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Speaker 4: Welcome to Astronomy Daily.
Speaker 5: I'm Anna, and we have an absolutely fascinating lineup of
Speaker 5: space discoveries and astronomical events to share with you today.
Speaker 5: From groundbreaking research that's challenging Einstein's fundamental theories about the universe,
Speaker 5: to new insights about how space travel affects human aging,
Speaker 5: the world of space science continues to amaze.
Speaker 4: And surprise us.
Speaker 5: We'll also explore some spectacular cosmic events, including a brilliant
Speaker 5: fireball that lit up the North American skies and an
Speaker 5: extraordinary experiment where NASA created artificial clouds beneath the glowing
Speaker 5: auroras of Norway. Plus, we'll look at the latest developments
Speaker 5: in satellite servicing technology and get an update on NASA's
Speaker 5: ambitious Tracer's mission. Stay with me as we journey through
Speaker 5: these extraordinary stories that are expanding our understanding of the
Speaker 5: cosmos and our place within it. Our first story today
Speaker 5: challenges one of the most fundamental theories in physics. Scientists
Speaker 5: from the universities of Geneva and Toulouse have been analyzing
Speaker 5: data from the Dark Energy Survey, and what they've found
Speaker 5: might make Einstein himself raise an eyebrow. They've been testing
Speaker 5: how gravity bends space and time across different periods of
Speaker 5: the universe's history, and the results aren't quite matching what
Speaker 5: Einstein's equations predicted. Think of the universe like a giant,
Speaker 5: flexible sheet that gets bent and curved by massive objects.
Speaker 5: That's how Einstein describes space time. When light travels through
Speaker 5: these curved areas, it bends, similar to how a glass
Speaker 5: lens bends light. Scientists call this gravitation lensing, and it's
Speaker 5: been one of the cornerstones of our understanding of how
Speaker 5: the universe works. The research team looked at an incredible
Speaker 5: one hundred million galaxies at different points in cosmic history,
Speaker 5: ranging from three point five to seven billion years ago.
Speaker 5: Here's where it gets interesting. When they looked at the
Speaker 5: distant past around six to seven billion years ago, everything
Speaker 5: lined up perfectly with Einstein's predictions. But as they looked
Speaker 5: at more recent times, about three point five to five
Speaker 5: billion years ago, they noticed something odd. The gravitational effects
Speaker 5: were slightly weaker than Einstein's theory suggested they should be.
Speaker 5: What makes this particularly intriguing is that this period coincides
Speaker 5: with when the universe's expansion started accelerating, something we still
Speaker 5: don't fully understand. Could these two mysteries be connected. The
Speaker 5: researchers think we might need to consider the possibility that
Speaker 5: gravity works differently at very large scales than Einstein's equations predict. Now,
Speaker 5: before we declare Einstein's theory in valid, it's important to
Speaker 5: note that the difference they found isn't quite strong enough
Speaker 5: to completely overturn his work. The scientists are calling it
Speaker 5: a three sigma difference, interesting enough to warrant further investigation,
Speaker 5: but not yet at the five sigma threshold that would
Speaker 5: signal a definitive discovery. They're now looking forward to analyzing
Speaker 5: new data from the EUCLID space telescope which should provide
Speaker 5: even more precise measurements to help solve this cosmic puzzle.
Speaker 5: The mysteries of space travel continue to reveal new challenges
Speaker 5: for human exploration, with recent research shedding light on how
Speaker 5: spaceflight affects our bodies at a fundamental level, speaking of
Speaker 5: science that needs further investigation, but interesting nonetheless, a groundbreaking
Speaker 5: study has found that time spent in space appears to
Speaker 5: accelerate many of the biological processes we typically associate with
Speaker 5: aging here on Earth. When astronauts venture beyond our atmosphere,
Speaker 5: their bodies undergo remarkable changes that mirror what happens during
Speaker 5: the age process, but at an accelerated rate. Scientists have
Speaker 5: discovered that space travel triggers significant shifts in genomic stability
Speaker 5: and causes our cellular powerhouses the mitochondria, to function less efficiently,
Speaker 5: similar to what happens as we age naturally. One of
Speaker 5: the most striking findings is how spaceflight affects inflammation in
Speaker 5: the body. The research shows that astronauts experience increased inflammatory responses,
Speaker 5: much like what we see in elderly populations on Earth.
Speaker 5: This is particularly concerning when we consider muscle health, as
Speaker 5: the study revealed patterns of muscle wasting that closely resemble
Speaker 5: a condition known as sarcophenia, which typically affects older adults.
