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<v Speaker 1>Are you looking for a good union job? The Inland Empires,

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<v Speaker 2>Listina KCAA Lewelinda at one O six point five FMK

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<v Speaker 2>two ninety three CF Brino Valley.

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<v Speaker 3>The information economy as a rod. The world is teeming

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<v Speaker 3>with innovation as new business models reinvent.

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<v Speaker 4>Every industry industry.

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<v Speaker 3>Inside Analysis is your source of information and insights about

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<v Speaker 3>how to make the most of this exciting new era.

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<v Speaker 3>Learn more at inside analysis dot comsideanalysis dot com. And

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<v Speaker 3>now here's your host, Eric Kavanaugh.

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<v Speaker 5>Hello, and welcome to Inside Analysis. I'm your host and

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<v Speaker 5>Yell LeBlanc. On this episode, Eric Kavanaugh is interviewing Alex Galago,

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<v Speaker 5>who's the CEO of Red Panda Data. Together, they will

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<v Speaker 5>talk through the new landscape of LMS and how the

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<v Speaker 5>innovation of AI is affecting companies all around. Stay tuned,

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<v Speaker 5>you're listening to inside Analysis.

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<v Speaker 6>I'd like to dig deeper into Red Panda.

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<v Speaker 7>I mean, I know you've you've basically rewritten the whole

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<v Speaker 7>platform to do streaming, to do it efficiently, because Java

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<v Speaker 7>is not very efficient, right, So you said, well, just

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<v Speaker 7>go to the drawing board and hack this thing out.

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<v Speaker 6>How long did it take you to do that?

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<v Speaker 8>Beca In many ways it feels.

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<v Speaker 9>It felt to me like it was a natural evolution of,

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<v Speaker 9>you know, decades of work. While I was in school,

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<v Speaker 9>I took a job at a Forks trading company and

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<v Speaker 9>I really got sort of introduced to a bunch of

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<v Speaker 9>low latency things and how do markets work? And I

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<v Speaker 9>ended up writing some some trading algorithms in a weird

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<v Speaker 9>language called MQL four. It's like this weird obscure language,

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<v Speaker 9>kind of Jenkie, to be honest, very Python like, but

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<v Speaker 9>not at school. And then I wrote it at a

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<v Speaker 9>bunch of trading apps on this thing called pips, and

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<v Speaker 9>a pip is like whatever, like one hundred dollars or

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<v Speaker 9>something like that, just like some really large spread. But

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<v Speaker 9>you want to deal in terms of bacurns. This long

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<v Speaker 9>story sort, that's where I really started to kind of

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<v Speaker 9>lean into things that I found really fun, which were

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<v Speaker 9>like low latency, high performance things. And so then I

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<v Speaker 9>went to work for an Attech. I guess when I graduated,

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<v Speaker 9>I worked in an embedded database and I worked on

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<v Speaker 9>the greed this is for the BlackBerry phone. We wrote

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<v Speaker 9>this like c parsing code where we were pulling this

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<v Speaker 9>like three dimensional database into a series of doubles because

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<v Speaker 9>it was really efficient to encode for I think open VMS,

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<v Speaker 9>and so we wrote the color coding on the S

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<v Speaker 9>and P five hundred table with like dynamic rendering. That

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<v Speaker 9>was really cool and so long story short, when I

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<v Speaker 9>think about the evolution of red Panda, it felt to

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<v Speaker 9>me like the natural evolution of the ideas that I

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<v Speaker 9>had worked on, which went to be an Attech in

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<v Speaker 9>New York for a company called Yildmo, and then for

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<v Speaker 9>a stream processing company that I wrote the tech for

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<v Speaker 9>in twenty fourteen through twenty sixteen that I sold to Akamai.

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<v Speaker 9>And so anyways, in many ways, it was like, why

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<v Speaker 9>is the world so complicated? Why does it have to

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<v Speaker 9>be so hard? And everyone that has been on call

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<v Speaker 9>and you know, usually your page I goes up at

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<v Speaker 9>three am. I don't know why, but it's like somewhere

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<v Speaker 9>around that time. It's like though, it's when you're like

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<v Speaker 9>writing your deep sleep and you get paid and then

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<v Speaker 9>you wake up and you're like, I don't understand why

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<v Speaker 9>this is so complicated.

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<v Speaker 8>And so.

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<v Speaker 9>It was like, well, why couldn't we do better? Like

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<v Speaker 9>what's what's the mechanical reason? Like, okay, let's remove all

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<v Speaker 9>the hype. I just want to understand fundamentally, what is

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<v Speaker 9>the job that this software is doing that is so

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<v Speaker 9>hard that requires it to be so complicated. It turned

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<v Speaker 9>out not to be that difficult, frankly, and so I

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<v Speaker 9>wrote something from a scratch really for me, and I

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<v Speaker 9>left Akamai I think December twenty eighteen somewhere around there,

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<v Speaker 9>like basically, and I started writing Red Panda in January.

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<v Speaker 9>But I would say I had a like a pretty

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<v Speaker 9>clear goal and so it was just a matter of

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<v Speaker 9>writing the code. And so that part didn't take that long,

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<v Speaker 9>maybe like three months to have a prototype, a couple

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<v Speaker 9>of months to have something well that that works interesting.

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<v Speaker 7>And of course the world has just sped up in

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<v Speaker 7>all directions around us. Now, so we're all kind of

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<v Speaker 7>riding this new wave. And you know, when I think

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<v Speaker 7>about streaming, I've always i mean from the earliest days,

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<v Speaker 7>I was like, oh my goodness, if you do this right,

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<v Speaker 7>you can just you can supersede ancient architectures or what

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<v Speaker 7>should be viewed as ancient architectures. But you have to

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<v Speaker 7>do the whole thing. It's like when you try to

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<v Speaker 7>fuse these two worlds together, that's where the impedance mismatch

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<v Speaker 7>kicks into high gear and you've got to figure out

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<v Speaker 7>some way.

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<v Speaker 6>I mean, you know, I.

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<v Speaker 7>Heard stories of at Vertica where they were taking all

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<v Speaker 7>kinds of streaming dages just like filling it out into

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<v Speaker 7>you know, a traditional database, and you know it's a

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<v Speaker 7>column oriented database of course, but still it's like, Okay,

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<v Speaker 7>you know, do you need all that? Like is that

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<v Speaker 7>really really necessary? And the short answer, of course is no,

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<v Speaker 7>not really. But you know, for for like net new

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<v Speaker 7>use cases, I think you guys would be a dream, right,

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<v Speaker 7>But in traditional architectures do you find that's kind of

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<v Speaker 7>a hindrance is that the behemistic are the big fortune

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<v Speaker 7>two thousand companies They just you know, they're like, oh

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<v Speaker 7>my god, like can we even handle this is that?

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<v Speaker 7>Is that still a hurdle or do you see more

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<v Speaker 7>people figuring it out and just architecting around it.

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<v Speaker 8>Yeah, good question. So on for that that's really our

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<v Speaker 8>sweet spot.

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<v Speaker 9>I know it's counterintuitive because it's like, Okay, well here's

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<v Speaker 9>this you know, startup. But the brands that we work

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<v Speaker 9>with are like, you know, probably drove you to work today.

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<v Speaker 9>I guess if you work from home, maybe not, but

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<v Speaker 9>for those of you that commute to work, like you know,

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<v Speaker 9>whether it's like the largest electric car company, the largest

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<v Speaker 9>city and largest bank in the US, largest like iced

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<v Speaker 9>B in Europe, one of the largest banks in Australia, whatever.

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<v Speaker 9>When you look at the brands that we tend to

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<v Speaker 9>work with there, they tend to be this this fortune

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<v Speaker 9>two thousand and I think fundamentally what happened is twofold

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<v Speaker 9>one AI has definitely accelerated the pace at which people

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<v Speaker 9>are wanting to move towards a more interactive architectures. That's

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<v Speaker 9>why too people realize that really the log is the

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<v Speaker 9>source of truth in an architecture and databases are caches.

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<v Speaker 9>And I think this wasn't my idea was it was

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<v Speaker 9>popularized by Amazon They're like the log is the source

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<v Speaker 9>of truth and everything else is just the cash and

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<v Speaker 9>so uh and I guess you know, third where when

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<v Speaker 9>we started talking about Iceberg and so on, people are like,

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<v Speaker 9>finally I get finally all the blocks. Uh you know,

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<v Speaker 9>queny when you put the final piece on your lego,

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<v Speaker 9>it's just like it looks beautiful and it works. Is

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<v Speaker 9>when you can start to glue analytics, which is the

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<v Speaker 9>look looking behind the present, which is really what Redpana

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<v Speaker 9>is with with Apachi Iceberg as the glue, and then

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<v Speaker 9>the future with autonomous decision making with with agents by

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<v Speaker 9>carrying context. I was like, now I think people understand

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<v Speaker 9>the timeline horizon of how an application works, and so

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<v Speaker 9>we're seeing the opposite. We're seeing actually acceleration in the

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<v Speaker 9>fortune two thousands or five thousand really more more then

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<v Speaker 9>I sell early on. And I don't know if it's

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<v Speaker 9>a function of brand. Maybe we have better marketing, Like

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<v Speaker 9>it's kind of hard to tell, and I don't want

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<v Speaker 9>to like a you know, correlate and or incorrect assumptions here.

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<v Speaker 9>And so I think fundamentally where if you were to

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<v Speaker 9>ask me, what's like your gut, I think is the

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<v Speaker 9>world is thinking about applications differently in large because of

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<v Speaker 9>AI and in that world, red Panda place a critical role.

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<v Speaker 9>And I'm not sure, you know, in the context of

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<v Speaker 9>our by C for example, there there's like a.

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<v Speaker 8>You know, many alternatives.

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<v Speaker 7>You know, you just reminded me of something. And I

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<v Speaker 7>haven't read too much about this. And We've talked about

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<v Speaker 7>streaming for years. I've talked about streaming for many, many years.

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<v Speaker 6>There's MQ series.

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<v Speaker 7>There's all kinds of things in the past that were streaming, right,

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<v Speaker 7>It's like little message cues basically MQ series all kinds

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<v Speaker 7>of different message cues, which is kind of what's streaming.

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<v Speaker 6>Is that that's the category that's in.

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<v Speaker 7>But to your point, there is a maturation now in

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<v Speaker 7>the environment, and I'm thinking to myself, this is a

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<v Speaker 7>real time application architecture, right. That's what it really boils

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<v Speaker 7>down to is like, guys, look, you want an application

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<v Speaker 7>that does something. What is the fuel that's going to

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<v Speaker 7>use to do that something. Is it going to be

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<v Speaker 7>a traditional static database which is the traditional way of

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<v Speaker 7>doing things, in which case, guess what, that database will

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<v Speaker 7>slow you down, Like sooner or later, it's going to

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<v Speaker 7>slow you down either because it's going slowly, or things

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<v Speaker 7>that attached to it are going slowly. But the point

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<v Speaker 7>is that this just ever ever growing ballast. If you

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<v Speaker 7>kind of look at it in a certain way, do

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<v Speaker 7>you really want that? And I think that's your answer

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<v Speaker 7>is no, not really. What you want is for your

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<v Speaker 7>apps to use real time data that is live right now,

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<v Speaker 7>that is interactive with the users or the partners or whatever.

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<v Speaker 7>And that's what you're enabling, right It's a real time

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<v Speaker 7>application architecture.

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<v Speaker 8>Yeah, and so I think two comments.

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<v Speaker 9>The first comment is that I think the reason why

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<v Speaker 9>database is not enough is because you lose data. And

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<v Speaker 9>so set another way, you need the highest fidelity of

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<v Speaker 9>the data to be able to reconstruct a different materialization

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<v Speaker 9>of your data. And so if your data it's in

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<v Speaker 9>a relational database, let me give you the example is

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<v Speaker 9>average sales price and so or like the price of

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<v Speaker 9>the last ticker symbol and ice that that's probably a

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<v Speaker 9>better example. The amount of data that is flown with

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<v Speaker 9>every tick of that symbol as it's being traded is tremendous.

