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<v Speaker 1>But today we're going to be talking about cultural identity

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<v Speaker 1>and a culturation. Cultural identity develops in stages shape by

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<v Speaker 1>experiences of race, ethnicity, and power.

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<v Speaker 2>Then we'll look at cross.

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<v Speaker 1>And digressance model, Helm's White identity model and Finny's model

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<v Speaker 1>that describe racial ethnic identity formation from different angles. We'll

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<v Speaker 1>look at a culturation strategies like assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization.

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<v Speaker 1>We'll look at intersectionality, a cultural rate of stress, and

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<v Speaker 1>cultural frame switching. So identity is not a single label.

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<v Speaker 1>It's actually many labels, and it shifts as well, and

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<v Speaker 1>it's contextual. Clients walk into your office, their cultural story

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<v Speaker 1>doesn't just pause at the door.

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<v Speaker 2>It keeps evolving like everybody.

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<v Speaker 1>The E triple ps you to think not just about

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<v Speaker 1>cultural differences, about the development and psychological processes. There's a

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<v Speaker 1>lot to think about when it comes to identity or ethnicity.

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<v Speaker 1>If the individuals families were born in a different country

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<v Speaker 1>than the US and then they come to the US,

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<v Speaker 1>and then you might see generational struggles between identity and

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<v Speaker 1>a culturation. So let's look at some of these models

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<v Speaker 1>how an individual does. First, one is crosses and digressions

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<v Speaker 1>N igre, sea, and CE. The models called Black racial

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<v Speaker 1>identity development. It describes a shift from racial unawareness or

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<v Speaker 1>denial to a committed Black identity. So pre encounter state one.

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<v Speaker 1>There's five stages pre encounters pro white or anti black attitudes.

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<v Speaker 1>Number two is an erase related event called encounter the

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<v Speaker 1>triggers and identify identity questioning all of a sudden.

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<v Speaker 2>Number three is immersion.

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<v Speaker 1>Immersion whereas you reject white culture and immerse in Black

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<v Speaker 1>culture with intense pride. Number four is internalization, develop a secure,

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<v Speaker 1>confident in black identity with openness to others. And number

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<v Speaker 1>five is internalization commitment actively engaging in social justice or

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<v Speaker 1>racial advocacy. Clients in immersion may distrust therapy if it's

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<v Speaker 1>seen as part of the white dominant system. Therapy may

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<v Speaker 1>need to include culturally congruent frameworks. Helm's white racial identity

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<v Speaker 1>development model looks on to white individuals and how they

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<v Speaker 1>process it. Number one is contact is naivete limited awareness

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<v Speaker 1>of racism.

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<v Speaker 2>Number two is disintegration.

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<v Speaker 1>Awareness of racial inequality causes discomfort or guilt. Number three

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<v Speaker 1>is reintegration regression into defensiveness, adoption of racist beliefs.

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<v Speaker 2>Number four is.

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<v Speaker 1>Pseudo independence intellectual acceptance of race issues without emotional connection.

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<v Speaker 1>Number five is emerging immersion.

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<v Speaker 2>Again.

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<v Speaker 1>Here what we see is an active self reflection on

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<v Speaker 1>whiteness and privilege, and the autonomy is a positive, non

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<v Speaker 1>defensive white identity alliance with anti racism. So thiotherapists who

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<v Speaker 1>are Caucasian or white and pseudo independence may over intellectualize

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<v Speaker 1>racial issues. Growth requires integrating emotion and empathy. The next

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<v Speaker 1>one is Finny's three stage ethnic identity model, a general

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<v Speaker 1>model for adolescence from ethnically diverse backgrounds unexamined ethnic identity,

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<v Speaker 1>little awareness or interest in ethnic identity at all. Number

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<v Speaker 1>two is ethnic identity search and explorations, so it's triggered

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<v Speaker 1>by cultural dissonance or discrimination. And then finally is ethnic

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<v Speaker 1>identity achievement, which is acceptance and integration of identity with

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<v Speaker 1>pride and clarity, useful in assessing adolescent clients who may

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<v Speaker 1>be questioning cultural belonging. A culturation strategies describe how individuals

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<v Speaker 1>adapt psychologically and behaviorally to a new cultural environment. So

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<v Speaker 1>here we look at Barries a culturation model, and there

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<v Speaker 1>are four strategies.

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<v Speaker 2>There.

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<v Speaker 1>Assimilation, which is adopting the wholest culture and discarding heritage culture,

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<v Speaker 1>something we saw for decades in the US, especially before

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<v Speaker 1>the seventies, and this may lead to social acceptance but

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<v Speaker 1>increase identity confusion. Integration is step number two, which has

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<v Speaker 1>maintained both heritage and culture. This is where we're starting

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<v Speaker 1>to see a lot more of after the seventies. Most

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<v Speaker 1>adaptive strategies linked to higher self esteem and resilience. The

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<v Speaker 1>third one of separation, maintaining heritage culture but rejecting the

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<v Speaker 1>host culture. We see more of that in today's world.

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<v Speaker 1>Protective in the short term, but may limit access to

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<v Speaker 1>services or support and also causes a lot of internal conflict. Marginalization,

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<v Speaker 1>reject both cultures, alienation most vulnerable group, of course, associated

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<v Speaker 1>with depression, identity diffusion, and social isolation.

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<v Speaker 2>They really don't know where they belong.

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<v Speaker 1>Assessment tools like the Culturation Rating Skill for Mexican Americans

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<v Speaker 1>the ARSMA measure these dimensions, intersectionality and cultural identity. Actually,

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<v Speaker 1>I forgot to mention soon lou Is s u i

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<v Speaker 1>n n lou Asian self identity of culturation also measures

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<v Speaker 1>the dimensions of a culturation.

