WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.720 --> 00:00:03.839 So it is my great honor to introduce a man 2 00:00:03.879 --> 00:00:06.200 who needs no introduction. I'm not sure where he's at, 3 00:00:06.280 --> 00:00:08.199 but I'm sure he's going to come in here somewhere. 4 00:00:08.199 --> 00:00:08.679 Where is he? 5 00:00:09.199 --> 00:00:14.320 Okay, there you go, a gentleman who we can call Elon. 6 00:00:14.400 --> 00:00:16.480 In everybody, at least in this country, I know exactly 7 00:00:16.559 --> 00:00:21.199 who you're talking about. But mister Elon Musk, he's the CEO, 8 00:00:21.359 --> 00:00:28.039 lead designer of SpaceX. Everyone I think knows this. SpaceX 9 00:00:28.160 --> 00:00:33.200 is an amazing commercial company. It's the first company to 10 00:00:33.320 --> 00:00:38.039 launch commercial rocket and to low Earth orbit with their 11 00:00:38.079 --> 00:00:41.520 Falcon one launch. Then in two thousand and eight they 12 00:00:41.560 --> 00:00:45.280 were one of the winners of a contract to bring 13 00:00:45.479 --> 00:00:49.359 services to the International Space Station, the first commercial company 14 00:00:49.399 --> 00:00:52.679 to birth with the International Space Station bringing supplies. They're 15 00:00:52.719 --> 00:00:56.039 also the first commercial company to return a sizeable returned 16 00:00:56.119 --> 00:00:59.719 vehicle with all the components still intact, which is very 17 00:00:59.719 --> 00:01:03.759 import to us back to the surface of the Earth. 18 00:01:03.799 --> 00:01:06.879 And so it's an amazing company. Has done a great 19 00:01:07.000 --> 00:01:11.480 job and continues to push the boundaries. You'll hear from Elon, 20 00:01:11.599 --> 00:01:13.760 but his interest really is not so much in lower 21 00:01:13.760 --> 00:01:16.480 Earth orbit as it is going beyond low Earth orbit 22 00:01:16.560 --> 00:01:21.599 and making sure humanity will continue to live by exploring 23 00:01:21.640 --> 00:01:27.840 beyond beyond Earth. Elon has a varied history of things 24 00:01:27.840 --> 00:01:30.519 that he's been involved in. This was This is one 25 00:01:30.519 --> 00:01:32.159 of the things that makes it so exciting to have 26 00:01:32.200 --> 00:01:36.000 this conversation with him today. He's not one dimensional space guy. 27 00:01:36.079 --> 00:01:38.599 He's involved in Tesla Motors, which he is a co 28 00:01:38.680 --> 00:01:42.760 founder and CEO, and also a major player in the 29 00:01:42.840 --> 00:01:45.719 design efforts and what they choose to go build and how. 30 00:01:46.840 --> 00:01:48.400 Of course, he was a co founder. 31 00:01:48.040 --> 00:01:49.519 Of PayPal and zip too. 32 00:01:50.599 --> 00:01:54.280 He's deeply involved in a number of other industries as well. 33 00:01:54.680 --> 00:01:57.799 And so it's my great honor to welcome Elon Muska 34 00:01:57.879 --> 00:02:18.479 to the stage. Thanks for coming, appreciate it. Okay, well, 35 00:02:18.560 --> 00:02:22.400 these are great chairs, you guys. 36 00:02:22.599 --> 00:02:23.680 Look at those chairs you're in. 37 00:02:25.680 --> 00:02:28.560 Let's see. So Elon, you've you and I were gonna 38 00:02:28.560 --> 00:02:30.159 have a little chat this morning. We said it was 39 00:02:30.159 --> 00:02:32.840 gonna be a fireside chat. So minus the fireside I 40 00:02:32.840 --> 00:02:36.919 guess we're ready again. I've, as you heard, I've encouraged 41 00:02:36.919 --> 00:02:38.879 folks to ask a few questions along the way, but 42 00:02:38.960 --> 00:02:41.120 I have a few, a few questions I thought to 43 00:02:41.159 --> 00:02:44.080 get us started. So the first one, which is probably 44 00:02:44.080 --> 00:02:46.639 on everybody's mind is perhaps you want to discuss a 45 00:02:46.680 --> 00:02:50.840 little bit about the recent loss of the dragon in 46 00:02:51.280 --> 00:02:53.120 the Falcon nine here on SpaceX seven. 