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<v Speaker 1>Section twelve of the Grochy Marius and Sullaby A. H. Beesley.

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<v Speaker 1>This librovox recording is in the public domain. Read by

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<v Speaker 1>Pamela and Nagami, Chapter ten Marius and Sinna. Meanwhile, what

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<v Speaker 1>had become of Marius already a halo of legend was

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<v Speaker 1>gathering round his name, and all Italy was ringing with

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<v Speaker 1>his adventures when he had fled from Rome. Not sorry,

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<v Speaker 1>now we may be sure that he had gone through

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<v Speaker 1>his late exhibitions in the campus marshes. He had sent

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<v Speaker 1>his son to some of his father in law's farms

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<v Speaker 1>to get necessary provisions. Young Marius was overtaken by daylight

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<v Speaker 1>before he could get to his father in law's farm

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<v Speaker 1>and pack the things up, and was nearly caught by

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<v Speaker 1>those on his track. But the farm bailiff saw him

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<v Speaker 1>in time, and, hiding him in a cartful of beans,

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<v Speaker 1>yoked the team and drove him to Rome. There, young

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<v Speaker 1>Marius went to his wife's house, and, getting what he wanted,

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<v Speaker 1>set out at nightfall for Ostia and finding a ship

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<v Speaker 1>starting for Africa. When aboard, his father had not waited

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<v Speaker 1>for his return. He too, had embarked at Ostia for

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<v Speaker 1>Africa with his son in law. But now in his

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<v Speaker 1>old age, the sea was not so kind to him

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<v Speaker 1>as when in his bold and confident youth he had

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<v Speaker 1>sailed to Sue for his first consulship from the very

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<v Speaker 1>land to which he was now flying. A storm came

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<v Speaker 1>on and the ship was blown southwards along the coast.

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<v Speaker 1>Marius begged the captain to keep clear of Tarracina, because Gminius,

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<v Speaker 1>a leading man there, was his bitter foe. But the

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<v Speaker 1>storm increased, Marius was sea sick, and they were forced

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<v Speaker 1>to go to shore at kir k e E Monte Ciurchello.

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<v Speaker 1>Some herdsmen told him that horsemen had just been there

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<v Speaker 1>in pursuit. So they spent the night in a thick wood,

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<v Speaker 1>hungry and tortured by anxiety. Next day they went to

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<v Speaker 1>the coast again, and Marius implored the men to stand

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<v Speaker 1>by him, telling them that when he was a child,

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<v Speaker 1>an eagle's nest fell into his lap with seven young

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<v Speaker 1>ones in it, and the soothsayers had said that it

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<v Speaker 1>meant that he should attain to the highest honors seven times.

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<v Speaker 1>About two miles and a half from MINTURNAEI, they spied

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<v Speaker 1>some horsemen making toward them, and plunging into the sea,

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<v Speaker 1>they swam towards some merchantmen near the shore. Two slaves

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<v Speaker 1>swam with Marius keeping him up, and he got into

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<v Speaker 1>one ship, and his son in law into the other.

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<v Speaker 1>While the horsemen shouted to the crew to put ashore

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<v Speaker 1>or throw Marius overboard. The captains consulted together in a

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<v Speaker 1>terrible moment it must have been for the fugitives, but

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<v Speaker 1>the spell of the Kimbric victories was potent still, and

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<v Speaker 1>the captains replied that they would not give up Marius.

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<v Speaker 1>So the soldiers rode off in a rage. But the sailors,

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<v Speaker 1>having so far acted generously, were anxious to get rid

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<v Speaker 1>of their dangerous guests, and, landing at the mouth of

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<v Speaker 1>the Lerius, on pretense of waiting for a fair wind,

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<v Speaker 1>told Marius to go ashore and get some rest, and

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<v Speaker 1>while he was lying down, sailed away. Half stupefied. He

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<v Speaker 1>scrambled through bogs and dikes and mud till he came

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<v Speaker 1>to an old man's cottage and begged the owner to

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<v Speaker 1>shelter a man who, if he escaped, would reward him

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<v Speaker 1>Beyond his hopes. The man told him that he would

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<v Speaker 1>hide him in a safer place than his cottage, and

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<v Speaker 1>showing him a hole by the riverside, covered him up

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<v Speaker 1>in it with some rushes, but he was soon rudely disturbed.