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<v Speaker 2>So those four categories we.

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<v Speaker 1>Talked about, intersectionality and cultural identity coined by Kimberly Crenshaw.

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<v Speaker 1>Intersectionality refers to the overlapping interacting systems of identity and oppression,

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<v Speaker 1>gender and gender identity. It's what intersects with sexual orientation,

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<v Speaker 1>disability status, religion, class, social economic status, and nationality and

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<v Speaker 1>immigration status. And it's really similar to the addressing framework

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<v Speaker 1>by Haze that we've read about. These intersections shape how

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<v Speaker 1>identity has experienced, how oppression manifests, and how psychological symptoms present. So,

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<v Speaker 1>for example, if you think of a Persian lesbian client

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<v Speaker 1>that may experience discrimination from both sides, right, they may

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<v Speaker 1>experience it from the LGBTQ side, from the religious side,

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<v Speaker 1>especially from ethnic side, and if their Muslim could be

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<v Speaker 1>from three different areas, that they could be feeling discrimination

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<v Speaker 1>from those multiple accesses of identity based stress. A culture

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<v Speaker 1>rate of stress is cultural frame switching. So here the

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<v Speaker 1>emotional strain caused by navigating a new culture include language barriers,

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<v Speaker 1>role shifts, loss of social status, discrimination, and conflicts between

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<v Speaker 1>traditional and new values. This is where I see a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of generational issues. Symptoms may resemble depression, anxiety, somatic concerns,

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<v Speaker 1>or family conflict. Cultural frame switching. This is by cultural.

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<v Speaker 1>Individuals may shift behavior language of values depending on the context.

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<v Speaker 1>So you may have a Latino client, may behave one

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<v Speaker 1>way with a family and another at school or work. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>again you have to make sure you understand how this

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<v Speaker 1>is operating. Is it operating under culture? Is it operating

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<v Speaker 1>on different personas. As Carl Jung used to mention, we

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<v Speaker 1>all have different roles that we take. In other words,

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<v Speaker 1>you may act differently anyway at school compared to your family.

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<v Speaker 1>You wouldn't interact the same there, and you wouldn't interact

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<v Speaker 1>the same at work or.

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<v Speaker 2>With your best friends.

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<v Speaker 1>So you have to kind of determine whether it's cultural

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<v Speaker 1>or more of a persona thing, and the role.

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<v Speaker 2>Of society has adapted.

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<v Speaker 1>The flexibility is adapted, but can be to feel disorienting

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<v Speaker 1>when values conflict. Some may feel they don't full belong

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<v Speaker 1>in either culture, again, risking what they call identity diffusion.

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<v Speaker 1>By cultural identity integration refers to how compatible or conflicting

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<v Speaker 1>a person feels their two cultures are. High by cultural

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<v Speaker 1>identity integration, you'll see identities as complementary, linking to better adjustment.

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<v Speaker 2>But if you have low by cultural.

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<v Speaker 1>Identity integration, experiences, conflict or comprementalize linking to stress and

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<v Speaker 1>identity again confusion. So the things for you to think

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<v Speaker 1>about as a clinician is assessment, always assessed, stage of

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<v Speaker 1>identity development. Explore a culturation level, language comfort, consider family dynamics, values,

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<v Speaker 1>and immigration experience.

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<v Speaker 2>Use tools like the cultural.

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<v Speaker 1>Formulation interview in the DSM five. I do not know

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<v Speaker 1>if it will be in the DSM six, but it

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<v Speaker 1>doesn't matter for the triple P. Cultural mismatch number two

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<v Speaker 1>is treatment can lead to premature dropout. Culturally adapted interventions

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<v Speaker 1>improve retention, and therapists should validate cultural identity. Supporting a

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<v Speaker 1>culturation challenges normalized codes switching and frame switching as resilience.

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<v Speaker 1>Reframe a culturate of stress as part of identity growth,

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<v Speaker 1>and explain how cultural expectations shape.

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<v Speaker 2>Emotion, behavior, and therapy.

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<v Speaker 1>Another example is a Chinese American college student reports depression,

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<v Speaker 1>maybe even perfectionism. Family expects academic excellence and emotional restraint,

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<v Speaker 1>and if they don't get it, they could be neglect, punishment,

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<v Speaker 1>physical or emotional therapy explores how filalial piety right the

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<v Speaker 1>loyalty of the honor to the family.

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<v Speaker 2>Self expression intersect.

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<v Speaker 1>With their moodsips, symptoms, and their conflicts, the internal conflicts.

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<v Speaker 1>Sometimes they have to honor their parents, or they've been

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<v Speaker 1>instilled inside them that they're only good if they can

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<v Speaker 1>accomplish academic success. So there's a lot to work with here,

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<v Speaker 1>because you also don't want to dishonor their cultural beliefs.

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<v Speaker 2>Cultural identity is not a label.

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<v Speaker 1>It's always a process, like everything else in human behavior

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<v Speaker 1>or in human psyche, conflicted, often invisible.

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<v Speaker 2>From the outside. And that's pretty much it today.

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<v Speaker 1>We're gonna next time, we're gonna be talking about individualism

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<v Speaker 1>versus collectivism. I'm still going to try to pump out

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<v Speaker 1>three to five podcasts a week. The next five weeks

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<v Speaker 1>are a little bit difficult, so you may get three

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<v Speaker 1>one week, you may get five another, and then once

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<v Speaker 1>I get straight away in the September, we'll definitely hit

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<v Speaker 1>it hard five days a week, but for right now,

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<v Speaker 1>there might be weeks we'll only do three episodes.