Speaker 5: Perhaps most significantly, this is the first comprehensive examination that
Speaker 5: draws direct parallels between spaceflight and what scientists call biomarkers
Speaker 5: of frailty. These are essentially biological warning signs that indicate
Speaker 5: how quickly our bodies are aging and becoming more vulnerable
Speaker 5: to health issues. The research suggests that time and space
Speaker 5: might actually induce a frailty like condition in astronauts, regardless
Speaker 5: of their age. These findings aren't just important for space exploration,
Speaker 5: they could have far reaching implications for healthcare, both in
Speaker 5: space and on Earth. By understanding how spaceflight accelerates these
Speaker 5: aging processes, scientists might be able to develop new treatments
Speaker 5: that could help both astronauts and elderly populations. The research
Speaker 5: team is now advocating for the development of a specialized
Speaker 5: frailty index to monitor astronaut health during missions, which could
Speaker 5: become a crucial tool for ensuring the safety of future
Speaker 5: space explorers. Exciting developments are underway in the satellite servicing industry,
Speaker 5: as Northrop Grumman's Space Logistics division prepares for a groundbreaking
Speaker 5: twenty twenty six launch. They're developing what's called the Mission
Speaker 5: Robotic Vehicle, or MRV, a sophisticated spacecraft equipped with robotic
Speaker 5: arms that could revolutionize how we maintain satellites in orbit.
Speaker 5: These aren't just any robotic arms. They've been specially developed
Speaker 5: by the US Naval Research Laboratory and have already passed
Speaker 5: crucial testing phases. The arms will enable the MRV to
Speaker 5: perform intricate tasks on satellites positioned more than twenty two
Speaker 5: five hundred miles above Earth in geostationary orbit, where many
Speaker 5: of our critical communication satellites operate. What makes this particularly
Speaker 5: interesting is that space Logistics has already secured its first customers.
Speaker 5: Both Intelsat and Optis have signed up to have their
Speaker 5: satellite serviced with what are called mission extension pods. Think
Speaker 5: of these as space based jetpacks that can add about
Speaker 5: six years of operational life to satellites that are running
Speaker 5: low on fuel. This is crucial because roughly ten satellites
Speaker 5: in geostationary orbit reach the end of their operational life
Speaker 5: each year simply because they run out of fuel. The
Speaker 5: MRV represents a significant advancement over previous satellite servicing vehicles.
Speaker 5: Unlike its predecessors, it will be capable of performing more
Speaker 5: sophisticated tasks, including detailed inspections, repairs, and even relocating satellites
Speaker 5: to different orbits. These capabilities could prove invaluable for both
Speaker 5: commercial operators and government agencies looking to extend the life
Speaker 5: of their space assets. The economics of this technology are
Speaker 5: particularly compelling. The mission extension pods, weighing about three hundred
Speaker 5: and fifty kilograms each, offer a more cost effective solution
Speaker 5: compared to launching entirely new satellites. By using electric propulsion
Speaker 5: to reach their target orbits and relying on the MRV
Speaker 5: for installation, these pods provide a practical way to extend
Speaker 5: satellite operations without the enormous expense of replacement missions.
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Speaker 2: You can get one hundred dollars off.
Speaker 1: Any cocktail maker or cocktail maker bundle when you spend
Speaker 1: four hundred dollars or more so, if the cocktail lover
Speaker 1: in your life has been good this year or the
Speaker 1: right kind of bad, get them Bartesian at the push
Speaker 1: of a button, make Bark quality Cosmopolitans, Martini's, Manhattan's, and more,
Speaker 1: all in just thirty seconds, all for ae hundred off.
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Speaker 5: In a stunning display of science meeting natural wonder, NASA
Speaker 5: recently conducted a fascinating experiment in the Auroral skies over Norway.
Speaker 5: On November tenth, during a minor geomagnetic storm, two rockets
Speaker 5: launched from the Andoya Space Center carried out what's known
Speaker 5: as the Vorticity Experiment or vortex, creating artificial clouds that
Speaker 5: danced beneath the shimmering northern lights. The purpose of this
Speaker 5: experiment was to better understand the complex interactions occurring in
Speaker 5: a particular region of our atmosphere called the turbopause. This
Speaker 5: is where the mesosphere meets the thermosphere about fifty six
Speaker 5: miles up. To study these interactions, the rockets released a
Speaker 5: compound called trimethyl aluminum, which formed visible swirling patterns in
Speaker 5: the sky. Local photographer Ivar Sandland captured this remarkable event
Speaker 5: while on a road trip near Mount Stetton, Norway's National Mountain.
