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Speaker 4: Welcome to Astronomy Daily.
Speaker 5: I'm Anna, and we have an absolutely fascinating lineup of
space discoveries and astronomical events to share with you today.
From groundbreaking research that's challenging Einstein's fundamental theories about the universe,
to new insights about how space travel affects human aging,
the world of space science continues to amaze.
Speaker 4: And surprise us.
Speaker 5: We'll also explore some spectacular cosmic events, including a brilliant
fireball that lit up the North American skies and an
extraordinary experiment where NASA created artificial clouds beneath the glowing
auroras of Norway. Plus, we'll look at the latest developments
in satellite servicing technology and get an update on NASA's
ambitious Tracer's mission. Stay with me as we journey through
these extraordinary stories that are expanding our understanding of the
cosmos and our place within it. Our first story today
challenges one of the most fundamental theories in physics. Scientists
from the universities of Geneva and Toulouse have been analyzing
data from the Dark Energy Survey, and what they've found
might make Einstein himself raise an eyebrow. They've been testing
how gravity bends space and time across different periods of
the universe's history, and the results aren't quite matching what
Einstein's equations predicted. Think of the universe like a giant,
flexible sheet that gets bent and curved by massive objects.
That's how Einstein describes space time. When light travels through
these curved areas, it bends, similar to how a glass
lens bends light. Scientists call this gravitation lensing, and it's
been one of the cornerstones of our understanding of how
the universe works. The research team looked at an incredible
one hundred million galaxies at different points in cosmic history,
ranging from three point five to seven billion years ago.
Here's where it gets interesting. When they looked at the
distant past around six to seven billion years ago, everything
lined up perfectly with Einstein's predictions. But as they looked
at more recent times, about three point five to five
billion years ago, they noticed something odd. The gravitational effects
were slightly weaker than Einstein's theory suggested they should be.
What makes this particularly intriguing is that this period coincides
with when the universe's expansion started accelerating, something we still
don't fully understand. Could these two mysteries be connected. The
researchers think we might need to consider the possibility that
gravity works differently at very large scales than Einstein's equations predict. Now,
before we declare Einstein's theory in valid, it's important to
note that the difference they found isn't quite strong enough
to completely overturn his work. The scientists are calling it
a three sigma difference, interesting enough to warrant further investigation,
but not yet at the five sigma threshold that would
signal a definitive discovery. They're now looking forward to analyzing
new data from the EUCLID space telescope which should provide
even more precise measurements to help solve this cosmic puzzle.
The mysteries of space travel continue to reveal new challenges
for human exploration, with recent research shedding light on how
spaceflight affects our bodies at a fundamental level, speaking of
science that needs further investigation, but interesting nonetheless, a groundbreaking
study has found that time spent in space appears to
accelerate many of the biological processes we typically associate with
aging here on Earth. When astronauts venture beyond our atmosphere,
their bodies undergo remarkable changes that mirror what happens during
the age process, but at an accelerated rate. Scientists have
discovered that space travel triggers significant shifts in genomic stability
and causes our cellular powerhouses the mitochondria, to function less efficiently,
similar to what happens as we age naturally. One of
the most striking findings is how spaceflight affects inflammation in
the body. The research shows that astronauts experience increased inflammatory responses,
much like what we see in elderly populations on Earth.
This is particularly concerning when we consider muscle health, as
the study revealed patterns of muscle wasting that closely resemble
a condition known as sarcophenia, which typically affects older adults.
Perhaps most significantly, this is the first comprehensive examination that
draws direct parallels between spaceflight and what scientists call biomarkers
of frailty. These are essentially biological warning signs that indicate
how quickly our bodies are aging and becoming more vulnerable
to health issues. The research suggests that time and space
might actually induce a frailty like condition in astronauts, regardless
of their age. These findings aren't just important for space exploration,
they could have far reaching implications for healthcare, both in
space and on Earth. By understanding how spaceflight accelerates these
aging processes, scientists might be able to develop new treatments
that could help both astronauts and elderly populations. The research
team is now advocating for the development of a specialized
frailty index to monitor astronaut health during missions, which could
become a crucial tool for ensuring the safety of future
space explorers. Exciting developments are underway in the satellite servicing industry,
as Northrop Grumman's Space Logistics division prepares for a groundbreaking
twenty twenty six launch. They're developing what's called the Mission
Robotic Vehicle, or MRV, a sophisticated spacecraft equipped with robotic
arms that could revolutionize how we maintain satellites in orbit.
These aren't just any robotic arms. They've been specially developed
by the US Naval Research Laboratory and have already passed
crucial testing phases. The arms will enable the MRV to
perform intricate tasks on satellites positioned more than twenty two
five hundred miles above Earth in geostationary orbit, where many
of our critical communication satellites operate. What makes this particularly
interesting is that space Logistics has already secured its first customers.
