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<v Speaker 1>It's always important to explain the why of things, and

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<v Speaker 1>the way of Starship is that we want to be

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<v Speaker 1>a multiplanet species, to extend consciousness beyond Earth.

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<v Speaker 2>I think for two main reasons.

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<v Speaker 1>One is to ensure the long term survival and prosperity

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<v Speaker 1>of life as we know it in consciousness, which if

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<v Speaker 1>we are a multiplanet species and ultimately a multi stellar

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<v Speaker 1>species out there among the stars, the probability of survival

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<v Speaker 1>is much much longer. That's kind of the defensive aspect

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<v Speaker 1>or life insurance for life collectively. But then there's also

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<v Speaker 1>there also need to be things that are inspiring and

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<v Speaker 1>exciting and that give you reason to live. Life cannot

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<v Speaker 1>just be about solving one tragic problem after another. There

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<v Speaker 1>must be also reasons to get up in the morning

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<v Speaker 1>and be excited about the future. And a future where

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<v Speaker 1>we are a space for civilization is infinitely more exciting

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<v Speaker 1>than one where we are not.

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<v Speaker 2>And we're doing it all pretty unique location.

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<v Speaker 3>I mean, the pads behind us, we got rocket on

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<v Speaker 3>the tower, we got another tower right that we're sitting

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<v Speaker 3>inside star Factory, and I mean it wasn't like this

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<v Speaker 3>for very long.

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<v Speaker 2>This is all pretty brand now.

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<v Speaker 4>I think we've moved Starship here in about the early

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<v Speaker 4>part of twenty nineteen, so we've been coming that entire

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<v Speaker 4>time and seeing the site of all from a double

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<v Speaker 4>wide trailer and a tent where we built Starhopper to

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<v Speaker 4>the first suborbital test flights, and now we have behind

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<v Speaker 4>us two towers for the first time as we built

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<v Speaker 4>towards the first operational flight from the second tower at

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<v Speaker 4>the end of this year, and this beautiful building, million

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<v Speaker 4>square feet where we're able to work towards a production

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<v Speaker 4>line of starships.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, the SpaceX team, it's one an incredible job of

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<v Speaker 1>building out really the most advanced rocket manufacturing facility that

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<v Speaker 1>has ever existed. This is far beyond any rocket fabrication

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<v Speaker 1>facility that has ever been built.

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<v Speaker 2>This is essentially.

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<v Speaker 1>Alien level technology and it was well built here basically

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<v Speaker 1>down by the Rio Grande River and close to the beach.

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<v Speaker 1>It's an incredibly improbable location. And this used to be

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<v Speaker 1>a sand bar. I think we're about you know, three

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<v Speaker 1>feet or about a meter above sea level, so.

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<v Speaker 2>It really was nothing.

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<v Speaker 1>If you see the time lapse from a sand bar

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<v Speaker 1>to two launch towers and a gigantic rocket factory with

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<v Speaker 1>high bays and we're gonna be building something called the Gigabay,

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<v Speaker 1>which is like one of the largest enclosed volumes on Earth.

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<v Speaker 1>So it so it's sort of like a gigantic Bolg

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<v Speaker 1>cube that we're gonna be building here for yeah, building

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<v Speaker 1>and storing these gigantic rockets. It's really spectacular and anyone

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<v Speaker 1>can come and visit. So the because we're on a

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<v Speaker 1>public highway and we're literally by a public beach, you

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<v Speaker 1>can actually come and see the rocket. You can quite

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<v Speaker 1>close up. I mean you can drive past it, and

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<v Speaker 1>you can also look at the factory, and anyone could

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<v Speaker 1>do this from anywhere in the world.

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<v Speaker 2>So if just you can come and visit and check

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<v Speaker 2>it out.

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<v Speaker 3>I think it's pretty cool that it's just now, right now, just.

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<v Speaker 2>Right, just know what we're launching, because there's some safety issues.

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<v Speaker 2>But but but.

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<v Speaker 1>The rockets often just just sitting on the pad without

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<v Speaker 1>any palant in it.

