Speaker 1: Section thirty five of the Anti Coup. This is a
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Speaker 1: The Anti Coup by Gene Sharp and Bruce Jenkins. Appendix I.
Speaker 1: Legislation and of a Governmental Preparations for anti cou defense.
Speaker 1: Important preparations can be made by governments to prevent and
Speaker 1: defeat couditar These may require new legislation and implementation of
Speaker 1: its provisions. In all of this legislation and these declarations
Speaker 1: of responsibilities and duties, it shall be made clear that
Speaker 1: no one is to commit acts of violence against one's
Speaker 1: fellow citizens who are acting illegally. The following legal measures
Speaker 1: and procedures are recommend for this purpose. One a constitutional
Speaker 1: provision should be adopted that no citizen of any status, role,
Speaker 1: or position in the society whatsoever, has the right to
Speaker 1: accept as the legitimate government any person or group that
Speaker 1: has conducted accouted her. To the contrary, all citizens, without exception,
Speaker 1: have the constitutional duty to deny legitimacy to any group
Speaker 1: of putchists, and to refuse all cooperation with them and
Speaker 1: all obedience to them. Citizens will persistently continue their usual
Speaker 1: duties and assist in meeting the human needs of their
Speaker 1: fellow citizens while defying the puchists. Two specific laws should
Speaker 1: be enacted to establish the leadgal obligations of all government
Speaker 1: employees and civil servants on national, regional, and local levels
Speaker 1: of government to refuse to assist Coudutar. Their legal obligation
Speaker 1: would be to persist in conducting their work according to
Speaker 1: established pre coup constitutional and legal procedures and policies only.
Speaker 1: They would also be legally bound to refuse all cooperation
Speaker 1: with and obedience to any group of usurpers. This refusal
Speaker 1: would be aimed to deny to purch its all administrative
Speaker 1: support to carry out their illegal orders and objectives. Three
Speaker 1: specific laws should be enacted to implement the new constitutional
Speaker 1: provision to make it a legal obligation of all members
Speaker 1: of police forces and all members of the military forces
Speaker 1: to swear not own allegiance to the constitutional government, but
Speaker 1: to pledge, perhaps in the induction oath, to refuse to
Speaker 1: participate in any conspiracy, to organize or conduct accouted her
Speaker 1: in case a coup is then later attempted, It would
Speaker 1: be the duty of these persons to refuse to obey, serve,
Speaker 1: or collaborate with any group that has attempted to seize
Speaker 1: the state apparatus, The police at all levels and members
Speaker 1: of the judicial system must be mandated to continue to
Speaker 1: apply the previously established laws, policies, and procedures only. They
Speaker 1: must ignore any new policies, edicts, and orders received or
Speaker 1: announced from those who have illegally attempted to seize the state. Specifically,
Speaker 1: they may warn persons and groups of the likelihood of
Speaker 1: a arrets and they should refuse to locate and arrest
Speaker 1: patriotic resistors who were defying the putsch, either by individual
Speaker 1: actions or by group resistance and demonstrations. At times, this
Speaker 1: police resistance may be quite open, and at other times
Speaker 1: police may pretend to be being the puchers but not
Speaker 1: actually doing so. For example, they may report that it
Speaker 1: was impossible for them to locate and arrest wanted persons.
Speaker 1: If ordered to disperse street demonstrations, police actions may range
Speaker 1: from simply being present at the site but not taking
Speaker 1: repressive measures, to joining the demonstrators as resistors themselves. The
Speaker 1: police must not be allowed to become a tool of
Speaker 1: repression for the usurpers. Four in addition to resisting the purchasts,
Speaker 1: police should, wherever feasible, be obligated to actively assist the resistance.
Speaker 1: For example, it has happened in past resistance movements that
Speaker 1: police transport its supplies of resistance newspapers and other literature
Speaker 1: in police cars to other parts of the city or
Speaker 1: region where they were needed. Five. Soldiers and other members
Speaker 1: of military forces must not allow themselves to become a
Speaker 1: tool of repression in the service of those who have
Speaker 1: attempted to replace the constitutional government. Their non cooperation and
Speaker 1: disobedience may be especially difficult when the coup has been
Speaker 1: conducted by officers of the military forces, as compared to
Speaker 1: a political group which seeks the compliance of military forces
Speaker 1: in enforcing their illegal domination of the government and society.
Speaker 1: Similarly to the options for police, soldiers in this difficult
Speaker 1: situation who oppose the coup may take any one of
Speaker 1: a range of actions, none of which serves the usurpers.
