WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.160 --> 00:00:04.960 Latest interview of Elon Musk, like, how do you decide 2 00:00:06.759 --> 00:00:08.679 what progress the civilization has made? 3 00:00:09.560 --> 00:00:16.199 That's the most objective metric that any alien species, say 4 00:00:16.280 --> 00:00:21.280 visiting us, would calibrate how much progress. 5 00:00:20.920 --> 00:00:23.000 We've made as a civilization. 6 00:00:23.600 --> 00:00:25.239 And one of the most objective ways to do that 7 00:00:25.440 --> 00:00:30.920 is the amount of power that is any given civilization 8 00:00:31.079 --> 00:00:36.240 has been able to harness. And there was a Russian 9 00:00:36.320 --> 00:00:40.119 physicist actually I think by the name of Kadashov, who 10 00:00:40.200 --> 00:00:43.079 thought about this, and it's I think it's a good 11 00:00:43.119 --> 00:00:44.359 way to characterize it, which is. 12 00:00:47.159 --> 00:00:47.960 You can have. 13 00:00:49.439 --> 00:00:54.159 You can assess how well a civilization is harnessing the 14 00:00:54.200 --> 00:00:58.439 power available on the planet. That's a type one, and 15 00:00:58.479 --> 00:01:02.679 then type two would be how much of the stars 16 00:01:03.200 --> 00:01:05.640 power are you honessing? And then type three would be 17 00:01:05.719 --> 00:01:10.040 how much of the galaxy's power are you honessing? These 18 00:01:10.040 --> 00:01:15.959 are very objective and measurable numbers. So right now we're 19 00:01:16.480 --> 00:01:19.480 very low on Na Kadashev one scale, and if you say, 20 00:01:19.519 --> 00:01:25.439 like what proportion of our planet's power are we honessing, 21 00:01:25.799 --> 00:01:31.840 it's a very very tiny number. And basically we're harnessing 22 00:01:32.159 --> 00:01:38.200 almost nothing of our stars power. So the sun is 23 00:01:38.280 --> 00:01:43.000 truly an immense thing. It is it's difficult with words 24 00:01:43.040 --> 00:01:46.040 to characterize just how immense the Sun is, but this 25 00:01:46.120 --> 00:01:47.760 gives you sort of a sense of scale. 26 00:01:48.000 --> 00:01:52.000 Yeah, it's a big difficulty jump going from level one 27 00:01:52.000 --> 00:01:52.840 to level two. 28 00:01:53.400 --> 00:01:54.599 Very big difficulty jump. 29 00:01:54.719 --> 00:01:56.480 Yes, and level three and we don't even know how 30 00:01:56.519 --> 00:01:58.159 to do level three really well. 31 00:01:58.200 --> 00:02:01.159 Get yeah, yeah, exactly a. I'll figure it out. Yeah. 32 00:02:01.400 --> 00:02:03.959 One way to appreciate the size of the Sun is 33 00:02:04.000 --> 00:02:06.719 to think about how heavy is the Sun compared to 34 00:02:06.799 --> 00:02:09.439 all the rest of the mass in the Solar System. 35 00:02:09.759 --> 00:02:12.280 So the Sun is about ninety nine point eighty six 36 00:02:12.319 --> 00:02:17.639 percent of all mass in the Solar system, it's everything, 37 00:02:17.800 --> 00:02:21.759 and then off the remaining one zero point one four percent, 38 00:02:22.520 --> 00:02:26.159 most of that is Jupiter, one planet, So we're. 39 00:02:26.000 --> 00:02:26.719 A sole lightweight. 40 00:02:28.080 --> 00:02:31.759 Yes, the entire mass of Earth is in the tiny 41 00:02:31.800 --> 00:02:35.159 miss laneous category, where we're like, Earth is a tiny 42 00:02:35.240 --> 00:02:37.879 dust mote compared to the Sun. 43 00:02:38.159 --> 00:02:41.840 Well, but how much energy are we talking like coming 44 00:02:41.879 --> 00:02:46.000 from the Sun, especially compared to what we're using here 45 00:02:46.039 --> 00:02:46.479 on Earth. 46 00:02:46.919 --> 00:02:50.639 It feels like, Yeah, the incident's solar energy on the 47 00:02:50.680 --> 00:02:53.120 cross section of the Earth is roughly a half billionth 48 00:02:53.319 --> 00:02:59.120 of the Sun's power output, and the vast majority of 49 00:02:59.159 --> 00:03:02.680 that we cannot because you know, seventy percent of Earth 50 00:03:02.759 --> 00:03:06.039 is water. We should technically our plan should be called 51 00:03:06.120 --> 00:03:09.639 water because that is seventy percent water. And I think 52 00:03:09.680 --> 00:03:12.280 an alien civilization visiting us would be like, why are 53 00:03:12.280 --> 00:03:14.080 they're calling it Earth when it is mostly water? 