Speaker 5: He initially thought he was witnessing some strange cloud formation,
Speaker 5: only to later discover he had documented a significant scientific
Speaker 5: experiment in action. The timing couldn't have been better, as
Speaker 5: the artificial clouds appeared against a backdrop of vibrant auroral displays.
Speaker 5: The location of this experiment wasn't chosen by chance. The
Speaker 5: end doors OJEA Space Center's position near the Arctic Circle
Speaker 5: makes it an ideal spot for studying geomagnetic activity and auroras.
Speaker 5: This is because Earth's magnetic field naturally funnels charge particles
Speaker 5: from the Sun toward the poles, creating the perfect natural
Speaker 5: laboratory for understanding space weather phenomena. These artificial clouds aren't
Speaker 5: just for show. They serve as visible tracers that help
Speaker 5: scientists understand how gravity waves behave and interact at this
Speaker 5: crucial boundary in our atmosphere. This knowledge is vital for
Speaker 5: improving our understanding of atmospheric dynamics and their influence on
Speaker 5: our planet's weather and climate systems. While on the subject
Speaker 5: of unusual sits in our skies, a spectacular fireball lit
Speaker 5: up the skies over North America earlier this week, treating
Speaker 5: observers across the US Midwest and parts of Canada to
Speaker 5: a dazzling celestial show. Unlike the recent Starlink satellite re entry,
Speaker 5: this was a genuine visitor from outer space, blazing through
Speaker 5: our atmosphere early Monday morning at around six thirty one
Speaker 5: mountain time.
Speaker 4: The media created.
Speaker 5: Quite a spectacle as it streaked southeast across the morning sky,
Speaker 5: visible from Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada, throughout Montana, Idaho,
Speaker 5: and parts of Washington, Wyoming, and North Dakota.
Speaker 4: Eyewitnesses described a.
Speaker 5: Brilliant green streak that brightened dramatically for several seconds, creating
Speaker 5: such intense illumination that it briefly lit up the surrounding
Speaker 5: landscape like early morning. What makes this event particularly noteworthy
Speaker 5: is that it was captured not only by countless doorbell cameras,
Speaker 5: dash cams, and cell phones on the ground, but also
Speaker 5: by sophisticated equipment in space to Noah whether satellites, GOES
Speaker 5: sixteen and Goes eighteen detected the fireball using their lightning
Speaker 5: detection instruments, providing a unique perspective of this cosmic event
Speaker 5: from above. According to reports submitted to the American meteor Society,
Speaker 5: this was an exceptionally bright fireball. One observer in Alberta
Speaker 5: noted it was among the most spectacle tacular they'd ever witnessed,
Speaker 5: describing a greenish streak followed by an intense flash with
Speaker 5: a secondary dimmer flash along the same trail. Another witness
Speaker 5: in Montana reported that the meteor was so bright it
Speaker 5: temporarily illuminated their surroundings as if it were mid morning.
Speaker 5: These impressive displays occur when small pieces of space debris,
Speaker 5: known as meteoroids, collide with Earth's atmosphere at extremely high speeds.
Speaker 5: The friction generated by these collisions with air particles creates
Speaker 5: intense heat that vaporizes the space rocks, producing the brilliant
Speaker 5: streaks of light we see as meteors. While most of
Speaker 5: these visitors from space completely burn up in our atmosphere,
Speaker 5: they certainly know how to put on a spectacular show.
Speaker 4: On their way out.
Speaker 5: Next up, NASA's Tracer's mission has just hit a significant
Speaker 5: milestone with the completion of its twin spacecraft, marking a
Speaker 5: crucial step forward in our quest to better understand space weather.
Speaker 4: These satellites, built.