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<v Speaker 2>And then you can just you can just come here

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<v Speaker 2>and visit. It's very easy.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I think it's a really special place. Yesterday the

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<v Speaker 4>ship went down the road behind us and I saw

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<v Speaker 4>families outside going for there, or was on Sunday going

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<v Speaker 4>for their Sunday stroll. And they were greeted by Starship

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<v Speaker 4>going down. And I think that from the very beginning.

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<v Speaker 4>The thing about Starship different than Falcon and other rockets

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<v Speaker 4>that I'm aware of is we designed it to be

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<v Speaker 4>mass produced and mass produced at scale. And it's not

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<v Speaker 4>about building one starship and getting to orbit once. It's

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<v Speaker 4>about doing it in a sustained and rapid way.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean for ultimately thousands of shifts to be built

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<v Speaker 1>per year, which is what's needed in order to construct

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<v Speaker 1>a city on Mars that is self sustaining. And the

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<v Speaker 1>major fork in the road of destiny will be when

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<v Speaker 1>the Mars city is capable of surviving even if the

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<v Speaker 1>re supply ships from Earth stopped coming for any reason,

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<v Speaker 1>and that reason could be something cataclysmic, or it could

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<v Speaker 1>be that that civilization simply subsided. There's always this debate

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<v Speaker 1>throughout history of will civilization and with a bang or whimper,

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<v Speaker 1>but either way, if the critical thing is to get

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<v Speaker 1>to the point where Mars is self sustaining and can

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<v Speaker 1>survive even if the resupply ships stuff coming for any reason,

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<v Speaker 1>which means that you need to build an entire base

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<v Speaker 1>of industry on Mars in order for Mars to survive.

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<v Speaker 1>For example, it's not simply enough to build a chip,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, like a computer, like a computer chip factory,

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<v Speaker 1>but you need the ability to build computer chip factories.

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<v Speaker 1>So this, this is going to really take a lot

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<v Speaker 1>of tonnage. My guess is at least a million tons

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<v Speaker 1>to the surface of Mars, and maybe it takes less

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<v Speaker 1>than that, but it's gonna be it's gonna be a lot.

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<v Speaker 1>But this is this is a very exciting future. It's

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<v Speaker 1>one which will ensure the long term survival and prosperity

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<v Speaker 1>of life and consciousness. And it's the critical stepping stone

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<v Speaker 1>to get from this solar system to other star systems

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<v Speaker 1>and perhaps go out there and explore and paths will

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<v Speaker 1>encounter alien civilizations that.

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<v Speaker 2>Maybe maybe they're alive now, but or maybe.

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<v Speaker 1>They enjoyed a period of prosperity for millions of years.

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<v Speaker 1>And it also died out millions of years ago. So

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<v Speaker 1>it's humbling to think of the age of the universe,

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<v Speaker 1>according to the standard model of physics, being approximately thirteen

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<v Speaker 1>point eight billion years old, So an incremental million years

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<v Speaker 1>would ownly would be three digits past decimal point. And

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<v Speaker 1>if you look at say our civilization and measure civilization

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<v Speaker 1>by the first evidence of writing, which is about fifty

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<v Speaker 1>five hundred years ago. Civilization as measured from the first

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<v Speaker 1>writing is only one millionth of boths.

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<v Speaker 2>Existence or blip, yeah, flashing the pan.

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<v Speaker 3>So far, well, we're getting some cool shots rocking down

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<v Speaker 3>on the pattern right now. We tell people like, come

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<v Speaker 3>down see it. It's hard to get like a sense of

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<v Speaker 3>scale of just how massive this thing is. And we

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<v Speaker 3>were able to catch somebody working on it a little

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<v Speaker 3>while ago, and like part of the reason you said

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<v Speaker 3>we're sending millions of tons, that's kind of why this now.

