this is

736
00:37:21.719 --> 00:37:26.119
<v Speaker 1>the documentary for you future glaciologists. Simiie Thompson says, I'm

737
00:37:26.159 --> 00:37:29.559
<v Speaker 1>a glaciology student, so I have so many questions. Oh right,

738
00:37:29.719 --> 00:37:32.480
<v Speaker 1>fellow glaciologist. All right, what is the deal with the

739
00:37:32.519 --> 00:37:37.039
<v Speaker 1>meteorite impact craters recently found under the Greenland ice sheet

740
00:37:37.440 --> 00:37:38.719
<v Speaker 1>through seismic studies?

741
00:37:39.239 --> 00:37:42.280
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, this is a really rad case. There's a

742
00:37:42.320 --> 00:37:46.400
<v Speaker 2>spot in Greenland that I think somebody was originally just like, hey,

743
00:37:46.519 --> 00:37:49.320
<v Speaker 2>the topography here looks a little bit funny, let's check

744
00:37:49.360 --> 00:37:51.440
<v Speaker 2>it out. And then they figured out that part of

745
00:37:51.480 --> 00:37:55.199
<v Speaker 2>the it's in like northwestern Greenland, that there was actually

746
00:37:55.280 --> 00:37:57.760
<v Speaker 2>a crater blow there. And yeah, they figured it out.

747
00:37:57.800 --> 00:37:59.239
<v Speaker 2>I don't know if they figured it out from seismic

748
00:37:59.320 --> 00:38:01.079
<v Speaker 2>or from radar to one of the other good ways

749
00:38:01.119 --> 00:38:03.000
<v Speaker 2>to check out what's going on inside a glacier like

750
00:38:03.039 --> 00:38:05.599
<v Speaker 2>structure wise, is to shoot radar beams in there. And

751
00:38:05.599 --> 00:38:07.239
<v Speaker 2>then they'll bounce off the bottom and come back. So

752
00:38:07.280 --> 00:38:09.239
<v Speaker 2>it's kind of the same concept as sizic wave moving,

753
00:38:09.280 --> 00:38:12.800
<v Speaker 2>it's just that they're radio It's yeah, it's radar waves instead.

754
00:38:14.039 --> 00:38:15.760
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, I don't know if that was discovered via

755
00:38:15.840 --> 00:38:19.280
<v Speaker 2>seismic or radar, but yeah, it's pretty rat And they

756
00:38:19.280 --> 00:38:22.320
<v Speaker 2>just saw the nice characteristic crater shape at the blow

757
00:38:22.440 --> 00:38:24.719
<v Speaker 2>of the edge of the Greenland ice sheet. You can

758
00:38:24.760 --> 00:38:26.679
<v Speaker 2>kind of if you zoom into that area on Google

759
00:38:26.719 --> 00:38:28.719
<v Speaker 2>Earth you can kind of see and I like, it's

760
00:38:28.719 --> 00:38:30.079
<v Speaker 2>like right on the edge of the ice sheet and

761
00:38:30.119 --> 00:38:31.440
<v Speaker 2>the crater is all full of ice, so you can

762
00:38:31.480 --> 00:38:34.480
<v Speaker 2>see kind of like a little rounded, little little bump

763
00:38:34.519 --> 00:38:36.000
<v Speaker 2>on the edge where it's filling up the crater.

764
00:38:36.360 --> 00:38:39.119
<v Speaker 1>It is bananas. Side note that you can just use

765
00:38:39.199 --> 00:38:42.599
<v Speaker 1>Google Earth to look at glaciers. I just had just surreal,

766
00:38:42.719 --> 00:38:45.800
<v Speaker 1>like how does technology even exist? Moment doing that. Also

767
00:38:46.159 --> 00:38:50.880
<v Speaker 1>some fun trivia, This Hiawatha impact crater and another subsequently

768
00:38:50.960 --> 00:38:54.599
<v Speaker 1>found pretty close to it, was discovered by some NASA scientists.

769
00:38:54.719 --> 00:38:57.840
<v Speaker 1>They were doing a flyby and just testing their equipment

770
00:38:57.920 --> 00:39:00.800
<v Speaker 1>on the way to the Arctic. Imagine making the discovery

771
00:39:01.000 --> 00:39:05.800
<v Speaker 1>of a lifetime seeing a nineteen mile wide geological divot

772
00:39:05.880 --> 00:39:07.719
<v Speaker 1>in the earth when you just meant to be like

773
00:39:08.000 --> 00:39:13.079
<v Speaker 1>as a thing. On testing oh Rex, sand Parker asked,

774
00:39:13.079 --> 00:39:16.280
<v Speaker 1>what's the most valuable or useful piece of technology that

775
00:39:16.360 --> 00:39:17.719
<v Speaker 1>you use to conduct your work.

776
00:39:18.480 --> 00:39:22.760
<v Speaker 2>So, a new piece of technology that I just used

777
00:39:22.800 --> 00:39:25.280
<v Speaker 2>on my last round of field work, and other cryo

778
00:39:25.360 --> 00:39:28.280
<v Speaker 2>seismologists are starting to check out too, is called distributed

779
00:39:28.320 --> 00:39:31.960
<v Speaker 2>acoustic sensing. Okay, which acoustic sensing makes it sound like

780
00:39:31.960 --> 00:39:35.559
<v Speaker 2>a microphone, but it's actually it's really cool. So it's

781
00:39:35.599 --> 00:39:38.679
<v Speaker 2>essentially tricking a fiber optic cable into thinking it's a

782
00:39:38.719 --> 00:39:39.880
<v Speaker 2>bunch of seismometers.

783
00:39:40.079 --> 00:39:40.159
<v Speaker 3>What.

