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<v Speaker 1>And welcome back to the nonprofits. You made it to Friday,

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<v Speaker 1>and it's a volcano. And who better to tell us

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<v Speaker 1>about geological phenomena than our resident geologist Kelly Laughlin. But

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<v Speaker 1>he's not here this week, so we're gonna go to

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<v Speaker 1>Tracy instead.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, my friends, you have indeed heard true. The end

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<v Speaker 2>is nigh and it is high time you all repent

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<v Speaker 2>for your inadequacies in life, else suffer the wrath of

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<v Speaker 2>Lord Vulcan Laos nominee Aus. Yes, indeed, friends, exhibiting a

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<v Speaker 2>flair for the dramatic, Lord Vulcan Laus nominie Aus, the

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<v Speaker 2>Roman god of fire and smithing, has chosen to show

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<v Speaker 2>his might by causing a fair amount of above average

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<v Speaker 2>seismic activity on the slopes of Iliamna Volcano. The volcano

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<v Speaker 2>has been dormant for many years to US mortals, but

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<v Speaker 2>for Lord Vulcan Laos nominie Aus.

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<v Speaker 3>The forge has barely cool.

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<v Speaker 2>This story is from ABC News by Julia Jacobo on

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<v Speaker 2>July eleven five.

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<v Speaker 3>A lot of jads of jas.

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<v Speaker 4>That is a lot of jays. Amazing, Thank you.

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<v Speaker 1>Now, I don't know if that's a reference that I'm missing,

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<v Speaker 1>or if that's your own Latin nonsense that you tossed

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<v Speaker 1>on there.

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<v Speaker 3>Latin nonsense.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh I think that was like glory be to his

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<v Speaker 2>name or something.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, so not nonsense, just Latin. So it was very

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<v Speaker 1>intimidating though. I'll say that now. I know that our

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<v Speaker 1>producer loves me, Cynthia, because she keeps giving me science

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<v Speaker 1>stuff to talk about, and that's amazing. But Jonathan, I

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<v Speaker 1>know that we share a passion here. So can can

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<v Speaker 1>you tell us more about some of the data that

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<v Speaker 1>we have about this particular volcano?

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<v Speaker 5>Sure, since this last eruption, the volcano was recorded ejecting

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<v Speaker 5>smoke and light ash in eighteen seventy six, nineteen thirty three,

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<v Speaker 5>nineteen forty one, and forty seven. And that's according to MPs,

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<v Speaker 5>MPs being the I forgot ack anyway, I'll get to

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<v Speaker 5>it in a minute. It regularly tips trips seismographs from

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<v Speaker 5>getting close to an avalanche as well. You know, you

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<v Speaker 5>put a volcano heat lots of glacier snow, and you

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<v Speaker 5>get eventually get a lot of avalanches, which also cause

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<v Speaker 5>a lot of micro quakes or earthquakes if they're big enough.

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<v Speaker 5>And it is summer after all, so things are melting

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<v Speaker 5>a bit, and there is climate change, so but this

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<v Speaker 5>seems to be a bit different. Through the shaking is

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<v Speaker 5>the same, it usually does not last for hours as

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<v Speaker 5>it did on June fifteenth. Iliama is remote located, and

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<v Speaker 5>on this I'm quoting the article for this located in

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<v Speaker 5>the Jigmut Mountains within Lake Clark National Park and Preserve

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<v Speaker 5>National Park Service. There it is remembered and it is

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<v Speaker 5>monitored closely by volcanologists due to its potential hazards. There

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<v Speaker 5>are several communities within a two hundred mile radius. Why

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<v Speaker 5>a two hundred mile radius, you say, Think about Pintubo,

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<v Speaker 5>Think about Mount Saint Helens. During Mount Saint Helens. The

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<v Speaker 5>next day, I walked out to my car and took

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<v Speaker 5>an eighth inch of ash off my windshield before I

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<v Speaker 5>used Winschild wibers because it's gritty and it would scratch

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<v Speaker 5>the glass. So this happened in Marina, California, just north

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<v Speaker 5>of Monterey, some nine hundred plus miles from Mount Saint Helens.

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<v Speaker 5>So yeah, these things can affect things very very far away.