Speaker 5: By Millennium Space Systems, are designed to study a fascinating
Speaker 5: phenomenon that occurs where the solar wind meets Earth's protective
Speaker 5: magnetic field. The mission's primary focus is investigating magnetic reconnection,
Speaker 5: a powerful process that happens when magnetic fields intersect and
Speaker 5: release enormous amounts of energy. Think of it as a
Speaker 5: cosmic dance between the Sun's magnetic field and Earth's magnetosphere,
Speaker 5: creating bursts of energy that can affect everything from our
Speaker 5: power grids to satellite communications. What makes Tracers particularly innovative
Speaker 5: is its unique approach, using two satellites flying in formation
Speaker 5: through Earth's polar cusps. These are funnel shaped regions where
Speaker 5: our planet's magnetic field opens up over the North and
Speaker 5: South poles. By having two spacecraft collecting data in tandem,
Speaker 5: scientists will be able to observe how quickly these magnetic
Speaker 5: reconnection events evolve and change, giving us unprecedented insights into
Speaker 5: these complex processes. The completion of both satellites marks the
Speaker 5: transition from development to the crucial testing phase. Once testing
Speaker 5: wraps up, they'll be shipped to Vandenberg Space four Space
Speaker 5: in California for integration with their launch vehicle. The mission
Speaker 5: team is working towards a target launch date in early
Speaker 5: twenty twenty five, and they've already passed a critical review
Speaker 5: that gives them the green light to move forward with
Speaker 5: final preparations. This mission couldn't come at a more important time.
Speaker 5: As our society becomes increasingly dependent on satellite technology and
Speaker 5: power grids, understanding space weather becomes crucial for protecting our infrastructure.
Speaker 5: These twin spacecraft will serve as our eyes in the sky,
Speaker 5: helping us better predict and prepare for space weather events
Speaker 5: that could impact our daily lives. Now, we have a
Speaker 5: fascinating story of galactic survival which is unfolding right in
Speaker 5: our cosmic backyard, and the Hubble Space Telescope has given
Speaker 5: us a front row seat. The large Magellanic Cloud, one
Speaker 5: of our nearest galactic neighbors, has apparently just survived what
Speaker 5: we might call a close brush with the Milky Way,
Speaker 5: and it's showing us the scars of this encounter. This
Speaker 5: dwarf galaxy, which appears in our southern sky as an
Speaker 5: eye object about twenty times larger than the full Moon,
Speaker 5: seems to be just passing through rather than orbiting our galaxy.
Speaker 5: Scientists have discovered that this cosmic drive by has literally
Speaker 5: stripped away most of the gas surrounding the LMC, leaving
Speaker 5: it with an unusually small halo just fifty thousand light
Speaker 5: years across, which is tiny compared to similar galaxies. But
Speaker 5: here's what makes this story remarkable. The LMC has emerged
Speaker 5: as a true survivor. Despite losing most of its gaseous
Speaker 5: halo to our galaxy's gravitational influence, it's managed to hold
Speaker 5: on to just enough gas to keep forming new stars.
Speaker 5: This resilience comes down to its size. At about ten
Speaker 5: percent of the Milky Way's mass, it's actually quite hefty
Speaker 5: for a dwarf galaxy. The process that's stripped away most
Speaker 5: of the lmc's gas is called ram pressure stripping. Imagine
Speaker 5: our galaxy acting like a giant hair dryer, blowing away
Speaker 5: the lmc's gas as it passes through. The intense pressure
Speaker 5: has pushed back most of the original halo leaving just
Speaker 5: a small, stubborn remnant that refuses to be blown away.
Speaker 5: We know all this thanks to Hubble's unique ability to
Speaker 5: observe ultraviolet light and some clever use of background quasers
Speaker 5: as cosmic flashlights. The telescope analyzed light from twenty eight
Speaker 5: distant quasers passing through the lmc's halo, giving scientists their
Speaker 5: first real measurement of what's left of this cosmic survivor's
Speaker 5: gaseous envelope. Well, that brings us to the end of
Speaker 5: another fascinating episode of Astronomy Daily. I'm Anna, and I
Speaker 5: want to thank you for joining me on this journey
Speaker 5: through the latest discoveries in space and astronomy. From Einstein's
Speaker 5: theories being challenged to spectacular fireballs lighting up North American skies.
Speaker 4: It's been quite a show today.
Speaker 5: If you're hungry for more space news, I've got great
Speaker 5: news for you. You can catch up on all the
Speaker 5: latest developments in space and astronomy at our website, Astronomy
Speaker 5: Daily dot io. There you'll find our constantly updating news feed,
Speaker 5: all our past episodes, and you can sign up for
Speaker 5: our free daily newsletter to never miss a beat in
Speaker 5: space exploration and Hey, let's stay connected. You can find
Speaker 5: us across all major social media platforms. Just search for
Speaker 5: Astro Daily Pod on Facebook, x, YouTube and TikTok. Until
Speaker 5: next time, keep looking up and stay curious about our
Speaker 5: incredible universey.
Speaker 3: Start.
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