Speaker 1: Hi there, it's Space Nuts yet again. How many are
Speaker 1: we up to now? Four one hundred and seventy four?
Speaker 1: My goodness, it's a Q and A edition. My name
Speaker 1: is Andrew Dunkley. Thanks for joining us this time. We
Speaker 1: are going to be answering questions about what constellations look
Speaker 1: like from a different point in space. If you're traveling,
Speaker 1: when when does it not look like your neighborhood anymore?
Speaker 1: It's an interesting question. We're going to talk about a
Speaker 1: comet that's been in the sky recently, and I've seen
Speaker 1: lots of happy snaps from people on the Space Nuts
Speaker 1: podcast group facebook page about this comet, sou Chin Shan.
Speaker 1: We'll also be discussing the age of the universe and
Speaker 1: citizens science. That's all on this edition of Space Nuts.
Speaker 2: Fifteen second Channel ten nine ignition sequence.
Speaker 3: Space Nuts NI or three two one Space Nuts.
Speaker 4: As can I reported, Bills goods and joining.
Speaker 1: Us to answer all of those questions, it is Professor
Speaker 1: Fred Watson. Hello Fred, Hello on.
Speaker 4: Duh, Nice to see you here.
Speaker 1: Very yes, yes, hey you been since I saw you last.
Speaker 4: Sitting here? Really just waiting for something to help?
Speaker 1: Yes, funny that funny? Shall we get stuck straight? Into it.
Speaker 4: We should. Yeah, my coffee is going cold, so we
Speaker 4: should Oh.
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, get into that. We are going to New
Speaker 1: York first. This is a question from Roger.
Speaker 3: Roger truck driver. And then I'm traveling through the around
Speaker 3: Back Park in Upstate New York. I got a question
Speaker 3: about the constellations. I'm guessing that anywhere in our solar
Speaker 3: system you went, they pretty much looked the same. But
Speaker 3: how far would you have to go before things start
Speaker 3: to get disoriented? We were to we were to go
Speaker 3: to Alpha Centaur, like four light years away, would just
Speaker 3: still recognize some of them? Are? Would they be completely disoriented?
Speaker 3: And I'm kind of thinking of like science fiction shows
Speaker 3: where they show the stars flying by like trees when
Speaker 3: you're going down the road. I'm kind of guessing it
Speaker 3: wouldn't look like that because of the distance between them.
Speaker 3: They probably look like they stayed in the same place.
Speaker 3: But now the question is how far can you go
Speaker 3: before I think, before you don't recognize the neighborhood anymore? Right,
Speaker 3: loving the show, guys, keep on trucking.
Speaker 1: There he is. Thank you, Roger. I always love that.
Speaker 1: I haven't heard from Roger in a wall. Yeah, that
Speaker 1: was an interesting analogy about driving down the highway and
Speaker 1: the trees fly past. They do portray space travel that
Speaker 1: way with the stars, but I think it would probably
Speaker 1: be a much more boring viewed in that in real
Speaker 1: terms after a while, I mean, it'd be pretty extraordinary
Speaker 1: to look at, but eventually you'd be saying, oh, yeah,
Speaker 1: there it is, the stars still there. Yeah, and what
Speaker 1: check it in the thousand years time and see where
Speaker 1: it is. It might be a bit like that.
Speaker 4: It probably is actually. I mean, for first of all,
Speaker 4: we you know, on human timescales, with the technology that
Speaker 4: we have today, it takes a long time to get
Speaker 4: even beyond the little bit of Pluto as we know
Speaker 4: from New Horizons, which I think took nine years to
Speaker 4: get from Earth to Pluto on its epic voyage in
Speaker 4: the early part of this century. And it is interesting
Speaker 4: that that that has been used as a baseline to
Speaker 4: directly measure the distance to some of the stars. The
Speaker 4: fact that we know where star is from the Earth,
Speaker 4: and yeah, you get to what is it, thirty thirty
Speaker 4: astronomical units something like that. The distance out to Blueto
Speaker 4: it's thirty forty and an astronomical unit is one hundred
Speaker 4: and fifty million kilometers the distance from the Earth to
Speaker 4: the Sun. To get a view from there, their positions
Speaker 4: look very, very slightly different. You need to measure them
Speaker 4: accurately with the kind of equipment that New Horizons has
Speaker 4: on board. But yeah, you can see the difference there.