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<v Speaker 1>Gaminius was on his trail, and Marius heard some of

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<v Speaker 1>his emissaries loudly threatening the old man for hiding an outlaw.

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<v Speaker 1>In his terror, Marius stripped and plunged into the river,

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<v Speaker 1>and so betrayed himself to the pursuers, who hauled him out,

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<v Speaker 1>naked and covered with mud, and gave him up to

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<v Speaker 1>the magistrates of Minternei. By these he was placed under

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<v Speaker 1>a strong guard in the house of a woman named Fania. She,

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<v Speaker 1>like Gminius, had a personal grudge against him, for in

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<v Speaker 1>his sixth consulship he had find her for Drachmas for

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<v Speaker 1>ill conduct. But now when she saw his misery, she

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<v Speaker 1>forgot her resentment and did her best to cheer him.

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<v Speaker 1>Nor was this difficult, for the stout heart of Marius

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<v Speaker 1>had never failed him. He told Fania that as he

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<v Speaker 1>was coming to her house, an ass had come out

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<v Speaker 1>to drink it a neighboring fountain, and, fixing its eyes

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<v Speaker 1>steadily on him, had brayed aloud and frisked vivaciously. Whence

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<v Speaker 1>he augured that he would find safety by sea. The magistrates, however,

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<v Speaker 1>had resolved to kill him and sent a Cimbrian to

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<v Speaker 1>do the deed, for no citizen would do it. The

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<v Speaker 1>man went armed with a sword into the gloomy room

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<v Speaker 1>where Marius lay, but soon he ran out, crying, I

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<v Speaker 1>cannot slay Marius. He had seen eyes glaring in the darkness,

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<v Speaker 1>and had heard a terrible voice say, darest thou slay

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<v Speaker 1>Caius Marius. His heart had failed him. He had thrown

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<v Speaker 1>down the sword and fled. Either the magistrates now changed

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<v Speaker 1>their minds, or the people forced them to let Marius go,

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<v Speaker 1>or perhaps Fania contrived his escape. Plutarch says that the

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<v Speaker 1>people escorted him to the coast, and when they came

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<v Speaker 1>to a sacred grove called the Mauritian Grove, which no

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<v Speaker 1>man might enter, but which it would take a long

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<v Speaker 1>time to go round, an old man had led the

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<v Speaker 1>way into it, saying that no place was so sacred,

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<v Speaker 1>but that it might be entered to save Marius. In

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<v Speaker 1>some way. He reached the coast, where a friend had

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<v Speaker 1>secured a vessel, and, being driven by the wind to

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<v Speaker 1>ainaria Ischia. He there found his son in law and

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<v Speaker 1>sailed for Africa. Want of water forced them to put

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<v Speaker 1>in at Eriks on the northwest of Sicily, but the

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<v Speaker 1>Roman christor there was on the lookout, and killing sixteen

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<v Speaker 1>of the crew, nearly took Marius. Landing at Meninx Jerbah,

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<v Speaker 1>the fugitive heard that his son was in Africa too,

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<v Speaker 1>and had gone to Haempsal, king of Numidia, to ask

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<v Speaker 1>for aid, upon which he set sail again and landed

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<v Speaker 1>at Carthage. The Roman governor there sent to warn him

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<v Speaker 1>off from Africa. Marius was dumb with indignation, but on

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<v Speaker 1>being asked what answer he had to send, replied, so

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<v Speaker 1>ran the story go and say you have seen Gaius

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<v Speaker 1>Marius sitting on the ruins of Carthage. He am Sau meanwhile,

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<v Speaker 1>had been keeping young Marius in the sort of honorable captivity, but,

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<v Speaker 1>according to his story, similar to that told of Thomas

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<v Speaker 1>A Beckett's father, a damsel of the country had fallen

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<v Speaker 1>in love with his handsome face and helped him to escape.