784
00:39:40.559 --> 00:39:42.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you shoot a laser pulse in and then little

785
00:39:42.760 --> 00:39:46.400
<v Speaker 2>inhomogeneities in the cable will bounce that laser pulse back.

786
00:39:47.039 --> 00:39:50.800
<v Speaker 2>And then if you stretch or smush any bit of

787
00:39:50.840 --> 00:39:53.880
<v Speaker 2>the cable from, for example, a seismic wave passing by,

788
00:39:54.400 --> 00:39:57.000
<v Speaker 2>then the return times of all of those little bounce

789
00:39:57.079 --> 00:40:01.920
<v Speaker 2>backs will change. Timing sends pulse after pulse after pulse

790
00:40:01.960 --> 00:40:04.360
<v Speaker 2>and looks for changes in the reflection.

791
00:40:04.039 --> 00:40:04.679
<v Speaker 1>That comes back.

792
00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:07.639
<v Speaker 2>So that's some wild new technology that. Yeah, instead of

793
00:40:07.679 --> 00:40:10.159
<v Speaker 2>deploying a lot of seismometers, you can just roll out

794
00:40:10.159 --> 00:40:12.960
<v Speaker 2>one cable. Yeah, so a lot of seismologists in general

795
00:40:12.960 --> 00:40:14.880
<v Speaker 2>are really interested in how do we use this tech?

796
00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:17.519
<v Speaker 2>Looking at seismology in urban areas is probably where that's

797
00:40:17.519 --> 00:40:19.400
<v Speaker 2>going to be coolest, because you can use fiber optic

798
00:40:19.440 --> 00:40:22.079
<v Speaker 2>cables that are already installed for just like telecom purposes

799
00:40:22.400 --> 00:40:24.719
<v Speaker 2>you to plug your box in and then check it out.

800
00:40:24.800 --> 00:40:28.599
<v Speaker 1>Oh, when it comes to seismometers, Michelle Lee asked about them.

801
00:40:28.880 --> 00:40:32.079
<v Speaker 1>The thing that draws the wavy lines is called a

802
00:40:32.199 --> 00:40:35.599
<v Speaker 1>seismic graph, and the paper with the wavy lines drawn

803
00:40:35.639 --> 00:40:40.000
<v Speaker 1>on it is a seismic gram, which means instagram should

804
00:40:40.039 --> 00:40:43.239
<v Speaker 1>really be called instagraph. None of this matters. One thing

805
00:40:43.280 --> 00:40:46.159
<v Speaker 1>that does matter, how big is a seismometer.

806
00:40:46.400 --> 00:40:48.840
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, seismometers in the modern day can be really tiny.

807
00:40:48.880 --> 00:40:52.079
<v Speaker 2>You can even you can buy your own tiny seismometer

808
00:40:52.119 --> 00:40:55.199
<v Speaker 2>with it that's powered by Raspberry pie the little microcomputers.

809
00:40:55.400 --> 00:40:58.920
<v Speaker 2>I'll have seismometers called Raspberry shakes. Get it, and so

810
00:40:59.159 --> 00:41:01.280
<v Speaker 2>if anybody wants to, they can go buy a Raspberry

811
00:41:01.320 --> 00:41:02.960
<v Speaker 2>shake and you can plug it in and you can

812
00:41:02.960 --> 00:41:05.360
<v Speaker 2>feed it into there's a network of Raspberry shakes. They're

813
00:41:05.360 --> 00:41:07.400
<v Speaker 2>great for like education, Like teachers will get them for

814
00:41:07.440 --> 00:41:08.480
<v Speaker 2>their classrooms and stuff.

815
00:41:08.559 --> 00:41:09.960
<v Speaker 1>Oh my gosh, do I why say?

816
00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:11.920
<v Speaker 2>Smile? Yes, it's super cool.

817
00:41:12.559 --> 00:41:14.800
<v Speaker 1>Okay, I have no idea what this question means, so

818
00:41:14.840 --> 00:41:16.360
<v Speaker 1>I'm just gonna ask it, and if you don't either

819
00:41:16.360 --> 00:41:18.639
<v Speaker 1>of them, we're gonna skip it. No idea what this means.

820
00:41:18.920 --> 00:41:23.199
<v Speaker 1>Robert Robin Helton wants to know. Was the bloop a

821
00:41:23.239 --> 00:41:25.880
<v Speaker 1>glacier quake? Please tell me it was, because I'm terrified

822
00:41:25.920 --> 00:41:27.840
<v Speaker 1>of the ocean as is. What is the bloop?

823
00:41:27.920 --> 00:41:29.079
<v Speaker 2>I don't know what the bluep o.

824
00:41:30.239 --> 00:41:33.360
<v Speaker 1>Allison Bee, or rather Allison Bee's girlfriend, also asked this

825
00:41:33.480 --> 00:41:37.159
<v Speaker 1>question and we had no idea, no idea what the

826
00:41:37.199 --> 00:41:39.960
<v Speaker 1>bloop they were talking about. But Celeste emailed me right

827
00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:42.320
<v Speaker 1>after the interview later that night with a link. And

828
00:41:42.360 --> 00:41:46.679
<v Speaker 1>apparently in nineteen ninety seven, oceanographers recorded the loudest noise

829
00:41:46.840 --> 00:41:53.000
<v Speaker 1>ever heard under the sea, a bloop, A sound like

830
00:41:53.079 --> 00:41:58.119
<v Speaker 1>a wall rist gently farting in a bathtub, but so loud. Noah.

