WEBVTT 1 00:00:16.879 --> 00:00:19.679 Hello, and welcome to Psychic Teachers. I am your host, 2 00:00:19.719 --> 00:00:20.600 Deb Bowen. 3 00:00:20.519 --> 00:00:22.760 And I'm Samantha Fay, and we're. 4 00:00:22.600 --> 00:00:25.199 So excited that you are with us this week. And 5 00:00:26.079 --> 00:00:28.839 I am so excited that Samantha is back with me 6 00:00:28.920 --> 00:00:32.079 this week. Samantha, I know you've had a busy few 7 00:00:32.119 --> 00:00:35.520 weeks with house stuff and moving and so much stuff 8 00:00:35.600 --> 00:00:38.520 going on in your world, and in the midst of 9 00:00:38.560 --> 00:00:41.439 all of that, we've had a time change here in 10 00:00:41.479 --> 00:00:44.880 the US in most states, and I wonder if in 11 00:00:44.920 --> 00:00:47.840 the process of all of your moving the time change 12 00:00:47.880 --> 00:00:50.000 was difficult for you more so than normal. 13 00:00:50.960 --> 00:00:55.359 Yes, yes, losing that hour is something I definitely needed, 14 00:00:56.000 --> 00:00:59.240 But what can you do. I'm finally settled in and 15 00:00:59.320 --> 00:01:02.399 I just want to say thank you, Deb for taking 16 00:01:02.399 --> 00:01:05.000 the helm of the show and doing such a great job. 17 00:01:05.079 --> 00:01:08.239 I really appreciate it, and I'm so excited for what 18 00:01:08.280 --> 00:01:09.719 you've come up for us today. 19 00:01:10.200 --> 00:01:14.319 Well, you know, it was precipitated by me being curious 20 00:01:14.719 --> 00:01:17.599 about the time change as it is around the world, 21 00:01:17.640 --> 00:01:20.959 because it's different in different places, and it's even different 22 00:01:21.000 --> 00:01:23.519 here in the United States. And I'll talk about that 23 00:01:23.599 --> 00:01:27.519 in a minute. But the truth is, I truly dislike 24 00:01:27.760 --> 00:01:32.040 this spring time change. It takes me forever to adjust. 25 00:01:32.400 --> 00:01:35.400 Fall is so much easier. I just ease into that 26 00:01:35.480 --> 00:01:38.840 having that extra hour back in autumn, and in spring 27 00:01:39.200 --> 00:01:42.359 my body rebels. I guess that time change. 28 00:01:42.519 --> 00:01:44.959 You know what the worst is for me is, you know, 29 00:01:45.120 --> 00:01:49.519 like my phone automatically changes the time, but in the kitchen, 30 00:01:49.640 --> 00:01:51.959 on the oven and their microwave, you have to manually 31 00:01:52.000 --> 00:01:54.400 go in and do it. And those first few days, 32 00:01:54.480 --> 00:01:57.560 don't you always forget that and I'll be getting ready 33 00:01:57.599 --> 00:01:59.959 and making my tea, and I'm like, oh, I've got 34 00:02:00.120 --> 00:02:01.680 way more time than I thought I did. 35 00:02:03.079 --> 00:02:06.599 I don't forget it. I actually am very, very overconscious 36 00:02:06.599 --> 00:02:09.759 of it. I do change the stove clock, but I 37 00:02:09.800 --> 00:02:12.560 have an old fashioned analog clock next to my bed, 38 00:02:13.159 --> 00:02:16.879 and I leave that with the old time for several 39 00:02:16.960 --> 00:02:20.879 days so that I can kind of adjust into it. 40 00:02:21.240 --> 00:02:22.319 So I live on that. 41 00:02:22.680 --> 00:02:24.400 It's probably not the healthiest thing to do, but I 42 00:02:24.400 --> 00:02:27.400 live on dual time during that a week or so 43 00:02:27.599 --> 00:02:30.479 after we make that crazy time change. It might be 44 00:02:30.520 --> 00:02:35.120 interesting for folks to know this. Hawaii and Arizona, except 45 00:02:35.159 --> 00:02:39.080 for the Navajo Nation, never change their clocks, nor do 46 00:02:39.800 --> 00:02:45.400 the territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, 47 00:02:45.479 --> 00:02:49.240 Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. None of them 48 00:02:49.319 --> 00:02:54.319 observe this crazy time change madness. Wow, I knew Arizona, 49 00:02:54.360 --> 00:02:55.759 but I did not know about the others. 