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<v Speaker 1>Father and son now retired to Kirkina Kerkenna, where news

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<v Speaker 1>soon reached him which brought him back to Italy. Hardly

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<v Speaker 1>had Sulla left Brundusium when the truce which he had

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<v Speaker 1>patched up was broken. Sinna, being bribed, as was said,

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<v Speaker 1>probably without foundation, with three hundred talents, had demanded that

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<v Speaker 1>the Italians lately enfranchised should be enrolled in the old tribes.

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<v Speaker 1>We do not know very much about Sinna, but we

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<v Speaker 1>do seem to gather that he was bold, resolute, not

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<v Speaker 1>ungenerous or bloodthirsty, and it cannot be too strongly insisted

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<v Speaker 1>on that, like Saturninus and Sulpicius and Drusus, he was

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<v Speaker 1>only demanding justice. Octavius opposed him, and, hearing that Sinna's

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<v Speaker 1>partisans were threatening the tribunes in the Forum, he charged

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<v Speaker 1>down the Via Sacra with a band of followers and

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<v Speaker 1>dispersed them, and a great number of Sinna's followers were slain.

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<v Speaker 1>On this Sinna left Rome, and, joined by Sertorius, whom

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<v Speaker 1>we shall hear of again, went round the towns mustering

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<v Speaker 1>his friends. The Senate declared his consulship to be void

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<v Speaker 1>and elected Lucius Cornelius Marilla in his place. Sinna, with

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<v Speaker 1>characteristic audacity, instantly hastened to the army in Campania, and

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<v Speaker 1>rending his clothes and throwing himself on the ground so

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<v Speaker 1>worked on the pity of the soldiers that they lifted

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<v Speaker 1>him up and told him he was consul still and

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<v Speaker 1>might lead them where he pleased. Then, visiting the Italian towns,

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<v Speaker 1>he obtained many recruits, and, hearing that Marius had landed

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<v Speaker 1>in Etruria, perhaps on his invitation, he agreed to act

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<v Speaker 1>in concert with him in spite of the opposition of Sertorius. Meanwhile,

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<v Speaker 1>Octavius and Merolla had fortified the city, had sent for

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<v Speaker 1>troops from sis Alpine Gaul, and had summoned the proconsul

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<v Speaker 1>Pompeius from Piquenum. Pompeius came and halted at the Colline gate.

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<v Speaker 1>It was suspected that he was waiting to join the

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<v Speaker 1>successful side. With him was his son, afterwards called the Great,

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<v Speaker 1>who now showed of what stuff he was made by

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<v Speaker 1>putting down a mutiny against his father and baffling a

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<v Speaker 1>plot for his own assassination. Marius, with a band of

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<v Speaker 1>moors and the slaves whom he had collected from the

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<v Speaker 1>Etrurian field gangs, was admitted by treachery into Ostia and

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<v Speaker 1>sacked the town. Sinna marched to the right bank of

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<v Speaker 1>the Tiber, opposite the Juniculum. Sirtorius held the river above

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<v Speaker 1>the city, and a corps was sent to Ariminum to

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<v Speaker 1>prevent any help coming from North Italy. At this crisis,

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<v Speaker 1>the tenant sent Metellus and tried to obtain the aid

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<v Speaker 1>of the Samnites, who, as we have seen, joined Marius

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<v Speaker 1>and Sinna. The treachery of a tribune in command of

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<v Speaker 1>the Juniculum gave the Marians admission to the city, but

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<v Speaker 1>they were driven out again, and might even have been