Speaker 4: You can see what we call the parallax, the distant
Speaker 4: the different position in the sky that a star looks
Speaker 4: to be from different things. Yes, in the name of
Speaker 4: a well known book by an author who has a
Speaker 4: voice very similar to the one that you're not listening
Speaker 4: to now, but you will be in a second.
Speaker 1: I think I know him. Yes, it just happened. It
Speaker 1: does happen to have a copy of the book on
Speaker 1: my desk. As you mentioned you were.
Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, it's a great, great word and a great
Speaker 4: title from book. But you know, Roger's comments are right
Speaker 4: on the money. You've got to go a long way
Speaker 4: before the constellations start looking different. I think if you
Speaker 4: went to Alpha Centauri, you look at the sky and
Speaker 4: think that's pretty well the same sky that we see
Speaker 4: from except actually for except for you know, the Alpha
Speaker 4: Centauri itself, of the Alpha Centauri systems is a triple
Speaker 4: triple star system that would look pretty damn bright, and
Speaker 4: so you wouldn't really see the stars of Centaurus. But
Speaker 4: a lot of the stars in the sky are at
Speaker 4: distances which you measure in hundreds of light years. I
Speaker 4: guess with the naked eye we see out to about
Speaker 4: very roughly a thousand light years, and so traveling just
Speaker 4: for four and a bit light years is not going
Speaker 4: to change things that much. There'll be some constellations that
Speaker 4: will have the odd star looking as it's in the
Speaker 4: wrong place, and said Norris will be one of them,
Speaker 4: because you're right next to one of the stars of Centaurus.
Speaker 4: But I think generally speaking, you will be able to
Speaker 4: recognize them. They might look just slightly walked, but you're
Speaker 4: able to recognize them. It was certainly a common feature
Speaker 4: of textbooks that I used to read on astronomy when
Speaker 4: I was a youngster growing up and getting interested in astronomy.
Speaker 4: It's a common feature to have pictures of constellations as
Speaker 4: they are now, as they would be in ten thousand years,
Speaker 4: as they will be in fifty thousand years, and you know,
Speaker 4: and so it goes on. And that's because of the
Speaker 4: intrinsic motions of the stars themselves. It's not because we're
Speaker 4: changing our vantage point, but it was always the same.
Speaker 4: You could see the basic outline of a constellation and
Speaker 4: it would just change slightly sort of, you know, you
Speaker 4: realize that it's not quite the same, that something's a
Speaker 4: bit different about it. So I think that will be
Speaker 4: what you'd see as you journeyed deeper and deeper into space.
Speaker 1: Yeah, so you'd have to go a heck of a
Speaker 1: long way before yeah, really sort of went where the
Speaker 1: hell am I?
Speaker 3: Yeah?
Speaker 4: I think I think fifty light years a hundred light
Speaker 4: years you would start seeing a completely different set of
Speaker 4: you know, set of star patterns. You really would worry
Speaker 4: where you were. This would be a very alien sky
Speaker 4: to you.
Speaker 1: Yes, yes, indeed, a really interesting question. And that's brilliant
Speaker 1: and you know, not surprising that it's come from Roger,
Speaker 1: who spends a lot of time traveling and he probably
Speaker 1: is driving along in the trees were flashing past, and
Speaker 1: he went, wait a minute, yep, there's a question in that.
Speaker 4: So there it is.
Speaker 1: Thank you, Roger, Well done, Space MUDs. Our next question
Speaker 1: comes from Lisa. Lisa is from Prince George in British
Speaker 1: Columbia in Canada. Hello, Professor Fred and Andrew. I was
Speaker 1: lucky enough to have clear skies to comet. I'm going
Speaker 1: to get it right this time. Soo Chin Shan was
Speaker 1: passing by. He was passing by and got to observe
Speaker 1: it two nights in a row. I shared a few
Speaker 1: pictures on the Space Nuts podcast group Facebook page. If
Speaker 1: anyone is interested, I probably saw them, Lisa, I did too. Yeah,
Speaker 1: witnessing such a rare event was truly awe inspiring, and
Speaker 1: it got me thinking. We know this comet has an
Speaker 1: orbital period of eighty thousand years, but do we know
Speaker 1: for sure that it's been here before. Is it possible
Speaker 1: that it dropped out of the oort cloud more recently
Speaker 1: and is on its first lap, so to speak? Is
Speaker 1: there any way to tell other than direct observation if
Speaker 1: a comet is a repeat visitor. Thanks for a wonderful podcast.