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<v Speaker 9>But when you ask a database, it gives you one

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<v Speaker 9>killer by the data vice like this is the company name,

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<v Speaker 9>this is the ticker symbol whatever. This is some price,

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<v Speaker 9>but the amount of input to the database could be

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<v Speaker 9>a gigaby per second. And so what happens is you

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<v Speaker 9>lose data, right like fundamentally it is it is a

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<v Speaker 9>lossy compression algorithm almost right, like you're sending your data,

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<v Speaker 9>but you're only querying the last point in time. And

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<v Speaker 9>so that's what the databases are. And so I think

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<v Speaker 9>it is limiting less from like particular you know, I

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<v Speaker 9>think through put databases have gotten really good at throughput costly,

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<v Speaker 9>you know, so maybe the other limit is dollars, but

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<v Speaker 9>they I think that now modern databases are pretty good

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<v Speaker 9>at handling the throughput latency not not so good. And

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<v Speaker 9>so but it's more fundamentally it's about like you're losing

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<v Speaker 9>access to the real data. And so what happens is

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<v Speaker 9>it forces the architect and engineer to have like, uh,

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<v Speaker 9>computed all of the ways in which they wanted their

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<v Speaker 9>data before they write an application. And what the log

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<v Speaker 9>gives you is freedom. You're like, well, I want to

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<v Speaker 9>store it in a really cheap storage. They's say S

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<v Speaker 9>three or something like that compatible and then today is

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<v Speaker 9>stick pulling, then tomorrow could be whatever. Elastic could be

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<v Speaker 9>whatever it is, and so that freedom is just key

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<v Speaker 9>I think. For that's where I see like the biggest

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<v Speaker 9>pillar from an architectural perspective.

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<v Speaker 6>That's very interesting.

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<v Speaker 9>And then for AI thought that changes a little bit too.

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<v Speaker 9>But that's about way for a second.

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<v Speaker 6>Yeah, what then what do you mean by that?

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<v Speaker 9>So Okay, Historically, I think we talked about the challenges

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<v Speaker 9>of picking a database. Yes, in old school databases, perhaps scale,

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<v Speaker 9>uh you know, on throughput and latency those for limitation.

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<v Speaker 9>In modern cloud databases, I think throughput is okay. Latency

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<v Speaker 9>is still not great and so maybe for some use

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<v Speaker 9>cases does tend it to be. But we talked about

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<v Speaker 9>like the architectural primitives that you get when you adopt

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<v Speaker 9>the law as the source of truth.

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<v Speaker 8>What happens is when.

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<v Speaker 9>I'm going to define an agent as like an object

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<v Speaker 9>with an L l M right, and so for simplicity

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<v Speaker 9>and when you have these things, uh, what I guess

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<v Speaker 9>the future is going to be about this autonomous decision making.

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<v Speaker 9>And so if you look at a timeline t and

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<v Speaker 9>you say analytics stuff like data breaks and so on.

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<v Speaker 9>They were all about looking at the past, help me

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<v Speaker 9>do my job better. Where during best sellers, what region

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<v Speaker 9>is the best producing region, what product is the best

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<v Speaker 9>producing product? What should be my average sales price?

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<v Speaker 10>Right?

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<v Speaker 9>Like, help me do what I do better by looking

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<v Speaker 9>at the past. That's analytics. Red Panda has been classically

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<v Speaker 9>and we'll talk about NX about like being the best

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<v Speaker 9>operational system in the world. Right, So if you're running

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<v Speaker 9>your system and you depend let's say you're trying to

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<v Speaker 9>protect white house that go from getting taken down by

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<v Speaker 9>North Korea bots or something like that, you need to

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<v Speaker 9>know the movement of IPAs around the world, or maybe

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<v Speaker 9>you're trying to track fraud detection or whatever. So that's

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<v Speaker 9>the present. That's the operational sense. The future is about

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<v Speaker 9>carrying the context of the past and presents so that

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<v Speaker 9>this code can make autonomous decision for you. And so

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<v Speaker 9>let me let me can now loop all the timelines past,

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<v Speaker 9>present and future. And so the past and present are

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<v Speaker 9>going to be bridged by technologies like apati Iceberg, which

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<v Speaker 9>is a way to have a zero shot integrations with

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<v Speaker 9>all the query systems, and so that that's an important

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<v Speaker 9>tig piece and streaming engines will play a second. So

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<v Speaker 9>that's where streaming engines play super critical role. Is just

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<v Speaker 9>exposing the data in a way that is accessible for

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<v Speaker 9>many many tools, right doctor B ClickHouse, right like red

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<v Speaker 9>pand or whatever Pinot trino U. Basically just about every

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<v Speaker 9>data bas is going to speak Iceberg. So that's that's

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<v Speaker 9>a critical road for streaming engines. And then for the future,

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<v Speaker 9>it's about carrying context for the agents to do their job.

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<v Speaker 9>And so let's say that the job of an agent

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<v Speaker 9>is to determine yes or no to a credit card

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<v Speaker 9>transaction or a credit or a crediting period or whatever

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<v Speaker 9>you need to give it cont and so think of

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<v Speaker 9>a self driving car, right, Like you need to carry

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<v Speaker 9>the context, either like the images or the previous five

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<v Speaker 9>transactions or some sort of windows so that the agent

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<v Speaker 9>can make a decision. So as part of the prompt,

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<v Speaker 9>you can tell the agent, Hey, is this or is

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<v Speaker 9>this not a credit card transaction?

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<v Speaker 8>These are Alex's last five.

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<v Speaker 9>Credit card transactions and he just bought a bagel in

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<v Speaker 9>San Francisco. So if it gets transacted in the UK, like,

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<v Speaker 9>obviously market has fraud, and give me the explanation so

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<v Speaker 9>I can render it on the screen. Right, And so

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<v Speaker 9>I think that that's why streaming engines are seeing in acceleration,

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<v Speaker 9>one as a glue to analytics and the present with Iceberg,

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<v Speaker 9>and then second as a way to carry context for

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<v Speaker 9>this autonomous decision making.

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<v Speaker 7>So I'm trying to processes my brain, right. So when

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<v Speaker 7>you have, like with cough gets topics, right, you have

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<v Speaker 7>topics that are streaming and you can choose which ones

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<v Speaker 7>you pull together in any given point in time as

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<v Speaker 7>I recall, and that be comes the fabric or the

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<v Speaker 7>context that you're talking about.

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<v Speaker 6>So here you're.

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<v Speaker 7>Talking about getting context from log files basically from systems

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<v Speaker 7>that are important to this particular potential transaction. And what

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<v Speaker 7>you're talking about is allowing the agent to be a

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<v Speaker 7>much more adaptive and real time semi autonomous entity that

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<v Speaker 7>will absorb context and just make a decision quickly. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 7>Like that's the idea, is that? So you've in a sense,

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<v Speaker 7>you've deconstructed the traditional data flow that goes into an

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<v Speaker 7>application which makes a decision. Because to your point, like

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<v Speaker 7>all the Stata warehousing, that's my background, it's all the

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<v Speaker 7>Stata warehousing stuff, right, you do ELT and et and

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<v Speaker 7>all this stuff.

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<v Speaker 6>You get into this.

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<v Speaker 7>Big central repository, which we did because they figured out

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<v Speaker 7>that you couldn't really query an ERP It's not what

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<v Speaker 7>it was designed for. And besides, what you want to

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<v Speaker 7>do is know how all this stuff relates to each other.

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<v Speaker 7>That's where the magic is, right, is how all these

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<v Speaker 7>different pieces of data relate. And so with red Panda,

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<v Speaker 7>what you've done is expedited the process of feeding the

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<v Speaker 7>important bits from important systems into a real time context,

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<v Speaker 7>which the agents can then grasp as needed.

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<v Speaker 6>Is that right?

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<v Speaker 9>So it's cool about red Panda From an engineer perspective,

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<v Speaker 9>it's basically most of our code is in the open, uh.

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<v Speaker 9>And so we will link an example here of what

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<v Speaker 9>I mean, like a simple concise yamal file so people

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<v Speaker 9>can just like see the whole thing put together and

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<v Speaker 9>it becomes like really becomes something that they can, like

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<v Speaker 9>they can run on their laptop.

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<v Speaker 8>But that's exactly right. And so.

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<v Speaker 9>First of all, I think it's worth it just to

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<v Speaker 9>share like maybe a little bit of redpan So we

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<v Speaker 9>did start red pandas is like you know, high performance

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<v Speaker 9>storage engine. And the idea is like if we adapt

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<v Speaker 9>to how.

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<v Speaker 8>The hardware is. Right, so.

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<v Speaker 9>Most most software just operates on like you know, a

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<v Speaker 9>tremendous amounts of layers of abstraction, and you'll loose performance

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<v Speaker 9>with every layer because you're generalizing things. And so when

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<v Speaker 9>I started a red panel's like, what if we just

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<v Speaker 9>adapt to how hardware works, and if you go all

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<v Speaker 9>the way down to even like core to core coherency protocols,

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<v Speaker 9>so you have you know core they say L zero

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<v Speaker 9>or you know zero to one on a dual core system,

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<v Speaker 9>single socket, right, so single motherboard. We don't have to

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<v Speaker 9>complicate the picture with multiple sockets on a motherboard, but

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<v Speaker 9>one motherboard you have one on one chip and the

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<v Speaker 9>chip has two dual core right when you go down there,

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<v Speaker 9>when you're talking about memory coherency protocol, it's all message passing.

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<v Speaker 9>And the insight here from hardware manufacturing people is that

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<v Speaker 9>you could do a bunch of useful work if you

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<v Speaker 9>don't block, right, And so if you adopt a similar

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<v Speaker 9>software architecture where it's all message passing, you can yield

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<v Speaker 9>at points of blocking and then you can let the

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<v Speaker 9>CPU do a lot more useful work.

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<v Speaker 6>And so that's really interesting. Folks, don't touch it. That

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<v Speaker 6>will be right back.

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<v Speaker 11>You were listening to inside Analysis.

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<v Speaker 3>Welcome back to inside Analysis. Here's your host, Eric tabanac.

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<v Speaker 9>Red pand that runs on a network of ny square

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<v Speaker 9>single producer, single consumer, lock free cues that acts as

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<v Speaker 9>mailboxes for every core. And you can assume that every

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<v Speaker 9>core is like an actor system on a super relatency network.

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<v Speaker 9>And so when you embrace that, by the way, you

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<v Speaker 9>get a simple concurrency I guess software structure and a

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<v Speaker 9>simple parallelism uh deployment and so anyways, performance and this

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<v Speaker 9>is like one of my favorite topics to talk about.

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<v Speaker 9>I want to stop us here because this could be

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<v Speaker 9>a two hour call where we like dig super deep

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<v Speaker 9>into the mechanics of.

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<v Speaker 6>The This is so interesting for lots of different ways.

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<v Speaker 7>I mean, I've been around this business a lot of time,

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<v Speaker 7>so I learned from all sorts of different vendors about

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<v Speaker 7>different things they're doing, and it's always very interesting. But

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<v Speaker 7>in the recent past, meaning six seven months ago, I

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<v Speaker 7>ran into a company called hammer Space.

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<v Speaker 6>Are you familiar with hammer Space that I mentioned those guys.

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<v Speaker 7>You need to look into these guys, I mean, because

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<v Speaker 7>they are thinking in a very similar way that you're thinking.

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<v Speaker 7>They went out what they do. They're a parallel file system.

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<v Speaker 7>So this is big in the HPC world for life

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<v Speaker 7>sciences and training models. They're actually training a LAMA two

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<v Speaker 7>and LAMA three, so they're being used to deliver the

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<v Speaker 7>data to the CPU, and they did something that was

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<v Speaker 7>so damn clever it blew my mind. He talked about

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<v Speaker 7>how in the average AI training architecture, data has to

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<v Speaker 7>make eleven hops to go from where it is to

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<v Speaker 7>the GPU. It's like controller nodes and different things like

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<v Speaker 7>that in the storage environment, the network, all these different

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<v Speaker 7>steps along the way, but still that's eleven freaking hops.

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<v Speaker 6>So they talked.

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<v Speaker 7>About how I think it's vast to cut off one

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<v Speaker 7>hop and cumulo cut off two hops.

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<v Speaker 6>Maybe, but these guys.

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<v Speaker 7>Were able to figure out by affinitizing the processing to

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<v Speaker 7>where the GPU server, which has built in flash memory

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<v Speaker 7>that often gets ignored. They call that stranded capacity basically

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<v Speaker 7>because a lot of times companies will want to just

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<v Speaker 7>have all their governance protocols and security around the storage

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<v Speaker 7>array and they don't want to have to try to

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<v Speaker 7>figure that out on the GPU array as well, right,

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<v Speaker 7>so it's these two separate worlds. Well, they figured out

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<v Speaker 7>how to affinitize that to where when the processor knows

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<v Speaker 7>that the data is on this machine, Well, I don't

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<v Speaker 7>even have to go to the network. I don't have

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<v Speaker 7>to go to a storage around Look anywhere is right here.

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<v Speaker 7>So they've adopted done to four hops from eleven. And

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<v Speaker 7>if we're talking about training billions of parameters on these models, well,

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<v Speaker 7>guess what, like cutting the hops by almost two thirds

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<v Speaker 7>is kind of a big deal, right the governments thing

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<v Speaker 7>you talked about, And they went out and they got

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<v Speaker 7>two of the best developers from the Linux kernel to

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<v Speaker 7>work on it, such that this is native Linux now.