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<v Speaker 1>dislodged from the Juniculum, had not Pompeius persuaded Octavius to

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<v Speaker 1>check the pursuit. Pompeius was playing a waiting game, ready

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<v Speaker 1>to join the strongest or crush both parties as he

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<v Speaker 1>saw his chance, and now within the city starvation set

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<v Speaker 1>in and a pestilence spread. Marius had blocked up the

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<v Speaker 1>Tiber and occupied the outlying towns on which the communications

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<v Speaker 1>of the capital depended. Nor could the Senate trust its

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<v Speaker 1>own troops. Pompeius was killed by a thunderbolt not less

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<v Speaker 1>suspicious than that which slew Romulus, and his body had

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<v Speaker 1>been torn from the bier and dragged through the streets

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<v Speaker 1>by the people. The soldiers of Octavius, cheered Sinna when

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<v Speaker 1>he marshaled his troops opposite them near the Alban Mount. Moreover,

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<v Speaker 1>the leaders themselves were at variance. Octavius, seeing the humor

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<v Speaker 1>of his men, was afraid to fight, but would concede nothing.

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<v Speaker 1>Metellus wished for a compromise. Both armies were now outside

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<v Speaker 1>the city, the pestilence probably having driven the Marians to withdraw,

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<v Speaker 1>but Marius had command of the Via Appia, the Tiber

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<v Speaker 1>and most of the neighborhood, and the famine became soreer

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<v Speaker 1>in Rome. The soldiers wished Metellus to take the command

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<v Speaker 1>from Octavius, and on his refusal, deserted in crowds to

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<v Speaker 1>the enemy. So also did the slaves, to whom Octavius

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<v Speaker 1>would not promise freedom, as Sinna gladly did. At last,

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<v Speaker 1>the Senate sent to make terms with Sinna, but while

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<v Speaker 1>they were stickling about acknowledging his title of consul, he

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<v Speaker 1>advanced to the gates. Then they surrendered at discretion, only

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<v Speaker 1>begging him to swear to shed no blood. Sinna, refusing

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<v Speaker 1>to be bound by this condition, promised that he would

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<v Speaker 1>not voluntarily do so, for he saw by his side

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<v Speaker 1>the grim figure of the man to whom he had

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<v Speaker 1>given proconsular powers, who had already taunted him with weakness

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<v Speaker 1>for conferring with the Senate at all, and in whose sullen,

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<v Speaker 1>unshorn face he read a craving for vengeance which nothing

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<v Speaker 1>but blood would satisfy. When Sinna entered the city, Marius,

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<v Speaker 1>with savage irony, said that an outlaw had no business

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<v Speaker 1>within the walls, and he would not come in till

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<v Speaker 1>the sentence had been formerly rescinded by a meeting of

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<v Speaker 1>the people in the forum. But the gates, when once

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<v Speaker 1>he had passed them, were closed, and for five days

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<v Speaker 1>and five nights Rome became a shambles. Appian says that

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<v Speaker 1>Marius and Sinna had both sworn to spare the life

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<v Speaker 1>of Octavius, but Marius was never a liar, and the

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<v Speaker 1>story is false on the face of it. For just

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<v Speaker 1>before this, Appian relates how when Sinna had promised to

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<v Speaker 1>be merciful, Marius would make no sign. Octavius is said

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<v Speaker 1>to have seated himself in his official chair, dressed in

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<v Speaker 1>his official robes, on the guiniculum, and to have awaited

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<v Speaker 1>the assassins there. His head was fastened up in front

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<v Speaker 1>of the rostra in emulation of the ghastly precedent set

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<v Speaker 1>by Sullah. He was an obstinate, dull man, and if

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<v Speaker 1>this burlesque of the conduct of the senators when the

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<v Speaker 1>Gauls took Rome was really enacted, the theatrical display must

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<v Speaker 1>have been cold comfort for those of his party on