50 00:02:56.199 --> 00:02:58.719 You know, they were going to change it. They were 51 00:02:59.120 --> 00:03:01.960 just going to do away with daylight savings times. But 52 00:03:02.479 --> 00:03:04.639 I guess all the parents who have to help their 53 00:03:04.719 --> 00:03:07.120 kids get to school super early and wait for the 54 00:03:07.159 --> 00:03:10.439 buses didn't want their children waiting in the dark for 55 00:03:10.520 --> 00:03:11.000 a bus. 56 00:03:11.039 --> 00:03:14.520 So that will and I understand that. But you know, yeah, 57 00:03:14.520 --> 00:03:19.240 it's controversy for many years under many administrations, but nonetheless, 58 00:03:19.439 --> 00:03:22.919 here we are. And so this time change got me 59 00:03:23.039 --> 00:03:27.520 to thinking about time and space and whether or not 60 00:03:27.599 --> 00:03:30.680 these concepts are real or not, and how they relate 61 00:03:30.719 --> 00:03:33.400 to our metaphysical world. So I went down a rabbit 62 00:03:33.400 --> 00:03:37.840 hole in researching this whole concept. And you've heard of 63 00:03:37.879 --> 00:03:41.639 say often on this show, time isn't real anyway, It's 64 00:03:41.639 --> 00:03:46.520 an illusionary construct. Eckertoli, who wrote the Power of Now, 65 00:03:47.080 --> 00:03:50.639 writes that the only time we have is now and 66 00:03:50.680 --> 00:03:55.800 that the now is powerful. Einstein is credited with saying 67 00:03:55.800 --> 00:03:58.719 that time is speeding up, although We're not really sure 68 00:03:58.759 --> 00:04:01.719 that's an accurate quote. But let's just do something here 69 00:04:01.759 --> 00:04:05.719 for a minute, Samantha. Let's suppose that time is both 70 00:04:05.879 --> 00:04:10.479 real and an illusion. Let's entertain the notion in this 71 00:04:10.599 --> 00:04:14.639 episode of the ambiguity of time. Suppose for a minute 72 00:04:14.639 --> 00:04:18.560 that you could travel back in time. Suppose the past, present, 73 00:04:18.600 --> 00:04:22.319 and future are constructs that do not apply to the 74 00:04:22.439 --> 00:04:27.000 quote real world. What if in the world of quantum 75 00:04:27.040 --> 00:04:32.040 physics something called negative time exists? And here's what I mean. 76 00:04:32.480 --> 00:04:37.000 The BBC recently published an article by researcher Richard Fischer 77 00:04:37.560 --> 00:04:43.199 entitled the Bizarre Quantum Paradox of Negative Time. Fisher is 78 00:04:43.240 --> 00:04:46.079 the author of quote The Long View, why we need 79 00:04:46.120 --> 00:04:50.480 to transform how the world sees time, and he says, 80 00:04:51.519 --> 00:04:55.720 and the quantum world, our intuitive grasp of past, present 81 00:04:55.839 --> 00:05:00.680 and future may not apply. He explores the discom bobulating 82 00:05:00.759 --> 00:05:06.079 concept of negative time are what he calls retro causality. 83 00:05:07.399 --> 00:05:07.879 Yikes. 84 00:05:08.000 --> 00:05:11.680 Okay, So here's an example he gives us. Tony's soprano 85 00:05:12.079 --> 00:05:16.399 is smoking a cigar driving home. His journey begins in Manhattan, 86 00:05:16.920 --> 00:05:20.800 where he enters the Lincoln Tunnel headed towards New Jersey. 87 00:05:21.360 --> 00:05:24.439 There's no traffic, So he passes through in a few minutes, 88 00:05:24.800 --> 00:05:29.519 emerging into daylight, and so begins the familiar opening credits 89 00:05:29.720 --> 00:05:33.240 of the Sopranos TV show. I imagine folks who watch 90 00:05:33.319 --> 00:05:35.800 that and know what I'm talking about. In the physical 91 00:05:35.839 --> 00:05:40.519 world of Mafia Bosses, one event follows another. So if 92 00:05:40.519 --> 00:05:44.439 Tony strikes a match to light a cigar, this needs 93 00:05:44.439 --> 00:05:48.000 to happen before the tip of the cigar ignites. Such 94 00:05:48.120 --> 00:05:53.120 causality appears to be fundamental to how we experience the universe. However, 95 00:05:53.480 --> 00:05:58.040 at the quantum level, temporal sequencing is not so clear 96 00:05:58.279 --> 00:06:03.000 or intuitive, Fisher says. In recent years, physicists have been 97 00:06:03.040 --> 00:06:07.360 exploring behaviors which seem to throw our understanding of past, 98 00:06:07.680 --> 00:06:13.519 present and future into question. So imagine that a spy 99 00:06:13.639 --> 00:06:17.639 helicopter is watching Tony emerge from the Lincoln Tunnel, but 100 00:06:17.720 --> 00:06:22.279 from the spy's perspective, Tony leaves the tunnel before he 101 00:06:22.439 --> 00:06:25.920 enters it. When the spy checks their watch, Tony has 102 00:06:25.959 --> 00:06:28.879 spent a negative amount of time going through the tunnel. 