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<v Speaker 1>I don't know that I'm doing victory parades for the

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<v Speaker 1>most recent military strikes against Iran just yet. So as

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<v Speaker 1>we all know, on Saturday, the United States participated in

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<v Speaker 1>an operation dropped a bunch of bunker buster bombs at

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<v Speaker 1>the Iranian nuclear facility at FORDAU and two other sites

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<v Speaker 1>also engaged in bombing operations. Go in, bomb get out.

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<v Speaker 1>If that is indeed the end of the story, that's

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<v Speaker 1>great mission accomplished. President Trump did it. He threaded the

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<v Speaker 1>needle between to the scilla and charybdis of our great

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<v Speaker 1>fears regarding Iran. On the one hand, not doing anything

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<v Speaker 1>and letting Iran get a nuclear weapon not going to happen.

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<v Speaker 1>That's on the one side. On the other side, the

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<v Speaker 1>risk of getting drawn into a longer, more involved war.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know that we can confidently say that we're

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<v Speaker 1>out of the risk of that latter thing. We need

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<v Speaker 1>to wait to see what happens, because there's still a

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<v Speaker 1>lot that could happen. Iran is certainly weakened, it is

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<v Speaker 1>certainly in a much worse place. The Israeli attacks led

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<v Speaker 1>to the decimation of its major military leadership. Worse than decimation,

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<v Speaker 1>by the way the word decimate is really cool. It

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<v Speaker 1>comes from this practice in the Roman Army when the

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<v Speaker 1>Roman Army, when a particular army unit had behaved in

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<v Speaker 1>a horrible, dishonorable, disobedient way, decimation was a punishment meted

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<v Speaker 1>out on that unit of the army, which basically meant

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<v Speaker 1>that every tenth man was just executed and they would

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<v Speaker 1>have to run among their fellows while their fellow soldiers

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<v Speaker 1>beat them to death. Yeah, that'll get your attention. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>I guess I better straighten up and fly right as

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<v Speaker 1>I'm beating one of my fellow soldiers to death, and

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<v Speaker 1>it could just as well be me anyway. The Iran anyway,

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<v Speaker 1>the Iranian military leadership has been completely decimated. It seems

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<v Speaker 1>that their nuclear development capacity has been decimated. I don't know,

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<v Speaker 1>I would imagine. So there's intelligence assessments sort of indicating that, yes,

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<v Speaker 1>it seems like the Ford out site was completely destroyed,

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<v Speaker 1>or at the very least, if it's not completely destroyed,

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<v Speaker 1>it is very close to completely destroyed. I'm not so

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<v Speaker 1>one hundred percent certain about what Iran's capacity was. I

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<v Speaker 1>don't know that anyone in the West is really one

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<v Speaker 1>hundred percent certain about what Iran's capacity was for actually

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<v Speaker 1>developing nuclear weapons. I feel like we've had people warning

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<v Speaker 1>that Iran is on the you know, on the one

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<v Speaker 1>yard line of developing a nuke. Ohle, They're only a

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<v Speaker 1>month away from a nuke. They've been only a month

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<v Speaker 1>away from a nuke for like, you know, the last

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<v Speaker 1>twenty years. So forgiving me if I'm a little skeptical

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<v Speaker 1>to that point. But I'm not the guy in the

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<v Speaker 1>Oval office. I'm not the guy getting the intelligence directly

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<v Speaker 1>from the Israelis and from American intelligence sources, So I

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<v Speaker 1>don't know Trump does. So that those were the two

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<v Speaker 1>big risks was letting Iran alone and letting them develop

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<v Speaker 1>a nuclear weapon, which I think is intolerable. I think

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<v Speaker 1>it gives even if Iran doesn't use it, it gives

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<v Speaker 1>them an intolerable amount of negotiating leverage within the region

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<v Speaker 1>and gives them standing in status while they continue to

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<v Speaker 1>be the world's chief exporter of terrorism through their various proxies.

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<v Speaker 1>So it stops that from happening, but does it draw

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<v Speaker 1>us into a broader conflict? And this is what I'm

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<v Speaker 1>afraid of, and I don't think we can know that

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<v Speaker 1>right now. Iran is clearly I would say, not going

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<v Speaker 1>to take this lying down, or they have to. I

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<v Speaker 1>think they have to demonstrate some kind of response in

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<v Speaker 1>order for the regime in Iran to maintain some shred

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<v Speaker 1>of credibility. And this is one of the geopolitical things

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<v Speaker 1>about Iran. There's all these people have been saying, all

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<v Speaker 1>these people pushing for regime change in Iran, they've been saying.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, eighty percent of the population doesn't even like the

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<v Speaker 2>Islamic Republic. Eighty percent of the population doesn't even like

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<v Speaker 2>the rule by the Ayatolas. They don't like the current

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<v Speaker 2>Islamic Republic. You know, remember that Iran was under the

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<v Speaker 2>shaw and it was this open, westernized, you know, Middle

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<v Speaker 2>Eastern country in the seventies. It's like, okay, but that

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<v Speaker 2>was in the seventies. We don't know what it's like now.

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<v Speaker 1>We don't have a grasp on what actual Iranian popular

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<v Speaker 1>sentiment is right now, whether that population is actually largely

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<v Speaker 1>satisfied with the Islamic Republic, whether they are largely dissatisfied

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<v Speaker 1>with the Islamic Republic, whether they are maybe dissatisfied but

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<v Speaker 1>unwilling to overthrow them, dissatisfied with the Islamic Republic, but

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<v Speaker 1>maybe also still really hating Israel and really hating America.

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<v Speaker 1>You know. There there was a story someone mentioned on Twitter.