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<v Speaker 7>So in other words, a lot of times these sort

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<v Speaker 7>of accelerators you have to put little agents everywhere in

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<v Speaker 7>order to make that happen. It's about a software not here.

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<v Speaker 7>And what they did is they abstracted all the metadata

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<v Speaker 7>management around file systems into this layer above, thus opening

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<v Speaker 7>up this massive data path underneath, so you can orchestrate

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<v Speaker 7>data wherever you want it to go, and that's all

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<v Speaker 7>handled in this hammer space abstraction layer, such that below

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<v Speaker 7>the data is like just flying as fast as it

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<v Speaker 7>possibly can to be able to train large language models.

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<v Speaker 7>And that's the only company I've come across that has

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<v Speaker 7>gotten as deep as you're talking about, like literally understanding

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<v Speaker 7>the hardware protocols and how these things operate together.

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<v Speaker 6>I just think, I mean, you guys need to talk.

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<v Speaker 9>Is you know what's interesting about that model is very

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<v Speaker 9>similar to how we approach the like at a high level,

424
00:22:57.079 --> 00:22:58.799
<v Speaker 9>it's a captin space. But if we take that as

425
00:22:58.799 --> 00:23:02.559
<v Speaker 9>an example, by the way code deployment of the data

426
00:23:02.599 --> 00:23:04.839
<v Speaker 9>with a bunch of share memory stuff that it's like

427
00:23:05.039 --> 00:23:10.480
<v Speaker 9>it is exactly how you start to eliminate the things

428
00:23:10.519 --> 00:23:12.720
<v Speaker 9>that programmers have invented, right, Like in many of the

429
00:23:12.720 --> 00:23:14.720
<v Speaker 9>bottle legs are just like made up that the things

430
00:23:14.759 --> 00:23:16.680
<v Speaker 9>things that don't need to be in and like, look,

431
00:23:17.160 --> 00:23:20.519
<v Speaker 9>at the end of the day, you can't eliminate complexity.

432
00:23:20.640 --> 00:23:23.599
<v Speaker 9>You can either manage it yourself or you can let

433
00:23:23.640 --> 00:23:26.720
<v Speaker 9>someone else manage it. And when someone else's manages the complexity,

434
00:23:27.079 --> 00:23:30.279
<v Speaker 9>then you're onboarding all of their bad decisions.

435
00:23:29.559 --> 00:23:30.680
<v Speaker 8>As well as the good decisions.

436
00:23:30.759 --> 00:23:33.519
<v Speaker 9>Right and so an example is a Linux kernel page cash,

437
00:23:33.839 --> 00:23:38.599
<v Speaker 9>a great general I mean, I wrote the first pass

438
00:23:38.640 --> 00:23:42.960
<v Speaker 9>of the storage layer, and once I did that, I

439
00:23:43.000 --> 00:23:45.160
<v Speaker 9>was like, wow, the page cash is like a great

440
00:23:45.359 --> 00:23:49.319
<v Speaker 9>general algorithm, and it's a terrible purpose built algorithm because

441
00:23:49.359 --> 00:23:53.359
<v Speaker 9>it does it takes a bunch of locks. It like

442
00:23:53.440 --> 00:23:56.160
<v Speaker 9>has all these global objects. There is like there's a

443
00:23:56.200 --> 00:23:59.160
<v Speaker 9>bunch of contection, there's like a bunch of metadata that

444
00:23:59.200 --> 00:24:01.880
<v Speaker 9>has to get flushed, ultiple cash lines, blah blah blah blah. Yeah,

445
00:24:02.160 --> 00:24:06.519
<v Speaker 9>like I could do this so much cheaply in like

446
00:24:06.559 --> 00:24:11.160
<v Speaker 9>this hyper specific context and so very much cut from

447
00:24:11.200 --> 00:24:14.039
<v Speaker 9>the same thre We have also a bunch of you know,

448
00:24:14.079 --> 00:24:16.279
<v Speaker 9>either BSD or Linux colonel hackers as part of the

449
00:24:16.279 --> 00:24:17.000
<v Speaker 9>engineering team.

450
00:24:17.079 --> 00:24:18.519
<v Speaker 8>I feel like the.

451
00:24:18.359 --> 00:24:21.000
<v Speaker 9>Nerds that we tend to attract some of my friends,

452
00:24:21.200 --> 00:24:23.039
<v Speaker 9>they tend to be like the same kind of nerds

453
00:24:23.079 --> 00:24:25.519
<v Speaker 9>that that would have on HPC systems.

454
00:24:25.480 --> 00:24:27.559
<v Speaker 7>Right, and that I mean, you know, the thing that

455
00:24:27.599 --> 00:24:30.400
<v Speaker 7>really blew my mind when I interviewed David Flynn, he's

456
00:24:30.440 --> 00:24:33.759
<v Speaker 7>the CEO of Hammer Space. This is like September maybe,

457
00:24:34.039 --> 00:24:35.759
<v Speaker 7>and I was talking to him and I was like, dude,

458
00:24:35.759 --> 00:24:37.960
<v Speaker 7>you are the first person I've come across. And I've

459
00:24:37.960 --> 00:24:40.880
<v Speaker 7>interviewed two thousand companies all right in this data and

460
00:24:41.000 --> 00:24:42.480
<v Speaker 7>I be able the past twenty five years a lot

461
00:24:42.519 --> 00:24:44.640
<v Speaker 7>a lot a lot of companies, and I always love

462
00:24:44.680 --> 00:24:46.599
<v Speaker 7>to get as far down as I could possibly go

463
00:24:46.720 --> 00:24:50.119
<v Speaker 7>to really understand who's tinkering where and what they're doing,

464
00:24:50.440 --> 00:24:52.440
<v Speaker 7>and you know, I joke to David first of all,

465
00:24:52.440 --> 00:24:54.240
<v Speaker 7>like shift left all this stuff. I'm like, you cannot

466
00:24:54.240 --> 00:24:56.839
<v Speaker 7>shift any further left than into the operating system the

467
00:24:57.279 --> 00:24:58.640
<v Speaker 7>end of the kernel, like that is as.

468
00:24:58.559 --> 00:25:00.240
<v Speaker 6>Far left as you can shift. It's like, well way

469
00:25:00.359 --> 00:25:00.960
<v Speaker 6>over there.

470
00:25:01.440 --> 00:25:03.839
<v Speaker 7>And I said, you're the first company I've come across

471
00:25:04.400 --> 00:25:06.359
<v Speaker 7>to do something which is you know, I was in

472
00:25:06.440 --> 00:25:10.880
<v Speaker 7>Austin like fifteen sixteen years ago at an HPC conference

473
00:25:11.200 --> 00:25:13.519
<v Speaker 7>and at the time I was, I was fifteen years

474
00:25:13.559 --> 00:25:16.960
<v Speaker 7>ago because I was tracking cloud Dehra in the earliest

475
00:25:17.000 --> 00:25:19.200
<v Speaker 7>days and Horton works. I know all those guys, I'm

476
00:25:19.279 --> 00:25:21.240
<v Speaker 7>ra Awadala and friends of them for a long time,

477
00:25:21.319 --> 00:25:23.200
<v Speaker 7>very very smart guys. Right, cloud Erra was going to

478
00:25:23.279 --> 00:25:26.839
<v Speaker 7>be the big thing and then you know, long story short,

479
00:25:27.440 --> 00:25:28.440
<v Speaker 7>cloud pretty.

480
00:25:28.200 --> 00:25:29.519
<v Speaker 6>Bad, yeah, miss cloud.

481
00:25:29.559 --> 00:25:33.279
<v Speaker 7>First of all, like my business partner, Robin Belori, he's

482
00:25:33.440 --> 00:25:36.920
<v Speaker 7>retired now mostly, but he launched Ploor Research in UK,

483
00:25:37.119 --> 00:25:39.000
<v Speaker 7>and he and I launched Blur group here in the States.

484
00:25:39.279 --> 00:25:41.279
<v Speaker 7>But he had agree, always makes funny little comments.

485
00:25:41.279 --> 00:25:43.880
<v Speaker 6>He goes, who put the cloud in cloud Deerra?

486
00:25:44.599 --> 00:25:48.599
<v Speaker 7>No one, And that's the problem because it works to

487
00:25:48.599 --> 00:25:51.039
<v Speaker 7>design for the cloud. You're like you called yourself cloud

488
00:25:51.079 --> 00:25:53.400
<v Speaker 7>dehra and you're an on prem solution, Like, what on

489
00:25:53.440 --> 00:25:56.799
<v Speaker 7>earth are you doing? But what I told David Flynn

490
00:25:56.839 --> 00:25:59.319
<v Speaker 7>was you are the first person I've come across to

491
00:25:59.519 --> 00:26:03.519
<v Speaker 7>fuse HPC with enterprise big data processing because these guys

492
00:26:03.519 --> 00:26:06.119
<v Speaker 7>never talked. I go to this conference and no one

493
00:26:06.200 --> 00:26:10.119
<v Speaker 7>from the big data world, analytics, bi none of that stuff.

494
00:26:10.160 --> 00:26:12.079
<v Speaker 7>None of those people were talking to the HPC folks.

495
00:26:12.160 --> 00:26:14.519
<v Speaker 7>I'm like, why on earth don't you guys talk? Like

496
00:26:14.559 --> 00:26:16.680
<v Speaker 7>there must be things they've figured out over here that

497
00:26:16.759 --> 00:26:19.279
<v Speaker 7>you can use. And I think it's because you know,

498
00:26:19.319 --> 00:26:22.839
<v Speaker 7>it's the center of gravity, right, HPC is it's heavy

499
00:26:22.880 --> 00:26:27.559
<v Speaker 7>in life sciences, it's heavy in universities, so all they

500
00:26:27.599 --> 00:26:29.680
<v Speaker 7>are their own little ecosystem, right, and they don't really

501
00:26:29.680 --> 00:26:31.119
<v Speaker 7>want to worry about this other stuff. And then in

502
00:26:31.160 --> 00:26:34.160
<v Speaker 7>the business world that's the cloud eras and the Horton

503
00:26:34.160 --> 00:26:35.920
<v Speaker 7>works and the Verdicas and all those guys.

504
00:26:36.000 --> 00:26:38.000
<v Speaker 6>It's like two different worlds. I'm like, why don't you

505
00:26:38.039 --> 00:26:39.240
<v Speaker 6>guys talk these the.

506
00:26:39.240 --> 00:26:41.039
<v Speaker 7>First one I can't? He was like, wow, I guess

507
00:26:41.079 --> 00:26:44.079
<v Speaker 7>no one's ever noticed that before, Like, yeah, yeah, how

508
00:26:44.119 --> 00:26:45.640
<v Speaker 7>am I the only one to notice this?

509
00:26:46.319 --> 00:26:50.200
<v Speaker 9>There's a few papers over the years that do you know,

510
00:26:50.240 --> 00:26:52.480
<v Speaker 9>we obviously read on that was in that first one

511
00:26:52.519 --> 00:26:55.559
<v Speaker 9>to figure it this out. I just think that they

512
00:26:55.640 --> 00:27:00.920
<v Speaker 9>were There's just very few systems that are public that

513
00:27:01.240 --> 00:27:03.880
<v Speaker 9>are this. I know of a couple of proprietary systems

514
00:27:03.880 --> 00:27:09.799
<v Speaker 9>that have sort of taken this, and but but it's

515
00:27:09.799 --> 00:27:11.759
<v Speaker 9>it's actually pretty common to get a ten XT thing.

516
00:27:11.799 --> 00:27:13.240
<v Speaker 9>And the way I'd like to frame it is that

517
00:27:13.319 --> 00:27:15.640
<v Speaker 9>sometimes you're lucky enough to reinvent the wheel when the

518
00:27:15.759 --> 00:27:19.759
<v Speaker 9>road changes. And look what changed between the time COPCA

519
00:27:19.920 --> 00:27:23.359
<v Speaker 9>was what came out and Red Panda is hard drives

520
00:27:24.200 --> 00:27:27.680
<v Speaker 9>got super super fast and really cheap, right like now

521
00:27:27.680 --> 00:27:29.839
<v Speaker 9>you have this mbmss D devices that can write a

522
00:27:29.839 --> 00:27:32.759
<v Speaker 9>page to to like the underliner storage I don't know,

523
00:27:32.799 --> 00:27:36.599
<v Speaker 9>and like eight sixteen microseconds somewhere around there. Let's say

524
00:27:36.640 --> 00:27:38.920
<v Speaker 9>like a little contention, like you know, twenty is fine,

525
00:27:39.519 --> 00:27:42.119
<v Speaker 9>so super fast and if you know, you remember this

526
00:27:42.240 --> 00:27:44.279
<v Speaker 9>pin and disc, you would right click your seat drive

527
00:27:44.440 --> 00:27:46.880
<v Speaker 9>and hit the fragment and it would take overnight. It

528
00:27:46.880 --> 00:27:51.400
<v Speaker 9>would start making this AOL dial up noises and so

529
00:27:51.400 --> 00:27:55.000
<v Speaker 9>so then you know, hardness got super fast, and yeah, exactly,

530
00:27:57.200 --> 00:28:02.680
<v Speaker 9>I think everyone in the US nightmares from exactly like

531
00:28:02.720 --> 00:28:04.960
<v Speaker 9>you've got mail area or like you know, when you're

532
00:28:05.279 --> 00:28:09.720
<v Speaker 9>when your parents interrupted your your music downloads because they

533
00:28:09.759 --> 00:28:10.519
<v Speaker 9>picked up the phone.

