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Speaker 1: Four methods of respiration. In the consideration of the question

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of respiration, we must begin by considering the mechanical arrangements

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whereby the respiratory movements are affected. The mechanics of respiration

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manifest through one the elastic movements of the lungs, and

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two the activities of the size and bottom of the

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thoracic cavity in which the lungs are contained. The thorax

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is that portion of the trunk between the neck and

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the abdomen, the cavity of which, known as the thoracic cavity,

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is occupied mainly by the lungs in heart. It is

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bounded by the spinal column, the ribs with their cartilages,

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the breastbone, and below by the diaphragm. It is generally

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spoken of as the chest. It has been compared to

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a completely shut conical box, the small end of which

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is turned upward, the back of the being formed by

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the spinal column, the front of the breastbone, and the

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sides of the ribs. The ribs are twenty four in number,

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twelve on each side, and emerge from each side of

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the spinal column. The upper seven pair are known as

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true ribs, being fastened to the breastbone direct while the

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lower five pairs are called false ribs or floating ribs

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because they are not so fastened, the upper two of

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them being fastened by cartilage to the other ribs, the

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remainder having no cartilages, their forward ends being free. The

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ribs are moved in respiration by two superficial muscular layers,

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known as the intercostal muscles the diaphragm. The muscular partition

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before alluded to separates the chest box from the abdominal cavity.

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In the act of inhalation, the muscles expand along so

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that a vacuum is created and the air rushes in

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in accordance with well known law physics, everything depends upon

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the muscles concerned in the process of respiration, which we

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may as for convenience, term the respiratory muscles. Without the

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aid of these muscles, the lungs cannot expand, and upon

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the proper use in control of these muscles, the science

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of breath largely depends. The proper control of these muscles

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will result in the ability to attain the maximum degree

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of lung expansion and the greatest amount of the life

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giving properties of the air into the system. The Yogis

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classify respiration into four general methods, namely one high breathing,

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two mid breathing, three low breathing four Yogi complete breathing.

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We will give a general idea of the first three

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methods and a more extended treatment of the fourth method,

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upon which the Yogi science of breath is largely based.

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One high breathing. This form of breathing is known to

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the worst as clavicular breathing or colibone breathing. One breathing

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in this way elevates the ribs and raises the collar

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bone and shoulders, at the same time drawing in the

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abdomen and pushing its contents up against the diaphragm, which

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in turn is raised. The upper part of the chest

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and lungs, which is the smallest, is used, and consequently,

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but a minimum amount of air enters the lungs. In

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addition to this, the diaphragm being raised, there could be

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no expansion in that direction. A study of the anatomy

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of the chest will convince any student that in this

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way a maximum amount of effort is used to obtain

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a minimum amount of benefit. High breathing is probably the

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worst form of breathing known to man, and requires the

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greatest expenditure of energy with the smallest amount of benefit.

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It is an energy wasting, poor returns plan. It is

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quite common among the Western races, many women being addicted

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to it, and even seeing clergymen, lawyers, and others who

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should know better using it ignorantly. Many diseases of the

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vocal organs and organs of respiration may be directly traced

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to this barbarous method of breathing, and the straining of

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delicate organs caused by this method often results in the harsh,

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disagreeable voices heard on all sides. Many persons who breathe

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in this way become addicted to the disgusting practice of

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mouth breathing described in a preceding chapter. If the student

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has any doubts about what has been said regarding this

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form of breathing, let him try the experiment of expelling

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all the air from his lungs. Then, standing erect with

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hands at sides, let him raise the shoulders in calibone

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and inhale. He will find that the amount of air

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inhale far below normal. Then let him inhale a full

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breath after dropping the shoulders in calabone, and he will

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receive an object lesson in breathing, which he will be

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apt to remember much longer than he would any words

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printed or spoken. Two mid breathing. This method of respiration

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is known to Western students as rib breathing or intercostal breeding,

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and while less objectionable than high breeding, is far inferior

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to either low breathing or to the yogi complete breath.

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In mid breathing, the diaphragm is pushed upward and the

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abomen drawed in, the ribs are raised somewhat, and the

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chest is partially expanding. It is quite common among men

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who have made no study of the subject, as there

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are two better methods known, we give it only passing notice,

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and that principally to call your attention to its shortcomings.