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<v Speaker 1>I think it was Gray Connolly, whom I followed. Was

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<v Speaker 1>a really interesting guy. He's an Australian lawyer and a

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<v Speaker 1>military historian. He was noting that during the Iraq Iran War,

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<v Speaker 1>the son of the Sha who had been oustered. You know,

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<v Speaker 1>the Iran was governed by this guy, the Sha Shaw

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<v Speaker 1>was in charge. He gets thrown out and the Iranians

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<v Speaker 1>replace him with the Islamic Republic and ruled by the Iatolas.

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<v Speaker 1>During the Iraq Iran War, the son of the Shaw

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<v Speaker 1>volunteered to the Islamic Republic to let him come back

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<v Speaker 1>and fly warplanes because he was a pilot, to fly

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<v Speaker 1>warplanes to help the Islamic Republic in their fight against Iraq.

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<v Speaker 1>Because basically, I guess there was sort of this attitude

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<v Speaker 1>of like, Okay, yeah, we disagree about our internal Iranian politics,

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<v Speaker 1>but boy, we don't like these Iraqis, so we're gonna,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, let me come back to I realize you

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<v Speaker 1>oustreed my dad, but let me come back to volunteer

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<v Speaker 1>to fight for you. I mean that's the and he

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<v Speaker 1>brings up that point just to demonstrate the Iranian people

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<v Speaker 1>may not like the Shah. I don't know, maybe they do,

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<v Speaker 1>maybe they are excuse me, the Iranian people may not

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<v Speaker 1>like the existing Islamic Republic of Iran. Maybe they do,

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<v Speaker 1>maybe they don't. But there's no that doesn't necessarily follow

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<v Speaker 1>that they'll be so delighted at Israel and America for

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<v Speaker 1>blowing up all their nuclear sites and decimating Iran's you know,

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<v Speaker 1>capacity militarily as a country, and that they'll be so

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<v Speaker 1>delighted with it that they'll overthrow the Islamic Republic. That

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<v Speaker 1>does not necessarily follow at all. Maybe, if anything, it

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<v Speaker 1>hardens their support for the Islamic Republic. And that's the

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<v Speaker 1>other thing is is this sense that American political sentiment

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<v Speaker 1>can shift very significantly as a result of current events.

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<v Speaker 1>I think popular support for Donald Trump went up after

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<v Speaker 1>the assassination attempt in Butler, Pennsylvania. Stuff happens, and it

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<v Speaker 1>changes Americans' attitudes towards politics. I wouldn't be surprised if

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<v Speaker 1>support for Trump went up a little bit after this

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<v Speaker 1>Iranian strength. So I would say in Iran, probably it's

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<v Speaker 1>the same thing. Do we think that Israel and America

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<v Speaker 1>blowing up a bunch of stuff in Iran. Is that

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<v Speaker 1>going to make the Iranians more inclined towards them and

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<v Speaker 1>less inclined towards their current ruling government. I don't know.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't necessarily think so. I think, if anything, it's

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<v Speaker 1>going to make them continue to be more angry at Israel.

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<v Speaker 1>It's not like Middle Eastern populations need more of an

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<v Speaker 1>excuse to hate Israel, and they all, you know, they've

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<v Speaker 1>been fairly consistent about not liking the United States. And

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<v Speaker 1>if you hate Israel and you hate the United States

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<v Speaker 1>and they keep attacking you, maybe you retreat to being

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<v Speaker 1>more supportive of the Islamic Republic rather than less now,

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<v Speaker 1>unless the Islamic Republic shows itself to be totally ineffectual.

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<v Speaker 1>And I think that's what we're gonna wait and see. First,

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<v Speaker 1>we heard different stories, reports, indications that the Iranians might

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<v Speaker 1>engage in you know, one of the consistent things that

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<v Speaker 1>happened in Iraq was you would have Iranian backed militias

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<v Speaker 1>operating in Iraq who would fight and kill Americans. And

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<v Speaker 1>that's where Iran had so much blood on its hands.

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<v Speaker 1>It's why President Trump killed their General Solomani back during

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<v Speaker 1>the first Trump administration was because they kept funding these

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<v Speaker 1>different militia groups in Iraq that would attack American soldiers.

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<v Speaker 1>So there was this indication, this thought very shortly around

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<v Speaker 1>the time of the bombing, that Iranians would ramp up

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<v Speaker 1>their attacks on American military personnel currently operating in Iraq

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<v Speaker 1>and in Syria. Maybe that'll happen if they do. What's

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<v Speaker 1>the United States going to do? I mean, sit there

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<v Speaker 1>and take it? Presumably not. And this is where we

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<v Speaker 1>got to see what kind of a involvement, what kind

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<v Speaker 1>of developed involvement takes place after this. That's the rub

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<v Speaker 1>So that's why I'm not at a point of saying, ah,

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<v Speaker 1>yes we did it, we declare victory President Trump perfectly

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<v Speaker 1>thread of the new We're not on the hook for

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<v Speaker 1>regime change. Well, we don't know that. Could these events

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<v Speaker 1>precipitate some kind of toppling of the existing Iranian regime?