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<v Speaker 5>So in Mount Pinatubo. When it blew in the Philippines

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<v Speaker 5>about a month after I left, put three foot of ash,

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<v Speaker 5>you know, about one hundred miles away. So yeah, that's

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<v Speaker 5>pretty big boom. And so that's you know, that's why

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<v Speaker 5>two hundred mile radius. And there are Pedro Bay port

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<v Speaker 5>Alsworth and Anchorage, Alaska according to the National Park Service,

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<v Speaker 5>that are within that range.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, so when they talk about the area being affected,

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<v Speaker 1>they're not just saying by like seismic activity or a

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<v Speaker 1>magma flow.

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<v Speaker 4>They're talking about like.

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<v Speaker 1>Ash fallout and other sort of like environmental and weather phenomena.

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<v Speaker 4>Yes, cool, Okay, gotcha.

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<v Speaker 1>So Tracy, that's not an expert, what can you tell

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<v Speaker 1>us about in volcanos?

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<v Speaker 3>So here's the deal.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm going to pass along the sentiment of a man

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<v Speaker 2>that I respect slightly more than the average individual, and

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<v Speaker 2>that is that as a amateur, as a person who

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<v Speaker 2>knows nothing, I believe that gives me license to speculate wildly.

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<v Speaker 2>So if you look on the on Google Maps and

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<v Speaker 2>you look up Iliamna volcano, you notice that it's like

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<v Speaker 2>kinda like ish close to water.

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<v Speaker 3>Not super close.

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<v Speaker 2>So this is my speculation that soon this entire volcano

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<v Speaker 2>will break in half and then magma will emerge and

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<v Speaker 2>it will spill onto this water creating more land for

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<v Speaker 2>America Red, white, and blue, but also creating a super

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<v Speaker 2>large amount of steam that will blanket all of Alaska

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<v Speaker 2>and the northern territories, the Northwest territories of Canada, and

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<v Speaker 2>the Yukon in darkness for the rest of time, as

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<v Speaker 2>is the will of our Lord Vulcan laos nomini aus.

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<v Speaker 2>That is Latin for something that I did look up

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<v Speaker 2>and then closed immediately because I didn't think it was

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<v Speaker 2>gonna come up again. But I don't think there's much

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<v Speaker 2>cause to worry in all seriousness.

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<v Speaker 3>I read through the article.

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<v Speaker 2>The US Geological Survey called it a normal volcano alert level.

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<v Speaker 2>So if we don't trust the people who study this

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<v Speaker 2>all the time and monitor it all the time, who

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<v Speaker 2>are we gonna trust me? I just said, Vulcans doing it,

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<v Speaker 2>So like we have to lean on the experts on

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<v Speaker 2>these sort of things, and.

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<v Speaker 3>They don't think it's much to worry about. So I'm

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<v Speaker 3>just gonna go with what they say.

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<v Speaker 5>I mean, have you ever watched Dante's Peak?

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<v Speaker 1>No?

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<v Speaker 3>I haven't. What's that about?

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<v Speaker 4>Also?

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<v Speaker 5>So tell us, oh, go ahead and watch it, watch it.

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<v Speaker 2>We have fourteen minutes, and I don't know anything about volcanoes.

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<v Speaker 5>So well, you know there are fifty one. I have

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<v Speaker 5>fun fact, there are fifty one volcanoes monitored in Alaska alone.

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<v Speaker 5>It's the Ring of Fire, you know, that goes ro

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<v Speaker 5>all around the Pacific.

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<v Speaker 4>It's like, that's what I got it.

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah, the Ring of Fire.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 5>He must have fallen off a boat in the Pacific

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<v Speaker 5>somewhere anyway, yeah, far north.

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<v Speaker 1>So is there is there something significant about Iliamna? Then, John, like,

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<v Speaker 1>why like, why are we hearing about this one specifically?

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<v Speaker 4>Is there any rhyme or like anything thing particular to it?

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<v Speaker 5>I don't think so. I think just because it's been

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<v Speaker 5>so long, which is not so long in geological time.

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<v Speaker 5>You know, it's been like, you know, one hundred it's

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<v Speaker 5>been sixty some odd years. I guess seventy years. Let's say,

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<v Speaker 5>actually it's been sixty six years. But you know, since

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<v Speaker 5>it's last we're just bree smoke which ashed and smoked.