Both Intelsat and Optis have signed up to have their
satellite serviced with what are called mission extension pods. Think
of these as space based jetpacks that can add about
six years of operational life to satellites that are running
low on fuel. This is crucial because roughly ten satellites
in geostationary orbit reach the end of their operational life
each year simply because they run out of fuel. The
MRV represents a significant advancement over previous satellite servicing vehicles.
Unlike its predecessors, it will be capable of performing more
sophisticated tasks, including detailed inspections, repairs, and even relocating satellites
to different orbits. These capabilities could prove invaluable for both
commercial operators and government agencies looking to extend the life
of their space assets. The economics of this technology are
particularly compelling. The mission extension pods, weighing about three hundred
and fifty kilograms each, offer a more cost effective solution
compared to launching entirely new satellites. By using electric propulsion
to reach their target orbits and relying on the MRV
for installation, these pods provide a practical way to extend
satellite operations without the enormous expense of replacement missions.
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Speaker 2: You can get one hundred dollars off.
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Speaker 5: In a stunning display of science meeting natural wonder, NASA
recently conducted a fascinating experiment in the Auroral skies over Norway.
On November tenth, during a minor geomagnetic storm, two rockets
launched from the Andoya Space Center carried out what's known
as the Vorticity Experiment or vortex, creating artificial clouds that
danced beneath the shimmering northern lights. The purpose of this
experiment was to better understand the complex interactions occurring in
a particular region of our atmosphere called the turbopause. This
is where the mesosphere meets the thermosphere about fifty six
miles up. To study these interactions, the rockets released a
compound called trimethyl aluminum, which formed visible swirling patterns in
the sky. Local photographer Ivar Sandland captured this remarkable event
while on a road trip near Mount Stetton, Norway's National Mountain.
He initially thought he was witnessing some strange cloud formation,
only to later discover he had documented a significant scientific
experiment in action. The timing couldn't have been better, as
the artificial clouds appeared against a backdrop of vibrant auroral displays.
The location of this experiment wasn't chosen by chance. The
end doors OJEA Space Center's position near the Arctic Circle
makes it an ideal spot for studying geomagnetic activity and auroras.
This is because Earth's magnetic field naturally funnels charge particles
from the Sun toward the poles, creating the perfect natural
laboratory for understanding space weather phenomena. These artificial clouds aren't
just for show. They serve as visible tracers that help
scientists understand how gravity waves behave and interact at this
crucial boundary in our atmosphere. This knowledge is vital for
improving our understanding of atmospheric dynamics and their influence on
our planet's weather and climate systems. While on the subject
of unusual sits in our skies, a spectacular fireball lit
up the skies over North America earlier this week, treating
observers across the US Midwest and parts of Canada to
a dazzling celestial show. Unlike the recent Starlink satellite re entry,
this was a genuine visitor from outer space, blazing through
our atmosphere early Monday morning at around six thirty one
mountain time.
Speaker 4: The media created.
Speaker 5: Quite a spectacle as it streaked southeast across the morning sky,
visible from Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada, throughout Montana, Idaho,
and parts of Washington, Wyoming, and North Dakota.
Speaker 4: Eyewitnesses described a.
Speaker 5: Brilliant green streak that brightened dramatically for several seconds, creating
such intense illumination that it briefly lit up the surrounding
landscape like early morning. What makes this event particularly noteworthy
is that it was captured not only by countless doorbell cameras,
dash cams, and cell phones on the ground, but also
by sophisticated equipment in space to Noah whether satellites, GOES
sixteen and Goes eighteen detected the fireball using their lightning
detection instruments, providing a unique perspective of this cosmic event
from above. According to reports submitted to the American meteor Society,
this was an exceptionally bright fireball. One observer in Alberta
noted it was among the most spectacle tacular they'd ever witnessed,
describing a greenish streak followed by an intense flash with
a secondary dimmer flash along the same trail. Another witness
in Montana reported that the meteor was so bright it
temporarily illuminated their surroundings as if it were mid morning.
These impressive displays occur when small pieces of space debris,
known as meteoroids, collide with Earth's atmosphere at extremely high speeds.
The friction generated by these collisions with air particles creates
intense heat that vaporizes the space rocks, producing the brilliant
streaks of light we see as meteors. While most of
these visitors from space completely burn up in our atmosphere,
they certainly know how to put on a spectacular show.
Speaker 4: On their way out.
Speaker 5: Next up, NASA's Tracer's mission has just hit a significant
milestone with the completion of its twin spacecraft, marking a
crucial step forward in our quest to better understand space weather.
Speaker 4: These satellites, built.