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<v Speaker 4>I think in this understand you can actually see the

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<v Speaker 4>person working at the bottom of the ship, and as

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<v Speaker 4>we zoom out you see the full ship that sort

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<v Speaker 4>of two tone silver and black, and then the booster

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<v Speaker 4>below it, right, and it really sets the scale which

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<v Speaker 4>doesn't come across I think other than in person. And

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<v Speaker 4>when I do tours, I like to say, starship is real,

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<v Speaker 4>Starship is big, and starship is really big, and I

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<v Speaker 4>think you can see there and with the factory shots

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<v Speaker 4>you saw earlier, again it's we've got flight ten on

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<v Speaker 4>the pad, but we got many more behind it.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, So there's I posted a video yesterday of just

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<v Speaker 1>a brief scan of part of the Starship factory and

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<v Speaker 1>you can get a sense of the scale of the factory.

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<v Speaker 2>And yeah, I guess we could talk a bit about.

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<v Speaker 1>Why Starship is the way it is, and like, for example, walk,

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<v Speaker 1>why is half of the ship black and half of

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<v Speaker 1>it is silver colored? And that's because the bottom half

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<v Speaker 1>of the ship, of the bottom as scene from obital entry,

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<v Speaker 1>has a heat shield on it. So the black there

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<v Speaker 1>is the is the heat shield. And then the core

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<v Speaker 1>structure of the rocket is a special alloy of stainless steel,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's where you see the sort of shiny silver

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<v Speaker 1>parts are stainless steel. The reason for steel over aluminum

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<v Speaker 1>is that the heat of of atmospheric entry and the

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<v Speaker 1>heat of the rocket engines is enough to melt easily

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<v Speaker 1>melt aluminum. But steel is much more resilient against both

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<v Speaker 1>scent heating but especially the re entry heating.

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<v Speaker 2>And you don't have to paint.

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<v Speaker 1>It, which is actually very difficult at to paint a

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<v Speaker 1>large object that is going through crygenic cycles and have

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<v Speaker 1>the paint stay on.

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<v Speaker 3>It's quite challenging, and so we've talked about it.

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<v Speaker 2>It's massive.

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<v Speaker 3>It obviously takes a whole lot of energy to make

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<v Speaker 3>that thing move. And that's where Raptor really starts to

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<v Speaker 3>come in. Most advanced engine on the planet. Yes, now

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<v Speaker 3>that's the last saber and a half.

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<v Speaker 1>You would get vaporized in an instant if you were

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<v Speaker 1>standing in front of Rafter So yeah, bunto Crispin in

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<v Speaker 1>a like less than a second.

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<v Speaker 2>So yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>In order for in order to create a fully reusable

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<v Speaker 1>orbital rocket, you have to advance the state of the

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<v Speaker 1>art in every part of the rocket. That means the

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<v Speaker 1>engines have to be better than any engine ever. The

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<v Speaker 1>structure has got to be better than any structure ever.

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<v Speaker 2>You've got to you've got to have a.

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<v Speaker 1>Means of bringing the rocket back to the launch pad.

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<v Speaker 1>You've got to have a fully reusable orbital heat shield,

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<v Speaker 1>and that no one has ever made.

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<v Speaker 2>A fully reusable orbital heat shield.

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<v Speaker 1>The Space Shuttle, for example, required nine months of refurbishment

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<v Speaker 1>between flights. So the Space Shuttle heathield come back essentially

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<v Speaker 1>partially broken and would require many months of refurbishment in

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<v Speaker 1>order to fly again. What we're trying to achieve here

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<v Speaker 1>with Starship is to have a heat shield that can

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<v Speaker 1>be flown immediately, so the ship, both both the ship

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<v Speaker 1>and the booster would be caught by the tower arms,

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<v Speaker 1>and the the booster will be placed immediately back on

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<v Speaker 1>the launch stand and the ship the ship's got it

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<v Speaker 1>orbit Earth at least once, and that then could be

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<v Speaker 1>back potentially in one orbit, but in most cases several orbits,

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<v Speaker 1>so the ship would come back several hours later, but

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<v Speaker 1>then be caught by the arms and placed on top

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<v Speaker 1>of the booster. You could also have multiple ships ready

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<v Speaker 1>so that a single booster could service five or more ships,

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<v Speaker 1>so that you could be flying the booster every in theory,

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<v Speaker 1>every hour. This is a kind of a profoundly fast speed,

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<v Speaker 1>obviously for the largest playing object by far ever made.