47 00:02:54.680 --> 00:02:57.680 Sure, well, I mean I think it's it's obviously it's 48 00:02:57.680 --> 00:03:03.599 a huge loads to to SpaceX and and or do 49 00:03:03.639 --> 00:03:10.919 we take these missions incredibly seriously the invest Everyone that 50 00:03:11.000 --> 00:03:15.400 can engage in the investigation of SpaceX is very very 51 00:03:15.439 --> 00:03:20.840 focused on that. And in this case, the the data 52 00:03:21.360 --> 00:03:25.800 does seem to be quite difficult to interpret, Like whatever 53 00:03:25.840 --> 00:03:28.479 happened is is clearly not not a sort of simple 54 00:03:29.080 --> 00:03:34.599 straightforward thing. So we want to spend as much time 55 00:03:34.639 --> 00:03:37.879 as possible just reviewing the data, obviously going over it 56 00:03:37.919 --> 00:03:40.599 with with NASA and with the FA and with the 57 00:03:41.240 --> 00:03:44.919 number of other customers, and just sort of seeing what 58 00:03:45.159 --> 00:03:49.479 to feedback everyone has based on their prior experience, to 59 00:03:49.520 --> 00:03:53.039 see if we can get to what the most likely 60 00:03:53.159 --> 00:03:57.120 root causes, look at look at both what we think 61 00:03:57.199 --> 00:04:01.360 most likely happened and then anything that's a close call, 62 00:04:01.879 --> 00:04:06.080 and try to address all of those things and maximize 63 00:04:06.120 --> 00:04:08.120 the probably of success for future missions. 64 00:04:08.800 --> 00:04:13.199 Any hints on where you think the problem lies, well. 65 00:04:13.039 --> 00:04:15.240 And I know that there's there's media in the audience, 66 00:04:15.280 --> 00:04:17.120 so you have to be there, right. 67 00:04:18.399 --> 00:04:21.519 I never really learned that, but that is a lesson 68 00:04:21.839 --> 00:04:22.360 working on. 69 00:04:22.920 --> 00:04:27.360 So so it's yeah, I mean, I you know, the. 70 00:04:29.920 --> 00:04:31.079 I think, I think. 71 00:04:31.680 --> 00:04:34.439 I think we'll be able to say something. 72 00:04:36.040 --> 00:04:37.600 More definitive towards the end of the week. 73 00:04:39.120 --> 00:04:41.959 At this point, really the only thing that's really clear 74 00:04:42.079 --> 00:04:45.480 is that there was some kind of over pressure events 75 00:04:45.519 --> 00:04:49.199 in the upper stage liquid oxygen tank, but the exact 76 00:04:49.240 --> 00:04:52.319 cause and the sequence of events, there's there's still. 77 00:04:52.160 --> 00:04:57.439 No clear theory that fits with all the data. 78 00:04:58.319 --> 00:05:00.439 So we have to determine if some of the data 79 00:05:01.199 --> 00:05:05.519 is a measurement error of some kind or whether there 80 00:05:05.560 --> 00:05:09.600 is actually a theory that matches the sort of what. 81 00:05:10.000 --> 00:05:11.639 Appeared to be conflicting data points. 82 00:05:12.160 --> 00:05:15.639 Okay, very good. I'll just make a comment. The tweets 83 00:05:15.680 --> 00:05:18.920 you put out regularly, particularly when events like this happen, 84 00:05:19.680 --> 00:05:22.120 are really useful to everybody. We really do appreciate it. 85 00:05:22.120 --> 00:05:24.600 You'd be amazed at how many folks quote what you 86 00:05:24.720 --> 00:05:28.439 said and how glad they are that you just step 87 00:05:28.519 --> 00:05:30.920 right out and at least give some sign about what's 88 00:05:30.959 --> 00:05:32.600 going on and that you know we'll get through it. 89 00:05:32.720 --> 00:05:33.399 Things are going well. 90 00:05:33.439 --> 00:05:37.240 So we appreciate that absolutely, and for sure, as soon 91 00:05:37.240 --> 00:05:40.560 as we think we've got a clear line on what 92 00:05:40.959 --> 00:05:42.879 happened and we've sort of cross checked it with as 93 00:05:42.879 --> 00:05:46.800 many experts as we can, and certainly appreciate that the 94 00:05:46.800 --> 00:05:50.079 feedback from NASA on this front, very. 95 00:05:49.600 --> 00:05:54.480 Much appreciate it. We'll certainly put a put out that story. 96 00:05:54.480 --> 00:05:58.079 I'm only reticence about saying something quite yet is I 97 00:05:58.079 --> 00:06:00.160 don't want to say something that subsequently turns out to 98 00:06:00.199 --> 00:06:03.000 be a miss misunderstanding of the situation. 