831
00:41:58.159 --> 00:42:01.679
<v Speaker 1>The National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration says on their site

832
00:42:02.079 --> 00:42:08.239
<v Speaker 1>quote was the bloop from secret underwater military exercises, ship engines, fishing,

833
00:42:08.280 --> 00:42:12.960
<v Speaker 1>boat winches, giant squids, whales, or some sea creature. Unknown

834
00:42:13.000 --> 00:42:16.880
<v Speaker 1>to science. For years and years until two thousand and five,

835
00:42:17.039 --> 00:42:20.519
<v Speaker 1>all these conspiracy theories about the bloop swirled around. No

836
00:42:20.559 --> 00:42:23.159
<v Speaker 1>one knew what the bloop was. People were losing their minds.

837
00:42:23.239 --> 00:42:25.880
<v Speaker 1>What is this bloop? Turns out it's the sound of

838
00:42:25.920 --> 00:42:29.239
<v Speaker 1>an ice quake and a chunk calving off into the ocean.

839
00:42:29.400 --> 00:42:33.280
<v Speaker 1>Bloop like an ice cube in your lemonade, and Noah

840
00:42:33.360 --> 00:42:37.440
<v Speaker 1>also mentioned that we can expect more and more future bloops. Oh,

841
00:42:37.519 --> 00:42:40.679
<v Speaker 1>hollis great question. What causes glaciers to be so blue?

842
00:42:41.039 --> 00:42:43.280
<v Speaker 2>Oh, this is a great question. And if you have

843
00:42:43.400 --> 00:42:47.039
<v Speaker 2>not seen how blue a glacier is, you need to

844
00:42:47.199 --> 00:42:50.719
<v Speaker 2>like Google image search like glacier ice especially oh search

845
00:42:50.760 --> 00:42:53.480
<v Speaker 2>for glacier ice caves, because that gets you the blue

846
00:42:53.599 --> 00:42:58.960
<v Speaker 2>really good. So glaciers are blue for the same reason

847
00:42:58.960 --> 00:43:01.440
<v Speaker 2>that like the ocean is what happened, And it's not

848
00:43:01.599 --> 00:43:04.760
<v Speaker 2>the same reason as the sky is blue. So the

849
00:43:04.800 --> 00:43:09.039
<v Speaker 2>sky is blue because of really scattering of light. Large

850
00:43:09.079 --> 00:43:11.679
<v Speaker 2>quantities of water and large quantities of ice are blue

851
00:43:11.719 --> 00:43:15.199
<v Speaker 2>because water molecules, they're like a bond stretch in there

852
00:43:15.360 --> 00:43:18.239
<v Speaker 2>can absorb light, but it gets absorbed on the red

853
00:43:18.320 --> 00:43:21.119
<v Speaker 2>end of the spectrum as light is coming into there,

854
00:43:21.199 --> 00:43:22.760
<v Speaker 2>the red just gets kind of absorbed out, and so

855
00:43:22.800 --> 00:43:25.039
<v Speaker 2>all you're left with is the blues, and they're very,

856
00:43:25.119 --> 00:43:28.000
<v Speaker 2>very lovely. My favorite, my favorite color in the world

857
00:43:28.079 --> 00:43:30.440
<v Speaker 2>is like looking down a glacier crevass and just seeing

858
00:43:30.480 --> 00:43:33.119
<v Speaker 2>it is so so so it's the bluest blue.

859
00:43:33.239 --> 00:43:33.440
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

860
00:43:34.199 --> 00:43:36.880
<v Speaker 1>I got to ask someone at Pantone what chip color

861
00:43:36.920 --> 00:43:40.280
<v Speaker 1>that is, what number that is? Okay, so side note,

862
00:43:40.280 --> 00:43:43.280
<v Speaker 1>of course, I looked up ice caves, which are surreal

863
00:43:43.760 --> 00:43:48.480
<v Speaker 1>and gorgeous caverns of shimmering surfaces in these deep, moody

864
00:43:48.559 --> 00:43:51.400
<v Speaker 1>blue tones. And then I went to pant Tone and

865
00:43:51.440 --> 00:43:54.639
<v Speaker 1>I typed in glacier and they have a color called Glacier,

866
00:43:54.920 --> 00:43:57.599
<v Speaker 1>but it was like kind of minty green. They have

867
00:43:57.599 --> 00:43:59.920
<v Speaker 1>a color called Arctic, but that was just kind of

868
00:43:59.880 --> 00:44:04.719
<v Speaker 1>a straight vintage army color. They also had an iceberg green,

869
00:44:05.159 --> 00:44:08.000
<v Speaker 1>but that was again like a powdery olive. And I'm

870
00:44:08.039 --> 00:44:10.559
<v Speaker 1>looking at these swatches and the closest I could find

871
00:44:11.000 --> 00:44:15.079
<v Speaker 1>to the color of ice caves was this sadly unnamed

872
00:44:15.199 --> 00:44:18.679
<v Speaker 1>chip known only as twenty nine eighty five C, and

873
00:44:18.719 --> 00:44:22.840
<v Speaker 1>it kind of captured that cool aqua of an ice crevass.

874
00:44:23.119 --> 00:44:24.519
<v Speaker 1>And then I was like maybe they have a color

875
00:44:24.559 --> 00:44:27.000
<v Speaker 1>called ice cravas. They do not have a color called

876
00:44:27.000 --> 00:44:30.559
<v Speaker 1>ice cravas. Then I realized that the twenty twenty Pantone

877
00:44:30.559 --> 00:44:33.679
<v Speaker 1>color for the year is you ready for this? Classic blue?

878
00:44:34.280 --> 00:44:37.639
<v Speaker 1>Just straight up blue, which I will say, if you

879
00:44:37.760 --> 00:44:41.199
<v Speaker 1>compare it to those dim ice caves, is pretty spot on.