103 00:06:29.160 --> 00:06:33.360 Certainly this is impossible, but is it, asks Fisher. So 104 00:06:33.439 --> 00:06:37.720 he says that physicists are experimenting with the notion of 105 00:06:37.759 --> 00:06:41.839 the duration of negative time. In their experiments, they sent 106 00:06:41.959 --> 00:06:44.959 light pulses through the equivalent of a tunnel, but like 107 00:06:45.040 --> 00:06:49.120 Tony Soprano's puzzling drive, the pulse has apparently spent less 108 00:06:49.399 --> 00:06:53.920 than zero time traveling through. So Fisher says that that's 109 00:06:53.959 --> 00:06:58.079 not the only baffling example of temporal strangeness at very 110 00:06:58.120 --> 00:07:06.199 small scales. Theorist think it's conceivable that some particles could 111 00:07:06.240 --> 00:07:10.759 even change the past from the future via an effect called, 112 00:07:10.800 --> 00:07:13.079 as I've mentioned, retrocausality. 113 00:07:13.839 --> 00:07:15.600 In the quantum world, it. 114 00:07:15.639 --> 00:07:20.680 Seems our familiar understanding of time quickly becomes disoriented. 115 00:07:21.160 --> 00:07:23.319 Hang in there, we're going to try to make sense 116 00:07:23.360 --> 00:07:23.519 of that. 117 00:07:24.439 --> 00:07:26.040 Wait, I kind of understand that. 118 00:07:26.720 --> 00:07:28.560 Okay, you got me out here. 119 00:07:28.839 --> 00:07:33.120 Well, not in a science y way, but there have 120 00:07:33.120 --> 00:07:35.959 been times when I've been doing readings for people and 121 00:07:36.000 --> 00:07:40.959 I'll see that they've broken like a generational pattern, or 122 00:07:41.120 --> 00:07:44.439 I'll see that they've healed something really big, like maybe 123 00:07:44.439 --> 00:07:48.759 an addiction issue. And oftentimes I'll get the message that 124 00:07:48.879 --> 00:07:53.519 this is helping the ancestral line, that it echoes back 125 00:07:53.800 --> 00:07:56.920 into the past the healing that they're doing now. And 126 00:07:56.959 --> 00:07:59.399 I wonder if that's what he's talking about. Where he 127 00:07:59.480 --> 00:08:02.439 says that future events can affect past events. 128 00:08:03.920 --> 00:08:06.160 I think maybe, so hold on to that thought and 129 00:08:06.240 --> 00:08:08.399 let's come back to it as we get towards the end, 130 00:08:08.439 --> 00:08:10.839 because I think that we will wrap it up with 131 00:08:11.199 --> 00:08:16.000 some of that Okay. The United Nations has designated this 132 00:08:16.120 --> 00:08:21.040 year as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, 133 00:08:21.240 --> 00:08:25.000 as we celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of the development 134 00:08:25.040 --> 00:08:26.120 of quantum mechanics. 135 00:08:26.120 --> 00:08:26.519 This year. 136 00:08:26.720 --> 00:08:29.199 One of the lesser known experiments in research on the 137 00:08:29.240 --> 00:08:33.960 puzzling way that light tunnels through barriers, such as clouds 138 00:08:33.960 --> 00:08:36.919 of atoms, which is fascinating to me. In the nineteen 139 00:08:37.039 --> 00:08:42.080 ninety physicists fired photons through a barrier as a wave packet, 140 00:08:42.240 --> 00:08:44.879 which is a bundle of waves that describes both the 141 00:08:44.919 --> 00:08:49.480 particles and the wave of natural light. Interestingly, the packets 142 00:08:49.600 --> 00:08:54.559 peak apparently emerged before they entered, like a car leaving 143 00:08:54.559 --> 00:08:57.039 a tunnel before it drove in. The idea was actually 144 00:08:57.039 --> 00:09:00.200 proposed in the mid twentieth century, but finding a way 145 00:09:00.240 --> 00:09:04.720 to create an experiment to observe it proved difficult and tricky. Basically, 146 00:09:04.759 --> 00:09:08.320 the theory proposed that light could travel faster than itself, 147 00:09:09.399 --> 00:09:14.679 which is nonsensical Moreover, events in time were apparently occurring 148 00:09:15.000 --> 00:09:18.720 out of order. Well, Lord have mercy, we have to 149 00:09:18.799 --> 00:09:22.799 find a new way to reconcile that with our ideas 150 00:09:22.919 --> 00:09:28.039 of causalicity, says physicist Steinberg of the University of Toronto. 