534
00:28:10.839 --> 00:28:14.000
<v Speaker 6>That's right, Oh the good old days.

535
00:28:14.200 --> 00:28:14.920
<v Speaker 8>It's terrible.

536
00:28:15.039 --> 00:28:21.240
<v Speaker 9>And then and then CPUs uh became like you know, uh,

537
00:28:21.400 --> 00:28:24.039
<v Speaker 9>you know, MULTIICR but like really as a dominant factor, right,

538
00:28:24.079 --> 00:28:27.559
<v Speaker 9>you go from like I guess a long time I

539
00:28:27.599 --> 00:28:30.759
<v Speaker 9>got to single course uh to like whatever ninety six

540
00:28:30.799 --> 00:28:33.119
<v Speaker 9>core vms on Amazon as the norm.

541
00:28:33.039 --> 00:28:35.759
<v Speaker 8>Like you know, readily available around the world.

542
00:28:37.279 --> 00:28:39.880
<v Speaker 9>And so if you were to start from a scratch,

543
00:28:39.920 --> 00:28:42.359
<v Speaker 9>sometimes you get to do different things differently, and so

544
00:28:42.359 --> 00:28:45.599
<v Speaker 9>that was the original. Theisis of of of red Panda.

545
00:28:46.000 --> 00:28:46.559
<v Speaker 6>That's cool.

546
00:28:46.759 --> 00:28:46.960
<v Speaker 8>Yeah.

547
00:28:46.960 --> 00:28:49.839
<v Speaker 7>The other company you should talk to is Ocient, you

548
00:28:49.839 --> 00:28:50.440
<v Speaker 7>know Oscient.

549
00:28:51.160 --> 00:28:53.119
<v Speaker 8>I've heard of them, but I haven't personally talked to them.

550
00:28:53.160 --> 00:28:57.839
<v Speaker 7>They're doing hyper scale data warehousing, so they basically they

551
00:28:57.880 --> 00:29:01.079
<v Speaker 7>saw NVM coming. And by the way, David Flynn, one

552
00:29:01.119 --> 00:29:03.079
<v Speaker 7>of the other cool things about him is last company

553
00:29:03.119 --> 00:29:07.079
<v Speaker 7>before hammer Space, they focused on the NVMe E protocol,

554
00:29:07.519 --> 00:29:10.359
<v Speaker 7>so he was focused on trying to make that a thing,

555
00:29:10.960 --> 00:29:13.720
<v Speaker 7>and now a handful of companies are really using that

556
00:29:13.759 --> 00:29:17.680
<v Speaker 7>hammer Space for sure uses the mvm E protocol SODA's oceans,

557
00:29:18.039 --> 00:29:20.799
<v Speaker 7>and they use it to do trillions of records. I mean,

558
00:29:20.880 --> 00:29:23.839
<v Speaker 7>just crazy amounts of records being brought in and it's

559
00:29:23.880 --> 00:29:25.119
<v Speaker 7>a whole new era, you know.

560
00:29:25.160 --> 00:29:26.160
<v Speaker 6>He jokes.

561
00:29:25.720 --> 00:29:28.279
<v Speaker 7>He actually lives in a town where I used to be.

562
00:29:29.279 --> 00:29:31.039
<v Speaker 7>My first job out of school was at the Lamont

563
00:29:31.079 --> 00:29:33.960
<v Speaker 7>Metropolitan Newspaper in La Mont, Illinois, which is like, it's

564
00:29:34.000 --> 00:29:37.960
<v Speaker 7>the tiny little corner of Cook County, just outside of Chicago,

565
00:29:38.400 --> 00:29:40.440
<v Speaker 7>and it's actually older than Chicago. So the I and

566
00:29:40.559 --> 00:29:44.079
<v Speaker 7>M now goes through Lamont's and that's what sort of

567
00:29:44.079 --> 00:29:46.200
<v Speaker 7>built the town was. They were building this I in

568
00:29:46.319 --> 00:29:48.519
<v Speaker 7>M Canal, the Illinois Michigan Canal they call it, to

569
00:29:48.519 --> 00:29:51.359
<v Speaker 7>get it from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River so

570
00:29:51.400 --> 00:29:53.799
<v Speaker 7>you could do transport, right, this is how old it goes.

571
00:29:54.039 --> 00:29:55.759
<v Speaker 6>But that's where he lives. I'm like, dude, I used

572
00:29:55.799 --> 00:29:57.559
<v Speaker 6>to do that. I was the editor of the local

573
00:29:57.599 --> 00:30:01.079
<v Speaker 6>newspaper in that town. Right. Cool, but yeah, it's wild.

574
00:30:01.119 --> 00:30:03.359
<v Speaker 6>He's such a nice guy too. It's just Chicago, so

575
00:30:03.400 --> 00:30:03.960
<v Speaker 6>they're they're.

576
00:30:03.839 --> 00:30:07.960
<v Speaker 7>Pretty humble, hard working, you know, city of big shoulders stuff.

577
00:30:08.200 --> 00:30:09.640
<v Speaker 6>But they spent two and a half years.

578
00:30:09.640 --> 00:30:13.319
<v Speaker 7>Their first GA was like version seventeen or something like

579
00:30:13.359 --> 00:30:16.519
<v Speaker 7>we wrote drivers and everything because they saw, all right,

580
00:30:16.559 --> 00:30:19.079
<v Speaker 7>we have to rewrite this whole pyramid to get up

581
00:30:19.079 --> 00:30:21.160
<v Speaker 7>to a point where we can really leverage this stuff

582
00:30:21.160 --> 00:30:22.319
<v Speaker 7>and just go hyper scale.

583
00:30:22.759 --> 00:30:23.519
<v Speaker 6>And they did so.

584
00:30:23.640 --> 00:30:25.599
<v Speaker 7>Now it's just like, good God, Like, how you know,

585
00:30:26.119 --> 00:30:27.640
<v Speaker 7>how would charity to compete with that?

586
00:30:27.680 --> 00:30:28.079
<v Speaker 6>You can't.

587
00:30:28.119 --> 00:30:30.759
<v Speaker 7>I mean this is they have old, old, old technology

588
00:30:30.839 --> 00:30:31.960
<v Speaker 7>and it's not going.

589
00:30:31.880 --> 00:30:33.400
<v Speaker 6>To work this new scale.

590
00:30:34.119 --> 00:30:36.759
<v Speaker 8>You know, That's how technology about.

591
00:30:36.759 --> 00:30:38.839
<v Speaker 9>It's like, in many ways, is why the world has

592
00:30:38.880 --> 00:30:40.799
<v Speaker 9>space for our companies like Red Panda to go in

593
00:30:40.839 --> 00:30:45.799
<v Speaker 9>and challenge basically multi billion dollar companies. It's like, okay,

594
00:30:45.880 --> 00:30:48.519
<v Speaker 9>well on a product to product, let's compete.

595
00:30:49.160 --> 00:30:49.599
<v Speaker 8>I'm game.

596
00:30:50.319 --> 00:30:50.599
<v Speaker 12>Do you know?

597
00:30:50.640 --> 00:30:53.839
<v Speaker 9>We feel pretty confident of it took it took a while,

598
00:30:54.920 --> 00:30:56.720
<v Speaker 9>you know, the first two years of the company, it

599
00:30:56.880 --> 00:31:01.319
<v Speaker 9>was just me and a bunch of friends. We didn't

600
00:31:01.359 --> 00:31:03.559
<v Speaker 9>work in a GARS, but pretty much in agars. We

601
00:31:03.559 --> 00:31:07.839
<v Speaker 9>were overmode originally, and we hacked basically day and night

602
00:31:07.880 --> 00:31:09.920
<v Speaker 9>for the first few years just to get something like

603
00:31:10.200 --> 00:31:10.920
<v Speaker 9>so It Systems.

604
00:31:10.960 --> 00:31:12.799
<v Speaker 8>I didn't realize just how.

605
00:31:14.079 --> 00:31:16.559
<v Speaker 9>Hard it is to do a good job like you

606
00:31:16.599 --> 00:31:19.920
<v Speaker 9>could do an okay job quickly in a year maybe

607
00:31:19.920 --> 00:31:22.559
<v Speaker 9>two years. But to do a great job, it is

608
00:31:22.640 --> 00:31:24.519
<v Speaker 9>just so so so hard.

609
00:31:24.359 --> 00:31:26.319
<v Speaker 6>So well, so many things to think through.

610
00:31:26.400 --> 00:31:28.119
<v Speaker 7>I mean, that's the problem is like you know, and

611
00:31:28.400 --> 00:31:30.319
<v Speaker 7>I think a lot of people who don't know programming

612
00:31:30.359 --> 00:31:34.000
<v Speaker 7>don't realize that. You know, with programming languages, you're always

613
00:31:34.000 --> 00:31:36.960
<v Speaker 7>sort of dancing around the thing, right, the thing is

614
00:31:37.000 --> 00:31:39.200
<v Speaker 7>what you're trying to do, and it's like, huh, you

615
00:31:39.240 --> 00:31:40.400
<v Speaker 7>can't just go right at it.

616
00:31:40.440 --> 00:31:42.680
<v Speaker 6>You always have to kind of go around it somehow.

617
00:31:42.759 --> 00:31:45.920
<v Speaker 7>So it's like what is the what's the tightest circle

618
00:31:45.960 --> 00:31:48.039
<v Speaker 7>and then the concentric circle around that and around that

619
00:31:48.160 --> 00:31:50.279
<v Speaker 7>or however you want to view it, layers however you

620
00:31:50.279 --> 00:31:53.160
<v Speaker 7>want to get there. Still, it's like, what are you

621
00:31:53.200 --> 00:31:56.440
<v Speaker 7>what are you trying to accomplish first and foremost? And

622
00:31:56.480 --> 00:32:00.559
<v Speaker 7>how can you build the foundation as strong and alleyable

623
00:32:00.640 --> 00:32:03.440
<v Speaker 7>as possible to be able to build on that, because

624
00:32:03.480 --> 00:32:05.200
<v Speaker 7>you know, if you change your mind a year later,

625
00:32:05.200 --> 00:32:07.839
<v Speaker 7>it's like, oh man, how like I remember I was

626
00:32:07.880 --> 00:32:10.039
<v Speaker 7>talking to one guy one of the funniest conversations I had.

627
00:32:10.079 --> 00:32:12.640
<v Speaker 7>This is probably six seven years ago now. We were

628
00:32:12.680 --> 00:32:17.519
<v Speaker 7>talking about Kubernetes and how it is not is not stateful, right,

629
00:32:17.559 --> 00:32:19.319
<v Speaker 7>it's it's a stateless environment.

630
00:32:19.720 --> 00:32:21.480
<v Speaker 6>And I was talking to this guy goes, yeah, I

631
00:32:21.519 --> 00:32:23.680
<v Speaker 6>think some of those guys are started to think maybe

632
00:32:23.720 --> 00:32:25.799
<v Speaker 6>we should have thought that. I thought about that.

633
00:32:26.559 --> 00:32:30.160
<v Speaker 7>Yeah, this whole architecture, like maybe state was kind of important.

634
00:32:30.319 --> 00:32:32.680
<v Speaker 7>It's not gonna do it somewhere else, right, that's the point,

635
00:32:32.680 --> 00:32:34.599
<v Speaker 7>like wherever else has to be managing the state.

636
00:32:34.640 --> 00:32:36.400
<v Speaker 6>And that gets pretty complicated.

637
00:32:36.000 --> 00:32:41.119
<v Speaker 9>Right, State is is the the problem. That's like the

638
00:32:41.200 --> 00:32:44.759
<v Speaker 9>PSL resistance. It is like state is the hardest thing.

639
00:32:45.400 --> 00:32:47.400
<v Speaker 9>I think I will know when AGI gets here, when

640
00:32:47.440 --> 00:32:50.400
<v Speaker 9>it when it solves all the Kurnetis diplomentations like that's

641
00:32:50.480 --> 00:32:53.759
<v Speaker 9>that's the test. If I can ask a prompt to

642
00:32:53.799 --> 00:32:56.720
<v Speaker 9>solve my coronettes. It's just like that's that's a g

643
00:32:56.880 --> 00:32:57.799
<v Speaker 9>I in my mind.