880
00:44:41.480 --> 00:44:43.880
<v Speaker 1>So that's magic. Jennifer Tran wants to know. Are there

881
00:44:43.920 --> 00:44:46.440
<v Speaker 1>ice canoes like an icy volcano? Oh?

882
00:44:46.559 --> 00:44:49.159
<v Speaker 2>So, there are a lot of places where there are

883
00:44:49.239 --> 00:44:55.800
<v Speaker 2>volcanoes with glaciers on them on Earth and also potentially

884
00:44:56.360 --> 00:45:01.400
<v Speaker 2>on other planets. There is what's called cryovolcanism, So places

885
00:45:01.599 --> 00:45:04.880
<v Speaker 2>like you know, like icy moons of our outer planet,

886
00:45:04.960 --> 00:45:07.840
<v Speaker 2>So places like Enceladus in Europe and maybe have cryovolcanism,

887
00:45:07.840 --> 00:45:12.199
<v Speaker 2>which is just like a volcano, but it's it's solid

888
00:45:12.199 --> 00:45:14.960
<v Speaker 2>and liquid water instead of solid and liquid rock. No way.

889
00:45:15.199 --> 00:45:18.639
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Yeah, So when it spouts out of there, is

890
00:45:18.679 --> 00:45:22.480
<v Speaker 1>that cold? Is it hot? What's like? Is it like

891
00:45:22.559 --> 00:45:24.840
<v Speaker 1>a dome full of ice and then water is shooting

892
00:45:24.840 --> 00:45:25.400
<v Speaker 1>out of the top.

893
00:45:25.559 --> 00:45:27.679
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, and then it only freeze pretty quickly because

894
00:45:27.719 --> 00:45:31.119
<v Speaker 2>it's cold out there in the outer Solar System. But yeah,

895
00:45:31.159 --> 00:45:34.239
<v Speaker 2>it's just it's a volcano. But it's just yes, ice

896
00:45:34.239 --> 00:45:36.760
<v Speaker 2>and water, and just like you know, lava shoots out

897
00:45:36.760 --> 00:45:41.039
<v Speaker 2>of a volcano and then rapidly freezes into rock, so

898
00:45:41.119 --> 00:45:43.199
<v Speaker 2>water would shoot out of a cryovolcano and then rapidly

899
00:45:43.239 --> 00:45:45.480
<v Speaker 2>freeze back in dice. Oh my god, what is life?

900
00:45:45.599 --> 00:45:45.840
<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

901
00:45:45.880 --> 00:45:49.760
<v Speaker 1>That is so bananas. Charlotte Hunter, first time question asker

902
00:45:49.880 --> 00:45:53.400
<v Speaker 1>all right, says Native traditions in Alaska and elsewhere possess

903
00:45:53.639 --> 00:45:57.760
<v Speaker 1>rich mythologies regarding geological events. Do you know of any

904
00:45:57.800 --> 00:45:59.119
<v Speaker 1>that focus on glacier quakes?

905
00:45:59.280 --> 00:46:03.760
<v Speaker 2>I'm not exactly sure. I do know that one interesting

906
00:46:03.800 --> 00:46:07.880
<v Speaker 2>bit of indigenous knowledge and seismology is the fact that

907
00:46:07.920 --> 00:46:11.000
<v Speaker 2>the Pacific Northwest can potentially have very large earthquakes that

908
00:46:11.000 --> 00:46:15.360
<v Speaker 2>can cause tsunamis. When Westerners started interacting with indigenous peoples

909
00:46:15.360 --> 00:46:18.719
<v Speaker 2>in what is, yeah, the Pacific Northwest, they heard in

910
00:46:19.000 --> 00:46:23.360
<v Speaker 2>those people's oral traditions about stories of the ground shaking

911
00:46:23.400 --> 00:46:26.599
<v Speaker 2>and then a giant wave coming, and they thought, oh,

912
00:46:26.760 --> 00:46:29.599
<v Speaker 2>you know, look at their silly creation myths. But that

913
00:46:29.840 --> 00:46:32.800
<v Speaker 2>was actually just real oral history of past earthquakes and

914
00:46:32.840 --> 00:46:36.239
<v Speaker 2>tsunamis happening. So that's kind of one thing that folks

915
00:46:36.239 --> 00:46:38.800
<v Speaker 2>are trying to do in geoscience is making sure that

916
00:46:38.880 --> 00:46:42.000
<v Speaker 2>we're not doing our geoscientists from a colonialist perspective of

917
00:46:42.119 --> 00:46:44.639
<v Speaker 2>so I don't know specifically. I do know that glacier

918
00:46:44.679 --> 00:46:49.159
<v Speaker 2>myths feature in a lot of in a lot of

919
00:46:49.440 --> 00:46:52.519
<v Speaker 2>cultures native to areas like southeast Alaska where I work.

920
00:46:52.760 --> 00:46:54.400
<v Speaker 1>I read up on this a little, and there is

921
00:46:54.559 --> 00:46:58.639
<v Speaker 1>a First nation's idea of sentient forms of nature, and

922
00:46:58.800 --> 00:47:03.760
<v Speaker 1>glaciers in some indigenous accounts are depicted as powerful but

923
00:47:03.840 --> 00:47:08.280
<v Speaker 1>a little caddy seeking some chilly revenge for human offenses.