151 00:09:29.000 --> 00:09:34.159 Wait, so saying like, we're using Tony soprano oddly as 152 00:09:34.200 --> 00:09:38.000 an example. So he has to light the lighter before 153 00:09:38.240 --> 00:09:42.360 the cigar can work and do its magic for him. 154 00:09:42.919 --> 00:09:46.720 But this is saying there's no such thing as causality, 155 00:09:46.799 --> 00:09:49.519 So the cigar could be lit before he even strikes 156 00:09:49.519 --> 00:09:50.559 a match on the lighter. 157 00:09:51.039 --> 00:09:52.879 That's right, That's exactly right. 158 00:09:53.240 --> 00:09:56.480 Wow, that things happen out of order, and sometimes in 159 00:09:56.639 --> 00:10:02.759 basically reverse order. So Weinberg and his fellow physicists proposed 160 00:10:03.240 --> 00:10:08.279 that the wave packet, how light and moves through, was 161 00:10:08.320 --> 00:10:13.759 not time traveling, but reorganizing itself to give the appearance 162 00:10:13.960 --> 00:10:19.240 of effect coming before cause. So back to the tunnel. 163 00:10:19.600 --> 00:10:23.240 Imagine a line of cars driving between New York and 164 00:10:23.279 --> 00:10:27.879 New Jersey. We might picture them as one hundred Tony sopranos, 165 00:10:28.320 --> 00:10:32.639 each driving bumper to bumper. These represent photons in a 166 00:10:32.679 --> 00:10:36.200 wave packet. Now imagine that the line of Tony's depart 167 00:10:36.320 --> 00:10:40.679 Manhattan at one pm. At around one point thirty, the 168 00:10:40.720 --> 00:10:45.480 midpoint of this car train enters the Lincoln Tunnel. This 169 00:10:45.679 --> 00:10:49.120 is the peak of the wave packet. You would expect 170 00:10:49.200 --> 00:10:52.799 this peak to emerge a few minutes later, right, however, 171 00:10:53.240 --> 00:10:56.320 the peak has already left the tunnel at one twenty five. 172 00:10:57.000 --> 00:11:02.039 Tony Soprano is apparently a time traveler. What may actually 173 00:11:02.039 --> 00:11:05.519 be happening in this quantum level in this side this 174 00:11:05.679 --> 00:11:09.240 barrier is not all the photons are making it through 175 00:11:10.399 --> 00:11:13.799 in the car analogy. Some Tonys are getting pulled over 176 00:11:14.279 --> 00:11:18.120 or turned back in the experiment, and they are absorbed 177 00:11:18.440 --> 00:11:22.720 or ejected by adams within the barrier. When this happens, 178 00:11:23.159 --> 00:11:27.679 the forward tail of the wave packet reshapes itself into 179 00:11:27.799 --> 00:11:31.799 a new peak. It looks uncannily like the one entering. 180 00:11:32.320 --> 00:11:36.879 So imagine this. Imagine that you've seen all these cars 181 00:11:36.960 --> 00:11:39.799 in line, and you kind of have this idea of 182 00:11:39.840 --> 00:11:43.559 they're all moving forward in one direction, but they're really 183 00:11:43.679 --> 00:11:47.759 just like freeze frame points in time on like an 184 00:11:47.759 --> 00:11:51.960 old fashioned camera video camera, so that you just see 185 00:11:52.000 --> 00:11:55.879 a part of the same one car along the way, 186 00:11:56.240 --> 00:11:59.360 and then you begin to see, oh, yeah, it's just 187 00:11:59.440 --> 00:12:03.159 the same thing it's just the way the camera is 188 00:12:03.200 --> 00:12:04.519 taking the pictures like boom. 189 00:12:04.279 --> 00:12:06.159 Boom boom, boom boom. 190 00:12:06.799 --> 00:12:10.840 So it's more complex in that, of course, and more 191 00:12:10.879 --> 00:12:13.000 than we can attempt to explain. But here's the gist 192 00:12:13.080 --> 00:12:17.639 of Steinberg's explanation. So what appears to be a violation 193 00:12:17.879 --> 00:12:22.120 of physical laws is more like a reorganization within the 194 00:12:22.200 --> 00:12:27.799 light pulse. Basically, no particle is experiencing negative time, and 195 00:12:27.840 --> 00:12:32.240 there's no faster travel than light travel. But wait, there's more. 196 00:12:32.600 --> 00:12:36.639 More recent experiments after Steinberg's group have added a new 197 00:12:36.679 --> 00:12:41.080 twist and can't be explained yet. Whereas physicists in the 198 00:12:41.200 --> 00:12:45.919 earlier work we're observing an apparent negative delay a pulse 199 00:12:46.039 --> 00:12:49.879 leaving a barrier before it entered. In more recent research, 200 00:12:50.399 --> 00:12:56.200 a team led by physicist Daniella Angelo Marcello was in 201 00:12:56.320 --> 00:13:02.679 fact able to calculate a negative duration. A negative measurement 202 00:13:02.720 --> 00:13:06.759 of duration has added a new level of strangeness in the. 203 00:13:06.720 --> 00:13:08.799 Car analogy that we're working our way through. 