Speaker 1: I've been listening since twenty eighteen and love of both
Speaker 1: the show and the community that has formed around it. Lisa, Oh,
Speaker 1: that's lovely, Lisa. I'm glad you're enjoying being part of
Speaker 1: a space nuts podcast group on Facebook. And if you're
Speaker 1: not yet, maybe you should go along and have a look,
Speaker 1: because it is a great little page. And yeah, I
Speaker 1: think everyone really enjoys there, their time there and their
Speaker 1: company and the conversation they have with each other. However,
Speaker 1: we have an important question to answer with Sue Chin
Speaker 1: Shan the comet that was in the sky recently on
Speaker 1: the nights I was best able to observe it. It
Speaker 1: was cloudy, and then when it finally cleared up, the
Speaker 1: darn thing was too low on the horizon for me
Speaker 1: to get a look at it, so I never ever
Speaker 1: got to see it myself, which I'm very disappointed about.
Speaker 1: But I'm pretty sure it won't be the last one
Speaker 1: to pass by in the next several years, so I
Speaker 1: might get a shot at another one.
Speaker 4: Oh you will. And I've got a similar story to you, Andrew,
Speaker 4: which is that when it was at its brightest in
Speaker 4: the evening sky here in Sydney, we had really overcust weather,
Speaker 4: which we've got now it's been like this for a
Speaker 4: month and it's not very conducive to astronomy. But I
Speaker 4: was lucky enough when we were I think I told
Speaker 4: you we were many. Now we're down at a place
Speaker 4: called Sea Lake near Lake Tyril in northern Victoria for
Speaker 4: a star fest, and there were lots of telescopes there,
Speaker 4: and one of them had his. One of the astronomers
Speaker 4: who was using these telescopes had his telescope coupled to
Speaker 4: a detector, a real time detector, in other words, a
Speaker 4: TV camera, and he was showing the results on a
Speaker 4: screen and he was actually pointing it at Tushin Chan
Speaker 4: Tu Chin Shan, and so I did see it, but
Speaker 4: not through the telescope, but I saw it live as
Speaker 4: it was on the screen. So that cheered me up
Speaker 4: quite a lot. Now to Lisa's question, that's a really
Speaker 4: good one as well. And this business of the eighty
Speaker 4: thousand years, it's a little bit of a moveable face
Speaker 4: because comment often their orbits are perturbed strongly by the
Speaker 4: gravity of other objects in the Solar System, including in
Speaker 4: particular the planet Jupiter, which is the biggest of the planets,
Speaker 4: and so often the orbital period of these very long
Speaker 4: period comets changes. Now to the nub of the question,
Speaker 4: could this be its first visit into the inner Solar System?
Speaker 4: I think it could be. I'm not sure in this case,
Speaker 4: and I should have read up on this, because there
Speaker 4: are markers in a comet's emissions when it gets near
Speaker 4: the Sun that give you some idea as to how
Speaker 4: many times it has been around the tracks, in other words,
Speaker 4: how many times it's passed close by the Sun, because
Speaker 4: it changes the structure of the comet. Every time it
Speaker 4: goes around the Sun. You get more of the volatiles
Speaker 4: blown away and you're left with a more dusty body.
Speaker 4: And I think think there's you know, the rate at
Speaker 4: which these chemicals, the elements within and molecules within the
Speaker 4: comets I see body, The rate at which these are
Speaker 4: dispersed into space changes depending on which compound you're talking about,
Speaker 4: And so I think by looking at the mix of
Speaker 4: chemicals that is being emitted by a comet when it
Speaker 4: gets near the Sun, you can get some idea of
Speaker 4: how many times it's visited the Sun. Now, I'm only
Speaker 4: saying things that I recall from having looked this up
Speaker 4: a long time ago. So there might be nuances in
Speaker 4: that that aren't correct, and there might also be details
Speaker 4: that I haven't really explained. But at the bottom line
Speaker 4: is that it may have been the first time around
Speaker 4: the Sun. If not, we might have ways of knowing
Speaker 4: about it, and I should check them out just to
Speaker 4: see what the pondits say. About that.
Speaker 1: Yeah, well I was only discovered last year's.
Speaker 4: Right it was, so it was on its incoming orbit
Speaker 4: last year, so we know the first thing.