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Three low breathing. This form of respiration is far better

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than either of the two preceding forms, and of recent

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years many Western writers have extolled its merits and have

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exploited it under the names of abdominal breathing, deep breathing,

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diaphragmatic breathing, et cetera, et cetera. And much good has

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been accomplished by the attention of the public having been

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directed to the subject, and many have been induced to

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substitute it for the interior and injurious methods above alluded to.

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Many systems of breathing have been built around low breathing,

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and students have paid high prices to learn the new systems.

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But as we have said, much good has resulted, and

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after all, the students who paid high prices to learn

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revamped old systems undoubtedly got their money's worth if they

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were induced to discard the old methods of high breathing

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and low breathing. Although many Western authorities write and speak

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of this method as the best known form of breathing,

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the Yogis know it to be but a part of

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a system which they have used for centuries, and which

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they know as the complete breath. It must be admitted, however,

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that one must be acquainted with the principles of low

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breathing before he can grasp the idea of complete breathing.

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Let us again consider the diaphragm. What is it? We

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have seen that it is the great partition muscle which

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separates the chest and its contents from the abdomen and

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its contents. When at rest, it presents a concave surface

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to the abdomen. That is, the diaphragm as viewed from

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the abdomen, which seem like the sky is viewed from

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the earth the interior of an ARC's surface. Consequently, the

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site of the diaphragm toward the chest organs is like

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a protruding rounded surface, like a hill. When the diaphragm

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is brought into use, the hill formation is lowered and

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the diaphragm presses upon the abdominal organs and forces out

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the abdomen. In low breathing, the lungs are given freer

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play than in the methods already mentioned, and consequently more

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airs in heale. This fact has led the majority of

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Western writers to speak in right of low breathing, which

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they call abdominal breathing the highest and best method known

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to science. But the Oriental yogi has long known of

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a better method, and some few Western writers have also

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recognized this fact. The trouble with all methods of breathing

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other than yogi complete breathing is that in none of

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these methods do the lungs become filled with air. At

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the best, only a portion of the lung space is filled.

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Even in low breathing. High breathing feels only the upper

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portion of the lungs. Mid breathing feels only the middle

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and a portion of the upper parts. Low breathing feels

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only the lower and middle parts. It is evident that

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any method that fills the entire lung space must be

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far preferable to those filling only certain parts. Any method

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which will fill the entire lung space must be the

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greatest value to man in the way of allowing him

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to absorb the greatest quantity of oxygen and to store

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away the greatest amount of pronum. The complete breath is

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known to the Yogis to be the best method of

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respiration known to science. The Yogi complete breath. Yogi complete

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breathing includes all the good points of high breeding, mid breathing,

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and low breathing, with the objectionable features of each eliminating.

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It brings into play the entire respiratory apparatus, every part

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of the lungs, every air cell, every respiratory muscle. The

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entire respiratory organism responds to this method of breathing, and

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the maximum amount of benefit is derived from the minimum

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expenditure of energy. The chest cavity is increased to its

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normal limits in all directions, and every part of the

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machinery performs its natural work and functions. One of the

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most important features of this method of breathing is the

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fact that the respiratory muscles are fully called into play,

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whereas in the other forms of breathing only a portion

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of these muscles are so used in complete breathing. Among

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other muscles, those controlling the ribs are actively used, which

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increases the space in which the lungs may expand and

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also gives the proper support to the organs when needed.

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Nature availing herself of the perfection of the principle of

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leverage in this process, certain muscles hold the lower ribs

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firmly in position, while other muscles bend them outward. Then again.

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In this method, the diaphragm is under perfect control and

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is able to perform its functions properly and in such

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manner as to yield the maximum degree of service. In

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the rib action above alluded to. The lower ribs are

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controlled by the diaphragm, which draws them slightly downward, while

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other muscles hold them in place and the intercostal muscles

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force them outward, which combined action increases the mid chest

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cavity to its maximum. In addition to this muscular action,

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the alper ribs are also lifted and forced outward by

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the intercostal muscles, which increases the capacity of the upper

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chest to its fullest extent. If you have studied the

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special features of the forgiven methods of breathing, you will

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at once see that the complete breath comprises all the

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advantageous features of the three other methods, plus the reciprocal

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advantages accruing from the combined action of the high chest,

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mid chest and difragmatic regions, and the normal rhythm thus obtained.

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In our next chapter, we will take up the complete

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breath in practice, and will give full directions for the

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acquirement of the superior method of breathing with exercises, et cetera.