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<v Speaker 1>And if it does, what kind of babysitting would whatever

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<v Speaker 1>new thing comes into its place need? And will our

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<v Speaker 1>neocon foreign policy establishment be okay? If say Russia tries

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<v Speaker 1>to come in and nurse whatever new thing comes aboard,

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<v Speaker 1>just as they will not be okay with that. And

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<v Speaker 1>that's the thing with that's the thing I'm so concerned

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<v Speaker 1>about with regime change. I think people are proposing this

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<v Speaker 1>idea that if we do just a couple more air

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<v Speaker 1>strikes we could topple the Iranian regime, that maybe the

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<v Speaker 1>Iranians ready to get rid of the Ayatola, and maybe

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<v Speaker 1>we do a couple more air strikes, maybe we could

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<v Speaker 1>even take Komani out, could take the Ayatola out, and

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<v Speaker 1>then a new regime. And how much better would that

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<v Speaker 1>be if the Islamic Republic was not governing Iran, if

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<v Speaker 1>the Iranians had some other kind of government that was

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<v Speaker 1>going to just not be the world's leading state sponsor

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<v Speaker 1>of terrorism, Well that'd be great. But I think it's

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<v Speaker 1>crazy to think that such a government wouldn't need babysitting

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<v Speaker 1>in the form of American soldiers. Of course it would

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<v Speaker 1>need that. I mean, just think about it. First, If

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<v Speaker 1>they topple the Islamic Republic, it's not like, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>it's not like zero people support the current Islamic Republic.

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<v Speaker 1>Clearly millions and millions and millions and millions of people do.

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<v Speaker 1>Probably a large percentage of the army does of their

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<v Speaker 1>military forces do? And again it is relevant Ted Kruz

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<v Speaker 1>to understand that there are ninety million people in the country,

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<v Speaker 1>twice as many, twice as many people as live in Iraq,

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<v Speaker 1>almost to as many people as live in Afghanistan. So

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<v Speaker 1>if a new good government comes aboard, I find it

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<v Speaker 1>hard to believe that there won't be some level of

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<v Speaker 1>civil war, and then the United States will have to decide, Well,

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<v Speaker 1>it's very much in our national interest not to have

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<v Speaker 1>the Islamic Republic running things, and it's more in our

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<v Speaker 1>interest to have this side win. So what are we

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<v Speaker 1>gonna do? Are we gonna just sit there and let

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<v Speaker 1>a civil war break out? Have these two sides duke

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<v Speaker 1>it out. Russia may very well support one side over another.

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<v Speaker 1>And if the Russians get involved, boy, the pressure will

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<v Speaker 1>be on us to get involved. See this is why

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<v Speaker 1>regime change would have been a terrible idea. I think

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<v Speaker 1>that that there's no way regime change happens quickly. I

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<v Speaker 1>mean I would support regime change too if I knew

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<v Speaker 1>it could be quick, snappy, easy, see you later. Ayatola

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<v Speaker 1>come back in Shaw and the Shaw is greeted with

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<v Speaker 1>garlands of flowers and has one Iranian approval rating. That's

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<v Speaker 1>not gonna happen. It just won't that that that's ridiculous

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<v Speaker 1>to think that that's gonna happen. So now it maybe

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<v Speaker 1>we haven't gotten to that point, And I think that's

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<v Speaker 1>why I've been saying all along. Oddly enough, the one

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<v Speaker 1>person I trust more than anybody in all this is

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<v Speaker 1>Donald Trump. And I feel like this time with Trump,

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<v Speaker 1>rather than last time, he's surrounded by advisors who all

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<v Speaker 1>kind of think simpatico with him. I think Vance very

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<v Speaker 1>much is aligned with Trump. I don't think there's a

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<v Speaker 1>weird thing like there was, you know, under Trump, like

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<v Speaker 1>Mike Pence didn't agree with him about a lot of things.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't think Vance is like that. I think Vance

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<v Speaker 1>is very much believes in Trump on a lot of things.

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<v Speaker 1>Maybe maybe one or two things they might I think

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<v Speaker 1>Vance is probably more socially conservative than Trump. But I

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<v Speaker 1>think Vance is totally on board. I think Rubio is

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<v Speaker 1>totally on board. I think Hegxeth is totally on board.

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<v Speaker 1>If anything, I think Tulci Gabbard as the head of

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<v Speaker 1>the Director of National Intelligence, I mean, she seems to

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<v Speaker 1>be upset and isolated because she didn't even want to

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<v Speaker 1>do this. She didn't even want to do this initial

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<v Speaker 1>military strike. And seems on the outs that way. But

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<v Speaker 1>it doesn't seem like there are too many people that

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<v Speaker 1>It really doesn't seem like there are too many people

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<v Speaker 1>in the administration who are talking about regime change. Everyone

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<v Speaker 1>is afraid of being drawn into a broader conflict and

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<v Speaker 1>doesn't want to do something that would draw into a

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<v Speaker 1>broader conflict. So oddly enough, I feel like I trust

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<v Speaker 1>Trump more than I trust anyone else. But he did

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<v Speaker 1>take this step, and we won't know the ultimate success

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<v Speaker 1>of it. I think you honestly, this is the kind

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<v Speaker 1>of thing. It's like, it's like when a football team,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, has their draft during the NFL Draft and

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<v Speaker 1>they get a slate of players and it's like, Wow,

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<v Speaker 1>what a great draft. It's like, well, you don't know

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<v Speaker 1>if it's a great draft. You've got to wait like

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<v Speaker 1>two or three years. You might have to wait like

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<v Speaker 1>at least a year and maybe two years before you

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<v Speaker 1>can fully assess whether the forty nine ers draft in

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<v Speaker 1>you know, twenty twenty five was particularly good. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>we got to see how these players develop. I feel

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<v Speaker 1>the same way with this air striking against a ron

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<v Speaker 1>We can't be one hundred percent sure that it was

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<v Speaker 1>successful until we wait a little to assess. All right,

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<v Speaker 1>when we return, We'll have more discussing all of this,

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<v Speaker 1>and I might even dive into the question of the

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<v Speaker 1>constitutionality legality of the president doing this air strike in

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<v Speaker 1>the first place. That's next on the John Girardi Show.