644
00:32:58.480 --> 00:32:58.960
<v Speaker 8>That's fun.

645
00:32:59.240 --> 00:33:02.279
<v Speaker 9>That's at what this means for users. I think to

646
00:33:02.319 --> 00:33:05.240
<v Speaker 9>pop this sack a little bit of what we're seeing

647
00:33:05.279 --> 00:33:06.920
<v Speaker 9>in prout, which is pretty cool. And then this is

648
00:33:06.960 --> 00:33:09.640
<v Speaker 9>a shift you mentioned like, hey, red Panda has been

649
00:33:09.640 --> 00:33:14.000
<v Speaker 9>classically good for the fortune five thousand Whatever's that's been true,

650
00:33:14.319 --> 00:33:18.519
<v Speaker 9>But what we're seeing is that the same reasons why

651
00:33:19.079 --> 00:33:23.279
<v Speaker 9>people that led to the designer space of what became.

652
00:33:23.319 --> 00:33:26.119
<v Speaker 9>You know, all the messaging systems like Coffka and red

653
00:33:26.119 --> 00:33:29.799
<v Speaker 9>pant et cetera. Are needed for these agentic marklets. And

654
00:33:29.839 --> 00:33:36.079
<v Speaker 9>so by that, I mean you want well named communication channels.

655
00:33:36.319 --> 00:33:39.759
<v Speaker 9>And so in the Kafka parlance that's called a topic.

656
00:33:40.119 --> 00:33:43.480
<v Speaker 9>In the sequel pipeline partlines, it's called a table, right, Like,

657
00:33:43.480 --> 00:33:45.680
<v Speaker 9>you basically want something that is well named, Like I

658
00:33:45.799 --> 00:33:48.519
<v Speaker 9>want to exchange messages on this channel, then that channel

659
00:33:48.599 --> 00:33:52.160
<v Speaker 9>is going to be called orders, and the other channel

660
00:33:52.240 --> 00:33:54.119
<v Speaker 9>is going to be called the fraud and the other

661
00:33:54.200 --> 00:33:58.759
<v Speaker 9>channel whatever. So you want these well named channels. But

662
00:33:58.880 --> 00:34:01.559
<v Speaker 9>what's interesting is it's like what from an end to

663
00:34:01.680 --> 00:34:03.440
<v Speaker 9>end perspective, you can about the first channel and the

664
00:34:03.440 --> 00:34:05.680
<v Speaker 9>oppa channel. So effectively, when a user types in the

665
00:34:05.720 --> 00:34:09.519
<v Speaker 9>prompt like summarize the tank a documents for a public company,

666
00:34:09.599 --> 00:34:11.480
<v Speaker 9>say Mango, d B or whatever it is, and then

667
00:34:11.519 --> 00:34:13.280
<v Speaker 9>it gives you a summary rate. But the in between

668
00:34:13.320 --> 00:34:16.440
<v Speaker 9>you could always make it smarter by introducing something in

669
00:34:16.440 --> 00:34:18.920
<v Speaker 9>the middle. So you could always introduce an agent in

670
00:34:18.960 --> 00:34:21.079
<v Speaker 9>the middle and continue to make it smarter over time

671
00:34:21.119 --> 00:34:23.760
<v Speaker 9>as long as like the end to end channels continued

672
00:34:23.960 --> 00:34:27.000
<v Speaker 9>are sort of like exported functions and see if you will.

673
00:34:27.559 --> 00:34:31.719
<v Speaker 9>The second thing is that people wanted the same primitives

674
00:34:31.719 --> 00:34:36.199
<v Speaker 9>of microservices. They wanted access control lists, they wanted audiit logging,

675
00:34:37.000 --> 00:34:41.320
<v Speaker 9>they wanted independent pipelines, they wanted global policies of what

676
00:34:41.559 --> 00:34:43.760
<v Speaker 9>models you're allowed to use and you're not allowed to use.

677
00:34:43.920 --> 00:34:47.960
<v Speaker 9>And so in any way, there's this full circle of like, hey,

678
00:34:48.440 --> 00:34:50.679
<v Speaker 9>AA is a totally different thing in.

679
00:34:50.519 --> 00:34:52.599
<v Speaker 6>Like whatever, don't touch it. That will be right back.

680
00:34:52.719 --> 00:34:56.519
<v Speaker 11>You were listening to Inside Analysis.

681
00:35:01.199 --> 00:35:06.760
<v Speaker 3>Welcome back to Inside Analysis. Here's your host, Eric Tabinat.

682
00:35:06.239 --> 00:35:07.920
<v Speaker 8>And take this to show.

683
00:35:08.920 --> 00:35:14.119
<v Speaker 9>So have all the like phenomenal smaller models that are

684
00:35:14.519 --> 00:35:17.960
<v Speaker 9>produced in a state of the art quality answers, but

685
00:35:18.000 --> 00:35:20.880
<v Speaker 9>they are small, you know, say sixty four gigs of

686
00:35:20.960 --> 00:35:23.880
<v Speaker 9>RAM kind of thing, so like relative like you can

687
00:35:24.039 --> 00:35:27.480
<v Speaker 9>you can run it on a single computer basically, and

688
00:35:27.679 --> 00:35:29.880
<v Speaker 9>once you could do that, you're going to have these

689
00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:36.280
<v Speaker 9>networks of small models that are specializing in things. And

690
00:35:36.320 --> 00:35:40.039
<v Speaker 9>so when you give a flow an into a task

691
00:35:40.119 --> 00:35:43.119
<v Speaker 9>of like give me a summary, you can have these

692
00:35:43.159 --> 00:35:47.239
<v Speaker 9>models assume personalities, like one personality is the program that

693
00:35:47.280 --> 00:35:49.840
<v Speaker 9>is going to optimize the prompt the other personality is

694
00:35:49.880 --> 00:35:52.119
<v Speaker 9>like the thing that is actually going to perform the task.

695
00:35:52.559 --> 00:35:56.320
<v Speaker 9>The last personality is going to make sure that it's

696
00:35:56.360 --> 00:35:58.519
<v Speaker 9>like making sure it's not insulting your customers.

697
00:35:58.559 --> 00:36:02.079
<v Speaker 8>It's like a safety model, right right, yep, exactly.

698
00:36:02.159 --> 00:36:04.960
<v Speaker 9>And so guess what when you're trying to deploy this

699
00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:08.599
<v Speaker 9>to production, they think that is the long poll for

700
00:36:08.960 --> 00:36:12.320
<v Speaker 9>large enterprises, this fortune five thousand. It's not the model

701
00:36:12.360 --> 00:36:14.280
<v Speaker 9>because they're not building the model. First of all, they're

702
00:36:14.280 --> 00:36:17.000
<v Speaker 9>just downloading it from from hugging phase or GitHub or

703
00:36:17.119 --> 00:36:19.000
<v Speaker 9>something like that. So like that, that does not the

704
00:36:19.079 --> 00:36:22.000
<v Speaker 9>long poll. The long call is like, that's the CIO

705
00:36:22.320 --> 00:36:26.159
<v Speaker 9>trusted is the input and output record recorded, hence the

706
00:36:26.239 --> 00:36:31.320
<v Speaker 9>log are the right things accessing these AUDIIT logs? How

707
00:36:31.360 --> 00:36:33.800
<v Speaker 9>can I do global secure and policies? So do I

708
00:36:33.840 --> 00:36:36.239
<v Speaker 9>push it to an open IDA connect like octa to

709
00:36:36.280 --> 00:36:38.840
<v Speaker 9>make sure that these agents are being like you know,

710
00:36:38.840 --> 00:36:41.119
<v Speaker 9>I could sort of decommission a fleet of agents in.

711
00:36:41.159 --> 00:36:46.320
<v Speaker 6>Governance something attacked governance, right, Yeah, So those are.

712
00:36:46.239 --> 00:36:51.559
<v Speaker 9>The things that I didn't anticipate would be pillars to

713
00:36:51.760 --> 00:36:55.000
<v Speaker 9>the acceleration of red Panda in the enterprise or you know,

714
00:36:55.039 --> 00:36:56.199
<v Speaker 9>streaming systems in general.

715
00:36:56.599 --> 00:37:00.400
<v Speaker 6>Oh, interesting, that's fascinating. I get it. I get. I mean, well,

716
00:37:00.400 --> 00:37:02.519
<v Speaker 6>because you have multiple steps right in this. I mean

717
00:37:02.719 --> 00:37:04.639
<v Speaker 6>I look at Mistro. I think that's probably the most

718
00:37:04.679 --> 00:37:08.280
<v Speaker 6>clever architecture because again, you've got multiple agents. They are

719
00:37:08.400 --> 00:37:09.280
<v Speaker 6>very good at certain things.

720
00:37:09.280 --> 00:37:10.960
<v Speaker 7>And this is what I'm hearing from a lot of people,

721
00:37:11.000 --> 00:37:13.679
<v Speaker 7>like even Variant, which has been around for a good

722
00:37:13.679 --> 00:37:15.519
<v Speaker 7>long while, a pretty big company.

723
00:37:15.239 --> 00:37:16.639
<v Speaker 6>They talk about their little robots.

724
00:37:16.679 --> 00:37:18.559
<v Speaker 7>Because I asked the guy, are you going to try

725
00:37:18.559 --> 00:37:20.079
<v Speaker 7>to get your agents to do multiple things?

726
00:37:20.159 --> 00:37:22.199
<v Speaker 6>He goes, no, we want them to do one thing.

727
00:37:22.159 --> 00:37:24.880
<v Speaker 7>Very very well, and then they'll be called by another

728
00:37:24.920 --> 00:37:27.199
<v Speaker 7>sort of orchestrating agent. And that makes a whole lot

729
00:37:27.199 --> 00:37:29.719
<v Speaker 7>of sense. But even still, like you look at some

730
00:37:29.760 --> 00:37:31.639
<v Speaker 7>of the newer miles like, oh, eighty one percent accurate,

731
00:37:31.679 --> 00:37:34.760
<v Speaker 7>I'm like, okay, what part of your business can be

732
00:37:34.760 --> 00:37:37.760
<v Speaker 7>wrong twenty percent of the time? Not much, you know,

733
00:37:37.840 --> 00:37:40.119
<v Speaker 7>I mean that's a big error for you know, for

734
00:37:40.280 --> 00:37:44.119
<v Speaker 7>something serious like operations, no fulfillment, no accounting.

735
00:37:43.679 --> 00:37:45.119
<v Speaker 6>No you know all these things.

736
00:37:45.199 --> 00:37:48.000
<v Speaker 7>No no, no, no no, but you know in marketing, okay,

737
00:37:48.239 --> 00:37:50.840
<v Speaker 7>marketing for content creation, things of this nature. But to

738
00:37:50.880 --> 00:37:55.840
<v Speaker 7>your point, this new AI agent like application fabric if

739
00:37:55.880 --> 00:37:59.119
<v Speaker 7>you will, needs to have the right mix of data

740
00:37:59.199 --> 00:38:01.840
<v Speaker 7>at the right time time, and you can't be doing

741
00:38:01.880 --> 00:38:07.239
<v Speaker 7>these sort of reaches into multiple different databases on demand

742
00:38:07.400 --> 00:38:09.559
<v Speaker 7>to find out what the history is or something. I mean,

743
00:38:09.599 --> 00:38:12.320
<v Speaker 7>that's what I think is very interesting. So I love

744
00:38:12.400 --> 00:38:14.840
<v Speaker 7>your point about how we thought it was going to

745
00:38:14.840 --> 00:38:16.559
<v Speaker 7>be architectural this way and it's turning out to be

746
00:38:16.599 --> 00:38:17.079
<v Speaker 7>that way.

747
00:38:17.440 --> 00:38:20.400
<v Speaker 6>That's it. That's interesting, you know, because it's it's.

748
00:38:20.199 --> 00:38:22.320
<v Speaker 7>A challenge for the organizations, and you know, I think

749
00:38:22.360 --> 00:38:23.639
<v Speaker 7>a lot of companies have got to be like, what

750
00:38:23.639 --> 00:38:24.199
<v Speaker 7>are we going to do?

751
00:38:24.360 --> 00:38:26.199
<v Speaker 6>Like, how are we going to figure this thing out?

752
00:38:26.239 --> 00:38:26.400
<v Speaker 13>Man?

753
00:38:26.440 --> 00:38:29.239
<v Speaker 7>Because it's there's so many moving parts and it keeps

754
00:38:29.320 --> 00:38:32.119
<v Speaker 7>changing fast too. That's the other part, right, It's like

755
00:38:32.159 --> 00:38:33.039
<v Speaker 7>it keeps changing.

756
00:38:33.719 --> 00:38:34.239
<v Speaker 6>I mean, I don't know.