99 00:06:03.120 --> 00:06:04.560 Oh yeah, absolutely understand that. 100 00:06:05.199 --> 00:06:09.720 So one of the questions that I asked myself regularly 101 00:06:10.079 --> 00:06:16.639 is at what point does all this government help hurt? 102 00:06:18.000 --> 00:06:21.399 So this event occurred, and we have you have the 103 00:06:21.519 --> 00:06:26.199 NASA folks there from from about three different programs that 104 00:06:26.319 --> 00:06:29.360 intend to use your services, ISS being one of them. 105 00:06:30.040 --> 00:06:34.680 You have the FAA that's UH, that's involved, the range 106 00:06:35.800 --> 00:06:43.639 folks are there without feeling like you're giving your customers 107 00:06:43.639 --> 00:06:49.240 a hard time? How is that interaction? And what what 108 00:06:49.480 --> 00:06:53.279 should we consider doing differently so that we in those 109 00:06:53.319 --> 00:06:56.120 areas where we can help, we are helpful, and in 110 00:06:56.160 --> 00:07:00.560 those those areas where we're really keeping you from getting 111 00:07:00.560 --> 00:07:02.920 your job done, we can modify ourselves. 112 00:07:03.759 --> 00:07:05.839 Yeah, Actually, I think the interaction with NASA has been 113 00:07:05.839 --> 00:07:10.439 great this far. The big the biggest challenges that there 114 00:07:10.439 --> 00:07:16.160 are a lot of inquiries coming in simultaneously, so it's 115 00:07:16.160 --> 00:07:19.600 it's hard to sort of keep you know, respond to 116 00:07:19.600 --> 00:07:22.360 respond to everyone right away. But but actually it seems 117 00:07:22.399 --> 00:07:24.839 to have gone fairly well. The biggest thing that's needed 118 00:07:24.879 --> 00:07:26.759 in the in the sort of short term is the 119 00:07:26.759 --> 00:07:29.839 ability to sort of gather all the data create a 120 00:07:29.959 --> 00:07:33.319 very precise timeline so that you know, by by the melosecond, 121 00:07:33.360 --> 00:07:36.959 we know what each sensor was reading, and we can 122 00:07:37.759 --> 00:07:40.680 correlate that with the ground video. And actually, like one 123 00:07:40.720 --> 00:07:44.120 of the biggest challenges is matching the things to the 124 00:07:44.160 --> 00:07:47.920 exact time, you know, because when you're talking about you know, 125 00:07:48.040 --> 00:07:52.360 a matter of meloseconds, you know, being able to say, 126 00:07:52.519 --> 00:07:56.160 what is the groundtrack video compared to the data as 127 00:07:56.199 --> 00:07:59.920 received by the you know, by by the ground station 128 00:08:00.079 --> 00:08:03.040 from the rocket, and then taking into account for exactly 129 00:08:03.399 --> 00:08:06.279 the actual time taking to generate a packet of information, 130 00:08:08.160 --> 00:08:11.800 When was that sensor read, when was it encoded into 131 00:08:11.839 --> 00:08:14.079 a packet, and when was that packet sent to the 132 00:08:14.079 --> 00:08:18.920 ground When when you're doing in in mollerseconds, that all 133 00:08:18.959 --> 00:08:20.839 that stuff actually makes quite a big difference. 134 00:08:22.199 --> 00:08:25.680 So that's the biggest sort of effort. 135 00:08:25.399 --> 00:08:28.360 We've been engaged thus far is just putting together a 136 00:08:28.399 --> 00:08:33.200 super detailed timeline and then just making sure that we 137 00:08:33.320 --> 00:08:36.759 have the sequence of events down as precisely as possible. 138 00:08:36.799 --> 00:08:37.919 That's what we're working on. 139 00:08:38.480 --> 00:08:43.679 And but but actually, certainly with the interaction we've had 140 00:08:43.679 --> 00:08:45.600 with with Nason with us has actually been quite good 141 00:08:45.720 --> 00:08:48.679 thus far, and we've explained that this is what we're doing, 142 00:08:48.720 --> 00:08:54.279 and then we very much welcome any feedback or input 143 00:08:54.799 --> 00:08:56.679 or a view of the data that would lead us 144 00:08:56.679 --> 00:08:59.399 to a better understanding of the circumstances. 