924
00:47:08.519 --> 00:47:12.159
<v Speaker 1>And there are adages of not frying anything with grease

925
00:47:12.400 --> 00:47:17.079
<v Speaker 1>on a glacier because the noise of crackling bacon or

926
00:47:17.119 --> 00:47:20.519
<v Speaker 1>simmering oil is thought to mimic or even mock a

927
00:47:20.559 --> 00:47:25.320
<v Speaker 1>glacier quake, possibly causing an outburst flood, which is pretty

928
00:47:25.320 --> 00:47:29.000
<v Speaker 1>bitchy and very dangerous. So tread lightly if you do

929
00:47:29.079 --> 00:47:32.840
<v Speaker 1>tread at all. Amber Lee Noel, first time question asker,

930
00:47:32.920 --> 00:47:35.280
<v Speaker 1>asks why on earth are we still allowing people to

931
00:47:35.360 --> 00:47:38.480
<v Speaker 1>commercially visit glaciers? Is it as bad for them as

932
00:47:38.519 --> 00:47:42.440
<v Speaker 1>I think it is? And Amberley lives close to Jasper

933
00:47:42.559 --> 00:47:45.360
<v Speaker 1>National Park and that has a beautiful ice field Parkway

934
00:47:45.559 --> 00:47:49.159
<v Speaker 1>and gets really sad when they notice how far it's

935
00:47:49.199 --> 00:47:52.280
<v Speaker 1>receded in the last ten years. Should tourism on glaciers

936
00:47:52.280 --> 00:47:53.760
<v Speaker 1>be allowed? Why do you feel a bad?

937
00:47:54.039 --> 00:47:57.920
<v Speaker 2>Well, So it is really cool that people can go

938
00:47:58.000 --> 00:48:00.480
<v Speaker 2>experience a glacier because as someone who has worked on glacier,

939
00:48:00.480 --> 00:48:03.639
<v Speaker 2>like experiencing them physically, being there is something that's so cool.

940
00:48:04.119 --> 00:48:07.480
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, I understand the reservations about that since it

941
00:48:07.559 --> 00:48:10.480
<v Speaker 2>is a little bit of a delicate landscape, but a

942
00:48:10.519 --> 00:48:14.800
<v Speaker 2>lot of the like when glaciers recede, it's because of

943
00:48:15.039 --> 00:48:20.360
<v Speaker 2>sort of larger scale climate effects rather than individual actions

944
00:48:20.639 --> 00:48:25.119
<v Speaker 2>like local to that area generally. So maybe less tourism

945
00:48:25.159 --> 00:48:27.719
<v Speaker 2>because that's less of a carbon footprint, but as far

946
00:48:27.760 --> 00:48:32.159
<v Speaker 2>as like you know, going to a national park and

947
00:48:32.320 --> 00:48:35.960
<v Speaker 2>admiring the glaciers that they have there, that's pretty cool.

948
00:48:36.000 --> 00:48:38.480
<v Speaker 2>And if you can do that in a low carbon way,

949
00:48:38.639 --> 00:48:40.800
<v Speaker 2>then I highly encourage you to because there's a lot

950
00:48:40.840 --> 00:48:42.719
<v Speaker 2>you can learn and it makes you it makes you

951
00:48:42.840 --> 00:48:45.679
<v Speaker 2>value those environments more. So that way you are maybe

952
00:48:45.679 --> 00:48:48.599
<v Speaker 2>a little bit more motivated to help create a world

953
00:48:48.719 --> 00:48:51.440
<v Speaker 2>where our climate is a little bit safer in the future.

954
00:48:52.159 --> 00:48:54.639
<v Speaker 1>So just some people breathing on a glacier is not

955
00:48:54.760 --> 00:48:56.519
<v Speaker 1>what is causing glacier recession?

956
00:48:56.719 --> 00:49:00.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, ok, yeah, yeah, the glacier is receding because of larger,

957
00:49:00.199 --> 00:49:03.800
<v Speaker 2>larger scale changes, right. You know that's good people at

958
00:49:03.800 --> 00:49:05.039
<v Speaker 2>the Natural Park visitor center.

959
00:49:05.320 --> 00:49:09.079
<v Speaker 1>So Amber Lenoel, you can read a little easier on that. Okay,

960
00:49:09.119 --> 00:49:12.599
<v Speaker 1>that's really interesting. We're all concerned about glaciers. I get it,

961
00:49:12.679 --> 00:49:15.880
<v Speaker 1>and so does a patron named Rot, who simply commented

962
00:49:16.360 --> 00:49:18.440
<v Speaker 1>f in the chat for all the melting or melting

963
00:49:18.440 --> 00:49:23.000
<v Speaker 1>glaciers sadface. Christina Delayer asked, is there any way to

964
00:49:23.119 --> 00:49:26.440
<v Speaker 1>reduce the pace at which glaciers are melting? Or are

965
00:49:26.480 --> 00:49:29.119
<v Speaker 1>we screwed because we've passed some kind of tipping point.

966
00:49:30.039 --> 00:49:32.239
<v Speaker 2>I do know that there is some kind of wild

967
00:49:33.159 --> 00:49:37.159
<v Speaker 2>geoengineering happening to try to preserve glaciers. So I think

968
00:49:37.199 --> 00:49:39.960
<v Speaker 2>there's a spot in the Alps where a glacier has

969
00:49:39.960 --> 00:49:44.239
<v Speaker 2>been melting, and that melts out, for example, dirt and

970
00:49:44.239 --> 00:49:46.519
<v Speaker 2>debris on the surface, and that's darker color than the ice.

971
00:49:46.599 --> 00:49:48.639
<v Speaker 2>It sucks up more heats than it melts faster, so

972
00:49:48.679 --> 00:49:51.800
<v Speaker 2>they are essentially part of the time covering it with

973
00:49:51.840 --> 00:49:54.960
<v Speaker 2>like a white tarp, like a giant like white blanket

974
00:49:55.400 --> 00:49:57.519
<v Speaker 2>to help keep it cooler. Yeah, there is some radical

975
00:49:57.519 --> 00:50:00.920
<v Speaker 2>geoengineering that people are trying to do to protect glaciers

976
00:50:00.920 --> 00:50:03.760
<v Speaker 2>that are currently being impacted by climate change.