Speaker 1: I just did a quick search. And now I've said,
Speaker 1: has the commet been here before? And it says it
Speaker 1: has never reached the inner solar system in human his
Speaker 1: view before? Now apparently, so there you are. So it's
Speaker 1: call for it.
Speaker 4: It's a pristine comet, isn't a thought?
Speaker 1: Okay, So we just have to wagit eighty thousand years
Speaker 1: to have another look at.
Speaker 4: It and see what's changed.
Speaker 1: Yeah, yes, indeed there's a few that are going to
Speaker 1: be quicker than that's that's the good news. Thank you,
Speaker 1: Lisa Tho. Really good question, and yeah you're right, it's
Speaker 1: the first time it's been here. Apparently. This is Space
Speaker 1: Nuts with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson, the road.
Speaker 4: Piece Nuts.
Speaker 1: Now Fred to our next question, although we're not moving
Speaker 1: far around the globe because this one comes from David
Speaker 1: who happens to live in Canada.
Speaker 2: Hello Andrew and Professor Watson. David here from Saint John's
Speaker 2: Nufuna in Canada, just wondering how did we measure how
Speaker 2: old the universe is Thanks love forcast.
Speaker 1: Thanks David. I'm going to ask David a question that
Speaker 1: every time I travel and I tell people I'm Australian,
Speaker 1: they'll say, oh, do you know John faith Waite? Oh, David,
Speaker 1: do you know Lisa? Now I gather from the provinces
Speaker 1: they live in. They're probably not very close.
Speaker 4: Together at all.
Speaker 1: But you know, I get that. You get that a lot.
Speaker 1: I get that a lot when I travel. It's ridiculous. Well,
Speaker 1: I might know him, except there are thirty million other
Speaker 1: people that you know. Ah, yeah, it's funny. It is funny.
Speaker 1: Ah to the universe. How do we know it's right?
Speaker 1: How did we measure it in the first place? What's
Speaker 1: the goss there?
Speaker 4: So? Yeah, So the first measurements made of the age
Speaker 4: of the universe were when we started measuring what's called
Speaker 4: the Hubble constant, And the Hubble constant is the current
Speaker 4: rate of expansion of the universe. It's how fast it's
Speaker 4: expanding now. And it's an easy calculation to go from that.
Speaker 4: If you assume the expansion has been constant throughout the
Speaker 4: history of the universe, it's an easy calculation to go
Speaker 4: from the expansion velocity back to when everything was at
Speaker 4: the same point in space, and you get the answer.
Speaker 4: You get an answer of about if I remember this,
Speaker 4: about fifteen billion years. So that was the first way
Speaker 4: that we evaluated the age of the universe. And I
Speaker 4: guess that was in the early sixties seventies when the
Speaker 4: Big Bang theory was really becoming very much the theory
Speaker 4: of the universe as we know it rather than one
Speaker 4: that was just a hypothesis. And so that's the first way.
Speaker 4: But there are there are other ways of doing it,
Speaker 4: and we can you can sort of again it comes
Speaker 4: to it's all about accurately measuring distances and things of
Speaker 4: that sort, because that's what you need to do to
Speaker 4: get a good idea of well, first of all, the
Speaker 4: hubble constant. You've got to you've got to evaluate what
Speaker 4: that is, and it needs the measurement of distances. And
Speaker 4: there are two ways of measuring distances in this kind
Speaker 4: of context. One is standard rulers and the other is
Speaker 4: standard candles. So standard candle is is a light source
Speaker 4: that you hold up whose intrinsic brightness that you know,
Speaker 4: and then you see how bright it is from your
Speaker 4: vantage point. And if you know the intrinsic brightness, you
Speaker 4: can work out the distance, and that's how the super
Speaker 4: and ova work works. People are doing investigation of the
Speaker 4: in fact, in particular the dark energy and the accelerated
Speaker 4: expansion of the universe. They look at super and ova
Speaker 4: explosions of a particular type that we know has a
Speaker 4: certain brightness, and from that you can deduce the supernova's distance,
Speaker 4: and from that you can tell whether your value of
Speaker 4: the Hubble constant is right or whether it needs tweaking.