145 00:08:59.879 --> 00:09:03.279 I thought we had a very productive discussion back when 146 00:09:03.320 --> 00:09:06.440 we had the Engine one anomaly, and so I found 147 00:09:06.440 --> 00:09:10.080 it'd be very useful. But that's a perspective from a 148 00:09:10.159 --> 00:09:13.399 NASA perspective, so it's always interesting to know your perspective 149 00:09:13.440 --> 00:09:13.679 of that. 150 00:09:13.919 --> 00:09:17.639 Yeah, it's seems to be quite quite good actually. Right now, so. 151 00:09:19.440 --> 00:09:22.600 You're building the last couple launches, you've had landing legs, 152 00:09:22.639 --> 00:09:26.960 and you've been working on landing the first stage back 153 00:09:27.240 --> 00:09:29.840 eventually to shore. Can you talk a little bit about 154 00:09:29.879 --> 00:09:31.840 that and which your vision is for that and for 155 00:09:31.960 --> 00:09:32.919 SpaceX in general. 156 00:09:32.960 --> 00:09:33.639 As you go forward. 157 00:09:34.200 --> 00:09:38.879 Sure, Well, the overwatching goal of SpaceX is to try 158 00:09:38.919 --> 00:09:44.279 to advance the state of space transport, advanced space transport 159 00:09:44.279 --> 00:09:48.240 technology to a point where well it get as far 160 00:09:48.279 --> 00:09:52.799 along the path as we can to where space travel 161 00:09:53.039 --> 00:09:56.000 is hopefully commonplace at some point in the future, and 162 00:09:56.960 --> 00:09:59.919 where we can send large numbers of people and cargo 163 00:10:00.200 --> 00:10:03.480 to other planets. And you know, it's like that's the 164 00:10:03.519 --> 00:10:05.679 sort of thing that that needs to happen for humanity 165 00:10:05.679 --> 00:10:07.799 to have a great future in space. So we want 166 00:10:07.840 --> 00:10:10.080 to keep pushing that, and I think like a key 167 00:10:10.200 --> 00:10:16.000 to to that future is reusability. So that's why we've 168 00:10:16.000 --> 00:10:20.679 worked quite hard on reusability, and unfortunately we haven't succeeded yet. 169 00:10:20.799 --> 00:10:25.480 And in fact, the last launch ironically was we we 170 00:10:25.600 --> 00:10:29.159 actually had the best chance of landing the vehicle on 171 00:10:29.200 --> 00:10:31.960 the on the sort of grown ship that's keeping station 172 00:10:32.080 --> 00:10:35.840 in the Atlantic. So we're actually quite sort of geared 173 00:10:35.919 --> 00:10:38.480 up for hopefully this would be a really great launch 174 00:10:38.519 --> 00:10:41.480 and unfortunately ended up being the opposite on my birthday 175 00:10:41.519 --> 00:10:49.200 of all things, a real downer you'll remember it though, 176 00:10:50.120 --> 00:10:56.080 definitely low point. But but but I do think in 177 00:10:56.120 --> 00:10:58.759 the in the future launches that that we've got a 178 00:10:58.759 --> 00:11:03.000 decent chance of on the ship and then bringing the 179 00:11:03.000 --> 00:11:07.000 boostage back to land. And then the next challenge, of course, 180 00:11:07.240 --> 00:11:11.360 is trying to figure out how to if efficiently effectively 181 00:11:11.399 --> 00:11:16.360 reuse it. And it is designed for easy reuse in theory, 182 00:11:16.919 --> 00:11:19.759 but we've got to see what the stage looks looks 183 00:11:19.799 --> 00:11:24.159 like when it comes back to one piece. We have 184 00:11:24.279 --> 00:11:26.080 been able to over the last few years to do 185 00:11:26.120 --> 00:11:31.279 a number of vertical takeoff and landing tests of hardware 186 00:11:31.320 --> 00:11:33.919 that's essentially in the flight configuration, so we know we 187 00:11:33.960 --> 00:11:37.960 can we can handle the terminal phase if you know, 188 00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:41.480 if things go right, we can take off land no problem. 189 00:11:41.720 --> 00:11:45.720 So it's just a question of completing all the pieces 190 00:11:45.919 --> 00:11:48.919 and hopefully later this year won't be able to do that, 191 00:11:49.600 --> 00:11:51.919 but that that's key. So but of course that doesn't 192 00:11:52.200 --> 00:11:55.639 address upper stage reuse, but it addresses boost stage reuse, 193 00:11:55.679 --> 00:11:58.679 which is sort of seventy percent to eight percent of 194 00:11:58.720 --> 00:12:03.600 the of the of the CRS and but I think 195 00:12:03.639 --> 00:12:08.000 would be a great step towards lowering the cost of 196 00:12:08.639 --> 00:12:09.519 space transport. 197 00:12:10.480 --> 00:12:13.879 So you know, if you look at your history, I 198 00:12:13.879 --> 00:12:15.679 guess zip to PayPal. 