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<v Speaker 1>One thing to note about all this is where do

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<v Speaker 1>the American people stand? And then more specifically, where do

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<v Speaker 1>Trump supporters stand the American people. I feel like this

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<v Speaker 1>is one of the problems about pulling the American people

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<v Speaker 1>about military interventions is do you support a limited intervention

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<v Speaker 1>of just a bombing attack on Iranian nuclear sites? Like,

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<v Speaker 1>if you present the question as, hey, what if the

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<v Speaker 1>ultimate best case scenario happens and we're totally not drawn

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<v Speaker 1>into a larger conflict and it's just a limited, one

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<v Speaker 1>time run and it destroys all of Iran's nuclear capabilities, Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>overwhelming majority of Americans are like, oh, that's great. Sure. If,

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<v Speaker 1>on the other hand, you pull it as do you

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<v Speaker 1>want the United States involved in another Middle Eastern conflict,

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<v Speaker 1>Everyone's gonna say, well, no, that sounds terrible, and it

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<v Speaker 1>does sound terrible. And that's the problem with how do

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<v Speaker 1>you pull these things to actually gauge American popular sentiment. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>there's one way of pulling. You know. One poll that's

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<v Speaker 1>been brought up is that only thirty one percent of

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<v Speaker 1>Americans actually view Iran as a serious threat. True, but

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<v Speaker 1>it's also the American people don't know much about Iran.

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<v Speaker 1>Our policy makers don't know much about Iran. Ted Cruz

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<v Speaker 1>didn't even know how many people lived in Iran. I

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<v Speaker 1>continue to think, by the way, that that was not

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<v Speaker 1>a gotcha question that Ted Cruz got the idea that

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<v Speaker 1>you're a United States senator, you might be called to

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<v Speaker 1>vote on this. You're on the air saying you want

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<v Speaker 1>regime change, you damn well better understand how difficult that

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<v Speaker 1>would be. And one of the things of understanding out

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<v Speaker 1>difficult that would be is having some sense of how

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<v Speaker 1>big and populous Iran is, which makes the whole regime

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<v Speaker 1>change thing way harder. So this notion that anyway Ted

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<v Speaker 1>Cruz annoys me to no end. I find his shtick

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<v Speaker 1>to be tiresome. He is preachy, preening, self laudatory. I

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<v Speaker 1>can't stand listening to him for more than like five

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<v Speaker 1>minutes anyway, somehow like not that Donald Trump isn't you know,

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<v Speaker 1>it's so weird. I have more like I'm more capable

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<v Speaker 1>of listening to Trump praise himself because I think Trump

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<v Speaker 1>it's part of his it's obviously shtick, like some of it,

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<v Speaker 1>like it's so over the top sometimes about how everything

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<v Speaker 1>he does is the best and greatest that it's like funny.

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<v Speaker 1>But when Cruz does this fun oh oh Shuck's just

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<v Speaker 1>a simple, normal guy who went to Harvard Law School

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<v Speaker 1>and is a very high level lawyer, and it's a

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<v Speaker 1>very incredibly ambitious, high level political operative. But I'm just

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<v Speaker 1>a normal Texan just like you. I just cannot stand

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<v Speaker 1>Ted Cruz anyway. So I'm basically I long and short

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<v Speaker 1>of this is I don't exactly even know where the

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<v Speaker 1>American people are. I think the thing is, in all likelihood,

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<v Speaker 1>the American people will follow success or follow failure. If

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<v Speaker 1>this is all and we destroyed Iran's nuclear program and

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<v Speaker 1>we're not going to really be drawn into any larger

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<v Speaker 1>conflict other than if there's just a few little scraps

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<v Speaker 1>with Iranians trying to attack Americans in one or two

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<v Speaker 1>isolated places and that's it. And long term, we're not

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<v Speaker 1>even thinking about this. Americans will look back on this

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<v Speaker 1>whole episode and think, great, what a success. If, on

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<v Speaker 1>the other hand, we get drawn into a much longer,

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<v Speaker 1>more protracted conflict, Americans are not going to be happy

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<v Speaker 1>about this. And I disagree with some of the sort

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<v Speaker 1>of maga super maga folks who didn't want to get involved,

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<v Speaker 1>who are saying Donald Trump is burning the bridges of

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<v Speaker 1>his magabase. His magabase will be abandoning him for this

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<v Speaker 1>decision to break his promises and get us involved in

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<v Speaker 1>the Middle East. First of all, the only thing, if

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<v Speaker 1>there is one thing that Trump supporters love, it's Trump.

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<v Speaker 1>That's it. They are more inclined to trust him than

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<v Speaker 1>any Trump aligned commentator ever. If you know, they like

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<v Speaker 1>Elon Musk only in so far as he travels with

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<v Speaker 1>Donald Trump. They like Tucker Carlson only in so far

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<v Speaker 1>as he travels with Donald Trump. They like Candess Owns

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<v Speaker 1>only in so far as she travels with Donald Trump.

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<v Speaker 1>They liked Elsea Gabbard only in so far as she

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<v Speaker 1>travels with Donald Trump. If all of those people leave

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<v Speaker 1>and say Trump has abandoned his principles. You know where

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<v Speaker 1>most Trump supporters are still gonna stick with. They're still

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<v Speaker 1>gonna stick with Trump. He's the guy who has their

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<v Speaker 1>loyalty end of the day. That's just the reality of

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<v Speaker 1>how most Trump supporters are gonna go. And again, I

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<v Speaker 1>don't think that most Trump supporters are dogmatic about this.

