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Speaker 1: Did ian you two podcasting for Wine Just this is

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a little break announcement between childhood and adolescents. I just

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wanted to tell you we've started two new podcasts called

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Dad Psychology and the other one is Parents Are Parenting Decoded.

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You can find these on Spotify and Apple wherever else

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you're listening. So again Dad Psychology and Parenting Decoded. We're

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back to our podcast. So if adolescens, we're going to

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be looking at puberty, the prefunnel cortex and how it matures.

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It does mature slowly while the limbic system develops. Earliest

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is the emotional system. This is what increases the risk

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taking and emotional intensity. It's usually the Mila nation. It's

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the last part that has to mature. Here. Adolescens developed

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formal operational thinking, according to Pha, but are prone to

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what they call egocentrism, imaginary audience, and personal fable. Puberty,

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of course, triggers rapid physical growth and hormonal changes. Marsha's

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identity status is explain identity for through commitment and exploration, diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium,

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and achievement. Social development includes peer conformity involving parent relationships

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and romantic exploration. Risk behaviors, and then we'll look at

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the clinical component of it at the very end. So

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let's take a deep dive at some of these things

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and see what we got. So physical development puberty again

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timing and sequence, so girls breast development to pubic hair

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growth spurt and then the monarchy, boys testicular enlargement, pubic

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hair growth spurt, and then the voice change. Early puberty

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is linked to various psychosocial outcomes. And girls that is

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associated with an increased risk of depression, bodied dissatisfaction, early

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sexual activity, and heightened peer pressure. And boys early maturation

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may boose self confidence, but is also associated with greater

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risk taking and an increased likelihood of substance abuse. So

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what is an early puberty? Getting around age eight to thirteen?

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For girls, puberty unfolds along a typical but does have

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a variable sequence. So again eight to thirteen. Obviously eight,

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nine ten are the younger stages, while boys it's between

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nine to fourteen. The experience of puberty is also shaped

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by things like culture, body image, peer comparison, and family support.

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Brain development. Adolescent brains undergo massive synaptic pruning and myelination,

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particularly in the pre funnel cortex, which supports planning, decision making,

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and impulse control. The myelination is that white matter, and

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this is the part that has to finally mature and

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finally ends maturing around twenty five and this is like

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that freeway of communication between the different brain structures. This

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region lags behind though from the limbic system responsible for

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emotion and reward, and this is why adolescents tend to

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become so much more risk takers, impulsive, and the mismatch

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also leads to heightened sensation seeking, stronger emotional reactivity, underdeveloped

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risk appraisal, and vulnerability to pure influence. So we go

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over to cognitive development. Formal operational stage begins around twelve,

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so you can see right towards the latter end of

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puberty for girls and almost for boys includes a hypothetical,

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deductive reasoning, abstract thinking, and systematic problem solving stage. This

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is where adolescence think about the future, moral dilemmas and

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possibilities beyond the concrete. However, mastery is not universal. Some

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adolescents apply formal reasoning only in domains of interest to

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familiarity adolescent egocentrism elkind. Even with advanced reasoning adolescents show

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ecocentric distortions and self awareness, so imaginary audience. Here's an example.

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Belief that others are constantly watching and judging. Everyone saw

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me mess up. I'm humiliated. This is what they used

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to do with. The social psychology world calls a spotlight

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effect personal favor belief fable personal fable, belief in one's

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uniqueness and invincibility. No one understands me, nothing bad will

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happen to me if I try this. These beliefs contribute

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to emotional highs, risk taking, and interpersonal sensitivity. And if

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you have adults that are still stuck in this kind

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of mentality, that gives you an idea of the delayed

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maturation for that adult. Marsha's identity stay status is so.

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This is based on Eric's identity versus role confusion stage,

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but Marsha identified four identity statuses along two dimensions, exploration

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and commitment. Identity diffusion means there's no exploration, no commitment, apathetic,

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unsure of values or direction. May appear disengaged or depressed

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in therapy. This is actually one of the criterias for

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borderline personality disorder that may not fit exactly to Marsha's definition,

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but identity diffusion as a word, we usually see identity foreclosure.

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Commitment without explorations often reflects parental values adopted uncritically may

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become rigid experience identity crisis. Later, moratorium is active exploration

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but no commitment, often seen in college years or adolescens.

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They're trying to learn and explore. Could be high anxiety,

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openness to therapy and insight. Finally is identy achievement exploration

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followed by commitment associated with greater self esteem, goal clarity,

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understand who they are better, and resilience. Adolescents begin constructing

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their possible selves, who they might become, hope to become,

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or fear becoming. These imagine future's dry behavior, and their

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goal setting, and are shaped by all kinds of things culture, peers,

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in media, social media influence, especially today social development. Peer

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influence peaks during early to mid adolescens can be positive

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encouraging achievement, or negative with substance use or delinquency. Social

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status clicks and exclusion shape self concept and emotional security.

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Teens would secure peer relationships report lower anxiety, better coping,

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and higher academic engagement. Adolescent relationships adolescens seek atonomy while

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maintaining emotional connection. Conflict increases in early adolescens, often over

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daily routines, independence, and boundaries. Authoritative parents as best supports

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individuation without disconnection. So the really key thing here is

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adolescence to seek atonomy but maintain want to maintain emotional connection.

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They really want to know that you're still there. It's

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almost like the secure base that we talked about in

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attachment theory. Family dynamics often reveal covert themes identity struggles,

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loyalty conflicts will roll diffusion parentified adolescens. Romantic relationships emerge

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in early to mid adolescence and initially focus on affiliation

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and social status. That evolve toward intimacy and support can

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be sources of validation. Emotional learning and distress, dating, violence, coersion,

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and jealousy may emerge in high conflict or emotionally immature relationships.

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Risk behaviors and protective factors. Some of the risk behaviors

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with adolescence the common ones or substance use, unsafe sex,

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reckless driving, delinquency, or self harm. These behaviors often serve

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developmental functions, testing limits and serting identity escaping emotional pain,

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belonging to a peer group, protective factors, no surprise, secure

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attachment to parents or mentors, involvement in schools, sports or clubs,

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future orientation and academic goals. Emotion regulation skills and coping

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strategies should be there all the way through their life.

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Protective environments don't eliminate risk, but they buffer its impact

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and provide a platform for recovery and growth. Some of

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the clinical things to think about therapeutic challenges resistance to authority,

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distrust of adults, fear of being fixed or pathologized, loyalty conflicts,

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protecting parents, mood variability. Successful therapy requires respect for their autonomy,

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allow choice, clarifying confidentiality limits early and often balancing individual

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therapy with family involvement, using creative modalities, narrative expressive arts,

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normal fluctuations and identity, mood and motivation, developmentally at tuned

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interventions like CBT, DBT, motivational interviewing, psycho education, and family

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based approaches like structural family therapy for system level issues.

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Adolescence isn't a problem to be solved, it's a process

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to be supported. So that's it for now. We've covered

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childhood adolescens. We're going to go into emerging in early

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adulthood next time. Thanks for listening, everybody,