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<v Speaker 1>But it's the reason why we catch the tower. We

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<v Speaker 1>catch the booster with the tower arms, and the ship

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<v Speaker 1>also will be caught with the tower arms, because that's

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<v Speaker 1>the fastest way to get the booster and the ship

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<v Speaker 1>back to flight. If we had instead put landing legs,

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<v Speaker 1>which we have done before for the ship tests, we

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<v Speaker 1>actually had landing legs that flipped down and the ship

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<v Speaker 1>ship we've we've successfully demonstrated landing with legs. But if

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<v Speaker 1>you do that if we were to do that with

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<v Speaker 1>the booster and the ship here, we'd have to uh

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<v Speaker 1>land somewhere else with the legs, then lift the rocket,

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<v Speaker 1>stow the legs, transport the rocket back to the pad

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<v Speaker 1>with which is very unwieldy when you've got a gigantic thing.

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<v Speaker 1>Then it would be picked up by these tower arms

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<v Speaker 1>and placed in the launch mount. That would that would

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<v Speaker 1>delay the reusability dramatically and would add a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>masks with the landing legs. So that's why we catch

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<v Speaker 1>the rocket with the tower arms, because it's the same

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<v Speaker 1>tower arms that put the rocket in the launch mount

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<v Speaker 1>are used to catch the rocket, and that means that

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<v Speaker 1>we can put the booster back in the launch amount

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<v Speaker 1>in less than an hour after liftoff. In fact, the

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<v Speaker 1>boist is going to come back very fast, like five

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<v Speaker 1>or six minutes later. This boost is coming back one

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<v Speaker 1>way or another or not coming back. So then you

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<v Speaker 1>really have propellent full time, which can be brought down

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<v Speaker 1>to about thirty forty minutes, and that means it is

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<v Speaker 1>theoretically possible to fly at the booster again in less

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<v Speaker 1>than an hour.

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<v Speaker 4>I think when when I think about it, it's the

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<v Speaker 4>jet drives up to the jetway, the people get off,

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<v Speaker 4>the new people get on, and it leaves. You don't

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<v Speaker 4>want to land the jet on a different airfield and

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<v Speaker 4>then tow it over to the jetway, so it's just

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<v Speaker 4>operationally simpler and faster.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, we've had a lot of success with the Booster,

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<v Speaker 3>three for three on the catch attempts when we bring

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<v Speaker 3>it back. We've reflown one so awesome, and then that

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<v Speaker 3>again Starship Superpowers.

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<v Speaker 2>The whole thing is reusable.

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<v Speaker 3>So ship re usability is like what we're working on

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<v Speaker 3>right now. We've been able to get some really spectacular

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<v Speaker 3>re entries on a couple of flights, hoping to get

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<v Speaker 3>this one re entry on the V two ship. But yeah,

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<v Speaker 3>that that fully reasonable heat shield, that thing that has

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<v Speaker 3>just never been done before. That's that's one of the

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<v Speaker 3>things we're really looking for that data on.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, there are thousands of engineering challenges that remain

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<v Speaker 1>for both the ship and the Booster, but the single, uh,

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<v Speaker 1>maybe the single biggest one is the reasonable optal heat shield.

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<v Speaker 1>Were all confident in making a fully reasonable opal heat shield,

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<v Speaker 1>but it will require many flights, many iterations to figure

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<v Speaker 1>out where the weak points are in the heat shield

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<v Speaker 1>where we need to change the design, either strengthening the

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<v Speaker 1>tile or change or changing the the thing, how big

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<v Speaker 1>the gap is between tiles, changing what's underneath the tile. Uh,

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<v Speaker 1>there's there's a there's a you know, one hundred different

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<v Speaker 1>variables that we could tweak with the with the ship,

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<v Speaker 1>the ship tiles, the heat of heat shield tiles. But

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<v Speaker 1>the only way to know is exactly what we should

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<v Speaker 1>be adjusting is to fly repeatedly and be able to

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<v Speaker 1>examine the ship upon landing. And we have successfully brought

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<v Speaker 1>the ship back through the atmosphere and achieved a soft

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<v Speaker 1>landing multiple times, so we know that this is possible.