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<v Speaker 1>I think they broadly don't want protracted, long Middle Eastern

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<v Speaker 1>involvement Middle Eastern wars. But I think everyone on the

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<v Speaker 1>Trump pro Trump side was like, that was awesome when

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<v Speaker 1>Trump took out Sulimani and was worth it and it

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<v Speaker 1>didn't pull us into a much broader conflict and took

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<v Speaker 1>out this guy who was killing a bunch of Americans.

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<v Speaker 1>Good job. I think they're gonna view this if this

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<v Speaker 1>intervention winds up having the limited long term effect that

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<v Speaker 1>the Solamani attack did. I think Trump supporters are not

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<v Speaker 1>gonna give a crap about the fact that, oh, he

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<v Speaker 1>bombed another country. I think think they're gonna be okay

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<v Speaker 1>with it because for one thing, they trust Trump. They

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<v Speaker 1>like Trump, and the thing that they don't it's not

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<v Speaker 1>any intervention in the Middle East that they don't like.

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<v Speaker 1>What they don't like is getting US involved in a

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<v Speaker 1>long protracted nation building project. That's what most of the

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<v Speaker 1>American population doesn't like. So I don't think we're out

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<v Speaker 1>of the woods yet. I think there's still a chance

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<v Speaker 1>of us getting pulled into some broader thing. But I

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<v Speaker 1>certainly don't think Trump supporters are gonna flee now. When

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<v Speaker 1>we return, I want to talk about the legality of

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<v Speaker 1>Trump initiating these strikes. That's next on the John Gerardi Show.

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<v Speaker 1>I want to talk about a point that it's a

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<v Speaker 1>little tired and it's a little hackneyed because it keeps

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<v Speaker 1>happening every time a president decides to initiate a strike.

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<v Speaker 1>The question sort of rises ineffectually from conservatives. Didn't he

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<v Speaker 1>need to, like ask for authorization of military force first?

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<v Speaker 1>Doesn't Congress need to vote on this? And I want

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<v Speaker 1>to think about it, and I want to talk about

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<v Speaker 1>it as far as historical precedents and sort of the

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<v Speaker 1>ideas behind it. Now, the Constitution vests in Congress the

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<v Speaker 1>power to declare war. It is firmly with Congress. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>Congress declares war now. The president is, however, the commander

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<v Speaker 1>in chief of the military. And it's long been sort

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<v Speaker 1>of established thought that the president does not need to

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<v Speaker 1>wait for Congress in order to engage in defensive activity. Right,

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<v Speaker 1>the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor. The Japanese are attacking Pearl Harbor.

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<v Speaker 1>Soldiers in Hawaii who see the planes coming in and

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<v Speaker 1>dropping bombs. A soldier runs to an anti air gun,

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<v Speaker 1>and the officer says, no, no, no, no, no, you

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<v Speaker 1>can't shoot. Congress hasn't declared war. No. Okay, the Japanese

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<v Speaker 1>drop bombs. The President immediately gets on the horn and says,

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<v Speaker 1>all right, we got to get aircraft carriers over there immediately,

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<v Speaker 1>We got to launch attacks on We know that they're

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<v Speaker 1>Japanese here here. Immediately launch attacks so we can repel

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<v Speaker 1>their advance so that they don't get to the West coast. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>the President doesn't need to wait for Congress to declare

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<v Speaker 1>war first before he does that for defensive stuff. Everyone

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<v Speaker 1>is pretty much agreed that, yes, if the president is

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<v Speaker 1>repelling an imminent threat, he doesn't need to wait for

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<v Speaker 1>congressional authorization before he acts. However, the decision to declare

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<v Speaker 1>war seems to be a kind of policy decision. If

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<v Speaker 1>it's a decision about declaring war to stop someone who

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<v Speaker 1>is posing an imminent threat that is not yet there.

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<v Speaker 1>Basically the thought is that, well, Congress has to decide it,

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<v Speaker 1>and there are a lot of sort of classical classical history,

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<v Speaker 1>Greek and Roman sort of precedents for that that the

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<v Speaker 1>founding fathers, I think were very deliberately imitating. So in

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<v Speaker 1>the ancient world, in the Mediterranean world of kind of

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<v Speaker 1>Greece and Rome, those cultures, specifically, many of the city states,

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<v Speaker 1>the poll as, the singular polis plural polays, many of

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<v Speaker 1>the individual pollais of the Greek and Roman worlds. So

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<v Speaker 1>you got the Roman Republic over here in Italy, and

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<v Speaker 1>then you had all these individual Greek city states, you know, Corinth, Thebes, Sparta, Athens,

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<v Speaker 1>et cetera. They wound up developing more democratic political systems,

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<v Speaker 1>political systems in which the citizenry, however defined, and the

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<v Speaker 1>citizenry being a citizen was a kivas in the Key

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<v Speaker 1>West in the Roman system, or a polytase in the

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<v Speaker 1>Greek sense. It was a very restricted, small group of people.

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<v Speaker 1>Not everyone was a citizen. It was usually limited to

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<v Speaker 1>adult men, non slaves, and they would extend citizenship only

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<v Speaker 1>very reluctantly. I think in some city states, I think

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<v Speaker 1>it was Athens. You'd only be a citizen if you

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<v Speaker 1>could prove that you had a grandfather who was a

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<v Speaker 1>citizen or something, which is kind of seems how do

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<v Speaker 1>you eventually become a citizen. They were very stingy about

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<v Speaker 1>granting citizenship, and so foreigners living and working in the

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<v Speaker 1>city would be in a different status, and very often

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<v Speaker 1>those people were more concerned with trade. The idea was

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<v Speaker 1>that your citizens, and actually sometimes citizenship was qualified by

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<v Speaker 1>like property qualifications. The people who got to vote. That

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<v Speaker 1>this was the basic rule, with some exceptions, but this

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<v Speaker 1>was the effective thing. The people who got to vote

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<v Speaker 1>were the people who were going to fight. The people

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<v Speaker 1>in the Roman Republic and in the individual Greek city

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<v Speaker 1>states who got to vote were the people who were

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<v Speaker 1>going to fight if it came down to a war.