977
00:50:03.880 --> 00:50:06.920
<v Speaker 1>One example side note is an ice stupa, which is

978
00:50:06.960 --> 00:50:12.360
<v Speaker 1>this conical artificial mini glacier formed by spouting water up

979
00:50:12.360 --> 00:50:14.679
<v Speaker 1>in the air and having it freeze into like a

980
00:50:14.719 --> 00:50:18.800
<v Speaker 1>big ice cream cone or stupa, which is a temple shape,

981
00:50:19.079 --> 00:50:20.599
<v Speaker 1>and then as it melts in the spring, the water

982
00:50:20.639 --> 00:50:23.039
<v Speaker 1>can be used by the communities. And this was invented

983
00:50:23.079 --> 00:50:27.719
<v Speaker 1>by Indian engineer and genius Sonom Wingchuk who first implemented

984
00:50:27.719 --> 00:50:31.599
<v Speaker 1>this in twenty fourteen. And just as aside, he also

985
00:50:31.960 --> 00:50:35.320
<v Speaker 1>suggests starting your day with a cold shower because it

986
00:50:35.360 --> 00:50:39.199
<v Speaker 1>makes everything else in your day seem comparatively easy and

987
00:50:39.280 --> 00:50:41.880
<v Speaker 1>it also saves a lot of energy. So someone else

988
00:50:41.920 --> 00:50:44.440
<v Speaker 1>please do this for a week and report back. Just

989
00:50:44.480 --> 00:50:47.000
<v Speaker 1>the thought of this makes my butt WinCE. A few

990
00:50:47.039 --> 00:50:50.480
<v Speaker 1>people asked about things that are hiding in the ice

991
00:50:50.480 --> 00:50:53.599
<v Speaker 1>as they melt. Ruby Ostrich asked, how screwed are we

992
00:50:53.679 --> 00:50:55.960
<v Speaker 1>by all of those bugs hiding in the ice as

993
00:50:55.960 --> 00:50:59.119
<v Speaker 1>they melt, Like, are there bacteria that are going to

994
00:50:59.239 --> 00:51:00.559
<v Speaker 1>pop out and me like surprise.

995
00:51:01.079 --> 00:51:04.159
<v Speaker 2>So you probably don't have a ton to worry about

996
00:51:04.199 --> 00:51:09.400
<v Speaker 2>with like glacier ice. But permafrost stuff melting out of permafrost,

997
00:51:09.440 --> 00:51:13.199
<v Speaker 2>which is frozen soil. Just like when the near surface

998
00:51:13.280 --> 00:51:17.440
<v Speaker 2>ground is totally frozen year round, some funky, funky stuff

999
00:51:17.480 --> 00:51:19.559
<v Speaker 2>can freeze into that, I know, and so I do

1000
00:51:19.599 --> 00:51:22.280
<v Speaker 2>think there's some concerns about, you know, what kind of

1001
00:51:22.320 --> 00:51:24.840
<v Speaker 2>bacteria or viruses might be in that. But yeah, so

1002
00:51:25.159 --> 00:51:29.239
<v Speaker 2>permafrost melting might release some funky things, probably not from

1003
00:51:29.280 --> 00:51:30.480
<v Speaker 2>just like straight glacier ice.

1004
00:51:30.679 --> 00:51:34.639
<v Speaker 1>Okay. Hailey Vanderwah has a really scientific question wants to

1005
00:51:34.639 --> 00:51:36.960
<v Speaker 1>know what you do about dry skin and cold hands,

1006
00:51:37.400 --> 00:51:40.199
<v Speaker 1>asking from Pennsylvania in February.

1007
00:51:40.679 --> 00:51:44.119
<v Speaker 2>So, where I am for my field work in southeast Alaska,

1008
00:51:44.159 --> 00:51:46.199
<v Speaker 2>We're pretty lucky because I'm there in the summers and

1009
00:51:46.239 --> 00:51:48.880
<v Speaker 2>so it's surprisingly pleasant out there. Okay, sometimes it's a

1010
00:51:48.880 --> 00:51:51.039
<v Speaker 2>little too pleasant and makes me a little bit concerned

1011
00:51:51.079 --> 00:51:53.960
<v Speaker 2>about climate change. So where I am, luckily, it's quite pleasant.

1012
00:51:53.960 --> 00:51:56.000
<v Speaker 2>But I know when people are going to even cold

1013
00:51:56.079 --> 00:51:59.880
<v Speaker 2>or colder places like Greenland and Antarca, they do take very

1014
00:52:00.079 --> 00:52:03.639
<v Speaker 2>seriously bundling up and yeah, making sure that everybody is

1015
00:52:03.679 --> 00:52:07.519
<v Speaker 2>staying safe and healthy in very cold conditions is serious

1016
00:52:07.559 --> 00:52:10.800
<v Speaker 2>business for folks working in any any outdoor environment.

1017
00:52:10.960 --> 00:52:13.440
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, what kind of moisturizer? What kind of hand creamy?

1018
00:52:14.519 --> 00:52:17.119
<v Speaker 2>I definitely bring a vasaline kay lips because I guess

1019
00:52:17.119 --> 00:52:20.840
<v Speaker 2>super dry lips, but just regular old drugstore lotion. It

1020
00:52:20.880 --> 00:52:25.000
<v Speaker 2>gets me in the summers in Alaska, so my moll could.

1021
00:52:25.559 --> 00:52:27.480
<v Speaker 1>Several people asked if you have a favorite glacier.

