Speaker 1: But today we're going to be talking about cultural identity
Speaker 1: and a culturation. Cultural identity develops in stages shape by
Speaker 1: experiences of race, ethnicity, and power.
Speaker 2: Then we'll look at cross.
Speaker 1: And digressance model, Helm's White identity model and Finny's model
Speaker 1: that describe racial ethnic identity formation from different angles. We'll
Speaker 1: look at a culturation strategies like assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization.
Speaker 1: We'll look at intersectionality, a cultural rate of stress, and
Speaker 1: cultural frame switching. So identity is not a single label.
Speaker 1: It's actually many labels, and it shifts as well, and
Speaker 1: it's contextual. Clients walk into your office, their cultural story
Speaker 1: doesn't just pause at the door.
Speaker 2: It keeps evolving like everybody.
Speaker 1: The E triple ps you to think not just about
Speaker 1: cultural differences, about the development and psychological processes. There's a
Speaker 1: lot to think about when it comes to identity or ethnicity.
Speaker 1: If the individuals families were born in a different country
Speaker 1: than the US and then they come to the US,
Speaker 1: and then you might see generational struggles between identity and
Speaker 1: a culturation. So let's look at some of these models
Speaker 1: how an individual does. First, one is crosses and digressions
Speaker 1: N igre, sea, and CE. The models called Black racial
Speaker 1: identity development. It describes a shift from racial unawareness or
Speaker 1: denial to a committed Black identity. So pre encounter state one.
Speaker 1: There's five stages pre encounters pro white or anti black attitudes.
Speaker 1: Number two is an erase related event called encounter the
Speaker 1: triggers and identify identity questioning all of a sudden.
Speaker 2: Number three is immersion.
Speaker 1: Immersion whereas you reject white culture and immerse in Black
Speaker 1: culture with intense pride. Number four is internalization, develop a secure,
Speaker 1: confident in black identity with openness to others. And number
Speaker 1: five is internalization commitment actively engaging in social justice or
Speaker 1: racial advocacy. Clients in immersion may distrust therapy if it's
Speaker 1: seen as part of the white dominant system. Therapy may
Speaker 1: need to include culturally congruent frameworks. Helm's white racial identity
Speaker 1: development model looks on to white individuals and how they
Speaker 1: process it. Number one is contact is naivete limited awareness
Speaker 1: of racism.
Speaker 2: Number two is disintegration.
Speaker 1: Awareness of racial inequality causes discomfort or guilt. Number three
Speaker 1: is reintegration regression into defensiveness, adoption of racist beliefs.
Speaker 2: Number four is.
Speaker 1: Pseudo independence intellectual acceptance of race issues without emotional connection.
Speaker 1: Number five is emerging immersion.
Speaker 2: Again.
Speaker 1: Here what we see is an active self reflection on
Speaker 1: whiteness and privilege, and the autonomy is a positive, non
Speaker 1: defensive white identity alliance with anti racism. So thiotherapists who
Speaker 1: are Caucasian or white and pseudo independence may over intellectualize
Speaker 1: racial issues. Growth requires integrating emotion and empathy. The next
Speaker 1: one is Finny's three stage ethnic identity model, a general
Speaker 1: model for adolescence from ethnically diverse backgrounds unexamined ethnic identity,
Speaker 1: little awareness or interest in ethnic identity at all. Number
Speaker 1: two is ethnic identity search and explorations, so it's triggered
Speaker 1: by cultural dissonance or discrimination. And then finally is ethnic
Speaker 1: identity achievement, which is acceptance and integration of identity with
Speaker 1: pride and clarity, useful in assessing adolescent clients who may
Speaker 1: be questioning cultural belonging. A culturation strategies describe how individuals
Speaker 1: adapt psychologically and behaviorally to a new cultural environment. So
Speaker 1: here we look at Barries a culturation model, and there
Speaker 1: are four strategies.
Speaker 2: There.
Speaker 1: Assimilation, which is adopting the wholest culture and discarding heritage culture,
Speaker 1: something we saw for decades in the US, especially before
Speaker 1: the seventies, and this may lead to social acceptance but
Speaker 1: increase identity confusion. Integration is step number two, which has
Speaker 1: maintained both heritage and culture. This is where we're starting
Speaker 1: to see a lot more of after the seventies. Most
Speaker 1: adaptive strategies linked to higher self esteem and resilience. The
Speaker 1: third one of separation, maintaining heritage culture but rejecting the
Speaker 1: host culture. We see more of that in today's world.
Speaker 1: Protective in the short term, but may limit access to
Speaker 1: services or support and also causes a lot of internal conflict. Marginalization,
Speaker 1: reject both cultures, alienation most vulnerable group, of course, associated
Speaker 1: with depression, identity diffusion, and social isolation.
Speaker 2: They really don't know where they belong.
Speaker 1: Assessment tools like the Culturation Rating Skill for Mexican Americans
Speaker 1: the ARSMA measure these dimensions, intersectionality and cultural identity. Actually,
Speaker 1: I forgot to mention soon lou Is s u i
Speaker 1: n n lou Asian self identity of culturation also measures
Speaker 1: the dimensions of a culturation.