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<v Speaker 1>whom his incapacity brought ruin. Among the latter were the

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<v Speaker 1>brother Caesar Gaius, who had sought to be consol before

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<v Speaker 1>he was brighter and had been denounced for it by

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<v Speaker 1>Sulpicious and Lucius, the conqueror at a care and author

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<v Speaker 1>of the Julian Law. Publius Crassus, consul in ninety seven

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<v Speaker 1>and one of Caesar's lieutenants in the social war, fled

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<v Speaker 1>with his son, and when overtaken, first stabbed his son

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<v Speaker 1>and then himself. Marcus Antonius, the great forensic orator, was

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<v Speaker 1>so odious to Marius that the latter, on hearing that

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<v Speaker 1>he was taken, wished, so the story runs, to go

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<v Speaker 1>kill him with his own hand. Antonius was in hiding

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<v Speaker 1>and was betrayed by the indiscretion of a slave who,

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<v Speaker 1>being questioned by the wine cellar why he was buying

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<v Speaker 1>more or better wine than usual, whispered to him that

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<v Speaker 1>it was for Marcus Antonius, on the soldier's coming to

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<v Speaker 1>kill him. He pleaded so eloquently for his life that

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<v Speaker 1>they wept and would not touch him. But their officer,

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<v Speaker 1>who was waiting below, impatiently came up and cut off

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<v Speaker 1>his head with his own hand. Lucius Merola opened his

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<v Speaker 1>veins and so bled to death. His crime was that

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<v Speaker 1>he had been made console when Sinna was deposed. His

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<v Speaker 1>last act seems odd to us, but pathetically bespoke the

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<v Speaker 1>man's piety and recalls the last scene in the life

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<v Speaker 1>of Demosthenes. He wrote on a tablet that he had

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<v Speaker 1>taken off his official cap when opening his veins, so

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<v Speaker 1>as to avoid the sacrilege of a flomen of Jupiter

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<v Speaker 1>dying with it on his head. Marius had behaved generously

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<v Speaker 1>once to Quintus Lutatious Catullus, his old colleague against the Kimbri,

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<v Speaker 1>but Catullus had helped to drive him into exile, and

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<v Speaker 1>there was to be no second mistake of that sort.

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<v Speaker 1>He must die, he said, when the relatives of Catullus

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<v Speaker 1>pleaded for his life. It is not unlikely that disease

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<v Speaker 1>and drinking, and his late hardships had made the old

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<v Speaker 1>man insane. He had been occasionally good natured in former days.

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<v Speaker 1>Now he sees to gloat in carnage for every sneer

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<v Speaker 1>casted him, for every wrong done to him in past years.

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<v Speaker 1>He took a horrible revenge. When Sinna had summoned him,

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<v Speaker 1>he had said that he would settle the question of

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<v Speaker 1>enrollment in the tribes once for all. He wished not

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<v Speaker 1>to select victims, but to massacre all the leading Optimists.

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<v Speaker 1>Sertorius begged Sinna to check the slaughter. Sinna did try

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<v Speaker 1>to curb the outrages of the slave fans, but he

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<v Speaker 1>dared not break with Marius, whom he named his joint

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<v Speaker 1>council with himself for the year eighty six. But as

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<v Speaker 1>soon as his colleague was dead, he and Sertorius surrounded

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<v Speaker 1>the Ruffians and killed them to a man. Marius did

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<v Speaker 1>not live much longer. He had had his revenge. He

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<v Speaker 1>had gained his seventh consulship. It is said that telling

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<v Speaker 1>his friends that after such vicissitudes, it would be wrong

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<v Speaker 1>to tempt fate further, he took to his bed, and

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<v Speaker 1>after seven days died. He drank hard, was seized with pleurisy,

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<v Speaker 1>and in his last hours became delirious. He fancied that

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<v Speaker 1>he was in Asia, and by shouts and gestures, cheered

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<v Speaker 1>on the army of his dreams, and with such a

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<v Speaker 1>stern and iron clashing clothes. Died January thirteenth or seventeenth.