54 00:03:14.599 --> 00:03:17.599 Where the greenland's not green? Of the of the gally 55 00:03:17.599 --> 00:03:19.479 of the solar system. 56 00:03:19.080 --> 00:03:25.039 Yeah, a bunch of the exactly even, we're seventy percent water, 57 00:03:25.599 --> 00:03:27.840 and then of the thirty percent best land, a bunch 58 00:03:27.879 --> 00:03:33.039 of it is either Antarctica or you know, Siberia type 59 00:03:33.080 --> 00:03:35.759 of thing, very northern Canada type of thing, very difficult 60 00:03:35.759 --> 00:03:38.439 to not places people typically. 61 00:03:38.039 --> 00:03:38.479 Want to live. 62 00:03:38.840 --> 00:03:40.919 And you're not going to get a lot of solar 63 00:03:40.960 --> 00:03:45.159 power at the polls. So the actual usable area of 64 00:03:46.159 --> 00:03:50.199 land that where you can get solar power is quite small. Anyway, 65 00:03:50.360 --> 00:03:54.879 in order to ascend the Cordship scale, in order to 66 00:03:55.120 --> 00:03:59.479 get to any meaningful percentage of the Sun's energy harnessed, 67 00:04:00.280 --> 00:04:02.520 you have to go to space. If you wanted to 68 00:04:02.520 --> 00:04:06.719 get to say, a millionth of the power output of 69 00:04:06.719 --> 00:04:12.560 the Sun, you would have to increase civilizational energy harnessed 70 00:04:12.639 --> 00:04:14.919 by much more than a million. 71 00:04:16.519 --> 00:04:20.079 So we currently use much less than a trillionth. 72 00:04:20.240 --> 00:04:23.839 Of the power output of the Sun, and a trillion 73 00:04:23.920 --> 00:04:27.800 is a million times a million. So so basically this 74 00:04:28.800 --> 00:04:33.120 we're basically practically nowhere on the sort of the Cottagship 75 00:04:33.199 --> 00:04:34.600 to scale, practically nowhere. 76 00:04:34.759 --> 00:04:37.160 So in CARDISHIV scale we're all still. 77 00:04:39.959 --> 00:04:44.879 Register We're like not, we're not even yeah, we're so 78 00:04:45.639 --> 00:04:49.279 we're not We're not registering not even a microsol. 79 00:04:49.600 --> 00:04:50.639 Yeah no. 80 00:04:51.720 --> 00:04:54.439 And so to actually what microsol would be an epic, 81 00:04:54.560 --> 00:04:56.000 epic achievement relative. 82 00:04:55.759 --> 00:04:58.040 To where we are right now, something to aspire to. 83 00:04:58.399 --> 00:04:59.920 Yeah, yeah, that's o gold. 84 00:05:00.639 --> 00:05:07.040 And like this is I think both simultaneously an incredibly 85 00:05:07.120 --> 00:05:11.680 adventurous goal relatives where we are and yet not particularly 86 00:05:11.680 --> 00:05:14.360 adventurous as a percentage of the Sun's energy to. 87 00:05:14.319 --> 00:05:15.480 Try to achieve. 88 00:05:16.639 --> 00:05:19.759 Powerhunness being one million of what the Sun outputs. 89 00:05:20.399 --> 00:05:23.279 And so to actually start a microstal that actually. 90 00:05:23.079 --> 00:05:25.600 Start getting there though we're not just gonna throw a 91 00:05:25.600 --> 00:05:27.800 solar raised in space try to soak up a bunch 92 00:05:27.839 --> 00:05:30.120 of the sun. Like there has to be a need, 93 00:05:30.360 --> 00:05:33.000 like you want to go up there and do something meaningful, 94 00:05:33.360 --> 00:05:36.560 And obviously until this point in human history, like there 95 00:05:36.600 --> 00:05:41.279 hasn't really been a need. What has changed to make 96 00:05:41.360 --> 00:05:43.839 us think that like, maybe now's the time to start 97 00:05:44.000 --> 00:05:46.680 trying to notch a percentage point or two, I mean. 98 00:05:46.680 --> 00:05:50.800 Getting too a percent of the Sun's energy, maybe not 99 00:05:50.879 --> 00:05:53.319 a percentity Let's go like, well, well the desci will 100 00:05:53.319 --> 00:05:56.279 point back. So you're extremely thick ass civilization if you 101 00:05:56.319 --> 00:05:58.399 get one percent of the Sun's energy. And I'm like, wow, 102 00:05:59.199 --> 00:06:04.519 that civilizations be vastly more powerful in us, to say 103 00:06:04.560 --> 00:06:09.519 the least. So in