204 00:13:08.840 --> 00:13:13.320 Tony Soprano is spending less than zero amount of time 205 00:13:13.399 --> 00:13:16.320 in the tunnel, and it can't be explained by the 206 00:13:16.360 --> 00:13:21.159 same wave packet reshuffling that explained the negative delay so 207 00:13:21.240 --> 00:13:22.720 now somebody is saying this morning. 208 00:13:22.720 --> 00:13:24.559 Wait, so he's not even in the tunnel. 209 00:13:26.159 --> 00:13:29.879 Well, he's there, but less than a zero amount of time. 210 00:13:30.360 --> 00:13:35.000 Wow, Tony's fast, is he not? 211 00:13:37.039 --> 00:13:40.480 So this is a whole other layer to this notion 212 00:13:40.720 --> 00:13:45.360 of Okay, first of all, there may be like negative time, 213 00:13:45.399 --> 00:13:49.519 but now we see it totally reshuffling. So when this 214 00:13:49.600 --> 00:13:53.240 weirdness was explored in the nineteen nineties, people have tried 215 00:13:53.279 --> 00:13:55.519 to make some sense of it. But looking again a 216 00:13:55.600 --> 00:13:59.519 little deeper, the mystery appears to now be kind of 217 00:14:00.639 --> 00:14:05.440 there's something here that is truly seemingly paradoxical. It, says 218 00:14:06.000 --> 00:14:10.200 Josiah Sinclair, who is at MIT who worked with Steinberg 219 00:14:10.320 --> 00:14:15.639 and his colleagues in recent years. There's no clear correspondence 220 00:14:15.720 --> 00:14:19.320 to the world that we know, the physical world experience, 221 00:14:19.679 --> 00:14:23.039 and so we're just left saying, okay, well, I guess 222 00:14:23.120 --> 00:14:28.120 quantum mechanics are just different, says Sinclair. We and this 223 00:14:28.200 --> 00:14:30.360 is in quotes here, This is not dam talking. We 224 00:14:30.519 --> 00:14:34.799 understand mathematically why it's happening, but we don't know how 225 00:14:34.840 --> 00:14:38.360 to talk about the physical meaning of it. Sinclair says, 226 00:14:38.480 --> 00:14:41.320 there's no clear correspondence to the world that we know 227 00:14:41.679 --> 00:14:46.320 the physical world we experience, and so we're just left saying, Okay, 228 00:14:46.600 --> 00:14:47.639 I really do guess. 229 00:14:47.440 --> 00:14:48.600 This is just different. 230 00:14:49.759 --> 00:14:53.120 But if you think this is strange, quantum Mechanics has 231 00:14:53.159 --> 00:14:55.039 even more bewilderment in store. 232 00:14:55.840 --> 00:14:58.799 This is bigging of my headspin because all I can 233 00:14:58.840 --> 00:15:01.440 think about several years ago I took the kids to 234 00:15:01.639 --> 00:15:06.279 an animated movie called Wrecket Ralph. I'm going to assume 235 00:15:06.360 --> 00:15:08.679 pretty positively that you've never seen it dev. 236 00:15:09.159 --> 00:15:10.759 That would be a true statement. 237 00:15:10.840 --> 00:15:16.240 Yes, But it's about a character, Ralph, who is the 238 00:15:16.279 --> 00:15:19.279 star of a video game, but he doesn't know he's 239 00:15:19.360 --> 00:15:22.559 the star of a video game. He thinks he just 240 00:15:22.639 --> 00:15:24.799 wakes up and has this job to do where he 241 00:15:24.919 --> 00:15:28.720 wrecks everything, and finally, through the help of some of 242 00:15:28.759 --> 00:15:32.840 his cast and characters, he realizes he's in a video 243 00:15:32.919 --> 00:15:35.120 game and it's about how he is trying to break 244 00:15:35.159 --> 00:15:38.799 out of it. Doesn't this make you feel like we're 245 00:15:38.840 --> 00:15:41.879 little Wrecket Ralph's in our own video games and this 246 00:15:41.919 --> 00:15:43.679 is all just a created illusion? 247 00:15:44.919 --> 00:15:47.080 Well you do wonder about that? Or you think back 248 00:15:47.120 --> 00:15:52.159 to Greg Braiden, I mean in the Matrix, right, Yeah, yeah, 249 00:15:52.759 --> 00:15:53.639 that kind of stuff. 250 00:15:53.840 --> 00:15:55.879 I think we should take a quick break and give 251 00:15:55.919 --> 00:16:01.720 everybody's brain time to settle, OK, and we will be 252 00:16:02.159 --> 00:16:10.279 right back. Welcome back everyone, All right, Dad, bring us 253 00:16:10.320 --> 00:16:11.720 back down into this tunnel. 