Speaker 5: By Millennium Space Systems, are designed to study a fascinating
phenomenon that occurs where the solar wind meets Earth's protective
magnetic field. The mission's primary focus is investigating magnetic reconnection,
a powerful process that happens when magnetic fields intersect and
release enormous amounts of energy. Think of it as a
cosmic dance between the Sun's magnetic field and Earth's magnetosphere,
creating bursts of energy that can affect everything from our
power grids to satellite communications. What makes Tracers particularly innovative
is its unique approach, using two satellites flying in formation
through Earth's polar cusps. These are funnel shaped regions where
our planet's magnetic field opens up over the North and
South poles. By having two spacecraft collecting data in tandem,
scientists will be able to observe how quickly these magnetic
reconnection events evolve and change, giving us unprecedented insights into
these complex processes. The completion of both satellites marks the
transition from development to the crucial testing phase. Once testing
wraps up, they'll be shipped to Vandenberg Space four Space
in California for integration with their launch vehicle. The mission
team is working towards a target launch date in early
twenty twenty five, and they've already passed a critical review
that gives them the green light to move forward with
final preparations. This mission couldn't come at a more important time.
As our society becomes increasingly dependent on satellite technology and
power grids, understanding space weather becomes crucial for protecting our infrastructure.
These twin spacecraft will serve as our eyes in the sky,
helping us better predict and prepare for space weather events
that could impact our daily lives. Now, we have a
fascinating story of galactic survival which is unfolding right in
our cosmic backyard, and the Hubble Space Telescope has given
us a front row seat. The large Magellanic Cloud, one
of our nearest galactic neighbors, has apparently just survived what
we might call a close brush with the Milky Way,
and it's showing us the scars of this encounter. This
dwarf galaxy, which appears in our southern sky as an
eye object about twenty times larger than the full Moon,
seems to be just passing through rather than orbiting our galaxy.
Scientists have discovered that this cosmic drive by has literally
stripped away most of the gas surrounding the LMC, leaving
it with an unusually small halo just fifty thousand light
years across, which is tiny compared to similar galaxies. But
here's what makes this story remarkable. The LMC has emerged
as a true survivor. Despite losing most of its gaseous
halo to our galaxy's gravitational influence, it's managed to hold
on to just enough gas to keep forming new stars.
This resilience comes down to its size. At about ten
percent of the Milky Way's mass, it's actually quite hefty
for a dwarf galaxy. The process that's stripped away most
of the lmc's gas is called ram pressure stripping. Imagine
our galaxy acting like a giant hair dryer, blowing away
the lmc's gas as it passes through. The intense pressure
has pushed back most of the original halo leaving just
a small, stubborn remnant that refuses to be blown away.
We know all this thanks to Hubble's unique ability to
observe ultraviolet light and some clever use of background quasers
as cosmic flashlights. The telescope analyzed light from twenty eight
distant quasers passing through the lmc's halo, giving scientists their
first real measurement of what's left of this cosmic survivor's
gaseous envelope. Well, that brings us to the end of
another fascinating episode of Astronomy Daily. I'm Anna, and I
want to thank you for joining me on this journey
through the latest discoveries in space and astronomy. From Einstein's
theories being challenged to spectacular fireballs lighting up North American skies.
Speaker 4: It's been quite a show today.
Speaker 5: If you're hungry for more space news, I've got great
news for you. You can catch up on all the
latest developments in space and astronomy at our website, Astronomy
Daily dot io. There you'll find our constantly updating news feed,
all our past episodes, and you can sign up for
our free daily newsletter to never miss a beat in
space exploration and Hey, let's stay connected. You can find
us across all major social media platforms. Just search for
Astro Daily Pod on Facebook, x, YouTube and TikTok. Until
next time, keep looking up and stay curious about our
incredible universey.
Speaker 3: Start.
Speaker 1: Black Friday is coming, And for the adults in your
life who love the coolest toys, well there's something for
them this year too. Bartisian is the premiere craft cocktail
maker that automatically makes more than sixty seasonal and classic
cocktails each and out of thirty seconds at the push
of a button. And right now, Bartisian is having a
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off any cocktail maker or cocktail maker bundle when you
spend four hundred dollars or more so, if the cocktail
lover in your life has been good this year or
the right kind of bad, get them Bartisian at the
push of a button, make bar quality Cosmopolitans, Martini's, Manhattan's,
and more, all in just thirty seconds, all for ae
hundred off. Amazing toys aren't just for kids. Get one
hundred off a cocktail maker when you spend four hundred.
Through Cyber Monday, visit Bartisian dot com slash cocktail. That's
ba r tesia n.
Speaker 2: Dot com slash cocktail.
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promote the good stuff off. You can start by getting
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call eight hundred eight point one forty nine seventy five
to speak to an expert.