199 00:12:15.840 --> 00:12:16.480 These are. 200 00:12:17.840 --> 00:12:24.519 Largely software type efforts. Now you've got Tesla electric cars, 201 00:12:24.919 --> 00:12:30.559 you're building a battery plant solar City. I guess you're 202 00:12:30.720 --> 00:12:32.600 involved in solar City. So why space? 203 00:12:33.039 --> 00:12:34.000 It seems. 204 00:12:35.240 --> 00:12:37.320 Space to me and just what I rate we with 205 00:12:37.440 --> 00:12:39.320 you seems to be more of a passion than the 206 00:12:39.360 --> 00:12:42.919 others or are businesses. But I I can't tell why space? 207 00:12:42.960 --> 00:12:43.519 Why are you? 208 00:12:43.639 --> 00:12:45.320 Why do you think it's important for us to be 209 00:12:46.039 --> 00:12:47.639 having access to lowerth orbit? 210 00:12:48.320 --> 00:12:52.159 Well, the I mean actually technically, I mean with with the. 211 00:12:54.399 --> 00:12:57.519 Tesla and Solar City, they're about helping to solve the 212 00:12:57.559 --> 00:13:00.000 sustainable energy problem. 213 00:13:00.480 --> 00:13:01.519 And uh so. 214 00:13:01.799 --> 00:13:03.519 We're trying to make progress in that front on the 215 00:13:03.600 --> 00:13:07.639 with those companies. With with SpaceX, it's uh trying to 216 00:13:07.679 --> 00:13:12.000 help solve the kind of space bearing problem. 217 00:13:12.360 --> 00:13:13.399 I mean I I I. 218 00:13:13.279 --> 00:13:15.559 Think that a a future where we're a space bring 219 00:13:15.600 --> 00:13:20.159 civilization and a and a multiplanet species is very exciting, inspiring, 220 00:13:20.960 --> 00:13:25.519 awesome future. And in order for that to happen, we've 221 00:13:25.600 --> 00:13:32.679 we've got to dramatically improve the cost of spaceflight. And 222 00:13:33.039 --> 00:13:37.720 uh and that's that's why why SpaceX exists, is to 223 00:13:37.759 --> 00:13:40.120 try to try to lower the cost of space flight, 224 00:13:41.120 --> 00:13:43.200 which we've made some progress in doing, but still I 225 00:13:43.240 --> 00:13:49.440 would call up improvements thus far evolutionary, not revolutionary, and 226 00:13:50.159 --> 00:13:52.600 but with with a lot of continued work, and I 227 00:13:52.639 --> 00:13:56.919 think there's the potential for for order of magnitude or 228 00:13:56.960 --> 00:14:00.480 greater improvements. Reasonability being key to all of that, of course. 229 00:14:03.120 --> 00:14:05.440 And yeah, and then hopefully if you know, if we 230 00:14:05.480 --> 00:14:08.559 want to see if we can keep improving the constant 231 00:14:08.559 --> 00:14:12.480 space flight and eventually that trend is in the right direction, 232 00:14:12.759 --> 00:14:16.639 that could be leading to a city on Mars, and 233 00:14:16.679 --> 00:14:18.919 certainly along the way a lot of activity in low 234 00:14:18.960 --> 00:14:22.679 with orbit and the Moon and you. 235 00:14:22.759 --> 00:14:24.279 Know, lots of other exciting things. 236 00:14:25.600 --> 00:14:27.919 So one of the things we're trying to do with 237 00:14:28.000 --> 00:14:32.360 the International Space Station is try to figure out which 238 00:14:32.480 --> 00:14:35.559 industries will prosper from the use of lower orbit to 239 00:14:35.679 --> 00:14:41.639 try to understand or help grow the economy. 240 00:14:41.240 --> 00:14:42.440 Essentially in lower th orbit. 241 00:14:43.919 --> 00:14:46.639 And folks who are doing that are all taking risks today. 242 00:14:47.440 --> 00:14:49.519 Our job is to try to reduce the risk as 243 00:14:49.600 --> 00:14:52.799 much as we can near term so that they can 244 00:14:53.279 --> 00:14:56.240 get the information they need to really have a business 245 00:14:56.240 --> 00:15:01.000 case for the future. But everyone's trying toulate a risk. 246 00:15:01.200 --> 00:15:07.120 So is there an e long Musk philosophy of risk 247 00:15:07.279 --> 00:15:10.519 Bursted benefit? And when you when you think is the 248 00:15:10.600 --> 00:15:13.039 right time to jump in. I mean, what is your 249 00:15:13.039 --> 00:15:17.399 thought on on how to approach new industries, innovative areas 250 00:15:17.440 --> 00:15:19.639 and when's the right time to jump in or not? 251 00:15:21.039 --> 00:15:24.480 Or do you just is there no crystal ball or 252 00:15:24.559 --> 00:15:26.440 is it a crystal ball or wigi board? I mean, 253 00:15:26.480 --> 00:15:27.799 how do you how do you figure out what you 254 00:15:27.799 --> 00:15:28.559 should go after? 