Speaker 1: They may, for example, be very gentle in facing street demonstrators, or,
Speaker 1: when ordered to fire at protesters, may shoot above their
Speaker 1: heads so as not to injure anyone. They may also
Speaker 1: seek to encourage their military unit to openly defy the
Speaker 1: usurpers or without using their military weapons. Soldiers may engage
Speaker 1: in especially dangerous acts of protest and defiance against the Puschists.
Speaker 1: Open resistance by both police and military troops is likely
Speaker 1: to be extremely dangerous, as the penalty for disobedience and
Speaker 1: mutiny is often execution. Consequently, other less obvious ways of
Speaker 1: denying usurpers obedience and assistance, merit, investigation, and application. Six
Speaker 1: specific laws should be enacted to make it a legal
Speaker 1: obligation of all persons and organizations working in communications to
Speaker 1: persist in their loyalty to the constitutional government only. This
Speaker 1: would mean that in the event of accutitar they would
Speaker 1: be legally bound to refuse to submit to the Putchiest
Speaker 1: attempts to impose censorship, publish announcements and orders from the Putchists,
Speaker 1: and comply with any other illegal orders from the Putchiests.
Speaker 1: In case the regular communications, printing and broadcasting facilities are
Speaker 1: made unusable for normal activities and for use on behalf
Speaker 1: of the legitimate government as a result of repressive actions
Speaker 1: of the Puchiests, it should be the responsibility of people
Speaker 1: in those professions, as well as other citizens, to create
Speaker 1: new means of communication among the population outside the control
Speaker 1: of the usurpers. Seven All persons and groups working for
Speaker 1: any level of government should, in the event of a coup,
Speaker 1: for as long as possible, continue to apply establish policies
Speaker 1: and procedures, and ignore any new policies, orders, and instructions
Speaker 1: issued by the usurpers under likely initial conditions. The government
Speaker 1: employees can continue this defiance at their usual places of work.
Speaker 1: If intolerable repression is launched against them there, these persons
Speaker 1: and groups can go on strike or even disappear. The
Speaker 1: machinery of government must not be permitted to become a
Speaker 1: tool of the usurpers for controlling the society as a whole.
Speaker 1: Eight specific laws should be enacted to make it a
Speaker 1: legal obligation of all persons and organizations working in transportation
Speaker 1: to refuse all orders from the usurpers and to make
Speaker 1: the transportation system unusable by the putchists and instead use
Speaker 1: it to assist the resistance. Nine specific laws should be
Speaker 1: enacted to make it a legal obligation of all governmental
Speaker 1: and private financial bodies, all banks, business institutions, and other
Speaker 1: financial institutions, and all labor unions and similar associations to
Speaker 1: refuse all financial relations whatsoever with the Putchists. Ten While
Speaker 1: in advance of a coup attempt, the government should communicate
Speaker 1: to all governments with which it has diplomatic relations and
Speaker 1: to all international organizations, including the United Nations, that those
Speaker 1: bodies a requested to refuse to conduct any normal political
Speaker 1: or economic relationships with potential usurpers and instead should recognize
Speaker 1: the constitutional government only. Eleven. The legislature and governmental ministries
Speaker 1: and departments should make various types of contingency plans for
Speaker 1: the continuation of legitimate leadership in case the purchases occupy
Speaker 1: government buildings, in prison or execute government officials and representatives,
Speaker 1: or take similar repressive actions. Twelve, The legislature should in
Speaker 1: advance make precise plans as to how constitutional government shall
Speaker 1: resume full normal operations upon the collapse of the attempted coup.
Speaker 1: No other group of usurpers shall be permitted undemocratically to
Speaker 1: impose its own rule during a period of transition. In
Speaker 1: case of loss of life by previous officials during the
Speaker 1: coup and defense against it, provisions should be made as
Speaker 1: to how other persons may legitimately assume the constitutional positions
Speaker 1: that have been vacated. Thirteen, The legislature should, in advance
Speaker 1: of an attempted coup, urge and support all independent institutions, organizations, associations,
Speaker 1: and all educational institutions of the country to participate in
Speaker 1: the education of their members and the general citizenry as
Speaker 1: to their appropriate patriotic duties, to repudiate the usurpers, and
Speaker 1: to practice non cooperation and defiance against any attempted cutitar Fourteen.
Speaker 1: The legislature may also enact legislation to deny participants in
Speaker 1: a coup any lasting financial gain from their illegal activities.
Speaker 1: They would also be prohibited from holding any future government
Speaker 1: employment or positions. Fifteen. The legislature should also consider what
Speaker 1: other types of punishment should be provided in the law
Speaker 1: through initiating and cooperating with a coup. These provisions need
Speaker 1: to take into consideration the need to encourage early supporters
Speaker 1: of a coup to reverse their action and to join
Speaker 1: the defense against it, and Section thirty five