757
00:38:34.320 --> 00:38:36.360
<v Speaker 7>I look at chat GPT and I think this is

758
00:38:36.480 --> 00:38:39.920
<v Speaker 7>this deep sea thing. Was great news for just throwing

759
00:38:39.920 --> 00:38:41.920
<v Speaker 7>down the garlet to these people because they had gone

760
00:38:41.960 --> 00:38:44.239
<v Speaker 7>down this road. They'd already said, Okay, it costs so

761
00:38:44.360 --> 00:38:47.400
<v Speaker 7>much money to train models, so just get used to

762
00:38:47.440 --> 00:38:49.840
<v Speaker 7>the idea. Sam Altman's asking for what was it like

763
00:38:49.960 --> 00:38:53.199
<v Speaker 7>three trillion dollars or seven trillion dollars to build out

764
00:38:53.199 --> 00:38:55.960
<v Speaker 7>some whole new inversure're do, what are you talking about?

765
00:38:56.760 --> 00:39:00.360
<v Speaker 9>Five hundred billion? It's it must be a great one day.

766
00:39:00.360 --> 00:39:04.280
<v Speaker 9>We hope to be that scale too. But you know,

767
00:39:04.320 --> 00:39:07.480
<v Speaker 9>the other problem here in enterprise is this idea of

768
00:39:07.559 --> 00:39:12.840
<v Speaker 9>sovereignty and who has access to your data. That's that's

769
00:39:12.880 --> 00:39:19.239
<v Speaker 9>really I think the the major heartburn for the CEO

770
00:39:19.400 --> 00:39:22.440
<v Speaker 9>and the CECL of these large companies. They are like, look,

771
00:39:23.719 --> 00:39:26.800
<v Speaker 9>the model companies are great, They're going to be here

772
00:39:26.840 --> 00:39:28.599
<v Speaker 9>for a while. We're going to send some select use

773
00:39:28.599 --> 00:39:32.639
<v Speaker 9>cases to those people. But I just don't feel it

774
00:39:32.679 --> 00:39:36.239
<v Speaker 9>doesn't matter what the legal language says, personally, emotionally or whatever.

775
00:39:36.239 --> 00:39:38.320
<v Speaker 9>I don't think this is the technology think really this

776
00:39:38.480 --> 00:39:43.639
<v Speaker 9>is like a trust thing at the moment. Maybe it

777
00:39:43.719 --> 00:39:45.480
<v Speaker 9>changes in the future and everyone is like, I don't

778
00:39:45.480 --> 00:39:47.159
<v Speaker 9>want to use a vendor, but I'll send I'll run

779
00:39:47.199 --> 00:39:51.559
<v Speaker 9>all my infrastructure in Amazon anyways, so I don't pay

780
00:39:51.639 --> 00:39:54.199
<v Speaker 9>for software, but I run my all my code on Amazon.

781
00:39:54.239 --> 00:39:55.400
<v Speaker 8>I was like, you know, what is this mean?

782
00:39:55.559 --> 00:40:00.679
<v Speaker 9>So you know where they just they don't feel comfortable

783
00:40:01.559 --> 00:40:05.559
<v Speaker 9>sending their private data to open AI or Anthropic or

784
00:40:06.039 --> 00:40:08.840
<v Speaker 9>some of those places, and so what they feel comfortable

785
00:40:08.880 --> 00:40:14.239
<v Speaker 9>with is running the smaller models inside their infrastructure. And

786
00:40:14.280 --> 00:40:17.320
<v Speaker 9>so I think through tool calling, et cetera, you're going

787
00:40:17.400 --> 00:40:19.960
<v Speaker 9>to need a glue system that looks like a log

788
00:40:21.119 --> 00:40:24.079
<v Speaker 9>with function calling, you know, maybe some support and environment

789
00:40:24.159 --> 00:40:26.079
<v Speaker 9>like connectivity. Is why we bought a company a few

790
00:40:26.119 --> 00:40:30.760
<v Speaker 9>months ago around connectors. Where you're going to be able

791
00:40:30.840 --> 00:40:33.800
<v Speaker 9>you need to bridge internal data. So they say your

792
00:40:33.800 --> 00:40:38.960
<v Speaker 9>are call database for simplicity with these global expert systems, right,

793
00:40:39.000 --> 00:40:42.079
<v Speaker 9>So you're going to or this foundation model systems, right.

794
00:40:42.119 --> 00:40:45.639
<v Speaker 9>And so instead of the interaction being like here's the

795
00:40:45.760 --> 00:40:49.920
<v Speaker 9>prompt with all of the raw data context, you can

796
00:40:50.400 --> 00:40:53.920
<v Speaker 9>pass it through first a local model that is great,

797
00:40:54.440 --> 00:40:57.360
<v Speaker 9>and what you send is you're sending a digest of

798
00:40:57.400 --> 00:41:01.079
<v Speaker 9>the internal informations. And so an example would be the

799
00:41:01.239 --> 00:41:04.559
<v Speaker 9>road data would be Alex's last five credit card transactions

800
00:41:04.559 --> 00:41:07.400
<v Speaker 9>if you're trying to determine fraud, and then you can

801
00:41:07.440 --> 00:41:11.679
<v Speaker 9>ask this model let's say deep seek or Meta Lama thie,

802
00:41:12.039 --> 00:41:15.159
<v Speaker 9>so like, hey, I want you to summarize this into signals.

803
00:41:15.360 --> 00:41:18.079
<v Speaker 9>And so the signals would be like not not the

804
00:41:18.119 --> 00:41:21.480
<v Speaker 9>credit card information, not where I live, not where the

805
00:41:21.920 --> 00:41:25.320
<v Speaker 9>but instead would be the high level signals like Alex

806
00:41:25.360 --> 00:41:29.199
<v Speaker 9>had five credit card transactions in downtown San Francisco with

807
00:41:29.320 --> 00:41:32.159
<v Speaker 9>the timestamps, and it doesn't really say much. It just

808
00:41:32.159 --> 00:41:34.239
<v Speaker 9>says like about five things. Right, So maybe like the

809
00:41:34.320 --> 00:41:38.000
<v Speaker 9>level of sensitivity changes from like here's like the row

810
00:41:38.119 --> 00:41:41.239
<v Speaker 9>five transactions, which has like Alex's address and his social

811
00:41:41.280 --> 00:41:44.039
<v Speaker 9>Security number and he's like full credit card data. And

812
00:41:44.079 --> 00:41:46.599
<v Speaker 9>then you can once it's gone through this prism filter

813
00:41:46.679 --> 00:41:49.119
<v Speaker 9>of this local model, then you can even use a

814
00:41:49.199 --> 00:41:54.320
<v Speaker 9>foundation model. And so it's fascinating seeing the world change

815
00:41:54.440 --> 00:41:58.559
<v Speaker 9>in real time. Pun not intended, where like you know,

816
00:41:58.679 --> 00:42:01.960
<v Speaker 9>people are like trying to reason about how do I

817
00:42:02.000 --> 00:42:04.639
<v Speaker 9>think about the world differently? But the metal point here

818
00:42:04.760 --> 00:42:07.400
<v Speaker 9>is that you need a thing that's going to glue

819
00:42:07.480 --> 00:42:10.440
<v Speaker 9>the world. And that thing even if people have writed

820
00:42:10.480 --> 00:42:12.360
<v Speaker 9>themselves it just it doesn't matter if it's right punt

821
00:42:12.440 --> 00:42:14.559
<v Speaker 9>or not. It's going to look a whole lot like

822
00:42:14.599 --> 00:42:16.119
<v Speaker 9>red Punda, right, Like you're going to have to write

823
00:42:16.119 --> 00:42:18.039
<v Speaker 9>these things durably to this, You're going to have to

824
00:42:18.039 --> 00:42:19.679
<v Speaker 9>figure out how to do AKA, You're going to have

825
00:42:19.679 --> 00:42:23.719
<v Speaker 9>to do how to do whatever. Accoles and like you know,

826
00:42:23.880 --> 00:42:27.280
<v Speaker 9>centralized identity management and deployments and multi region and clouds

827
00:42:27.280 --> 00:42:29.559
<v Speaker 9>and servilis and multi tenancy and blah blah blah blah,

828
00:42:29.599 --> 00:42:31.800
<v Speaker 9>all of the things that are hard you're going to

829
00:42:31.880 --> 00:42:33.039
<v Speaker 9>have to do it that, by the way, that are

830
00:42:33.039 --> 00:42:37.000
<v Speaker 9>not differentiated for people. And so it's been fascinating to

831
00:42:37.039 --> 00:42:41.159
<v Speaker 9>see the adoption of streaming as like the glue that

832
00:42:42.159 --> 00:42:46.079
<v Speaker 9>it's going to make the future of agentic workloads.

833
00:42:47.400 --> 00:42:48.719
<v Speaker 6>So here's what I'd love to do.

834
00:42:49.079 --> 00:42:51.840
<v Speaker 7>We should try to get you on a show with

835
00:42:52.119 --> 00:42:55.079
<v Speaker 7>ideally David Flynn, maybe Chris claud when David Flynn is

836
00:42:55.079 --> 00:42:59.320
<v Speaker 7>hammer spaced Chris is from Ocians, because to really get

837
00:42:59.360 --> 00:43:02.519
<v Speaker 7>into these things, right because these are deep, deep architectural discussions.

838
00:43:02.719 --> 00:43:03.960
<v Speaker 6>That's what our audience loves.

839
00:43:04.239 --> 00:43:06.480
<v Speaker 9>I think people tend to want to hear about the

840
00:43:06.559 --> 00:43:08.840
<v Speaker 9>details too. This is the fun part, like the stuff

841
00:43:08.840 --> 00:43:09.920
<v Speaker 9>that we've been talking about.

842
00:43:10.320 --> 00:43:12.400
<v Speaker 7>Yeah, and we love that. I mean, I don't want

843
00:43:12.440 --> 00:43:14.159
<v Speaker 7>just the high level conversations. I want to get all

844
00:43:14.199 --> 00:43:15.599
<v Speaker 7>the way into the weeds. And you mean, you know,

845
00:43:16.199 --> 00:43:18.159
<v Speaker 7>luckily we recorded all this so I can go through

846
00:43:18.239 --> 00:43:20.320
<v Speaker 7>and like what was he saying there and like just

847
00:43:20.440 --> 00:43:22.679
<v Speaker 7>kind of unpack it. But you know, and so when

848
00:43:22.719 --> 00:43:26.920
<v Speaker 7>you're talking about sovereignty. That's hammer space. That's what they

849
00:43:26.960 --> 00:43:30.559
<v Speaker 7>solve because you have this parallel file system which basically

850
00:43:30.559 --> 00:43:32.559
<v Speaker 7>sits over all of your other file systems. So it

851
00:43:32.559 --> 00:43:35.119
<v Speaker 7>consider of rest three you can sit over you know,

852
00:43:35.360 --> 00:43:38.280
<v Speaker 7>Google Cloud platform on prem who cares, it doesn't matter.

853
00:43:38.760 --> 00:43:41.840
<v Speaker 7>Now you can see all of your files and basically

854
00:43:41.880 --> 00:43:44.239
<v Speaker 7>have this layer of abstraction, single pane of glass for

855
00:43:44.360 --> 00:43:48.079
<v Speaker 7>managing them. And just the for example, that the copies problem,

856
00:43:48.119 --> 00:43:49.920
<v Speaker 7>like what is it the average is nine or ten

857
00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:52.199
<v Speaker 7>copies of a certain document you have like spread all

858
00:43:52.239 --> 00:43:55.519
<v Speaker 7>around because of different backup strategies over the years and

859
00:43:55.599 --> 00:43:59.719
<v Speaker 7>migrations or whatever. That's the reality of de facto information

860
00:43:59.800 --> 00:44:03.159
<v Speaker 7>ARCT textures. Well, they can solve that problem. And then

861
00:44:03.360 --> 00:44:06.760
<v Speaker 7>you know, by the way, they're also feeding massive amounts

862
00:44:06.800 --> 00:44:10.119
<v Speaker 7>of data to your GPUs to train these models or

863
00:44:10.119 --> 00:44:11.360
<v Speaker 7>whatever it is you need done.

864
00:44:11.840 --> 00:44:14.440
<v Speaker 6>And you know as well as I do, if you don't.

865
00:44:14.199 --> 00:44:18.159
<v Speaker 7>Have a view over everything, whatever you're not seeing is

866
00:44:18.159 --> 00:44:21.840
<v Speaker 7>where the problem could possibly be. Right, So data governance

867
00:44:21.880 --> 00:44:24.639
<v Speaker 7>per se, I mean, you know, until five seven years ago.

868
00:44:24.480 --> 00:44:27.119
<v Speaker 6>It was kind of a joke. It's like, Okay, you can.