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<v Speaker 1>So if you were the person, if you were one

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<v Speaker 1>of the people who was going to be fighting, you

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<v Speaker 1>got to be part of whatever sort of deliberative body

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<v Speaker 1>of citizens they had for voting on legislation. And there

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<v Speaker 1>was greater or lesser degrees what the citizen assembly was

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00:29:23.359 --> 00:29:27.160
<v Speaker 1>able to vote on. In Greece, the citizen Assembly was

415
00:29:27.240 --> 00:29:29.599
<v Speaker 1>incredibly powerful and could vote on all kinds of things.

416
00:29:29.680 --> 00:29:34.920
<v Speaker 1>Greek had a pretty much a pure democracy. Someone would

417
00:29:35.200 --> 00:29:38.400
<v Speaker 1>propose legislation, it could be debated, and in the broad

418
00:29:38.400 --> 00:29:41.480
<v Speaker 1>debate of all the citizenry, someone could suggest amendments and

419
00:29:41.519 --> 00:29:44.519
<v Speaker 1>they could change it. Blah blah blah blah blah. Now

420
00:29:44.559 --> 00:29:50.720
<v Speaker 1>in the Roman Republican system, their various popular assemblies, they

421
00:29:50.720 --> 00:29:52.319
<v Speaker 1>could only vote up or down on a piece of

422
00:29:52.359 --> 00:29:55.279
<v Speaker 1>legislation that had already been debated and proposed, often by

423
00:29:55.279 --> 00:29:59.359
<v Speaker 1>the Senate. So the Senate got to be the deliberative body.

424
00:29:59.359 --> 00:30:01.119
<v Speaker 1>They got to decid do we want to do this,

425
00:30:01.200 --> 00:30:04.480
<v Speaker 1>and they'd fashion some proposal. It would be called the

426
00:30:04.519 --> 00:30:09.359
<v Speaker 1>sinatus consultum, the proposal of the Senate, and the people

427
00:30:09.359 --> 00:30:11.359
<v Speaker 1>could only just vote up or down on it. There's

428
00:30:11.400 --> 00:30:18.039
<v Speaker 1>no no amendments, no free wheeling debate, but the citizenry

429
00:30:18.160 --> 00:30:23.720
<v Speaker 1>would get to vote on things. And in Rome it

430
00:30:23.880 --> 00:30:28.079
<v Speaker 1>wasn't one man, one vote. It was basically the weight

431
00:30:28.400 --> 00:30:32.640
<v Speaker 1>of the vote of someone who had more property was

432
00:30:32.799 --> 00:30:38.960
<v Speaker 1>greater than the weight of someone who had less property.

433
00:30:39.720 --> 00:30:42.880
<v Speaker 1>But the idea also seemed very much tied to military service.

434
00:30:42.960 --> 00:30:46.319
<v Speaker 1>Both in the Greek world and in the Roman Republic.

435
00:30:47.680 --> 00:30:50.680
<v Speaker 1>The kinds of property qualifications in Rome that you needed

436
00:30:50.680 --> 00:30:53.559
<v Speaker 1>to have was basically, can you afford your own hop

437
00:30:53.680 --> 00:30:59.440
<v Speaker 1>light armor? Can you afford your own armor? In Greece,

438
00:30:59.480 --> 00:31:02.240
<v Speaker 1>it was can you afford your own hop light armor?

439
00:31:02.279 --> 00:31:04.079
<v Speaker 1>With the hop light armor was the kind of Greek

440
00:31:04.400 --> 00:31:07.759
<v Speaker 1>armor used in the Greek system that there was a

441
00:31:07.759 --> 00:31:14.839
<v Speaker 1>certain specific kind of sort of heavily armored infantrymen, and

442
00:31:14.880 --> 00:31:18.920
<v Speaker 1>the idea was basically, our city state is not going

443
00:31:18.960 --> 00:31:23.519
<v Speaker 1>to war unless the people say we're going to war.

444
00:31:26.200 --> 00:31:28.160
<v Speaker 1>We're not going to leave this up to the decision

445
00:31:28.200 --> 00:31:33.440
<v Speaker 1>of one man, one magistrate. If we're going to war.

446
00:31:33.920 --> 00:31:36.319
<v Speaker 1>The guys who are going to do the fighting, they're

447
00:31:36.319 --> 00:31:41.200
<v Speaker 1>the ones who are going to decide. And this may

448
00:31:41.240 --> 00:31:43.599
<v Speaker 1>have been part of the reason, not just you know,

449
00:31:43.640 --> 00:31:47.319
<v Speaker 1>the brutalization of human nature that led to slavery or

450
00:31:47.319 --> 00:31:49.799
<v Speaker 1>the you know, the chauvinism of the ancient world against women.

