1 00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:03,319 Speaker 1: Let me tell you a bit about the setup I 2 00:00:03,560 --> 00:00:08,480 have here. First off, I've got two clocks in the office. 3 00:00:09,160 --> 00:00:12,720 One of them is on the wall above my desk 4 00:00:13,119 --> 00:00:16,199 and the other one is above the whiteboard in the 5 00:00:16,239 --> 00:00:20,320 teaching area. I also have a poster above the desk 6 00:00:20,800 --> 00:00:24,800 where I meet my students for their English lessons. Oh 7 00:00:24,839 --> 00:00:27,320 and I keep a sweater over the back of my 8 00:00:27,559 --> 00:00:31,519 chair to put over my shoulders when it gets too 9 00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:38,799 cold in here. From the ac above and over, let's talk. 10 00:00:42,719 --> 00:00:46,359 Speaker 2: Welcome to another Happy English podcast coming to you from 11 00:00:46,479 --> 00:00:50,240 New York City. And here's your English teacher, Michael. 12 00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:55,439 Speaker 1: All right, thank you John, and thanks everyone. It's Michael 13 00:00:55,479 --> 00:00:59,560 here from Happy English and I help people speak English. 14 00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:06,079 And this is Happy English Podcast, Episode seven eighty eight. 15 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:12,760 It's over and above. We can use both above and 16 00:01:13,480 --> 00:01:18,519 over to describe the position of something which is in 17 00:01:18,599 --> 00:01:24,959 a higher position than another thing. However, we use these 18 00:01:25,079 --> 00:01:30,000 two prepositions differently. In this English lesson, I'm going to 19 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:34,560 show you how you can use above and over in 20 00:01:34,599 --> 00:01:41,079 your everyday English conversations. First off, the general meaning of 21 00:01:41,239 --> 00:01:47,159 both above and over is higher or higher than when 22 00:01:47,239 --> 00:01:52,000 the sun is above the garden. The flowers look beautiful. 23 00:01:52,799 --> 00:01:56,959 I could also say that when the sun is over 24 00:01:57,159 --> 00:02:03,120 the garden, the flowers look beautiful. In both sentences, I'm 25 00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:07,120 talking about the sun being at a higher level from 26 00:02:07,159 --> 00:02:11,280 the garden, and when I do that, both above and 27 00:02:11,719 --> 00:02:17,599 over can be used, but there are some particular situations 28 00:02:17,800 --> 00:02:24,360 or contexts only above or only over can be used. 29 00:02:24,960 --> 00:02:30,560 For example, we usually use over when one thing is 30 00:02:30,800 --> 00:02:36,680 touching or covering something else, like when my dog Rosie 31 00:02:36,719 --> 00:02:41,039 goes to sleep, I put a blanket over her. She 32 00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:45,479 likes that. On the other hand, my other dog, Max 33 00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:52,479 doesn't like anything over him at all. And it's cold 34 00:02:52,479 --> 00:02:57,280 out these days, so I usually wear a sweater over 35 00:02:57,439 --> 00:03:02,560 my shirt. That's nice and comfy. On the other hand, 36 00:03:03,159 --> 00:03:07,479 we prefer to use above when one thing is not 37 00:03:07,759 --> 00:03:13,759 touching or not covering something else, like on Independence Day 38 00:03:14,439 --> 00:03:19,599 there is a fireworks display above the East River in 39 00:03:19,759 --> 00:03:25,879 the city. Another big difference between above and over is 40 00:03:25,919 --> 00:03:30,280 that we use over to show the movement when something 41 00:03:30,439 --> 00:03:35,879 crosses another thing, like whenever the President comes to New York, 42 00:03:36,280 --> 00:03:40,840 there are a lot of helicopters flying over the city. 43 00:03:41,759 --> 00:03:45,319 When I make pasta, I like to pour the tomato 44 00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:52,800 sauce over my spaghetti and meatballs deedlish. When it comes 45 00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:59,080 to talking about age, amounts, and speed, we use over 46 00:03:59,719 --> 00:04:05,000 and not above. Like here in New York you can't 47 00:04:05,080 --> 00:04:09,479 buy alcohol unless you are over twenty one years old. 48 00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:13,400 And when I got to the theater there were over 49 00:04:13,520 --> 00:04:18,360 twenty five people waiting online to get in. And if 50 00:04:18,399 --> 00:04:22,000 you drive here in New York, be careful when you 51 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:26,680 drive in a school zone. The police will stop you 52 00:04:26,959 --> 00:04:32,360 if you drive over the speed limit. Next up, we 53 00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:37,519 use above when we talk about things like height, rank, 54 00:04:37,759 --> 00:04:43,279 or temperature. In other words, things that are measured vertically, 55 00:04:44,160 --> 00:04:47,879 like did you know that Mount Fuji in Japan is 56 00:04:48,079 --> 00:04:53,800 three thousand, seven hundred and seventy six meters above sea level? 57 00:04:54,519 --> 00:04:58,839 Not too high, but not too low either. And in 58 00:04:58,879 --> 00:05:02,720 the military, a kernel is above a major and a 59 00:05:02,879 --> 00:05:07,160 general is above a kernel. Oh, and I have a 60 00:05:07,199 --> 00:05:13,199 thermostat here, so when the temperature reaches twenty degrees above zero, 61 00:05:13,639 --> 00:05:20,079 the heater comes on. Finally, we use above in documents 62 00:05:20,360 --> 00:05:24,560 when we refer to something that came before, like on 63 00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:28,279 the last page of a contract. It may say something like, 64 00:05:29,079 --> 00:05:32,879 if you agree to the terms above, please sign your 65 00:05:33,040 --> 00:05:39,040 name here. The terms above means whatever is written before 66 00:05:39,120 --> 00:05:45,040 the signature part, even though that could be several pages beforehand. 67 00:05:46,040 --> 00:05:49,560 Keep in mind the best way to remember vocabulary like 68 00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:53,319 this and any other word or phrase in English is 69 00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:56,399 to take that word or phrase, write it in a 70 00:05:56,439 --> 00:06:00,160 sentence that's true for you or true in your world, 71 00:06:00,199 --> 00:06:04,879 and then memorize your sentences. Hey, did you know You 72 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:08,800 can get more practice using your English when you join 73 00:06:08,879 --> 00:06:13,480 my podcast Learner's study Group. There you can make new friends, 74 00:06:13,920 --> 00:06:17,360 join us for live group lessons every week where we 75 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:22,759 practice these podcast lessons together. Plus you get access to 76 00:06:22,839 --> 00:06:27,240 the pdf, transcript and audio download for every Happy English 77 00:06:27,279 --> 00:06:30,680 podcast in the past and in the future. And on 78 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:34,360 top of that, each episode has exercises where you can 79 00:06:34,439 --> 00:06:39,120 practice this English point with speaking and writing checked by me. 80 00:06:39,839 --> 00:06:43,560 To learn more, just visit Myhappy English dot com and 81 00:06:43,680 --> 00:06:49,560 choose podcast lesson seven eighty eight. Remember, learning another language 82 00:06:49,600 --> 00:06:53,199 is not easy, but it's not impossible, and I'm here 83 00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:56,360 to help you on your journey. 84 00:06:56,959 --> 00:07:00,439 Speaker 2: This podcast is brought to you by Happy English. Visit 85 00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:05,120 Myhappy English dot com show your support for Happy English 86 00:07:05,160 --> 00:07:22,720 by leaving us a review. 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