869
00:44:26.960 --> 00:44:30.519
<v Speaker 7>Control access to a database, you can control ac access

870
00:44:30.519 --> 00:44:32.400
<v Speaker 7>to an app and that was about it. There wasn't

871
00:44:32.400 --> 00:44:34.679
<v Speaker 7>a whole lot in between that you could use to

872
00:44:35.199 --> 00:44:37.960
<v Speaker 7>achieve de facto data governance. And now you can do that.

873
00:44:38.079 --> 00:44:40.760
<v Speaker 7>Now we can actually pull that stuff off, So you know,

874
00:44:40.800 --> 00:44:43.920
<v Speaker 7>it's it's kind of amazing how so many developments have happened.

875
00:44:43.960 --> 00:44:45.880
<v Speaker 7>And to your point, and I think this is the

876
00:44:45.920 --> 00:44:50.039
<v Speaker 7>hot topic for you guys, is this new real time

877
00:44:50.199 --> 00:44:55.119
<v Speaker 7>application architecture. How do you feed these agents the context

878
00:44:55.159 --> 00:44:57.360
<v Speaker 7>they need to make those decisions in a tight window.

879
00:44:57.480 --> 00:44:59.960
<v Speaker 7>And I love this concept of the sort of intermedia

880
00:45:00.519 --> 00:45:03.400
<v Speaker 7>model right where it finds the signals that can then

881
00:45:03.440 --> 00:45:07.039
<v Speaker 7>be used by the foundational model to transact something where

882
00:45:07.079 --> 00:45:11.679
<v Speaker 7>you're not divulging important enterprise information PII whatever I mean.

883
00:45:11.719 --> 00:45:14.920
<v Speaker 7>I think that's a very very interesting thread that we

884
00:45:14.960 --> 00:45:17.360
<v Speaker 7>could build something around. Frankly, we'll be talking to you

885
00:45:17.400 --> 00:45:20.559
<v Speaker 7>next time. You've been listening to Inside Analysis.

886
00:45:22.159 --> 00:45:24.800
<v Speaker 14>Get all the facts all you need to know on

887
00:45:24.920 --> 00:45:27.519
<v Speaker 14>KCAA radio.

888
00:45:29.719 --> 00:45:33.320
<v Speaker 12>From the Bureau of Economic Geology. This is Earth Date.

889
00:45:38.400 --> 00:45:41.199
<v Speaker 12>Mark your calendars and buy some eye protection because on

890
00:45:41.239 --> 00:45:44.719
<v Speaker 12>August twenty first, twenty seventeen, the US will experience a

891
00:45:44.760 --> 00:45:48.039
<v Speaker 12>total eclipse of the sun. A total eclipse happens when

892
00:45:48.039 --> 00:45:50.880
<v Speaker 12>the Moon passes perfectly in front of the Sun, blocking

893
00:45:50.920 --> 00:45:53.880
<v Speaker 12>its view from the Earth. Only a small path across

894
00:45:53.920 --> 00:45:57.119
<v Speaker 12>the US will see the Sun completely obscure. But that

895
00:45:57.239 --> 00:46:00.920
<v Speaker 12>path of totality stretches from Oregon to South Carolina, passing

896
00:46:00.960 --> 00:46:03.880
<v Speaker 12>over nearly fifty million people. If you were to view

897
00:46:03.920 --> 00:46:07.239
<v Speaker 12>the eclipse from space, you'd see a small moonshadow seventy

898
00:46:07.239 --> 00:46:10.079
<v Speaker 12>miles wide, cast upon the surface of Earth and moving

899
00:46:10.159 --> 00:46:14.079
<v Speaker 12>quickly across it. At fifteen hundred miles an hour from Earth,

900
00:46:14.360 --> 00:46:17.280
<v Speaker 12>you can experience this moving shadow too. If you're lucky

901
00:46:17.360 --> 00:46:19.679
<v Speaker 12>enough to witness the total eclipse from a mountain top,

902
00:46:19.960 --> 00:46:22.840
<v Speaker 12>you'll see the moonshadow racing towards you from miles away.

903
00:46:23.360 --> 00:46:27.239
<v Speaker 12>Eventually it will engulf you, Darkness will fall, the temperature

904
00:46:27.280 --> 00:46:30.360
<v Speaker 12>will drop ten to fifteen degrees. You'll see what looks

905
00:46:30.400 --> 00:46:34.360
<v Speaker 12>like sunset on all horizons. Birds will stop chirping, and

906
00:46:34.440 --> 00:46:38.239
<v Speaker 12>crickets may start, But don't blink. This ethereal scene will

907
00:46:38.320 --> 00:46:40.840
<v Speaker 12>last only about two and a half minutes before the

908
00:46:40.880 --> 00:46:45.840
<v Speaker 12>shadow races on. The experience can be awe inspiring, even unnerving,

909
00:46:46.360 --> 00:46:49.719
<v Speaker 12>and you'll understand how early cultures would have given powerful

910
00:46:49.760 --> 00:46:53.639
<v Speaker 12>religious significance to a total eclipse. If seeing one is

911
00:46:53.639 --> 00:46:56.119
<v Speaker 12>on your bucket list, head to the Path of Totality

912
00:46:56.119 --> 00:46:59.079
<v Speaker 12>on August twenty first, find some high ground and look

913
00:46:59.119 --> 00:47:01.760
<v Speaker 12>to the heavens, wearing the right eye protection. Of course,

914
00:47:02.440 --> 00:47:05.440
<v Speaker 12>I'm Scott Tinker, and I hope you'll enjoy this coming

915
00:47:05.519 --> 00:47:06.400
<v Speaker 12>date on Earth.

916
00:47:07.280 --> 00:47:09.920
<v Speaker 15>Earth Date is produced by the Bureau of Economic Geology

917
00:47:09.960 --> 00:47:12.800
<v Speaker 15>at the University of Texas at Austin. Earth Date is

918
00:47:12.840 --> 00:47:16.079
<v Speaker 15>researched by Julie Hunnings, written by Harry Lynch, and distributed

919
00:47:16.079 --> 00:47:19.440
<v Speaker 15>by Mark Blunt and Casey Walker. For more stories, follow

920
00:47:19.480 --> 00:47:22.440
<v Speaker 15>us on Facebook or visit earth Date dot oorg.

921
00:47:27.320 --> 00:47:30.760
<v Speaker 13>What is your plan for your beneficiaries to manage your

922
00:47:30.840 --> 00:47:36.440
<v Speaker 13>final expenses when you pass away life insurance, annuity, bank accounts,

923
00:47:36.519 --> 00:47:42.440
<v Speaker 13>bestment account, all required deftitivity which takes ten days based

924
00:47:42.440 --> 00:47:46.400
<v Speaker 13>on the national average, which means no money's immediately available

925
00:47:46.559 --> 00:47:47.679
<v Speaker 13>and this causes.

926
00:47:47.320 --> 00:47:48.920
<v Speaker 8>Stress and arguments.

927
00:47:49.800 --> 00:47:54.760
<v Speaker 13>Simple solution the beneficiary liquidity clan use money you already

928
00:47:54.800 --> 00:47:57.760
<v Speaker 13>have no need to come up with additional funds. The

929
00:47:57.920 --> 00:48:01.320
<v Speaker 13>funds wrote tax deferg and pass tax free to your

930
00:48:01.400 --> 00:48:02.320
<v Speaker 13>name beneficiary.

931
00:48:03.000 --> 00:48:07.000
<v Speaker 16>The death benefit is paid out in twenty four for

932
00:48:07.000 --> 00:48:10.360
<v Speaker 16>forty eight hours out a definitary You heard me right

933
00:48:10.800 --> 00:48:14.800
<v Speaker 16>out a definitive All I said one eight hundred three

934
00:48:14.920 --> 00:48:17.199
<v Speaker 16>zero six fifty eighty six.

935
00:48:18.480 --> 00:48:22.079
<v Speaker 17>Tune into The Faran Dozier Show Musical Marks Place in Time,

936
00:48:22.320 --> 00:48:25.719
<v Speaker 17>the soundtrack to Life. Sunday nights at eight pm. Are

937
00:48:25.800 --> 00:48:30.360
<v Speaker 17>KCAA Radio playing the hottest hits in the Coolest Conversations

938
00:48:30.559 --> 00:48:34.159
<v Speaker 17>Sunday nights at APM on The Faran Dozier Show within

939
00:48:34.199 --> 00:48:39.400
<v Speaker 17>the ray of music, talk, sports, community outreach, and veteran resources.

940
00:48:39.679 --> 00:48:40.760
<v Speaker 8>The hits from the.

941
00:48:40.880 --> 00:48:47.039
<v Speaker 17>Sixties, seventies, eighties, nineties, and today's hits. The Farandozier Show

942
00:48:47.119 --> 00:48:52.800
<v Speaker 17>on KCAA Radio on all available streaming platforms and on

943
00:48:52.880 --> 00:48:56.719
<v Speaker 17>A six point FIVEFM and ten fifty Am. The Farando

944
00:48:56.840 --> 00:49:17.760
<v Speaker 17>Zier Show on kc AA Radio.

945
00:49:10.920 --> 00:49:14.880
<v Speaker 4>KCAA Where Life's much better. So download the app in

946
00:49:14.920 --> 00:49:18.360
<v Speaker 4>your smart device today. Listen everywhere and anywhere, whether you're

947
00:49:18.400 --> 00:49:22.599
<v Speaker 4>in Southern California, Texas for sailing on the Gulf of Mexico,

948
00:49:22.920 --> 00:49:27.360
<v Speaker 4>Life Sabreeze with KCAA. Download the app in your smart

949
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<v Speaker 4>device today.

950
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<v Speaker 18>I'll be saving yesterday in the dumpu.

951
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<v Speaker 1>Bxico CACAA.

952
00:49:46.480 --> 00:49:50.960
<v Speaker 19>With sixty years of fascinating facts. This is the man

953
00:49:51.119 --> 00:49:55.440
<v Speaker 19>from yesterday and back in time. We go to this

954
00:49:55.639 --> 00:49:59.320
<v Speaker 19>time in nineteen fifty eight. Centr D's rise to fame

955
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<v Speaker 19>is coming quickly. The fifteen year old began modeling at twelve.

956
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<v Speaker 19>She was a girl Scout and modeled at one of

957
00:50:05.480 --> 00:50:09.920
<v Speaker 19>her troop's benefit fashion shows, where a talent agent spotted her.

958
00:50:11.719 --> 00:50:23.039
<v Speaker 18>I'm Sa'na benzon Win, I can't, I'm.

959
00:50:22.920 --> 00:50:27.760
<v Speaker 19>Sandra And from this time in nineteen sixty two, CBS

960
00:50:27.800 --> 00:50:32.239
<v Speaker 19>announces that news corresponded to Walter Cronkite will replace Douglas

961
00:50:32.320 --> 00:50:35.880
<v Speaker 19>Edwards on its early television news program beginning next month

962
00:50:35.920 --> 00:50:37.800
<v Speaker 19>in April of nineteen sixty two.

963
00:50:38.320 --> 00:50:42.840
<v Speaker 3>This is the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite.

964
00:50:42.159 --> 00:50:43.320
<v Speaker 1>And that's the way it is.

965
00:50:43.360 --> 00:50:47.079
<v Speaker 2>Thursday, March seventeenth, nineteen seventy seven, This is Walter grand Guite,

966
00:50:47.159 --> 00:50:48.880
<v Speaker 2>CBS News, good.

967
00:50:48.800 --> 00:50:51.679
<v Speaker 19>Night, And from this time in nineteen sixty now playing

968
00:50:51.679 --> 00:50:55.320
<v Speaker 19>in theaters, Sink the Bismark, Although not in the movie,

969
00:50:55.360 --> 00:50:57.719
<v Speaker 19>the hit song Sink the Bismarck is moving off the

970
00:50:57.800 --> 00:50:59.360
<v Speaker 19>charts by Johnny Horton.

971
00:51:00.079 --> 00:51:03.199
<v Speaker 8>They find that terminate battle of ship as they get Sunship,

972
00:51:03.280 --> 00:51:06.440
<v Speaker 8>buss redouta Synctopis Marcos.

973
00:51:06.079 --> 00:51:09.679
<v Speaker 19>The World and Ben sold us with more at mad

974
00:51:09.760 --> 00:51:18.480
<v Speaker 19>from Yesterday dot Com.

975
00:51:14.920 --> 00:51:18.480
<v Speaker 1>To Hebot Club's original pure Powdy Arco. SUPERTA helps build

976
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977
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<v Speaker 1>organs and cells our organs. The cells need oxygen to

978
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979
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<v Speaker 1>cancer dies in oxygen. So the tea is great for

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981
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982
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<v Speaker 1>h ee b like boy oh. Then continue with the

988
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<v Speaker 20>You like to safely leverage bank money to earn double

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996
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<v Speaker 20>market risk.