254 00:16:11.879 --> 00:16:12.440 Here we go. 255 00:16:12.840 --> 00:16:15.039 But stay with us here, folks, because at the end 256 00:16:15.039 --> 00:16:17.519 we really are going to talk about why this matters, 257 00:16:17.639 --> 00:16:19.879 or at least what I thought I think it matters about. 258 00:16:20.000 --> 00:16:24.159 So this notion of retrocausality, the idea that particles may 259 00:16:24.159 --> 00:16:27.000 be able to change the past from the future, which 260 00:16:27.000 --> 00:16:29.159 is what Samantha was talking about a few minutes ago 261 00:16:29.200 --> 00:16:31.559 with some of the reading work that she's done. While 262 00:16:31.600 --> 00:16:35.240 this idea doesn't have the observational evidence of the quantum 263 00:16:35.320 --> 00:16:39.639 tunnel experiments, it's a prospect taken seriously by physicists. The 264 00:16:39.720 --> 00:16:43.639 reason is that such temporal weirdness would help to solve 265 00:16:43.679 --> 00:16:49.000 an apparent impossibility that has been observed that they're calling, quote, 266 00:16:49.200 --> 00:16:56.000 spooky action at a distance. Wait, science meets ghostbusters, Well 267 00:16:56.120 --> 00:17:01.039 not quite. This spooky action happens when two particles are entangled, 268 00:17:01.200 --> 00:17:04.519 which means they are strongly connected regardless of how far 269 00:17:04.599 --> 00:17:08.359 apart they are physically. In principle, they could be opposite 270 00:17:08.359 --> 00:17:12.440 sides of the universe. But when science measure, scientists measures, 271 00:17:12.480 --> 00:17:17.559 say the spin or polarization of one entangled particle, a 272 00:17:17.640 --> 00:17:23.880 corresponding property of its entangled partner becomes instantly determined. So 273 00:17:24.240 --> 00:17:26.880 I envisioned when I hear the word particle, I kind 274 00:17:26.880 --> 00:17:30.039 of think of this. Well, actually, my vision of it 275 00:17:30.079 --> 00:17:32.720 is kind of this short string and ones over here 276 00:17:32.759 --> 00:17:34.279 on one side of the universe and ones on the 277 00:17:34.319 --> 00:17:39.200 other side, and there's somehow or another deeply cosmetically connected, 278 00:17:39.519 --> 00:17:44.079 so that if somebody pokes one, the other one responds exactly. 279 00:17:44.200 --> 00:17:46.880 And you know, it makes me think of love. All 280 00:17:46.920 --> 00:17:49.880 those stories we've read and seen through the years of 281 00:17:50.359 --> 00:17:54.880 say twins or a parent and child, or partners who 282 00:17:54.960 --> 00:17:57.599 are on opposite sides of the world or the country, 283 00:17:58.200 --> 00:18:01.079 and something happens to one in the other one feels it. 284 00:18:01.160 --> 00:18:03.279 I mean, how many stories have we read like that? 285 00:18:04.000 --> 00:18:06.839 A zillion exactly, And that's exactly the image I had 286 00:18:07.200 --> 00:18:10.720 as I was reading this material. So back to the 287 00:18:10.759 --> 00:18:14.279 Sopranos as our example, it's a bit like if Tony 288 00:18:14.319 --> 00:18:17.319 had a twin brother who lived in California. If Tony 289 00:18:17.440 --> 00:18:22.200 orders veal at a restaurant in New Jersey, his brother's 290 00:18:22.559 --> 00:18:26.960 order at a Los Angeles restaurant instantly becomes veal too, 291 00:18:27.440 --> 00:18:30.960 or perhaps fish. The properties needn't be identical, but the 292 00:18:31.039 --> 00:18:33.839 key point is that the brother's meal is not determined 293 00:18:33.920 --> 00:18:36.480 until that moment. I'm not sure that's the best example 294 00:18:36.519 --> 00:18:39.359 I would give, but I think it's this notion of 295 00:18:40.440 --> 00:18:43.279 and we've done this with friends. For example, You're in 296 00:18:43.319 --> 00:18:46.720 a restaurant on your cruise and I'm in a restaurant 297 00:18:46.920 --> 00:18:51.440 where we live, and we think about each other, and poof, 298 00:18:51.559 --> 00:18:55.079 we've both ordered the same or similar meal because we've 299 00:18:55.079 --> 00:18:56.039 been thinking about each other. 300 00:18:56.079 --> 00:18:56.880 It's that sort of thing. 