1022
00:52:28.639 --> 00:52:31.199
<v Speaker 2>I think my favorite glacier is the first glacier that

1023
00:52:31.239 --> 00:52:33.760
<v Speaker 2>I did fieldwork on, which is Lemon Creek Glacier in

1024
00:52:33.840 --> 00:52:36.360
<v Speaker 2>southeast Alaska. It's just outside of you now, but then yeah,

1025
00:52:36.360 --> 00:52:39.079
<v Speaker 2>I've also done work on Tacu Glacier, So Tacu Glacier

1026
00:52:39.079 --> 00:52:39.960
<v Speaker 2>has my heart as well.

1027
00:52:40.360 --> 00:52:43.760
<v Speaker 1>Taco Glacier side note is a thirty six mile long

1028
00:52:43.800 --> 00:52:48.079
<v Speaker 1>boy in Alaska. What's the shittiest thing about being a cryossismologist?

1029
00:52:48.280 --> 00:52:50.320
<v Speaker 2>So I thought about this because I know you asked,

1030
00:52:50.360 --> 00:52:53.800
<v Speaker 2>like what's the best and what was yeah, and I

1031
00:52:53.920 --> 00:52:56.400
<v Speaker 2>kind of came up with like they're sort of like

1032
00:52:56.440 --> 00:52:58.880
<v Speaker 2>the same thing is both the best and the worst.

1033
00:52:59.000 --> 00:53:01.239
<v Speaker 2>So like work is kind of the best and the

1034
00:53:01.280 --> 00:53:04.519
<v Speaker 2>worst because it's the best because it's like really just

1035
00:53:04.639 --> 00:53:09.280
<v Speaker 2>amazing to be out in such a cool environment, Like

1036
00:53:09.320 --> 00:53:12.599
<v Speaker 2>it's phenomenal, but also like it kind of sucks because

1037
00:53:12.719 --> 00:53:15.199
<v Speaker 2>it's a high pressure situation. In some ways, you have

1038
00:53:15.239 --> 00:53:17.440
<v Speaker 2>to really make sure that you're getting everything done exactly

1039
00:53:17.519 --> 00:53:21.039
<v Speaker 2>right because there's not really take backs in the field

1040
00:53:21.079 --> 00:53:22.519
<v Speaker 2>because it costs a lot to get you there and

1041
00:53:22.559 --> 00:53:24.519
<v Speaker 2>you're trying to do everything, like you know, you're doing

1042
00:53:24.599 --> 00:53:27.679
<v Speaker 2>it live. We'll do it live. And yeah, it's also remote,

1043
00:53:27.719 --> 00:53:30.719
<v Speaker 2>so if like you know, if something breaks, then you

1044
00:53:30.760 --> 00:53:34.239
<v Speaker 2>are you don't have the exact size of screwdriver to

1045
00:53:34.280 --> 00:53:35.960
<v Speaker 2>fix it, then you just got to figure it out.

1046
00:53:36.960 --> 00:53:39.800
<v Speaker 2>So it's really cool, but it's also like it's stressful

1047
00:53:39.840 --> 00:53:41.440
<v Speaker 2>in some ways. You really have to make sure you

1048
00:53:41.440 --> 00:53:42.960
<v Speaker 2>get it right. So that's kind of the best and

1049
00:53:43.000 --> 00:53:46.119
<v Speaker 2>the worst. The best is just existing in those environments,

1050
00:53:46.119 --> 00:53:47.800
<v Speaker 2>and then the worst is the kind of pressure that.

1051
00:53:47.719 --> 00:53:50.639
<v Speaker 1>Goes with that. What do you love the most about seismology?

1052
00:53:52.360 --> 00:53:54.320
<v Speaker 2>So the thing that I love most about seismology in

1053
00:53:54.360 --> 00:53:58.079
<v Speaker 2>general is that people are very interested in it. So

1054
00:53:58.199 --> 00:54:00.360
<v Speaker 2>when people find out I'm a seismologist, want to tell

1055
00:54:00.400 --> 00:54:02.079
<v Speaker 2>me about an earthquake they felt, And I love hearing

1056
00:54:02.079 --> 00:54:04.280
<v Speaker 2>those stories. It's like really cool to hear the ways

1057
00:54:04.280 --> 00:54:06.599
<v Speaker 2>that different people have experienced earthquakes. You know, they told

1058
00:54:06.599 --> 00:54:07.760
<v Speaker 2>me about the one that they felt when they were

1059
00:54:07.760 --> 00:54:09.239
<v Speaker 2>a kid. They'll tell me about the one they felt,

1060
00:54:09.280 --> 00:54:11.480
<v Speaker 2>you know, a couple months ago or something. It's cool

1061
00:54:11.480 --> 00:54:13.760
<v Speaker 2>to hear people stories. And it's also cool to like

1062
00:54:14.119 --> 00:54:18.039
<v Speaker 2>help bust some myths about seismology. Remind people that know,

1063
00:54:18.519 --> 00:54:20.639
<v Speaker 2>nobody can be predicting earthquakes. No, there's no such thing

1064
00:54:20.639 --> 00:54:24.880
<v Speaker 2>as earthquake weather. No, we don't know when the next

1065
00:54:24.920 --> 00:54:27.079
<v Speaker 2>one will be, and we're hiding it like there's there's

1066
00:54:27.159 --> 00:54:30.159
<v Speaker 2>there's all kinds of there's all kinds of myths about seismology.

1067
00:54:30.199 --> 00:54:32.320
<v Speaker 2>So I really like just that it's a science that

1068
00:54:32.360 --> 00:54:35.519
<v Speaker 2>a lot of people are interested in just in general.

1069
00:54:36.519 --> 00:54:39.079
<v Speaker 1>Oh and what is the best gear to have? Is

1070
00:54:39.119 --> 00:54:42.239
<v Speaker 1>it ear muffs, a ski mask, a cape?