order to start to make some 104 00:06:09.560 --> 00:06:14.000 progress on the Cottashef scale, we need to launch satellites 105 00:06:14.040 --> 00:06:19.759 to to to orbit Earth and capture solar power. And 106 00:06:20.839 --> 00:06:24.240 that avoids the need to build massive power plants on 107 00:06:24.319 --> 00:06:28.959 Earth and deal with cooling because cooling is actually much 108 00:06:29.000 --> 00:06:32.319 easier in space than it is on Earth. You can 109 00:06:32.399 --> 00:06:38.399 just radiate to the vacuum. And and so what what 110 00:06:38.560 --> 00:06:40.639 we're proposing here and what we intend to do, is 111 00:06:41.160 --> 00:06:44.360 to try to claim the Cottagechef scale to be kind 112 00:06:44.360 --> 00:06:49.639 of like a respectable civilization. So when the aliens, hopefully 113 00:06:49.639 --> 00:06:53.399 there are aliens out there, and they maybe finally decide 114 00:06:53.439 --> 00:06:56.439 to talk to us, you know where we have where 115 00:06:56.480 --> 00:07:00.000 where we have some respectable amount of the Sun's energy 116 00:07:00.040 --> 00:07:05.680 being used, that's not like totally pathetic, which is the 117 00:07:05.720 --> 00:07:06.439 current situation. 118 00:07:06.879 --> 00:07:10.519 And so before we start sending data centers, sending all 119 00:07:10.560 --> 00:07:13.439 of this to space, there are some limiting factors that 120 00:07:13.519 --> 00:07:16.480 we got to get there that would traditionally make it 121 00:07:16.519 --> 00:07:18.680 so like this is almost as possible. 122 00:07:18.759 --> 00:07:22.000 Yeah, what does it take to scale? Yeah? So things 123 00:07:22.000 --> 00:07:25.279 it takes to scale are you need to have a 124 00:07:25.360 --> 00:07:28.160 large mask to orbit capability, which is what Starship will 125 00:07:28.199 --> 00:07:28.560 give us. 126 00:07:29.319 --> 00:07:31.519 That large mask. So you know, you. 127 00:07:31.560 --> 00:07:35.439 Ultimately need to send millions of tons to orbit and beyond, 128 00:07:35.839 --> 00:07:39.560 and you need the power associated with that. So if 129 00:07:39.560 --> 00:07:41.839 you want to put one hundred big wettes or ultimately 130 00:07:41.879 --> 00:07:45.600 a tarwowat into space from Earth, you need you will 131 00:07:45.600 --> 00:07:49.319 at some point need a tarowatt of solar and then 132 00:07:49.360 --> 00:07:51.639 you're going to need a tirawot of AI chips. So 133 00:07:51.680 --> 00:07:53.759 the three things you need a mask to orbit, a 134 00:07:53.800 --> 00:07:59.279 lot of solar power and radiators of course, and a 135 00:07:59.279 --> 00:07:59.879 lot of chips. 136 00:08:00.560 --> 00:08:03.000 All right, well let's start ticking down the list. So 137 00:08:03.879 --> 00:08:07.800 mass orbit that's where Starship comes in. We just had 138 00:08:08.439 --> 00:08:12.680 first flight V three. It's awesome. I know you were there. 139 00:08:13.160 --> 00:08:16.199 It was crazy to see that rocket launch and like, 140 00:08:16.360 --> 00:08:19.160 long time coming. What's kind of what Starship's kind of 141 00:08:19.240 --> 00:08:21.759 purpose of being, What is it going to be doing? 142 00:08:23.240 --> 00:08:29.399 Yeah, so Starship is going to it's going to revolutionize space. Really, 143 00:08:29.439 --> 00:08:34.039 it's the first rocket design that is capable of full 144 00:08:34.080 --> 00:08:38.639 and rapid reusability. Now, reusability is the fundamental breakthrough that 145 00:08:38.759 --> 00:08:42.120 is necessary to make life multiplanetary as well as to 146 00:08:42.200 --> 00:08:45.279 ascend the Cottership scale. You simply cannot ascend the Cottership 147 00:08:45.320 --> 00:08:49.720 scale unless you have a reusable spacecraft, and you cannot 148 00:08:50.120 --> 00:08:53.159 extend life to the Moon, to Mars and rest the 149 00:08:53.200 --> 00:08:55.159 Solar System without a reusable rocket. 150 00:08:56.679 --> 00:08:58.120 The cost is simply prohibitive. 