Speaker 2: So those four categories we.
Speaker 1: Talked about, intersectionality and cultural identity coined by Kimberly Crenshaw.
Speaker 1: Intersectionality refers to the overlapping interacting systems of identity and oppression,
Speaker 1: gender and gender identity. It's what intersects with sexual orientation,
Speaker 1: disability status, religion, class, social economic status, and nationality and
Speaker 1: immigration status. And it's really similar to the addressing framework
Speaker 1: by Haze that we've read about. These intersections shape how
Speaker 1: identity has experienced, how oppression manifests, and how psychological symptoms present. So,
Speaker 1: for example, if you think of a Persian lesbian client
Speaker 1: that may experience discrimination from both sides, right, they may
Speaker 1: experience it from the LGBTQ side, from the religious side,
Speaker 1: especially from ethnic side, and if their Muslim could be
Speaker 1: from three different areas, that they could be feeling discrimination
Speaker 1: from those multiple accesses of identity based stress. A culture
Speaker 1: rate of stress is cultural frame switching. So here the
Speaker 1: emotional strain caused by navigating a new culture include language barriers,
Speaker 1: role shifts, loss of social status, discrimination, and conflicts between
Speaker 1: traditional and new values. This is where I see a
Speaker 1: lot of generational issues. Symptoms may resemble depression, anxiety, somatic concerns,
Speaker 1: or family conflict. Cultural frame switching. This is by cultural.
Speaker 1: Individuals may shift behavior language of values depending on the context.
Speaker 1: So you may have a Latino client, may behave one
Speaker 1: way with a family and another at school or work. Now,
Speaker 1: again you have to make sure you understand how this
Speaker 1: is operating. Is it operating under culture? Is it operating
Speaker 1: on different personas. As Carl Jung used to mention, we
Speaker 1: all have different roles that we take. In other words,
Speaker 1: you may act differently anyway at school compared to your family.
Speaker 1: You wouldn't interact the same there, and you wouldn't interact
Speaker 1: the same at work or.
Speaker 2: With your best friends.
Speaker 1: So you have to kind of determine whether it's cultural
Speaker 1: or more of a persona thing, and the role.
Speaker 2: Of society has adapted.
Speaker 1: The flexibility is adapted, but can be to feel disorienting
Speaker 1: when values conflict. Some may feel they don't full belong
Speaker 1: in either culture, again, risking what they call identity diffusion.
Speaker 1: By cultural identity integration refers to how compatible or conflicting
Speaker 1: a person feels their two cultures are. High by cultural
Speaker 1: identity integration, you'll see identities as complementary, linking to better adjustment.
Speaker 2: But if you have low by cultural.
Speaker 1: Identity integration, experiences, conflict or comprementalize linking to stress and
Speaker 1: identity again confusion. So the things for you to think
Speaker 1: about as a clinician is assessment, always assessed, stage of
Speaker 1: identity development. Explore a culturation level, language comfort, consider family dynamics, values,
Speaker 1: and immigration experience.
Speaker 2: Use tools like the cultural.
Speaker 1: Formulation interview in the DSM five. I do not know
Speaker 1: if it will be in the DSM six, but it
Speaker 1: doesn't matter for the triple P. Cultural mismatch number two
Speaker 1: is treatment can lead to premature dropout. Culturally adapted interventions
Speaker 1: improve retention, and therapists should validate cultural identity. Supporting a
Speaker 1: culturation challenges normalized codes switching and frame switching as resilience.
Speaker 1: Reframe a culturate of stress as part of identity growth,
Speaker 1: and explain how cultural expectations shape.
Speaker 2: Emotion, behavior, and therapy.
Speaker 1: Another example is a Chinese American college student reports depression,
Speaker 1: maybe even perfectionism. Family expects academic excellence and emotional restraint,
Speaker 1: and if they don't get it, they could be neglect, punishment,
Speaker 1: physical or emotional therapy explores how filalial piety right the
Speaker 1: loyalty of the honor to the family.
Speaker 2: Self expression intersect.
Speaker 1: With their moodsips, symptoms, and their conflicts, the internal conflicts.
Speaker 1: Sometimes they have to honor their parents, or they've been
Speaker 1: instilled inside them that they're only good if they can
Speaker 1: accomplish academic success. So there's a lot to work with here,
Speaker 1: because you also don't want to dishonor their cultural beliefs.
Speaker 2: Cultural identity is not a label.
Speaker 1: It's always a process, like everything else in human behavior
Speaker 1: or in human psyche, conflicted, often invisible.
Speaker 2: From the outside. And that's pretty much it today.
Speaker 1: We're gonna next time, we're gonna be talking about individualism
Speaker 1: versus collectivism. I'm still going to try to pump out
Speaker 1: three to five podcasts a week. The next five weeks
Speaker 1: are a little bit difficult, so you may get three
Speaker 1: one week, you may get five another, and then once
Speaker 1: I get straight away in the September, we'll definitely hit
Speaker 1: it hard five days a week, but for right now,
Speaker 1: there might be weeks we'll only do three episodes.