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<v Speaker 5>It didn't really irrupt, you know. So but it's still

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<v Speaker 5>an active volcano. And so you know, we have other

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<v Speaker 5>active volcanoes in the Ring of Fire, and you know

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<v Speaker 5>there's Mount Rainier and there's of course Mount Saint Helens

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<v Speaker 5>in Washington, Oregon, and there's you know, volcanoes all the

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<v Speaker 5>way up the Andes Mountains in South America and Central

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<v Speaker 5>America and that go up through the Rockies but don't

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<v Speaker 5>really become We don't have any active volcanoes until you

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<v Speaker 5>get up towards Washington State or Oregon, Washington, northern California.

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<v Speaker 5>So you know, that's just there are a lot of

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<v Speaker 5>volcanoes in the United States. Most of them I think

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<v Speaker 5>are in Alaska, but or Hawaii. Hawaii's are also very active.

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<v Speaker 5>Kilaway has been erupting for what thirty years now, something

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<v Speaker 5>like that.

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<v Speaker 4>I imagine. Then there's probably that's probably where the plates

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<v Speaker 4>are meeting.

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah, there's a couple of small plates in between the

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<v Speaker 5>Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. So there's a

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<v Speaker 5>lot of going on. And wherever you have fault lines,

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<v Speaker 5>you know. It's another thing about luring a fire is

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<v Speaker 5>that those subduction zones and things like that tend to

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<v Speaker 5>have volcanoes popping up as well. Like it might might

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<v Speaker 5>might even be a couple, though I don't remember any

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<v Speaker 5>couple in the coastal ranges of California. But because that's

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<v Speaker 5>San Andrea's fault goes up California. Well, that's ally so

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<v Speaker 5>it's like you can see the fault line. Okay, it's

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<v Speaker 5>overdue for a major eruption anyway, So it actually is

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<v Speaker 5>more regular, and it's those plates are more regular in

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<v Speaker 5>their earthquakes than volcanoes earthquakes.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, and speaking of fault lines, there's one too that

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<v Speaker 1>I don't hear a lot about, but I used to

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<v Speaker 1>when I was younger, the San Madrid or New Madrid,

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<v Speaker 1>a little bit south of a little bit south of

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<v Speaker 1>Tracy and I in Missouri. And apparently I also do

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<v Speaker 1>for a sort of event, a seismic event sometime soon.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know, Tracy, have you heard anything about it?

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<v Speaker 5>When was the last one? You're in eighteen hundreds? It

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<v Speaker 5>was in your early eighteen hundreds, gotcha.

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<v Speaker 2>I've been hearing about that since I was in like

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<v Speaker 2>middle school, because I remember them telling showing me that

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<v Speaker 2>our building was built to be earthquake ready in the

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<v Speaker 2>event that we were to have an earthquake. I was like, ah, okay,

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<v Speaker 2>that's why we have to prepare for earthquakes here in Missouri,

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<v Speaker 2>even though we don't.

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<v Speaker 3>Have them really at it.

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<v Speaker 4>All right, that's it, that's just.

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<v Speaker 5>In case The thing with this moderate's fault is that

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<v Speaker 5>last time it erupted, it was like a it was

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<v Speaker 5>like a an eight on the Richter scale, which is

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<v Speaker 5>like earth shattering. You know, the the entire Mississippi River

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<v Speaker 5>changed course into Louisiana from that. You know, it's like,

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<v Speaker 5>you know, the whole New Orleans land mass was created

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<v Speaker 5>because of it. You know, it's like it's really weird,

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<v Speaker 5>you know, And it was not that long ago, so

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<v Speaker 5>you know, but it's supposedly a little bit more when

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<v Speaker 5>a couple hundred years goes by, it's a little bit

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<v Speaker 5>more on the edge doing it. And now that place

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<v Speaker 5>is all populated. At the time there was no population there.

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<v Speaker 1>That'll be that'll be something you'd think that I then

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<v Speaker 1>will have the hopefully they'll have some sort of methods

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<v Speaker 1>for detecting ahead of time.

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<v Speaker 4>All right, now it's time to move because there are.