255 00:15:29.120 --> 00:15:34.759 Well, definitely the course much more reliable than the crystal ball, 256 00:15:37.720 --> 00:15:44.759 So the yeah, I mean, I don't really like risk 257 00:15:44.840 --> 00:15:48.000 for risk sake or anything. It's and I do think 258 00:15:48.039 --> 00:15:53.639 that all the things are are very risky with a 259 00:15:53.639 --> 00:15:57.080 low chance of success. But if you want to try 260 00:15:57.080 --> 00:16:00.320 to come up with an introvertive breakthrough, that's kind of 261 00:16:00.559 --> 00:16:01.240 that's gonna. 262 00:16:01.039 --> 00:16:01.600 Be how it is. 263 00:16:03.120 --> 00:16:07.120 I an anything which which is significantly innovative is gonna 264 00:16:07.120 --> 00:16:12.200 come with the significant risk of failure. And but you know, 265 00:16:12.200 --> 00:16:14.399 if you you've got to take big chances in order 266 00:16:14.440 --> 00:16:16.039 for the potential for a big. 267 00:16:16.440 --> 00:16:19.480 Positive outcome, and. 268 00:16:21.000 --> 00:16:22.960 You know, just if and if if, I mean if 269 00:16:23.080 --> 00:16:26.759 if the outcome is exciting enough, then then taking a. 270 00:16:26.679 --> 00:16:31.159 Big risk is worthwhile. Ye, it's really our approach it. 271 00:16:31.200 --> 00:16:33.960 But w but then once executing down a path, I 272 00:16:33.960 --> 00:16:37.960 actually do my absolute best to reduce uh risk, you know, 273 00:16:38.159 --> 00:16:40.480 cause or or or to improve the po another way 274 00:16:40.519 --> 00:16:43.360 of saying, to improve the pobality of success because uh 275 00:16:43.759 --> 00:16:46.440 wh when you try to do something that is very 276 00:16:47.519 --> 00:16:51.360 very risky, uh that you ha, you you you have 277 00:16:51.480 --> 00:16:53.559 to spend a lot of effort trying to reduce that 278 00:16:53.639 --> 00:16:58.159 risk as you emblock down that path. I mean when wa, 279 00:16:58.759 --> 00:17:01.120 when I start as SpaceX, I thought the odds of 280 00:17:01.159 --> 00:17:04.720 success were very low. I thought we'd most likely fail, 281 00:17:05.599 --> 00:17:08.880 but I thought, well, we should give it a try. Nonetheless, 282 00:17:11.119 --> 00:17:14.400 and and then I'm not sure if you know what 283 00:17:14.400 --> 00:17:19.480 what preceded SpaceX because the why I got into the space. 284 00:17:21.279 --> 00:17:24.200 I remember, you're trying to purchase a vehicle two from 285 00:17:24.240 --> 00:17:26.000 our Russian cor That's what I'm talking about. 286 00:17:26.839 --> 00:17:28.440 Well, actually it was. 287 00:17:29.880 --> 00:17:33.359 The reason I got into space was to try to 288 00:17:33.359 --> 00:17:34.440 increase NASA's budget. 289 00:17:35.799 --> 00:17:43.359 Well the. 290 00:17:45.039 --> 00:17:47.000 And but so I'll tell you so the roundabout way 291 00:17:47.039 --> 00:17:50.960 I thought that might be accomplished was I thought, well, 292 00:17:51.000 --> 00:17:53.759 if if NASA's budget was more, was larger than we 293 00:17:53.799 --> 00:17:57.680 could do more in space exploration. And I thought, well, 294 00:17:57.799 --> 00:18:01.240 what particularly if we could get the public excited about 295 00:18:01.279 --> 00:18:04.640 sending people tomorrows? And I thought, well, if I could 296 00:18:04.680 --> 00:18:07.920 do a small greenhouse and send that to the surface 297 00:18:07.960 --> 00:18:11.680 of Mars with seasons in nutrient jail, and you hydrate 298 00:18:11.680 --> 00:18:13.759 the gael and landing you have a little miniature greenhouse, 299 00:18:14.240 --> 00:18:17.000 and then you'd have The public tends to get excited 300 00:18:17.000 --> 00:18:20.880 about precedents and superlatives. So if we like the you know, 301 00:18:20.960 --> 00:18:23.599 sort of first life on Mars, the furthest lives ever traveled, 302 00:18:23.720 --> 00:18:25.599 and you get people sort of excited about, well, but 303 00:18:25.640 --> 00:18:26.720 where we send people. 