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<v Speaker 1>But we have in the process shed many heat shield tiles.

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<v Speaker 1>So we need to be able to do this without

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<v Speaker 1>shedding heat shield tiles and.

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<v Speaker 2>Do so repeatedly.

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<v Speaker 4>And I think what you're seeing now is the starship.

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<v Speaker 4>This is cg of it coming in and landing on

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<v Speaker 4>the tower, much like the Booster, but there's some additional

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<v Speaker 4>challenges there where we need to make sure we don't

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<v Speaker 4>scrape the tiles off as we slide along the which we.

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<v Speaker 2>Can't shuck the heat shield, don't crush the ship. Ability

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<v Speaker 2>we shocked if we.

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<v Speaker 1>Shock the shuck the tiles, then that's obviously going to

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<v Speaker 1>fail to re useability test.

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<v Speaker 4>So ships can use the tower to land and catch

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<v Speaker 4>like the booster here on Earth where towers are available,

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<v Speaker 4>and for our initial landings on Mars and other plant

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<v Speaker 4>and it's only landing legs that deploy, much like what

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<v Speaker 4>you're seeing here with Ship fifteen. When we did our

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<v Speaker 4>suborbital test to prove out the precision descent landing, which

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<v Speaker 4>was a successful test. We actually landed to one was

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<v Speaker 4>it We were able to actually recover it, and it's

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<v Speaker 4>you can see it here in the rocket garden if

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<v Speaker 4>you visit Starbase.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, so the rocket garden that that Bill mentioned, we

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<v Speaker 1>have actually a whole bunch of boosters and ships and

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<v Speaker 1>we'll be adding to them of a time, so you

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<v Speaker 1>can see an evolution of Starship just by driving down

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<v Speaker 1>the highway.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, So reusability is key.

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<v Speaker 3>There's some other technologies we're still looking to prove out.

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<v Speaker 3>Really big one is going to be the on orbit refilling.

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<v Speaker 3>Looking to do that next year, and that's really what's

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<v Speaker 3>going to kind of unlock you know, Starship going everywhere else,

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<v Speaker 3>going everywhere everywhere beyond Earth and that's something that's again

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<v Speaker 3>never been done before, kind of like that reusable orbital

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<v Speaker 3>heat shield. But it's going to be something that that's

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<v Speaker 3>kind of some of the other secret sauces Starship. Where

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<v Speaker 3>were going to be able to send hundreds of tons

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<v Speaker 3>per ship to Mars.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 4>I like to think of it as if we get

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<v Speaker 4>to orbit with a full cargo bay, but we're empty

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<v Speaker 4>on fuel and oxygen, so basically we're running on fumes.

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<v Speaker 4>Then we send other ships to dock transfer propellant, and

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<v Speaker 4>now we made our two stage rocket look like many

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<v Speaker 4>many multi stage rocket, and we get all that performance

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<v Speaker 4>and we can take that full cargo bay now wherever

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<v Speaker 4>we want to go.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>So a crucial technology that we hope to demonstrate extra

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<v Speaker 1>is this orbital refilling.

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<v Speaker 2>Much like aerial refueling.

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<v Speaker 1>It's essential for being able to send significant payload to Mars.