997
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<v Speaker 6>How can you do this?

998
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<v Speaker 20>This is Farreence, host of the Your Personal Bank Show.

999
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1002
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<v Speaker 20>When you earn more in dividends from your policy than

1003
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1004
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<v Speaker 20>the difference is average two to five percent annually in

1005
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<v Speaker 20>bank funds contributions years two to twenty plus. Each year

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<v Speaker 20>the bank adds funds, your rate of return increases. Your

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1009
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<v Speaker 20>annually within a few years. Contacnia your Personal bank dot

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1013
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1014
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<v Speaker 3>Your Personal Bank Show airs Tuesdays at four pm right

1015
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<v Speaker 3>here on case EAA ten fifty am and one oh

1016
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1017
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1029
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1031
00:54:24.320 --> 00:54:28.559
<v Speaker 21>What's wrong with Neil Gorsuch? His soul I mean? As

1032
00:54:28.599 --> 00:54:32.039
<v Speaker 21>one of the domineering right wing extremists on the Supreme Court,

1033
00:54:32.400 --> 00:54:37.960
<v Speaker 21>Gorsuch routinely supports enthroning plutocracy, autocracy, and his own brand

1034
00:54:38.039 --> 00:54:42.519
<v Speaker 21>of Christian theocracy over people's democratic rights. But he also

1035
00:54:42.679 --> 00:54:46.920
<v Speaker 21>uses his unelected, unchecked judicial position to take power and

1036
00:54:47.079 --> 00:54:51.840
<v Speaker 21>justice away from America's least powerful, most vulnerable people, including

1037
00:54:52.079 --> 00:54:55.719
<v Speaker 21>the homeless. For example, he ruled last month that an

1038
00:54:55.719 --> 00:55:00.159
<v Speaker 21>Oregon city's ban on homeless residents sleeping outdoors was not

1039
00:55:00.440 --> 00:55:04.280
<v Speaker 21>cruel and unusual punishment, never mind that the city provided

1040
00:55:04.320 --> 00:55:08.079
<v Speaker 21>nowhere else for homeless individuals and families to bed down.

1041
00:55:08.679 --> 00:55:12.639
<v Speaker 21>Gorsuch saw no problem with penalizing people who have to

1042
00:55:12.679 --> 00:55:15.840
<v Speaker 21>sleep or camp out in parks, on the street, et cetera.

1043
00:55:16.360 --> 00:55:19.320
<v Speaker 21>After all, he blithely explained, it was not a ban

1044
00:55:19.440 --> 00:55:24.159
<v Speaker 21>on homelessness, but merely on sleeping outdoors. It makes no difference,

1045
00:55:24.280 --> 00:55:28.440
<v Speaker 21>exclaimed his supremeness, whether the violator is homeless or a

1046
00:55:28.559 --> 00:55:32.320
<v Speaker 21>backpacker on vacation, or I suppose he had, say, a

1047
00:55:32.360 --> 00:55:37.039
<v Speaker 21>Supreme Court justice sleeping under a bridge. To punctuate his cluelessness,

1048
00:55:37.239 --> 00:55:42.239
<v Speaker 21>Gorsuch actually asserted that the law applied equally to everyone, except,

1049
00:55:42.239 --> 00:55:45.119
<v Speaker 21>of course, that the homeless can't just go home after

1050
00:55:45.199 --> 00:55:48.599
<v Speaker 21>being kicked out from under the bridge. This at Jim Higtailer,

1051
00:55:48.719 --> 00:55:52.119
<v Speaker 21>saying its rank and justice for Gore, such a child

1052
00:55:52.199 --> 00:55:55.639
<v Speaker 21>of a politically powerful and rich family, product of ivy

1053
00:55:55.719 --> 00:55:59.360
<v Speaker 21>league schools and high dollar law firms, possessor of enormous

1054
00:55:59.360 --> 00:56:03.159
<v Speaker 21>personal wealth and multiple homes to dictate. Let them meet

1055
00:56:03.239 --> 00:56:07.719
<v Speaker 21>cake rules for homeless people who'll never know or understand. Yes,

1056
00:56:07.880 --> 00:56:12.559
<v Speaker 21>homelessness is a complex social scourge, but cavalierly criminalizing its

1057
00:56:12.639 --> 00:56:16.199
<v Speaker 21>victims is itself a crime that solves nothing. Neil is

1058
00:56:16.239 --> 00:56:19.079
<v Speaker 21>not morally fit to judge poor people, So how about

1059
00:56:19.119 --> 00:56:22.360
<v Speaker 21>replacing him with a homeless person who actually knows something

1060
00:56:22.400 --> 00:56:25.840
<v Speaker 21>about real life. The High Tar Radio Lowdown is made

1061
00:56:25.880 --> 00:56:30.000
<v Speaker 21>possible by youth subscribers to Jim Higtar's Lowdown on Substack.

1062
00:56:30.360 --> 00:56:33.480
<v Speaker 21>Find us at Jimhiitar dot substack dot com.

1063
00:56:33.880 --> 00:56:37.559
<v Speaker 1>KCAA Radio has openings for one hour talk shows. If

1064
00:56:37.599 --> 00:56:40.039
<v Speaker 1>you want to host a radio show, now is the time.

1065
00:56:40.280 --> 00:56:43.800
<v Speaker 1>Make KCAA your flangship station. Our rates are affordable and

1066
00:56:43.880 --> 00:56:46.800
<v Speaker 1>our services are second to none. We broadcast to a

1067
00:56:46.840 --> 00:56:50.400
<v Speaker 1>population of five million people plus. We stream and podcast

1068
00:56:50.480 --> 00:56:53.599
<v Speaker 1>on all major online audio and video systems. If you've

1069
00:56:53.599 --> 00:56:57.280
<v Speaker 1>been thinking about broadcasting a weekly radio program on real

1070
00:56:57.400 --> 00:57:00.679
<v Speaker 1>radio plus the internet, contact our CEO SOH at two

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00:57:00.760 --> 00:57:04.000
<v Speaker 1>eight one five nine nine ninety eight hundred to eight

1072
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<v Speaker 1>one five ninety nine ninety eight hundred. You can skype

1073
00:57:07.159 --> 00:57:09.960
<v Speaker 1>your show from your home to our Redlands, California studio,

1074
00:57:10.000 --> 00:57:13.039
<v Speaker 1>where our live producers and engineers are ready to work

1075
00:57:13.079 --> 00:57:16.639
<v Speaker 1>with you personally. A radio program on KCAA is the

1076
00:57:16.760 --> 00:57:20.360
<v Speaker 1>perfect work from home advocation in these stressful times. Just

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00:57:20.440 --> 00:57:23.719
<v Speaker 1>type KCA radio dot com into your browser to learn

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00:57:23.719 --> 00:57:26.119
<v Speaker 1>more about hosting a show on the best station in

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00:57:26.159 --> 00:57:29.239
<v Speaker 1>the nation, or call our CEO for details to eight

1080
00:57:29.280 --> 00:57:33.760
<v Speaker 1>one five ninety nine ninety eight hundred. One of the

1081
00:57:33.800 --> 00:57:37.039
<v Speaker 1>best ways to build a healthier local economy is by

1082
00:57:37.159 --> 00:57:42.079
<v Speaker 1>shopping locally. Teamster Advantage is a shop local program started

1083
00:57:42.079 --> 00:57:45.400
<v Speaker 1>by Teamster Local nineteen thirty two that is brought together

1084
00:57:45.639 --> 00:57:49.639
<v Speaker 1>hundreds of locally owned businesses to provide discounts for residents

1085
00:57:49.639 --> 00:57:54.960
<v Speaker 1>who make shopping locally their priority, everything from restaurants like Corkies,

1086
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<v Speaker 1>to fund times at SB Raceway, and much much more.

1087
00:57:59.559 --> 00:58:02.639
<v Speaker 1>If you're currently a Teamster and you won access to

1088
00:58:02.719 --> 00:58:07.079
<v Speaker 1>these local business discounts, contact Jennifer at nine oh nine

1089
00:58:07.519 --> 00:58:12.320
<v Speaker 1>eight eight nine a three seven seven extension two twenty four.

1090
00:58:12.760 --> 00:58:15.880
<v Speaker 1>Give her a call. That number again is nine oh

1091
00:58:16.000 --> 00:58:20.800
<v Speaker 1>nine eight eight nine eight three seven seven extension two

1092
00:58:20.840 --> 00:58:21.519
<v Speaker 1>twenty four.

1093
00:58:25.559 --> 00:58:28.920
<v Speaker 10>NBC News Radio. I'm Chris Garragio, Pope Francis remains in

1094
00:58:29.000 --> 00:58:32.679
<v Speaker 10>critical condition, with blood tests showing mild signs of kidney failure.

1095
00:58:32.800 --> 00:58:35.079
<v Speaker 10>In an update today, the Vatican noted that the Pope

1096
00:58:35.119 --> 00:58:38.760
<v Speaker 10>had a mild renal insufficiency, which is under control. The

1097
00:58:38.800 --> 00:58:40.639
<v Speaker 10>eighty eight year old pontiff is being treated for double

1098
00:58:40.679 --> 00:58:43.920
<v Speaker 10>pneumonia and is receiving oxygen therapy. The Vatican added that

1099
00:58:43.960 --> 00:58:47.000
<v Speaker 10>Pope Francis continues to be vigilant and well oriented. He

1100
00:58:47.039 --> 00:58:48.760
<v Speaker 10>took part in the Holy Mass from the apartment on

1101
00:58:48.800 --> 00:58:51.320
<v Speaker 10>the tenth floor of the Jamelli Hospital this morning. This

1102
00:58:51.440 --> 00:58:53.719
<v Speaker 10>is the third time in his twelve year papacy that

1103
00:58:53.760 --> 00:58:57.679
<v Speaker 10>he has not delivered the Angelus prayer. Ukraine's president Vladimir

1104
00:58:57.760 --> 00:59:00.400
<v Speaker 10>Zelenski says he's willing to resign in extra change for

1105
00:59:00.440 --> 00:59:03.480
<v Speaker 10>peace or a NATO membership. Lisa Carton reports.

1106
00:59:03.199 --> 00:59:07.360
<v Speaker 14>The Ukrainian president made the offer at a news conference Sunday, saying, quote,

1107
00:59:07.360 --> 00:59:09.519
<v Speaker 14>if it is peace for Ukraine and you really want

1108
00:59:09.559 --> 00:59:12.599
<v Speaker 14>me to leave my post, I'm ready. Zelenski also said

1109
00:59:12.639 --> 00:59:16.239
<v Speaker 14>he would also trade his position for immediate NATO membership

1110
00:59:16.320 --> 00:59:19.039
<v Speaker 14>if it means the safety of his country. This follows

1111
00:59:19.079 --> 00:59:22.960
<v Speaker 14>public disputes with President Trump last week after Trump implied

1112
00:59:23.079 --> 00:59:26.920
<v Speaker 14>Zelensky was responsible for Ukraine's war with Russia and called

1113
00:59:26.960 --> 00:59:30.760
<v Speaker 14>the Ukrainian leader a dictator. Zelenski also insisted that he

1114
00:59:30.800 --> 00:59:33.440
<v Speaker 14>does not intend to stay in power for decades.

1115
00:59:33.599 --> 00:59:36.719
<v Speaker 10>Elon Musk is giving federal workers a deadline of midnight

1116
00:59:36.800 --> 00:59:40.079
<v Speaker 10>tomorrow to justify their work or they'll be fired. In

1117
00:59:40.119 --> 00:59:43.440
<v Speaker 10>a social media post yesterday, Musk said federal employees will

1118
00:59:43.440 --> 00:59:46.159
<v Speaker 10>receive an email requesting information about what they worked on

1119
00:59:46.440 --> 00:59:49.199
<v Speaker 10>over the last seven days, and any failure to respond

1120
00:59:49.320 --> 00:59:51.960
<v Speaker 10>will be taken as a resignation. The move comes after

1121
00:59:52.000 --> 00:59:54.000
<v Speaker 10>President Trump said he'd like to see must be more

1122
00:59:54.000 --> 00:59:57.360
<v Speaker 10>aggressive in his efforts to slash the federal workforce. An

1123
00:59:57.400 --> 00:59:59.559
<v Speaker 10>American Airlines flight that took off from New York was

1124
00:59:59.639 --> 01:00:02.679
<v Speaker 10>as awarded by Italian fighter jets after being diverted to

1125
01:00:02.840 --> 01:00:05.719
<v Speaker 10>Rome for security reasons. The flight was on its way

1126
01:00:05.760 --> 01:00:08.239
<v Speaker 10>to New Delhi when it requested a flight diversion to

1127
01:00:08.400 --> 01:00:09.280
<v Speaker 10>Leonardo da Vinci