151 00:08:58.600 --> 00:09:01.519 You can't You can't make enough rockets unless you fly, 152 00:09:01.720 --> 00:09:04.320 unless you can refly them. Just like any other mode 153 00:09:04.360 --> 00:09:07.200 of transport. You can imagine that if we had to 154 00:09:07.200 --> 00:09:10.440 throw away airplanes every time we flew, flying would be 155 00:09:10.519 --> 00:09:13.360 far too expensive and basically no one would be flying airplanes. 156 00:09:13.399 --> 00:09:14.600 You're doing a whole lot more driving. 157 00:09:16.480 --> 00:09:21.919 Yes, every mode of transport is reusable with that which 158 00:09:22.000 --> 00:09:31.080 is simply not viable as a transport system. So cars, planes, boats, forces, bicycles. 159 00:09:30.720 --> 00:09:32.080 Are all obviously reusable. 160 00:09:33.399 --> 00:09:36.320 With rockets, it's much harder to make a rocket reusable 161 00:09:36.360 --> 00:09:40.879 because Earth has a deep gravity well and a thick atmosphere, 162 00:09:41.559 --> 00:09:45.240 and these make it just barely possible to achieve reusability 163 00:09:45.279 --> 00:09:49.639 with a rocket. And there have been many prior attempts 164 00:09:49.720 --> 00:09:55.120 to create a fully reusable rocket, and they most of 165 00:09:55.120 --> 00:09:57.919 those attempts have been abandoned part way through because they 166 00:09:58.320 --> 00:10:02.679 didn't think they could succeed. In order to achieve full reusability, 167 00:10:02.879 --> 00:10:06.200 everything has got to be perfect, the engines, the structure, 168 00:10:06.519 --> 00:10:13.000 the avionics, the choice of propellant. You've got to you've 169 00:10:13.039 --> 00:10:15.759 got to go to extreme measures for mass optimization, which 170 00:10:15.759 --> 00:10:18.000 is why we have the tower catch the rocket instead 171 00:10:18.000 --> 00:10:19.320 of putting on landing. 172 00:10:19.039 --> 00:10:21.840 Legs which are heavy. The rocket can s if we 173 00:10:21.879 --> 00:10:22.799 be caught by the tower. 174 00:10:23.080 --> 00:10:26.000 And we haven't achieved full reusability yet, but we do 175 00:10:26.120 --> 00:10:29.519 expect to achieve that hopefully later this year with Starship. 176 00:10:29.759 --> 00:10:32.360 And then you've got to achieve full reusability. They've also 177 00:10:32.919 --> 00:10:33.919 if you got to go step. 178 00:10:33.720 --> 00:10:38.039 Beyond that, which is make it rapidly reuseable, such that 179 00:10:38.799 --> 00:10:41.720 the rocket lands, gets caught by the tower, is put 180 00:10:42.120 --> 00:10:44.480 back on the launch stand and can be flown again 181 00:10:44.720 --> 00:10:48.360 without any refurbishment or laborious. 182 00:10:47.799 --> 00:10:51.840 Inspection like an aircraft. Yeah, this is incredibly difficult. 183 00:10:52.360 --> 00:10:54.159 This is the first time that there's ever been a 184 00:10:54.240 --> 00:10:56.200 rocket where that is possible. 185 00:10:57.000 --> 00:10:58.799 That's what makes starships so profound. 186 00:10:59.000 --> 00:11:03.360 It also happen is to be the largest flying object 187 00:11:03.399 --> 00:11:06.840 ever made, the heaviest playing object ever made, the most 188 00:11:06.879 --> 00:11:10.759 powerful moving object of any kind. Starship V three is 189 00:11:12.000 --> 00:11:14.000 more than double the thrust of it the Saturn five 190 00:11:14.039 --> 00:11:18.080 Moon rocket. By version four will be pretty much three 191 00:11:18.080 --> 00:11:20.720 times the thrust of a Saturn five Moon rocket, and 192 00:11:20.759 --> 00:11:24.600 we expect this, We expect Starship to be flying more 193 00:11:24.600 --> 00:11:26.200 than once per hour down the road. 194 00:11:26.440 --> 00:11:28.440 One of the fun facts from flight twelve that was 195 00:11:28.759 --> 00:11:32.919 actually the heaviest payload SpaceX has ever flown, and that's 196 00:11:32.919 --> 00:11:36.120 still just a fraction of what V three can do. 197 00:11:36.399 --> 00:11:43.240 So yes, I mean once we're flying massive amounts really rapidly. 198 00:11:43.360 --> 00:11:46.240 I mean we already fly the majority of payload to 199 00:11:46.240 --> 00:11:53.320 space with Falcon Do people even really understand what mass 200 00:11:53.480 --> 00:11:56.200 or of it becomes one starship is flying. 