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<v Speaker 1>He was more than seventy years old, and had enjoyed

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<v Speaker 1>his seventh consulship for either thirteen or seventeen days. Lucius

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<v Speaker 1>Valerius Floccus succeeded Marius as consul and passed a law

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<v Speaker 1>making one fourth of a debt legal tender for payment

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<v Speaker 1>of it, and probably in the same year, the denarius

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<v Speaker 1>was restored to its standard value. A census was also held,

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<v Speaker 1>which would include the new Italian citizens and Philippus, whose

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<v Speaker 1>opposition to Drusus on this very question had helped to

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<v Speaker 1>kindle the social war with Cansoor Sinna. As he was

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<v Speaker 1>pledged to do so, must have carried some measure for

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<v Speaker 1>enrolling the Italians in the old tribes, but we can

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<v Speaker 1>only conjecture what was actually done. Sulpicius had already carried

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<v Speaker 1>such a measure, but it had been probably revoked by

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<v Speaker 1>Sulla before he left Italy in eighty four just before

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<v Speaker 1>his return, the Senate, it is said, gave the Italians

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<v Speaker 1>the right of voting and distributed the libertini or freed

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<v Speaker 1>slaves among the thirty five tribes. Perhaps this was a

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<v Speaker 1>formal ratification of what had been passed before under Cinna's coercion.

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<v Speaker 1>Sinna was now all powerful at Rome. For four successive

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<v Speaker 1>years eighty seven to eighty four BC he was consul,

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<v Speaker 1>and with the exception of Asia, Macedonia, Greece and Africa,

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<v Speaker 1>where Mattellus had escaped and was in arms, the whole

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<v Speaker 1>Roman world was at his feet. But he did not

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<v Speaker 1>know how to use his power. He may have removed

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<v Speaker 1>the restrictions on grain and did proclaim Sullah and Mattellus outlaws,

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<v Speaker 1>But though he should have bent every energy to hinder

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<v Speaker 1>Sullah's return, he did worse than nothing, and instead of

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<v Speaker 1>Sertorius sent the incapable Flaccus and the ruffian Fimbria against

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<v Speaker 1>the general who had just taken Athens and defeated Archelaus.

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<v Speaker 1>The miscarriage of their enterprise will be told in the

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<v Speaker 1>next chapter. When Sinna suddenly became alive to the fact

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<v Speaker 1>that the avenger was at hand, and that either he

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<v Speaker 1>must act promptly or Sullah would be in Rome. He

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<v Speaker 1>hastened to Ancona, where he sent one division of the

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<v Speaker 1>army across to the opposite coast, But the second division

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<v Speaker 1>was driven back by a storm, and the soldiers then dispersed,

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<v Speaker 1>saying that they would not fight against their own countrymen.

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<v Speaker 1>On this the rest of the army refused to embark.

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<v Speaker 1>Sinna went to harangue them, and one of his lictors,

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<v Speaker 1>in clearing away struck a soldier. Another soldier struck him.

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<v Speaker 1>Sinna told his lictors to seize this second mutineer, and

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<v Speaker 1>in the tumult that arose, Sinna was slain. Plutarch says

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<v Speaker 1>that the troops murdered him because he was suspected of

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<v Speaker 1>having killed Pompeius, and that when he tried to bribe

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<v Speaker 1>a centurion with a signet ring to spare him, the

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<v Speaker 1>centurion replied that he was not going to seal a bond,

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<v Speaker 1>but slay a tyrant. But Sinna probably died as he

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<v Speaker 1>lived a brave man, and one who could not have

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<v Speaker 1>held ascendancy for so long and over men like Sertorius,

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<v Speaker 1>had he not been an able as well as a

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<v Speaker 1>brave Man. End of section twelve,