Speaker 4: And the standard ruler method actually goes back to the
Speaker 4: early universe when there are characteristic separations of galaxies, and
Speaker 4: even before that, the characteristic separation of the hot and
Speaker 4: cold features, of the warm and cool features in the
Speaker 4: cosmic microwave background radiation give you an idea about the
Speaker 4: you know, the age of the universe, the state of
Speaker 4: the universe at that time. So all these things come
Speaker 4: together and you've got a much more subtle value for
Speaker 4: the age of the universe. We now think it's thirteen
Speaker 4: point eight billion years, but that's not that different from
Speaker 4: just taking a straightforward, you know, linear expansion since zero
Speaker 4: to determine the age of the universe from the hob
Speaker 4: directly from the Hubble constant, So thirty point eight billion years.
Speaker 4: It's got a lot of input into it, but even
Speaker 4: the crudest method gives us something similar to that.
Speaker 1: While you were talking, I thought I'll do a Google
Speaker 1: search and I asked what is the exact age of
Speaker 1: the universe? And the answer was interesting. According to estimates,
Speaker 1: the universe is thirteen point seven billion years old with
Speaker 1: an uncertainty of two hundred million years. We can't really
Speaker 1: be exact, can we.
Speaker 4: No, that's right, so our technology has to improve. I
Speaker 4: have always had not a theory, but the notion that
Speaker 4: when we do get down to the exact age of
Speaker 4: the universe, it will turn out to have been created
Speaker 4: on the first of April, and that will tell us
Speaker 4: things about the universe that we probably don't really want
Speaker 4: to know.
Speaker 1: If it's just one big joke, yeah, oh, how are
Speaker 1: you loved?
Speaker 4: Yes?
Speaker 1: Imagine So so there it is. David several ways of
Speaker 1: making the measurement, and they all come up with around
Speaker 1: about the same number. Finally, Fred, we have a question
Speaker 1: from Sandy. I love these short form questions. Hi, Fred
Speaker 1: and Andrew, are there citizens science programs that you know
Speaker 1: of where average people I e. Me help with scientific
Speaker 1: data for asteroid occultations, occultations and light curve data submission
Speaker 1: for stars and asteroids. Wow, thanks Sandy.
Speaker 4: Yes, another great question and good on you. Some do
Speaker 4: that means you're making measurements, and citizens science is a
Speaker 4: great way of getting those measurements into our knowledge base.
Speaker 4: So the first thing that came into my mind was
Speaker 4: the universe, and Zuniverse is a kind of suite of
Speaker 4: citizen science programs that started, I think with the Galaxy
Speaker 4: Zoo project, which was citizens science citizen scientists looking at
Speaker 4: images from the Sloane Digital Sky Survey, and that's a
Speaker 4: telescope in New Mexico that surveyed the northern sky in
Speaker 4: very great detail. Discovered all these weird and wonderful objects,
Speaker 4: and they are among them galaxies, I mean, the weird
Speaker 4: and wonderful galaxies is probably what mostly this was about,
Speaker 4: hence the name Galaxy Zoo, which produced some quite extraordinary discoveries.
Speaker 4: Hanni's object is one that comes to mind. I think
Speaker 4: we might have mentioned that recently, a green blob next
Speaker 4: to a galaxy, which was eventually traced to gas fluorescing
Speaker 4: after an outburst from the center of the galaxy probably
Speaker 4: are burnt by the black hole at the center of
Speaker 4: the galaxy some millions or even billions of years ago.
Speaker 4: Haney's vote. It was called because I think that's the
Speaker 4: Dutch word for objects, and she was a Dutch school teacher,
Speaker 4: which probably still is. So that sort of thing was
Speaker 4: a particular version of cities and science, but that sort
Speaker 4: of spread its tentacles and became something called the zuniverse,
Speaker 4: which I think has a number of different projects in it,
Speaker 4: and I think there may well be they may well
Speaker 4: be asteroid occultation you know pages or like data like
Speaker 4: curve pages. I actually just googled cities and Science asteroid occultations.
Speaker 4: They came up with a number of interesting websites. Unistella
Speaker 4: has one Unistellar Citizen Science. Unistellar is a company that
Speaker 4: is actually manufactures a very particular kind of telescope, and
Speaker 4: they have an asteroid occultation citizen science page. That's one
Speaker 4: to look for. I also googled light curves, I think
Speaker 4: cities and science like curves. That came up with a
Speaker 4: whole lot of things. One of them is it's actually,
Speaker 4: you know, the Hubble telescope has global cities and science
Speaker 4: projects of its own. But zooly versus perhaps the classification
Speaker 4: that's biggest and perhaps most popular, and they certainly do
Speaker 4: have a variable star like curve citizen science project. There
Speaker 4: are specialist astronomical societies that do both of those things,
Speaker 4: as well as societies dedicated to asteroid observations and dedicated
Speaker 4: to variable star work. Most of them are international and
Speaker 4: very well established, and they're not that hard to find.