1071
00:54:42.519 --> 00:54:45.440
<v Speaker 2>The important thing is the waterproof pants, I think really

1072
00:54:45.599 --> 00:54:49.119
<v Speaker 2>the essential field item. Without waterproof pants, you are suck.

1073
00:54:49.280 --> 00:54:52.920
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, a good jacket and the waterproof pants are

1074
00:54:53.000 --> 00:54:55.519
<v Speaker 2>are are the real game change our latch.

1075
00:54:55.880 --> 00:54:58.760
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, this is amazing. Thank you so much for doing this.

1076
00:54:58.960 --> 00:55:00.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, thanks for having me.

1077
00:55:01.559 --> 00:55:05.440
<v Speaker 1>So ask smart people your stupidest questions. I swear I

1078
00:55:05.480 --> 00:55:08.719
<v Speaker 1>have done this thousands of times. No one has thrown

1079
00:55:08.760 --> 00:55:11.440
<v Speaker 1>a shoe at me yet. It's glorious. So to learn

1080
00:55:11.480 --> 00:55:14.199
<v Speaker 1>more about Celeste Lebed's work, you can follow her on

1081
00:55:14.239 --> 00:55:19.159
<v Speaker 1>Twitter or Instagram at Celeste Labed's l A B E DZ.

1082
00:55:19.800 --> 00:55:23.840
<v Speaker 1>And we are at Ologies on Twitter and Instagram. Please

1083
00:55:23.880 --> 00:55:27.079
<v Speaker 1>do befriend us. I'm on both at Ali Ward with

1084
00:55:27.119 --> 00:55:30.679
<v Speaker 1>one L. We have an Ologies podcast Facebook group full

1085
00:55:30.719 --> 00:55:34.039
<v Speaker 1>of very cool human people sharing weird science stories. Thank

1086
00:55:34.079 --> 00:55:37.119
<v Speaker 1>you Aaron Talbert for admiting that and for hats and

1087
00:55:37.199 --> 00:55:41.239
<v Speaker 1>pins and tots and such. Hit upologiesmerch dot com, which

1088
00:55:41.280 --> 00:55:44.159
<v Speaker 1>is admined by Shannon Feltus and Bonnie Dutch of the

1089
00:55:44.199 --> 00:55:47.360
<v Speaker 1>podcast You Are That, and assistant editing was done by

1090
00:55:47.400 --> 00:55:50.599
<v Speaker 1>Jarrett Sleeper of the podcast Make Good, Bad Brain. And

1091
00:55:50.679 --> 00:55:53.400
<v Speaker 1>thank you to the rock that is Stephen Ray Morris,

1092
00:55:53.400 --> 00:55:57.599
<v Speaker 1>who hosts a Dinosaur Slash, Laura durn podcast, c Jurassic Wright,

1093
00:55:57.960 --> 00:56:01.119
<v Speaker 1>and a kiddie podcast The per Cast. Nick Thorburn of

1094
00:56:01.159 --> 00:56:03.920
<v Speaker 1>band Islands wrote and performed the theme song. And if

1095
00:56:03.960 --> 00:56:06.639
<v Speaker 1>you listen to the end, you know that I reward

1096
00:56:06.920 --> 00:56:09.480
<v Speaker 1>and burden you with a secret for my soul. And

1097
00:56:09.480 --> 00:56:13.639
<v Speaker 1>this week's secret is that I'm in Chicago. It's very cold,

1098
00:56:13.679 --> 00:56:18.440
<v Speaker 1>and I'm here for Cherit's grandfather's memorial service, and we

1099
00:56:18.440 --> 00:56:21.800
<v Speaker 1>were celebrating his life by gathering in his favorite local

1100
00:56:21.880 --> 00:56:26.599
<v Speaker 1>watering hole, and I was offered a shot of Jepson's Malort,

1101
00:56:26.880 --> 00:56:30.239
<v Speaker 1>which if you are from Chicago, you know this is

1102
00:56:30.840 --> 00:56:36.000
<v Speaker 1>a local tonic that uh Chicagoans muster through with pride.

1103
00:56:36.119 --> 00:56:38.920
<v Speaker 1>And we had a shot of malort in his honor,

1104
00:56:38.960 --> 00:56:43.400
<v Speaker 1>and it tasted kind of like herbs and vanilla going down,

1105
00:56:43.480 --> 00:56:45.480
<v Speaker 1>and then it had this after taste, like a bitter

1106
00:56:46.480 --> 00:56:48.239
<v Speaker 1>after taste, and I was trying to figure out what

1107
00:56:48.880 --> 00:56:51.440
<v Speaker 1>it was, like grapefruit or something, and then I realized

1108
00:56:51.480 --> 00:56:54.920
<v Speaker 1>what it reminded me of, and it was bile. Anyway

1109
00:56:55.119 --> 00:56:57.639
<v Speaker 1>to Chicago, I also ate a hot dog and I'm

1110
00:56:57.679 --> 00:56:59.559
<v Speaker 1>so sorry, but I did put ketchup on it. I

1111
00:56:59.679 --> 00:57:02.480
<v Speaker 1>record this under a desk in an Airbnb because I

1112
00:57:02.519 --> 00:57:04.840
<v Speaker 1>want to get it to you asap. Okay, bye bye.

1113
00:57:05.000 --> 00:57:18.159
<v Speaker 3>Pacodermatology, hobiology or do zoology, lithology, new technology, meteorology, pedatology, nathology, seriology, elidology.

1114
00:57:25.159 --> 00:57:26.719
<v Speaker 1>What killed the dinosaurs?

1115
00:57:27.320 --> 00:57:27.880
<v Speaker 3>They is a