304 00:18:26.599 --> 00:18:29.680 There, like the health plants, we should send people, you know. 305 00:18:30.880 --> 00:18:35.240 And then I thought, well that could if that could 306 00:18:35.680 --> 00:18:38.160 get the public really excited about sending people tomorrows, then 307 00:18:38.160 --> 00:18:41.400 that would translate into congressional support for a bigger massa budget. 308 00:18:41.559 --> 00:18:42.240 That was the goal. 309 00:18:43.160 --> 00:18:46.880 And then I didn't have enough money to buy and 310 00:18:47.039 --> 00:18:48.680 I thought that that outcome would have a hard per 311 00:18:48.720 --> 00:18:51.039 cent chance of no commercial success. 312 00:18:52.559 --> 00:18:54.720 So the harp cent chance of losing all the money. 313 00:18:54.759 --> 00:18:58.640 So compared to that SpaceX, which I thought maybe had 314 00:18:58.640 --> 00:19:01.200 a ten percent chance of success, that was an improvement. 315 00:19:05.720 --> 00:19:07.720 There You go, well, that makes that makes good sense. 316 00:19:08.079 --> 00:19:10.400 So are you still thinking about that? I do remember 317 00:19:10.440 --> 00:19:12.960 that conversation. This was the idea where you used Martian 318 00:19:13.000 --> 00:19:21.519 regulars you send these self contained habitats, if not habitat. 319 00:19:19.599 --> 00:19:22.200 And grow like commuter across or something. 320 00:19:22.279 --> 00:19:25.160 But just to prove the concept, Yeah, just to get it. 321 00:19:25.200 --> 00:19:28.160 I mean, the real goal was to get the public excited. 322 00:19:29.000 --> 00:19:31.319 You get some engineering data about what does it take 323 00:19:31.359 --> 00:19:33.799 to maintain a little habitat on Mars type of thing, 324 00:19:34.720 --> 00:19:36.400 but the main thing would be to get the public 325 00:19:36.519 --> 00:19:40.319 excited and you know, get people to be you know, 326 00:19:40.480 --> 00:19:41.880 the public to be in the paper of a bigg 327 00:19:41.920 --> 00:19:42.519 ass a budget. 328 00:19:43.079 --> 00:19:43.680 It's the goal. 329 00:19:44.119 --> 00:19:46.200 And well, again, God bless you, that's a worthy goal. 330 00:19:46.240 --> 00:19:49.240 I hope you don't saw so. 331 00:19:50.240 --> 00:19:52.839 Commercial crew. So you've been selected as one of the 332 00:19:52.839 --> 00:19:55.240 providers for the commercial crew. Can you tell us a 333 00:19:55.279 --> 00:19:58.799 little bit about where that's headed for you as a company, 334 00:19:58.839 --> 00:20:01.759 and perhaps maybe how affected your company, if it has, 335 00:20:01.880 --> 00:20:04.680 if it's changed the thing, and how you approach space. 336 00:20:07.839 --> 00:20:10.079 I think things seem to be going fairly well on 337 00:20:10.079 --> 00:20:11.160 the commercial crew front. 338 00:20:14.000 --> 00:20:16.000 I mean the I mean overall. 339 00:20:16.240 --> 00:20:19.240 I mean, I mean that there are small disagreements here 340 00:20:19.240 --> 00:20:21.559 and there, but overall, I like, I think we very 341 00:20:21.640 --> 00:20:27.240 much agree with the way it's being done. And yeah, 342 00:20:27.279 --> 00:20:29.240 I think it's it's it's pretty pretty good. I mean, 343 00:20:29.240 --> 00:20:33.000 there are a few things where the like it seems 344 00:20:33.039 --> 00:20:36.680 like the amount of of sort of massive volume reserved 345 00:20:36.799 --> 00:20:44.440 for poop is too high. Sorry, but that's you know, 346 00:20:44.440 --> 00:20:46.720 there's like little things like that. We're like, well, are 347 00:20:46.720 --> 00:20:51.680 they really going to do that much group, But it's 348 00:20:51.759 --> 00:20:53.799 it's quite it's quite a large volume, but really it is, 349 00:20:55.839 --> 00:20:59.680 so but I could really they're pretty small disagreements. So 350 00:20:59.680 --> 00:21:02.559 I think that it seems to be pretty pretty sensible. 351 00:21:03.680 --> 00:21:07.279 And then we did the orange board. 