301 00:18:57.119 --> 00:19:01.599 So it's possible to show mathematically that those correlations that 302 00:19:01.720 --> 00:19:04.920 are not explainable in terms of a common cause in 303 00:19:04.920 --> 00:19:10.319 the past, says physicist Emily Adlam at Chatham University in California. 304 00:19:10.440 --> 00:19:14.359 She says it looks naively as though there's some kind 305 00:19:14.400 --> 00:19:18.119 of instantaneous signal going from one particle to another telling 306 00:19:18.279 --> 00:19:22.200 the particle what measurement you perform, or vice versa. That's 307 00:19:22.240 --> 00:19:25.359 pretty weird. Physicists don't think that signals should be able 308 00:19:25.400 --> 00:19:28.200 to be sent faster than light. And I read that 309 00:19:28.279 --> 00:19:31.720 and thought, I don't know that I agree with that exactly. 310 00:19:31.720 --> 00:19:33.000 The reasons we've just said. 311 00:19:32.960 --> 00:19:36.519 Yeah, yeah, same, I mean intuition is instantaneous. 312 00:19:36.960 --> 00:19:40.359 Absolutely, there's something cosmic I think that's being left out 313 00:19:40.480 --> 00:19:44.839 of this whole equation of this conversation. So one way 314 00:19:45.319 --> 00:19:48.880 to get around this, according to these researchers, one way 315 00:19:48.880 --> 00:19:52.559 to get around the spooky action at a distance problem 316 00:19:53.039 --> 00:19:55.920 also known as non locality, and I want to come 317 00:19:55.960 --> 00:19:59.559 back and ask you about that, Samantha, is to invoke retrocausality. 318 00:20:00.079 --> 00:20:04.480 This scenario, information does not need to pass instantaneously between 319 00:20:04.519 --> 00:20:09.160 the particles across space. It happens across time. And that 320 00:20:09.279 --> 00:20:11.720 of course, when I read that word non locality, I 321 00:20:11.759 --> 00:20:14.000 thought of your Cherish padre Pio. 322 00:20:13.880 --> 00:20:17.039 And yeah, and how he was able to bylocate, blocate. 323 00:20:17.119 --> 00:20:19.440 That's the word I was looking for. Yeah. 324 00:20:19.519 --> 00:20:22.119 So if this is true, it's this notion of time 325 00:20:22.599 --> 00:20:25.680 is the key here. It would mean that a measured 326 00:20:25.759 --> 00:20:30.440 particle passes information into the past to the moment it 327 00:20:30.599 --> 00:20:34.960 was entangled with its pair, with its twin, and then 328 00:20:35.160 --> 00:20:38.519 forwards to the motion and the moment at which the 329 00:20:38.599 --> 00:20:43.599 measurement happens. Or in the Sopranos analogy, Tony's meal order 330 00:20:43.640 --> 00:20:46.680 in New Jersey goes back to when the two twins 331 00:20:46.680 --> 00:20:51.519 were in the womb and then forwards to the California restaurant. Oh, 332 00:20:51.599 --> 00:20:56.920 that's some time travel. So here's my questions. What quantum 333 00:20:56.920 --> 00:21:01.480 physicists are calling retrocausality, which I think is a word 334 00:21:01.559 --> 00:21:05.079 I love. Is it that we Isn't that what we 335 00:21:05.119 --> 00:21:08.240 do when we're deeply connected to somebody? I mean, you 336 00:21:08.279 --> 00:21:10.839 and I both have had psychic connections to people we 337 00:21:10.880 --> 00:21:16.759 love in which communication happens beyond a time space continuum. 338 00:21:16.240 --> 00:21:20.400 For example, how many times have you picked up the 339 00:21:20.440 --> 00:21:22.519 phone to call one of your daughters and she's on 340 00:21:22.559 --> 00:21:24.920 the line calling you, and neither of your phone says 341 00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:26.319 yet to make the first ring? 342 00:21:26.839 --> 00:21:28.920 Oh all the time. How many times have you and 343 00:21:28.960 --> 00:21:30.720 I shown up to meet each other for lunch and 344 00:21:30.720 --> 00:21:31.960 we're wearing the same colors? 345 00:21:33.160 --> 00:21:35.799 Oh, we did that at Christmas? Remember we did, And 346 00:21:35.839 --> 00:21:37.359 we didn't talk about that. You know, we did not 347 00:21:37.480 --> 00:21:39.079 have that thing. 348 00:21:39.279 --> 00:21:41.279 No, I would never call up to and say what 349 00:21:41.319 --> 00:21:42.000 are you wearing? 