451
00:31:49.880 --> 00:31:51.960
<v Speaker 1>The women weren't going to fight, The slaves weren't going

452
00:31:52.039 --> 00:31:58.480
<v Speaker 1>to fight. The foreign merchants living in the city, they

453
00:31:58.519 --> 00:32:04.119
<v Speaker 1>weren't going to fight. And the really poor who couldn't

454
00:32:04.160 --> 00:32:06.920
<v Speaker 1>afford any armor, they weren't gonna fight either. They don't

455
00:32:06.920 --> 00:32:12.240
<v Speaker 1>even have armor. The people who are gonna fight, they

456
00:32:12.240 --> 00:32:15.920
<v Speaker 1>were the ones who decided. And this some people think

457
00:32:15.920 --> 00:32:19.480
<v Speaker 1>this is why Athens actually developed its democracy as a

458
00:32:19.480 --> 00:32:22.720
<v Speaker 1>more pure democratic form of government. People think Athens was

459
00:32:22.720 --> 00:32:25.519
<v Speaker 1>able to develop that because, well, the property qualifications for

460
00:32:25.599 --> 00:32:29.400
<v Speaker 1>fighting as an Athenian were not as great as the

461
00:32:29.440 --> 00:32:33.599
<v Speaker 1>property qualifications you need to fight as say a Spartan.

462
00:32:34.440 --> 00:32:38.519
<v Speaker 1>Why because Athens had a navy. Athens chief military might

463
00:32:38.960 --> 00:32:42.759
<v Speaker 1>was in her navy. You don't need a full set

464
00:32:42.759 --> 00:32:44.720
<v Speaker 1>of hoplight armor to be in the navy. You just

465
00:32:44.759 --> 00:32:50.279
<v Speaker 1>got to, you know, pull an oar. But your life

466
00:32:50.359 --> 00:32:52.319
<v Speaker 1>was on the line just as much as anybody else.

467
00:32:53.759 --> 00:32:57.839
<v Speaker 1>So that was kind of the classical model. The people

468
00:32:57.920 --> 00:33:00.400
<v Speaker 1>decide if they're going to vote, and this is part

469
00:33:00.759 --> 00:33:06.559
<v Speaker 1>This is why for these broad decisional questions of should

470
00:33:06.599 --> 00:33:10.000
<v Speaker 1>we go to war or shouldn't we not talking about

471
00:33:10.039 --> 00:33:14.799
<v Speaker 1>an emergency situation of repelling an attack, but something where

472
00:33:14.799 --> 00:33:19.119
<v Speaker 1>it's a war somewhat of choice. We have received these

473
00:33:19.160 --> 00:33:22.960
<v Speaker 1>acts of aggression, how are we going to respond? Do

474
00:33:23.039 --> 00:33:27.279
<v Speaker 1>we resort to diplomacy? Do we resort to this? The

475
00:33:27.319 --> 00:33:31.279
<v Speaker 1>founding fathers put that decision in the hands of Congress,

476
00:33:34.640 --> 00:33:38.240
<v Speaker 1>and in two deliberative bodies, one the Senate, the idea

477
00:33:38.319 --> 00:33:42.920
<v Speaker 1>being the Senate. This was the counsel of wise, experienced elders.

478
00:33:43.079 --> 00:33:45.920
<v Speaker 1>That's what senate means. It's the gathering of old men,

479
00:33:46.000 --> 00:33:49.960
<v Speaker 1>the gathering of the elders. Senex is the Latin word

480
00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:55.119
<v Speaker 1>for an old man. The senatus is the old guys club. Okay,

481
00:33:55.119 --> 00:33:59.119
<v Speaker 1>it's the old men gathering club. And the Senate in

482
00:33:59.240 --> 00:34:03.480
<v Speaker 1>Rome was posed of It was usually older men, but

483
00:34:03.519 --> 00:34:05.440
<v Speaker 1>it was men who had already held some kind of

484
00:34:05.440 --> 00:34:09.559
<v Speaker 1>public office magistracy within the Roman Republic. And the former

485
00:34:09.639 --> 00:34:13.320
<v Speaker 1>consuls were, you know, the eldest senator who was a

486
00:34:13.360 --> 00:34:16.360
<v Speaker 1>former consul was who was called the princept sonatus, the

487
00:34:17.000 --> 00:34:18.920
<v Speaker 1>head of the Senate, the prince of the Senate, the

488
00:34:19.000 --> 00:34:21.239
<v Speaker 1>chief of the Senate. He always got to spoke first,

489
00:34:21.280 --> 00:34:25.599
<v Speaker 1>to speak first. And the idea was, well, why are

490
00:34:25.639 --> 00:34:28.239
<v Speaker 1>we letting any Joe Schmoe do this. Let's have our

491
00:34:28.280 --> 00:34:32.800
<v Speaker 1>former generals, former magistrates, officers, Let's let them have a

492
00:34:32.800 --> 00:34:36.360
<v Speaker 1>first crack at deciding what is whise here. That's our

493
00:34:36.559 --> 00:34:41.400
<v Speaker 1>Senate in the United States was manifestly patterned off of that. Now,

494
00:34:41.400 --> 00:34:43.360
<v Speaker 1>the nature of the United States Senate is much different

495
00:34:43.360 --> 00:34:45.039
<v Speaker 1>from what it was at the founding at the founding,

496
00:34:45.239 --> 00:34:49.880
<v Speaker 1>senators were picked by the state legislatures. Today they're directly

497
00:34:49.960 --> 00:34:54.079
<v Speaker 1>voted on by the people of those states. But also

498
00:34:54.119 --> 00:34:55.760
<v Speaker 1>the decision of whether to go to war was with

499
00:34:55.840 --> 00:34:59.519
<v Speaker 1>the House. Why is it with the House of Representatives. Well,

500
00:34:59.519 --> 00:35:01.440
<v Speaker 1>the House repe Andatives the closest thing we've got to

501
00:35:01.519 --> 00:35:05.559
<v Speaker 1>direct democracy. It isn't purely direct democracy. It's not all

502
00:35:05.559 --> 00:35:07.639
<v Speaker 1>of the citizens of the United States of America voting

503
00:35:07.719 --> 00:35:09.800
<v Speaker 1>up or down should we go to war. But the

504
00:35:09.840 --> 00:35:16.159
<v Speaker 1>House Representatives comes to Washington in a system of proportional representation.