201 00:11:57.559 --> 00:12:00.679 It's many orders ninety two greater than and what is 202 00:12:00.919 --> 00:12:05.279 the case today. So even with Falcon nine, Falcon Heavy, 203 00:12:05.960 --> 00:12:10.919 SpaceX levers almost ninety percent of all Earth mass to orbit. 204 00:12:11.759 --> 00:12:15.559 I think between eighty five ninety percent right now, and 205 00:12:15.600 --> 00:12:18.240 then most of the remaining mass I think is launched 206 00:12:18.240 --> 00:12:20.240 by China, and then the rest of the world, including 207 00:12:20.240 --> 00:12:23.279 the rest of the US, is the remaining I don't know, 208 00:12:23.440 --> 00:12:30.000 five to seven percent. Now with with Starship, we'll be 209 00:12:30.039 --> 00:12:33.240 aiming to go from somewhere around twenty five hundred tons 210 00:12:33.360 --> 00:12:36.200 a year to orbit to millions of tons per year 211 00:12:36.240 --> 00:12:40.120 to orbit, and to do so at a pretty short 212 00:12:40.240 --> 00:12:43.639 period of time. So we think probably we can get 213 00:12:43.679 --> 00:12:51.000 to a million tons to RBOT per year in about 214 00:12:51.360 --> 00:12:54.200 three years thereabouts Starship. 215 00:12:54.799 --> 00:12:57.240 Starship is going to take care of the master or 216 00:12:57.240 --> 00:13:01.200 a bit limiting factor, yes, and then power generation, So 217 00:13:01.440 --> 00:13:05.919 first and A and maybe you can help people probably 218 00:13:05.960 --> 00:13:08.080 struggle to visualize a little bit when you say, like 219 00:13:08.159 --> 00:13:11.039 data center in space, Like we're not going to slap 220 00:13:11.320 --> 00:13:13.399 engines on a building and fly it up there, Like 221 00:13:13.440 --> 00:13:16.879 these actually look like pretty different and so kind of 222 00:13:16.919 --> 00:13:20.200 walk through how you take something that's in a giant 223 00:13:20.200 --> 00:13:22.840 building on the ground and turn it into something that's 224 00:13:22.879 --> 00:13:23.799 functional in space. 225 00:13:24.360 --> 00:13:26.240 Yeah, I think it's it's pretty interesting. 226 00:13:26.279 --> 00:13:28.159 A lot of people don't actually know what the inside 227 00:13:28.159 --> 00:13:29.000 of a data center. 228 00:13:28.799 --> 00:13:32.679 Even looks like, right, and it's a mythical place where 229 00:13:33.200 --> 00:13:34.480 the Internet's in the cloud. 230 00:13:34.240 --> 00:13:36.919 Or yeah, some people in vision wire, some people in 231 00:13:37.039 --> 00:13:41.000 vision boxes. But like, effectually it comes down to a 232 00:13:41.039 --> 00:13:44.279 set number of chips and the things that we need 233 00:13:44.320 --> 00:13:47.000 to launch into space are actually quite small when we 234 00:13:47.039 --> 00:13:49.960 look at it. The more challenging part is figuring out 235 00:13:49.960 --> 00:13:51.919 how to get how do you get the power for it? 236 00:13:52.320 --> 00:13:54.919 And that's where a lot of what we've worked on 237 00:13:55.159 --> 00:14:00.919 for existing like star wink technology, the solar rays are 238 00:14:00.960 --> 00:14:04.039 what we want to utilize that expertise to to be 239 00:14:04.080 --> 00:14:06.279 able to build a satellite that can actually launch the 240 00:14:06.320 --> 00:14:11.600 critical components of the data center into space itself. We 241 00:14:11.759 --> 00:14:14.279 like to look at this and say, like what is 242 00:14:14.320 --> 00:14:17.039 what is the actual engineering problem here? And and it's 243 00:14:17.120 --> 00:14:20.919 it's really a combination of delivering power and then taking 244 00:14:20.960 --> 00:14:23.279 the waste heat and energy away and sending it into 245 00:14:23.279 --> 00:14:27.159 the vacuum of space. As you mentioned, Yeah, uh, Now, 246 00:14:27.360 --> 00:14:32.279 the the AI satellite is actually much simpler than a 247 00:14:32.360 --> 00:14:36.360 starling satellite. It's a stalling satellite, has has gigantic phase 248 00:14:36.480 --> 00:14:41.600 ray antennas. Uh, it's got uh you know, parabolic antennas. 249 00:14:41.639 --> 00:14:46.159 It's got uh, you know a lot of laser links. 