350 00:21:44.359 --> 00:21:46.359 I know I wouldn't call Samantha because I know she'd 351 00:21:46.359 --> 00:21:48.039 say something big and fuzzy and that would be the 352 00:21:48.079 --> 00:21:52.119 end of that too. But we do that, we do, 353 00:21:52.359 --> 00:21:55.200 and this is this goes beyond science. To me, this 354 00:21:55.319 --> 00:21:59.799 is that meta physical, beyond the physical concepts that we 355 00:21:59.799 --> 00:22:03.880 say deeply believe in. So going down that rabbit hole 356 00:22:04.039 --> 00:22:08.240 of time connection, it made me think about time travel, 357 00:22:09.240 --> 00:22:15.079 and this notion of retrocausality is a counterintuitive concept for 358 00:22:15.440 --> 00:22:19.319 most of us to get our heads around. Still, if 359 00:22:19.319 --> 00:22:23.519 it's true, the universe would have to work differently than 360 00:22:23.559 --> 00:22:28.759 we currently imagine. Adam says, in one scenario, two timelines 361 00:22:28.759 --> 00:22:33.319 would essentially sit side by side. When people mention retrocausality, 362 00:22:33.799 --> 00:22:36.680 what they seem to have in mind is a picture 363 00:22:36.720 --> 00:22:40.799 in which there's a forward evolution and a backward evolution 364 00:22:41.000 --> 00:22:44.240 of the universe. It's a picture with two separate and 365 00:22:44.400 --> 00:22:50.640 independent causality arrows, that kind of dynamical picture of retrocausality 366 00:22:50.799 --> 00:22:55.000 where you have literally forward and backward processes happening in 367 00:22:55.039 --> 00:23:00.000 the same combination. So when I read that material, I thought, Okay, 368 00:23:00.279 --> 00:23:04.799 so she's envisioning these two parallel lines of time that 369 00:23:05.440 --> 00:23:08.920 work forward and backwards with each other, kind of like oh, 370 00:23:08.920 --> 00:23:13.799 I don't know rail road ties, you know, And I'm 371 00:23:13.839 --> 00:23:17.160 not sure that I would agree with that, nor is 372 00:23:17.200 --> 00:23:20.039 she She says that she does not think that this 373 00:23:20.200 --> 00:23:23.839 is a very appealing way to think about retro causality 374 00:23:24.000 --> 00:23:29.599 because you can get inconsistencies, contradictions, and paradoxes instead. She 375 00:23:29.759 --> 00:23:33.960 argues that retrocausality is more plausible if we live in 376 00:23:34.000 --> 00:23:36.400 what's known as a block universe. 377 00:23:37.640 --> 00:23:38.319 Okay, here we go. 378 00:23:38.880 --> 00:23:44.039 This is a hypothetical and philosophically controversial model of existence 379 00:23:44.519 --> 00:23:49.880 where all moments in time, past, present, and future exists 380 00:23:50.200 --> 00:23:53.960 inside a four dimensional object. So I guess we're in 381 00:23:53.960 --> 00:23:57.440 a cube, right yeah. I have to tell you when 382 00:23:57.920 --> 00:24:02.200 I thought about how all in the metaphysical world we 383 00:24:02.400 --> 00:24:05.480 say something to the effect I've heard me and you 384 00:24:05.559 --> 00:24:09.440 both do it. I hereby release whatever it is in 385 00:24:09.480 --> 00:24:10.720 all directions. 386 00:24:10.200 --> 00:24:13.000 Of time and space, right yeah? So do we live 387 00:24:13.039 --> 00:24:13.599 in that block? 388 00:24:13.839 --> 00:24:15.640 I don't know, because I'm thinking of a block with 389 00:24:15.720 --> 00:24:18.359 four corners, and the past is in one, the present 390 00:24:18.440 --> 00:24:20.799 is in the second, the futures in the third, what's 391 00:24:20.839 --> 00:24:22.839 in the fourth exactly? 392 00:24:24.079 --> 00:24:26.599 So hold on to that, because if this block is 393 00:24:26.640 --> 00:24:31.119 filled with every event that ever has or will happen, 394 00:24:31.880 --> 00:24:35.799 then it's easier to see how some hypothetical influence could 395 00:24:35.839 --> 00:24:39.799 pass between particles within it, says Adlam to explain the 396 00:24:39.839 --> 00:24:44.480 spooky actions of the entangled particles. Information would not need 397 00:24:44.519 --> 00:24:50.279 to travel backwards on some alternative retrocausalital timeline. There's no 398 00:24:50.440 --> 00:24:55.440 temporal flow, she says. Time is just another dimension within 399 00:24:55.480 --> 00:24:58.960 the block rather than being a material thing that moves. 400 00:25:00.079 --> 00:25:01.880 So she says, that's your fourth corner. 401 00:25:02.839 --> 00:25:06.160