505
00:35:16.360 --> 00:35:19.199
<v Speaker 1>Every member of the House represents roughly the same number

506
00:35:19.199 --> 00:35:24.360
<v Speaker 1>of Americans. Members of the House Representatives are up for

507
00:35:24.400 --> 00:35:28.320
<v Speaker 1>re election every two years. The shifting tides of American

508
00:35:28.320 --> 00:35:31.880
<v Speaker 1>opinion can be reflected in the House of Representatives and

509
00:35:31.920 --> 00:35:37.000
<v Speaker 1>its makeup. You could have a huge Republican majority one year.

510
00:35:37.519 --> 00:35:40.119
<v Speaker 1>Two years from now, it could be completely gone, replaced

511
00:35:40.119 --> 00:35:42.280
<v Speaker 1>with a huge Democrat majority, or a huge this majority,

512
00:35:42.320 --> 00:35:45.119
<v Speaker 1>or a huge to that majority. The House is responsive

513
00:35:45.599 --> 00:35:48.599
<v Speaker 1>to the day to day changing views of the American people,

514
00:35:48.639 --> 00:35:53.519
<v Speaker 1>and those are the two bodies we put our war

515
00:35:54.159 --> 00:36:02.320
<v Speaker 1>making decisions on. Now the President will try to argue that, hey,

516
00:36:02.360 --> 00:36:04.599
<v Speaker 1>I have authorization to do this. In a number of ways,

517
00:36:04.960 --> 00:36:07.440
<v Speaker 1>the President might try to say, look the two thousand

518
00:36:07.480 --> 00:36:11.280
<v Speaker 1>and one Authorization for Use of Military Force to Combat Terrorism.

519
00:36:14.559 --> 00:36:18.039
<v Speaker 1>That justifies my actions. Iran is a constant, continual state

520
00:36:18.119 --> 00:36:23.800
<v Speaker 1>sponsor of terrorism that they've attacked. They've killed hundreds of

521
00:36:23.840 --> 00:36:28.119
<v Speaker 1>American servicemen, particularly in Iraq. Their proxies have done all

522
00:36:28.199 --> 00:36:31.639
<v Speaker 1>kinds of horrible things, including most recently the October seventh attacks.

523
00:36:32.320 --> 00:36:35.199
<v Speaker 1>More recently than that, the ongoing Houthy attacks that are

524
00:36:35.440 --> 00:36:40.360
<v Speaker 1>threatening American shipping. Iran continues to be a dangerous, ongoing threat.

525
00:36:40.559 --> 00:36:43.119
<v Speaker 1>They're developing a nuke, they could be getting close. This

526
00:36:43.159 --> 00:36:45.280
<v Speaker 1>is a defensive thing. I don't need to wait around

527
00:36:45.320 --> 00:36:48.599
<v Speaker 1>for Congress. I already have one, a Congressional Act from

528
00:36:48.599 --> 00:36:51.559
<v Speaker 1>two thousand and one authorizing me to do this, and

529
00:36:51.840 --> 00:36:54.559
<v Speaker 1>my inherent power to act in a defensive way to

530
00:36:54.559 --> 00:37:02.280
<v Speaker 1>protect American interest. Okay, I see those arguments. I still

531
00:37:02.320 --> 00:37:04.119
<v Speaker 1>kind of feel like it would have been better to

532
00:37:04.159 --> 00:37:07.599
<v Speaker 1>have Congress debate this. I think it was a choice

533
00:37:07.639 --> 00:37:09.159
<v Speaker 1>whether we went to this war or not, and we

534
00:37:09.199 --> 00:37:12.960
<v Speaker 1>would have really benefited from Congress debating it. I think,

535
00:37:13.039 --> 00:37:19.280
<v Speaker 1>so when we return, should we build a new Bulldog Stadium.

536
00:37:19.480 --> 00:37:23.880
<v Speaker 1>Next on The John Girardi Show, there's a story about

537
00:37:24.159 --> 00:37:27.960
<v Speaker 1>whether or not if Presno State got a new football stadium,

538
00:37:27.960 --> 00:37:29.440
<v Speaker 1>and if it was kind of more like the new

539
00:37:29.440 --> 00:37:32.760
<v Speaker 1>football stadiums that like San Jose State build that Sacramento

540
00:37:32.800 --> 00:37:35.519
<v Speaker 1>State's about to build, et cetera, if this could be

541
00:37:35.559 --> 00:37:38.880
<v Speaker 1>a real cash cow for Fresno State. I guess I'm

542
00:37:38.880 --> 00:37:43.559
<v Speaker 1>just gonna say this, I'd like to see Bulldog Stadium

543
00:37:43.800 --> 00:37:49.840
<v Speaker 1>more consistently selling out Before I commit to that, I

544
00:37:49.840 --> 00:37:52.320
<v Speaker 1>feel like too often a lot of folks in Fresno

545
00:37:53.000 --> 00:37:56.840
<v Speaker 1>just kind of fall away if the team loses two

546
00:37:56.960 --> 00:38:00.960
<v Speaker 1>or three games, and before I commit more taxpayer dollars

547
00:38:01.000 --> 00:38:05.280
<v Speaker 1>to that, I'd like to see some pretty committed commitment

548
00:38:05.280 --> 00:38:07.119
<v Speaker 1>by the city. I don't want it to be another

549
00:38:07.119 --> 00:38:09.880
<v Speaker 1>Grizzly stadium where they struggle to fill in. That'll do it,

550
00:38:09.920 --> 00:38:11.800
<v Speaker 1>John Girardi Show. See you next time on Power Talk