250 00:14:47.879 --> 00:14:51.120 It's a it's it's much more complicated than an AI satellite, 251 00:14:51.120 --> 00:14:54.639 and AI satellite is essentially a lot of solar cells, 252 00:14:55.519 --> 00:14:59.200 a radiator, and you still need some laser links, but 253 00:14:59.240 --> 00:15:03.559 you don't have of the super complex antennas. 254 00:15:03.080 --> 00:15:04.480 That you have on a stalling satellite. 255 00:15:04.679 --> 00:15:07.840 So I mean, given the two, the easier one to 256 00:15:08.000 --> 00:15:10.799 design for is the the AI satellite. 257 00:15:11.080 --> 00:15:13.919 Yeah, it's just a little bit bigger. It's bigger. 258 00:15:14.240 --> 00:15:15.120 Just makes stuff bigger. 259 00:15:15.200 --> 00:15:15.399 Yeah. 260 00:15:15.440 --> 00:15:19.360 I was like, so we've got this is our AI 261 00:15:19.480 --> 00:15:20.519 one if you guys want to. 262 00:15:20.480 --> 00:15:22.320 Walk us through. Yeah. 263 00:15:22.360 --> 00:15:24.840 So the first thing that we're really looking at here 264 00:15:24.960 --> 00:15:27.759 is like, first, you've got to make something compelling, right, 265 00:15:27.840 --> 00:15:30.440 And we thought that the right place to start is 266 00:15:31.120 --> 00:15:32.399 around one hundred and fifty. 267 00:15:32.200 --> 00:15:34.320 Kilowatt like peak power level. 268 00:15:35.080 --> 00:15:37.440 But as we look at the workloads with our experience 269 00:15:37.440 --> 00:15:41.759 with XAI, we get to actually see that we can 270 00:15:41.799 --> 00:15:44.519 also support about one hundred and twenty kilowats of average compute. 271 00:15:44.559 --> 00:15:47.279 There's a difference. What we're showing here is kind of 272 00:15:47.360 --> 00:15:52.279 a draft version of the. 273 00:15:51.120 --> 00:15:54.480 Version one of the of the SpaceX AI satellite AI one, 274 00:15:54.519 --> 00:15:57.600 I guess you could call it, and seems like a 275 00:15:57.600 --> 00:16:01.440 reasonable place to start is undred and fifty kilowatts peak 276 00:16:01.519 --> 00:16:05.039 power one hundred and twenty kilowatt sustained power. And to 277 00:16:05.080 --> 00:16:06.600 give you a sense of what does that actually look 278 00:16:06.679 --> 00:16:08.440 like in terms of the size of the. 279 00:16:08.480 --> 00:16:12.240 Radiator size of the solar panels, the assumptions. 280 00:16:11.759 --> 00:16:14.919 Here are two hundred and fifty what's per square meter 281 00:16:15.080 --> 00:16:19.440 for the solar array and about fourteen hundred what's per 282 00:16:19.519 --> 00:16:22.000 square meter for the radiators. So the radiators, these are 283 00:16:22.000 --> 00:16:27.399 double side radiators, are radiating both sides, they're oriented knife 284 00:16:27.480 --> 00:16:32.480 edge to the Sun, and it's fourteen hundred washpos square 285 00:16:32.480 --> 00:16:35.919 meter is a very achievable goal. Over time, we think 286 00:16:35.919 --> 00:16:38.279 we can probably do above chatter fifty washed post square 287 00:16:38.320 --> 00:16:41.639 meter and above fourteen hundred what's per square meter for 288 00:16:41.679 --> 00:16:44.840 the solar panels radiators, respectively. 289 00:16:45.919 --> 00:16:49.519 But this gives you like a this is pretty much 290 00:16:49.519 --> 00:16:51.840 what the satellite's going to look like. Yeah, it's a lot. 291 00:16:51.799 --> 00:16:55.279 Of solar panels, radiator, and then everything else is pretty small. 292 00:16:55.120 --> 00:16:55.720 Like embarrassy. 293 00:16:56.000 --> 00:16:58.799 And these are like evolutions of things that we have 294 00:16:58.919 --> 00:17:03.600 actually already launched in our Starlink constellation to date. Yeah, 295 00:17:03.879 --> 00:17:05.880 that's that's really I think the cool part to me 296 00:17:06.000 --> 00:17:09.319 is that we're looking at solar technology that we already 297 00:17:09.640 --> 00:17:13.319 are going to use on the V three Starlink vehicle. 298 00:17:13.440 --> 00:17:17.279 So I'm like really excited to then just take those 299 00:17:17.279 --> 00:17:18.079 and make it bigger. 300 00:17:18.960 --> 00:17:21.279 Yeah. Part of what we want to convey here is 301 00:17:21.319 --> 00:17:22.400 that there's not some. 302 00:17:24.119 --> 00:17:28.359 Magic that's necessary that doesn't exist for the AI satellites. 