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah, you'll get it. You'll get a couple of days notice,

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<v Speaker 5>and you'll have all the time in the world to

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<v Speaker 5>drive your way, your way away from it. That's not

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<v Speaker 5>going to affect you. I don't think you can go

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<v Speaker 5>that far. If it's that big of an earthquake, you'd

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<v Speaker 5>have to get over the rocky mountains to put the

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<v Speaker 5>mountains between you and the earthquake. You know, earthquake might

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<v Speaker 5>trigger other faults in other parts of the United States.

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<v Speaker 4>To go geysers and faults and all kinds of stuff, guys.

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<v Speaker 3>Next to nothing.

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<v Speaker 2>I looked up Dante's Peak, and the reason I haven't

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<v Speaker 2>seen it is it came out when I was three

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<v Speaker 2>months in Utero, and it's about it's about volcanoes.

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<v Speaker 3>It's jaws with volcanoes, is my understanding of.

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<v Speaker 5>Shark.

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<v Speaker 3>I mean, at the end of the day.

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<v Speaker 2>With it, you just if somebody comes up to you

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<v Speaker 2>and you're in a beachside town and they say there's

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<v Speaker 2>sharks in that water, maybe just don't go on the

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<v Speaker 2>water that day. And if somebody comes up to you

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<v Speaker 2>and you live next to a volcano and they appear

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<v Speaker 2>to know stuff about volcanoes, and they tell you the

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<v Speaker 2>volcano is about to be bad, go to vacation for

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<v Speaker 2>a week, see.

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<v Speaker 3>If something happens with the volcano, if it doesn't come back.

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<v Speaker 3>This is how much didn't really lose.

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<v Speaker 1>I was really really wondering how you were going to

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<v Speaker 1>tie that back to volcanoes. When when I was like,

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<v Speaker 1>how do we end up on sharks, but you brought

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<v Speaker 1>it back, and that.

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<v Speaker 3>Volcanoes Johnte's peak it.

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<v Speaker 2>I will make up stuff about volcanoes if you, if

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<v Speaker 2>you keep me, if you, if you keep asking me

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<v Speaker 2>about this.

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<v Speaker 1>Let's let's do this, because I have I thought we

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<v Speaker 1>were going to have a little extra time on this one,

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<v Speaker 1>very little, so I I yeah, so I came up

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<v Speaker 1>with this thought.

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<v Speaker 4>So if magma is molten mineral, right, I know what

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<v Speaker 4>you're talking about, go ahead with me.

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<v Speaker 1>And ice is a mineral, does that make water magma?

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<v Speaker 3>Yep?

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<v Speaker 4>Planet simple long temperature?

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<v Speaker 5>Wrong temperature, what's.

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<v Speaker 3>What's the relevancy of temperature?

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 4>Talk to to get me there?

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<v Speaker 5>Well, if you, if you, it has to be in

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<v Speaker 5>a melted state. Magma's plastic melted plastic state, that's why

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<v Speaker 5>it's there. And magma is specific to what's internal to

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<v Speaker 5>the to the planet, which is extremely hot, so.

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<v Speaker 2>That the time three feet inside the crust is three

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<v Speaker 2>feet inside the layer that we're on.

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<v Speaker 3>Which I don't think is the crust crust.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, three feet inside of that is inside the planet,

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<v Speaker 2>and it's not that hot.

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<v Speaker 5>So okay, yeah, okay, But what I'm saying is you know,

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<v Speaker 5>like you can go down just three or four miles

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<v Speaker 5>in the temperature starts getting really warm. So and the

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<v Speaker 5>magma's coming up from much farther down than that, and

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<v Speaker 5>it is usually once it hits the surface between three

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<v Speaker 5>and four thousand degrees, so, you know, and then it

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<v Speaker 5>turns into lava. Blah blah blah. Different volcanoes have different

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<v Speaker 5>temperatures and different consistencies of their magma. Their lava magma

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<v Speaker 5>is lava when it comes to the surface. So that's uh,

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<v Speaker 5>you know, that's what I understand it to be. So

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<v Speaker 5>ice turning to water is water.

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<v Speaker 3>What is not water? Also a magma?

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<v Speaker 4>It is a molten mineral, but molten natural material now.

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<v Speaker 5>Here Now, now what is a mineral?

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<v Speaker 4>See I got that here too.