Speaker 4: So have a look around, Sandy, and you're sure to
Speaker 4: find the right one for you.
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, I thought I'd just throw one out there
Speaker 1: and say, you know, what is the greatest discovery by
Speaker 1: astronomical discovery by a citizen sign scientists? And it went
Speaker 1: straight to an August twenty twenty four article in fiz
Speaker 1: dot org Citizen science projects identify twenty new astronomical discoveries
Speaker 1: and that included previously unidentified supernovae. And there's more than
Speaker 1: two thousand volunteers across one hundred and five countries that
Speaker 1: are working on these projects. The project is called Killer
Speaker 1: Nova Seekers, and they're aiming to find kilo novae, the
Speaker 1: explo cosmic explosions of neutron stars and black holes colliding
Speaker 1: in distant galaxies. So there's all sorts of stuff going
Speaker 1: on out there. If you've search deep enough, you'll find
Speaker 1: what you're more in terms of citizen science in the
Speaker 1: realm of astronomy. So yeah, there's a lot going on.
Speaker 1: I don't do it with astronomy, but I do do
Speaker 1: a little bit of a thing that's not I don't
Speaker 1: suppose you call it citizens science. So I downloaded an
Speaker 1: app called dream Lab d am Lab, and what it
Speaker 1: does is at night, when I put my mobile phone
Speaker 1: on a charger, I open up the dream Lab app
Speaker 1: and I just click start session and it starts crunching
Speaker 1: numbers using my phone as part of a giant computer
Speaker 1: to sort out whatever scientific problem somebody's trying to solve.
Speaker 1: The last one I did, which took two years to crunch,
Speaker 1: was a COVID nineteen calculation. Right now, I'm doing one
Speaker 1: through dream Lab, supporting the Tropical cyclone Modeling Phase four study.
Speaker 1: So it's all sorts of subjects that you can sell.
Speaker 1: Identity Hunter Phase two, which is an Italian study. The
Speaker 1: Imperial College London is doing a study on long COVID.
Speaker 1: So if you want to download, if you want to
Speaker 1: use your phone for very positive reasons, you may find
Speaker 1: astronomical studies that you can do through a mobile phone app,
Speaker 1: or if you want to help in so many other areas,
Speaker 1: just have look for dream lab. Dream Lab with a
Speaker 1: little purple cloud is the icon. I basically let my
Speaker 1: let whoever use my phone when I'm asleep to crunch calculations.
Speaker 1: So it's a good way to use mobile technology for
Speaker 1: the greater good. I reckon.
Speaker 4: But yes, Andy, I don't.
Speaker 1: Think you'll have any trouble finding citizens science groups in
Speaker 1: those areas that you are asked about. Thanks for your question,
Speaker 1: and if you do have questions for us, go to
Speaker 1: our website and send them to us there. It just
Speaker 1: clicked the AMA tab on the space nuts dot com
Speaker 1: Space Nuts podcast dot com website and send us your
Speaker 1: textra audio questions there. Don't forget to tell us who
Speaker 1: you are and we from just lately they've all been
Speaker 1: from Canada or Brisbane as it turns out, but I'm
Speaker 1: sure other people around the world sides as well. Jordie
Speaker 1: who's always asking for dinner and Fred, thanks, thanks so
Speaker 1: much for your company and answering those questions today. It's
Speaker 1: been good fun.
Speaker 4: Yeah, thanks again. I think Jordy is telling me it's
Speaker 4: time I gave up on this. Don't pro walk.
Speaker 1: So you know you very much, Andrew, and we'll talk again,
Speaker 1: so we will. Professor Fred Watson, Astronomer at Large and
Speaker 1: to here in the studio. Nothing much to say there,
Speaker 1: no movement at all, and from me Andrew Dunkley, thanks
Speaker 1: for your company. See you again and Jordy on the
Speaker 1: next epre Sad of Space Nuts by Bie.
Speaker 2: To the Space Nuts podcast.
Speaker 1: Available at Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeart Radio, or your favorite
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