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<v Speaker 1>So you essentially send you send a ship to orbit

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<v Speaker 1>with a few hundred tons of payload. It's sort of

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<v Speaker 1>a fulled payload bay, but the once it gets to orbit,

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<v Speaker 1>the tanks we mostly empty, and then you send up

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<v Speaker 1>additional tanker ships to refill the mass ships tanks so

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<v Speaker 1>that when it can thrust from Earth orbit to Mars

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<v Speaker 1>and have enough propellant left for landing, So this is

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<v Speaker 1>orbital refilling. Is also not something that's ever been demonstrated before,

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<v Speaker 1>so that would be a brand new technology. We have

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<v Speaker 1>we abously have at SpaceX figured out how to dock

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<v Speaker 1>repeatedly with the space station. So in a lot of ways,

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<v Speaker 1>this is like docking, and in some ways it's easier

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<v Speaker 1>in that we're the ship where SpaceX is docking with

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<v Speaker 1>its with its own craft. But no one has ever

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<v Speaker 1>demonstrated propellant transfer in orbit to the best amount knowledge,

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<v Speaker 1>and and so this would be propellent transfer at a

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<v Speaker 1>very large scale, and but with full reusability and propellant transfer.

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<v Speaker 1>We those are the key technologies needed for building a

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<v Speaker 1>city on Mars. And I'm confident that the SpaceX team,

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<v Speaker 1>which is incredibly talented, will achieve this these goals, and

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<v Speaker 1>we will be landing ships on Mars in the future

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<v Speaker 1>and building life on Mars, building greenhouses and life on Mars,

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<v Speaker 1>and ensuring the long terms fival of life as we

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<v Speaker 1>know it. It's important note here that obviously you know

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<v Speaker 1>we are effectively stewards of life here on Earth, that

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<v Speaker 1>the other creatures cannot build space spacecraft and get to

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<v Speaker 1>get to other planets. So if there were to be

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<v Speaker 1>a cataclysmic event like a giant media or that destroyed

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<v Speaker 1>the dinosaurs, or ultimately the Sun will expand to envelop

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<v Speaker 1>Earth and destroy all life. We know this is this

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<v Speaker 1>is an undisputed fact, then if we don't take life

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<v Speaker 1>to another planet, well, life will be destroyed. So it's

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<v Speaker 1>incumbent upon us to ensure that we do bring life

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<v Speaker 1>to other planets and ensure long term survival of life as.

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<v Speaker 2>We know it on planet Earth.

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<v Speaker 3>And I mean, aside from that, there's so much that

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<v Speaker 3>Starship on locks. By being able to do these things

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<v Speaker 3>like we'll be able to go to Mars, but there

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<v Speaker 3>are other just transformational things by being able to take

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<v Speaker 3>that many people, that much stuff to space for that

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<v Speaker 3>much less money.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I mean, I think it's like understanding our planet better,

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<v Speaker 4>being able to move people around the planet, make the

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<v Speaker 4>make it feel smaller and more accessible. You could go

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<v Speaker 4>anywhere on the Earth, you know, in less than forty

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<v Speaker 4>minutes basically in terms of flight time. So I really

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<v Speaker 4>do see Starship as being this thing that can connect us,

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<v Speaker 4>just like Starlink connects our information this can connect us

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<v Speaker 4>more physically.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, so there's there's really nothing faster than our rocket. Really,

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<v Speaker 1>in overal rocket is the fastest thing that we know of.

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<v Speaker 1>That that of the fastest means of transport. So like

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<v Speaker 1>you could go from LA to Sydney in less than

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<v Speaker 1>half an hour, you could go LA to Tokyo less

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<v Speaker 1>than half Now you go from New York to Singapore

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<v Speaker 1>in half an hour. Everything's probably half an hour basically.

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<v Speaker 1>Some things might be ten minutes.

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<v Speaker 3>Yes, sure, I mean yeah, sign me up for that,

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<v Speaker 3>please a right quest?

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<v Speaker 2>Atlantic in ten minutes? No wrong? Please, yes, sign up.

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<v Speaker 2>You're going twenty.

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<v Speaker 1>Five times a speed of sounds, so that's thirty times

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<v Speaker 1>faster than of commercial aircraft.

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<v Speaker 2>And it's a whole hell of a lot better view. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>it's a hell of a view. Yeah,