352 00:21:07.039 --> 00:21:10.880 Test earlier this year, which at the Cave, which actually 353 00:21:10.880 --> 00:21:16.559 went pretty well, and yeah, so things are going along 354 00:21:16.880 --> 00:21:22.200 getting pretty exciting. And yeah, I think there's also some 355 00:21:22.599 --> 00:21:27.720 potential use for Dragon too as a science delivery platform, 356 00:21:28.400 --> 00:21:32.480 you know, going to sort of delivering payloads to Mars 357 00:21:32.599 --> 00:21:33.400 or other places. 358 00:21:34.240 --> 00:21:35.880 We're in discussion with. 359 00:21:35.880 --> 00:21:38.519 Other parts of NASA about some of those ideas because 360 00:21:38.559 --> 00:21:42.400 the propulsive landing, you know, it could really lower the 361 00:21:42.400 --> 00:21:45.799 cost of getting science instruments to various places in the 362 00:21:45.839 --> 00:21:46.759 Solar System. 363 00:21:47.400 --> 00:21:48.279 So that's kind of exciting. 364 00:21:48.359 --> 00:21:50.160 So I'm gonna come back to that in just a second. 365 00:21:50.200 --> 00:21:55.240 But commercial the crew vehicle versus the dragging cargo vehicle, 366 00:21:55.960 --> 00:22:01.440 clearly there are some significant differences fairly innovative approach. I 367 00:22:01.440 --> 00:22:06.079 think to aboart testing where traditionally you've seen the just 368 00:22:06.200 --> 00:22:09.920 and rocket on top. It's a pullar versus the pusher 369 00:22:10.519 --> 00:22:13.519 technique where you utilize fuel that you otherwise would use 370 00:22:13.599 --> 00:22:15.200 for the right on orbit, but of course you're not 371 00:22:15.240 --> 00:22:18.400 going there, So very innovative approach. Are there other areas 372 00:22:18.400 --> 00:22:24.000 where you feel like you're from an innovation standpoint, you're 373 00:22:24.039 --> 00:22:26.880 making some significant strides with the crew vehicle? 374 00:22:28.799 --> 00:22:33.119 Yeah, I think the the the big items for well, 375 00:22:33.400 --> 00:22:37.519 the biggest item really for dragon Io is the ability 376 00:22:37.599 --> 00:22:42.920 to do a propulsive landing and it's basically having heavy 377 00:22:42.960 --> 00:22:47.440 thrusters on board. So those same heavy thrusters can then 378 00:22:47.519 --> 00:22:51.240 do the abort but retain the engines. So instead of 379 00:22:51.599 --> 00:22:54.720 in a normal sort of creud mission like take to 380 00:22:54.759 --> 00:22:59.200 take the Soyers for example, that have a tractor motor 381 00:22:59.640 --> 00:23:02.319 on the nose of the vehicle, that would have to 382 00:23:02.359 --> 00:23:04.599 be basically a rocketential on the nose that would have 383 00:23:04.640 --> 00:23:08.400 to be discarded on every flight, which is a potential 384 00:23:08.480 --> 00:23:11.960 reliability issue. And it and then you have obviously unable 385 00:23:12.039 --> 00:23:17.480 to reuse the the the the aborted system, and yeah, 386 00:23:17.519 --> 00:23:20.519 and it adds it adds a bunch of bunch of mass. 387 00:23:22.400 --> 00:23:25.160 But but then in addition, those same thrusters can be 388 00:23:25.279 --> 00:23:28.319 used for propulsive landing, so you can achieve a precise 389 00:23:28.400 --> 00:23:34.880 propulsive landing which on on land or water, which is 390 00:23:35.640 --> 00:23:37.079 I think a significant improvement. 391 00:23:39.279 --> 00:23:40.319 And I mean. 392 00:23:40.240 --> 00:23:42.240 It's sort of also it's sort of like really I 393 00:23:42.240 --> 00:23:44.960 think feels feels more like the future to to have 394 00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:48.079 that that capability. And then, as I mentioned it poor 395 00:23:48.440 --> 00:23:53.000 it can be extended to uh do paler delivery to 396 00:23:53.640 --> 00:23:57.079 the Moon or Mars or other places. Because of the 397 00:23:57.759 --> 00:24:02.759 generalized cape ability of propulsive landing to land land almost 398 00:24:02.799 --> 00:24:05.000 anywhere very good. 399 00:24:05.759 --> 00:24:08.160 So, uh, let's go back to dragon. At one point 400 00:24:08.279 --> 00:24:10.559 you had a conversation talked a little bit about something 401 00:24:10.640 --> 00:24:12.880