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<v Speaker 1>So a mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with

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<v Speaker 1>a specific chemical composition such as H two oh and

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<v Speaker 1>a definite crystal structure. Ice meets all of these solid

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<v Speaker 1>solid H two oh meets all of these criteria. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>Now the definition of magma, I was a little bit

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<v Speaker 1>wrong because I said, I said that that magma is

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<v Speaker 1>molten minerals, and that's not I was being charitable to

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<v Speaker 1>my game.

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<v Speaker 4>The definition of.

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<v Speaker 1>Magma is hot, fluid or semi fluid material or below

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<v Speaker 1>or within the Earth's crust from which lava and.

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<v Speaker 2>Other pot is a matter of opinion, it is a.

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<v Speaker 4>Matter it is.

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<v Speaker 1>It is a description that is purely subjective and arbitrary.

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<v Speaker 2>So I decide that things become hot above absolute zero,

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<v Speaker 2>So all things are hot. Therefore all are molten and

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<v Speaker 2>naturally occurring, and within the Earth's crust are magma.

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<v Speaker 5>There we go very scientific.

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<v Speaker 6>I mean, if we're gonna use, if we're gonna use arbitrary,

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<v Speaker 6>if we're gonna use, if you're gonna in your scientific

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<v Speaker 6>like wording, use something, anything that's good is rocks.

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<v Speaker 2>And I'm like, okay, so all the rocks I don't

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<v Speaker 2>think are good are not rocks?

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<v Speaker 3>No, if we're going to use something.

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<v Speaker 5>That's why. That's why science is precise wording. That's why

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<v Speaker 5>science precise wording and definitions. So you know that way

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<v Speaker 5>you you were all talking on the same page. Communications

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<v Speaker 5>issues are always a problem. But you know the other

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<v Speaker 5>thing is, though, when you think about it, communication and

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<v Speaker 5>how you communicate a certain ideas, you're just trying to

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<v Speaker 5>get as accurate as you can to another another brain,

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<v Speaker 5>and so that's difficult, and there's entire studies on that.

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<v Speaker 5>But if you want to argue terms, you go study philosophy.

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<v Speaker 5>There are ninety percent of us arguing with the terms mean,

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<v Speaker 5>you know. But once you get a good grip on

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<v Speaker 5>the terms, you know. I never understood why they use

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<v Speaker 5>Latin and Greek for that myself, because it's like, why

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<v Speaker 5>would we do that?

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<v Speaker 7>It's descriptive And I really feel like I'm see like

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<v Speaker 7>geology specific definitions for magma, and at least what I've

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<v Speaker 7>found on a ten second Google start feel free to

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<v Speaker 7>not believe me, is.

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<v Speaker 2>That magma is defined as molten or semi molten rock

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<v Speaker 2>found beneath the Earth's surface. And I think you can

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<v Speaker 2>just be generous here and say that rock and mineral

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<v Speaker 2>are the same thing.

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<v Speaker 4>I'm looking up the difference between a rock and a mineral.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, if it's if it's probably going to be a

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<v Speaker 2>rock is some collection of minerals that are found naturally.

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<v Speaker 4>Occurring one or more minerals.

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<v Speaker 3>So there you go.

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<v Speaker 4>It's when ice cube is a rock?

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<v Speaker 2>Ice cube is ice is a naturally occurring rock?

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<v Speaker 5>I well, you know, and also water does a lot

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<v Speaker 5>of water vapor comes out of erupting volcanoes. Matter of fact,

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<v Speaker 5>there's a lot it's it's but it comes out as steam,

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<v Speaker 5>not as not as rocks. It's not rocks, it's steam.

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<v Speaker 7>Where why why?

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, it's served on the rocks as well.

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<v Speaker 4>Thanks, thank Irish Ice.

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<v Speaker 2>So I'm just gonna say, I feel like.

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<v Speaker 5>This is ice vapors just wants to sin.

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<v Speaker 3>I think he just wants to sin.

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<v Speaker 4>Wants to sin against the vulcan.

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<v Speaker 2>Vulcan is ashamed of you. He made you in his

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<v Speaker 2>image as a lava monster, and you.

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<v Speaker 5>Showbacks. Don't serve Vulcan, they serve Neptune.

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<v Speaker 2>So we'll Seetune protects you from the underwater volcanoes.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, they're there too.

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<v Speaker 1>That's actually a pretty solid flex and that's where we're

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<v Speaker 1>going to ended.

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<v Speaker 4>Thank you everybody for tuning in this week.