303 00:17:29.519 --> 00:17:31.000 As I had said, this is a lot of this 304 00:17:31.160 --> 00:17:35.839 is technology we've already made for the Starlink B three satellites. 305 00:17:36.920 --> 00:17:40.680 So it's basically, don't think this is a super hard 306 00:17:40.720 --> 00:17:42.599 problem compared to things we already do. 307 00:17:44.079 --> 00:17:45.599 They would also be probably something on the. 308 00:17:45.640 --> 00:17:49.759 Order of a twer bit of connectivity of laser link connectivity. 309 00:17:49.160 --> 00:17:51.319 From the on the satellite. 310 00:17:52.480 --> 00:17:56.559 One hundred and fifty killawak peak power level is roughly 311 00:17:56.599 --> 00:17:57.559 matches Le's ay. 312 00:17:57.680 --> 00:18:02.000 An Nvidio GV three hundred rack would do, so a. 313 00:18:01.960 --> 00:18:05.720 GB three hundred with seventy two GPUs it's peak power 314 00:18:05.720 --> 00:18:08.200 I think is around one hundred and forty kilowatts, but 315 00:18:08.240 --> 00:18:10.480 it's rarely it's it's almost impossible to get it to 316 00:18:11.079 --> 00:18:15.519 be at that pep power. A more reasonable operating envelope 317 00:18:15.559 --> 00:18:18.279 would be around one hundred and twenty twenty kilos average power, 318 00:18:19.480 --> 00:18:21.839 but it can peak up to one hundred and fifty. 319 00:18:21.920 --> 00:18:25.480 So that's it's basically thinking about as a rack of 320 00:18:25.480 --> 00:18:30.319 compute in space. And then you can connect these these 321 00:18:30.400 --> 00:18:34.160 racks of compute to either each other by the laser 322 00:18:34.160 --> 00:18:38.720 links or directly to the stalling constellations. So you can 323 00:18:38.759 --> 00:18:42.640 close the link with the stalling constellation, and then Stalling 324 00:18:42.880 --> 00:18:47.519 can then send that data to the ground using the 325 00:18:47.559 --> 00:18:51.920 existing KA and KU antennas on the on the vehicle, 326 00:18:52.720 --> 00:18:56.039 it also has laser links to the ground as well, so. 327 00:18:57.920 --> 00:19:00.720 And this would not be out of particularly highlight and 328 00:19:00.759 --> 00:19:01.039 see it. 329 00:19:01.440 --> 00:19:05.079 You know, we're talking about you know, maybe being around 330 00:19:05.599 --> 00:19:11.000 six to eight hundred kilometers above the Earth, and light 331 00:19:11.079 --> 00:19:16.720 travels three hundred kilometers per millisecond, so that's it's about, you. 332 00:19:16.680 --> 00:19:19.359 Know, three milliseconds away. It's not not very far. 333 00:19:20.119 --> 00:19:22.559 Won't worry about that too much though somethings. 334 00:19:23.000 --> 00:19:25.000 I think it's gonna be some like high late and 335 00:19:25.039 --> 00:19:27.640 sy them like, yeah, no, speed of light. 336 00:19:27.599 --> 00:19:31.759 Moves pretty fast, moves pretty fast. It's all one. Yeah. 337 00:19:31.920 --> 00:19:34.480 I think The cool thing also is the the radiators 338 00:19:34.519 --> 00:19:38.240 themselves are about the same size as the existing solar 339 00:19:38.279 --> 00:19:39.720 race for a V three vehicle. 340 00:19:40.960 --> 00:19:42.559 Kind of kind of in that that realm where we're 341 00:19:42.559 --> 00:19:43.160 flying today. 342 00:19:43.440 --> 00:19:45.680 Yeah, So I mean they got they got about a 343 00:19:45.759 --> 00:19:49.119 seventy meter wingspan. So these are fairly large, and we're 344 00:19:49.119 --> 00:19:52.119 talking about building a lot of them and putting them 345 00:19:52.200 --> 00:19:56.119 up there. But you like to say like spaces in 346 00:19:56.160 --> 00:19:58.680 the name, Like there's there's a lot of space up there. 347 00:19:58.759 --> 00:20:02.960 And so even when you're talking thousands or even you know, 348 00:20:03.039 --> 00:20:05.799 up to a million satellites, you got plenty of room 349 00:20:05.839 --> 00:20:06.759 to move around up there. 350 00:20:06.880 --> 00:20:10.000 Yeah, space is really big, So it's like it's not 351 00:20:10.079 --> 00:20:11.440 like space is going to get crowded. 352 00:20:13.160 --> 00:20:14.559 Space is enormous. 353 00:20:14.559 --> 00:20:16.680 Like if you're zoom in close to the satellite, looks big, 354 00:20:17.119 --> 00:20:20.160 but if you actually look at it relatively relative to 355 00:20:20.240 --> 00:20:22.359 the Earth, the satellites are so tiny you can you 356 00:20:22.400 --> 00:20:23.599 can't even see them. 357 00:20:24.440 --> 00:20:28.519 So they're very very tiny compared to Earth. 358 00:20:29.599 --> 00:20:33.039 And I mean, we have ten about ten thousand starlinks 359 00:20:33.079 --> 00:20:36.240 in orbit right now. We've got a pretty good idea 360 00:20:36.279 --> 00:20:39.960 of how to operate just really large constellations and do 361 00:20:40.039 --> 00:20:40.559 it safely. 362 00:20:40.599 --> 00:20:43.400 Now right we are the only operator that has any 363 00:20:43.400 --> 00:20:47.519 experience of that scale. It's it's a great thing that 364 00:20:48.160 --> 00:20:49.839 you know we have this background, so we know how 365 00:20:49.880 --> 00:20:52.759 tightly we can pack the satellites and inside them safely. 366 00:20:52.839 --> 00:20:55.319 That's that's a number one goal when we look at 367 00:20:55.359 --> 00:20:55.960 the constellation. 368 00:20:56.559 --> 00:20:59.079 We're going to be building a lot of satellites, and 369 00:20:59.160 --> 00:21:02.960 we're gonna be building here in Bastra, right, so we've 370 00:21:03.160 --> 00:21:06.920 we've got this, which so we're in the building kind 371 00:21:06.920 --> 00:21:09.079 of in the middle, which we're sitting in that building 372 00:21:09.160 --> 00:21:11.559 right now. This is my first time here. The building 373 00:21:11.640 --> 00:21:14.759 is massive, Like you come around the corner, you see 374 00:21:14.759 --> 00:21:17.119 it through the trees and you're like, oh wow, but 375 00:21:17.599 --> 00:21:19.839 we're about to kind of put this building to shame, 376 00:21:19.839 --> 00:21:20.279 aren't we. 377 00:21:21.440 --> 00:21:25.720 Yes, we're gonna. In fact, we're already have the solar 378 00:21:25.839 --> 00:21:32.599 manufacturing facility. It's under construction already, and and then we 379 00:21:32.640 --> 00:21:35.799 will be building out the a SAT production building soon. 380 00:21:37.000 --> 00:21:42.039 And yeah, so we expect to have the the ASAT production, 381 00:21:42.240 --> 00:21:48.799 the solo production, and all of that operating at some 382 00:21:48.920 --> 00:21:50.680 reasonable volume by the end of next year. 383 00:21:51.240 --> 00:21:54.599 So if anybody wants to work on AI satellite, this 384 00:21:54.640 --> 00:21:56.559 is kind of going to become the hub of that. 385 00:21:56.920 --> 00:21:58.759 We're also so I mean, like right behind us, the 386 00:21:58.799 --> 00:22:01.839 machines are humming and we're still making all of our 387 00:22:01.920 --> 00:22:06.079 user terminals for starlink here, that's not going anywhere. In fact, 388 00:22:06.119 --> 00:22:10.039 we're turning on new production lines for new units right Yes. 389 00:22:10.839 --> 00:22:14.680 In fact, these are the new stalling terminals, which we 390 00:22:14.839 --> 00:22:19.480 made in much high volume than the current terminals, and 391 00:22:19.640 --> 00:22:22.319 ultimately we think there's probably going to be a few one. 392 00:22:22.279 --> 00:22:24.200 Hundred million stalling terminals out there. 393 00:22:24.640 --> 00:22:29.599 And then the stalling direct to sell constellation will connect 394 00:22:29.640 --> 00:22:33.759 directed to people's cell phones and enable high vanterwith communication 395 00:22:33.880 --> 00:22:35.519 directly from your phone to space. 396 00:22:35.720 --> 00:22:39.720 All right, we're two limiting factors down. We've got master orbit, 397 00:22:40.359 --> 00:22:43.839 got putting solar, and a few third ones chips. 398 00:22:44.359 --> 00:22:48.960 Yes, so at least in the beginning, we can obviously 399 00:22:49.000 --> 00:22:53.720 launch the chips that are already being made. So our 400 00:22:53.759 --> 00:22:59.440 current reference design is for in Vidio Reuben chips or 401 00:22:59.640 --> 00:23:02.880