WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.600 --> 00:00:04.559 The Constitution of the United States of America. This is 2 00:00:04.599 --> 00:00:08.519 a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. 3 00:00:09.039 --> 00:00:13.439 For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. 4 00:00:14.199 --> 00:00:18.160 This reading by Alison Hester of Athens, Georgia. Problems in 5 00:00:18.199 --> 00:00:23.760 American Democracy by Times Williamson Appendix The Constitution of the 6 00:00:23.839 --> 00:00:28.640 United States of America. We, the people of the United States, 7 00:00:28.679 --> 00:00:32.679 in order to form a more perfect union, established justice, 8 00:00:33.119 --> 00:00:38.399 insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the 9 00:00:38.479 --> 00:00:42.840 general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves 10 00:00:42.880 --> 00:00:47.359 and our posterity. Do ordain and establish this Constitution for 11 00:00:47.439 --> 00:00:54.159 the United States of America. Article I, Section one. All 12 00:00:54.280 --> 00:00:58.600 legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress 13 00:00:58.679 --> 00:01:02.000 of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate 14 00:01:02.320 --> 00:01:08.480 and a House of Representatives. Section two, Part one. The 15 00:01:08.519 --> 00:01:12.799 House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every 16 00:01:12.879 --> 00:01:16.439 second year by the people of the several States, and 17 00:01:16.640 --> 00:01:21.079 the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite 18 00:01:21.200 --> 00:01:25.719 for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. 19 00:01:27.319 --> 00:01:31.879 Section two, Part two. No person shall be a representative 20 00:01:32.120 --> 00:01:34.719 who shall not have attained to the age of twenty 21 00:01:34.760 --> 00:01:37.879 five years and been seven years a citizen of the 22 00:01:37.959 --> 00:01:41.920 United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an 23 00:01:41.920 --> 00:01:45.159 inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. 24 00:01:46.400 --> 00:01:52.400 Section two, Part three. Representatives and direct taxes shall be 25 00:01:52.439 --> 00:01:56.280 apportioned among the several states which may be included within 26 00:01:56.359 --> 00:01:59.840 this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be 27 00:01:59.840 --> 00:02:03.480 the determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, 28 00:02:03.519 --> 00:02:06.680 including those bound to service for a term of years, 29 00:02:07.120 --> 00:02:12.199 and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons. 30 00:02:12.400 --> 00:02:17.039 The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after 31 00:02:17.080 --> 00:02:19.840 the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, 32 00:02:20.439 --> 00:02:24.400 and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such 33 00:02:24.439 --> 00:02:28.840 a manner as they shall by law direct. The number 34 00:02:28.879 --> 00:02:33.000 of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 35 00:02:33.560 --> 00:02:37.280 but each state shall have at least one representatives, and 36 00:02:37.800 --> 00:02:41.759 until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New 37 00:02:41.759 --> 00:02:46.639 Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three. Massachusetts eight, Rhode 38 00:02:46.680 --> 00:02:52.680 Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, 39 00:02:53.120 --> 00:02:59.919 New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six Virginia, Tia, 40 00:03:00.800 --> 00:03:06.960 North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. Section two, 41 00:03:07.039 --> 00:03:11.639 Part four. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, 42 00:03:12.000 --> 00:03:16.000 the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to 43 00:03:16.080 --> 00:03:21.439 fill such vacancies. Section two, Part five. The House of 44 00:03:21.520 --> 00:03:26.360 Representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers, and shall 45 00:03:26.439 --> 00:03:31.719 have the sole power of impeachment. Article one. Section three, 46 00:03:31.759 --> 00:03:35.479 Part one. The Senate of the United States shall be 47 00:03:35.560 --> 00:03:38.879 composed of two senators from each state, chosen by the 48 00:03:38.960 --> 00:03:43.360 legislature thereof, for six years, and each senator shall have 49 00:03:43.439 --> 00:03:48.560 one vote. Section three, Part two. Immediately after they shall 50 00:03:48.599 --> 00:03:52.159 be assembled in consequence of the first election. They shall 51 00:03:52.199 --> 00:03:55.680 be divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. 52 00:03:56.240 --> 00:03:58.960 The seats of the senators of the first class shall 53 00:03:59.000 --> 00:04:02.680 be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of 54 00:04:02.719 --> 00:04:06.000 the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, 55 00:04:06.520 --> 00:04:09.680 and of the third class at the expiration of the 56 00:04:09.840 --> 00:04:13.280 sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every 57 00:04:13.360 --> 00:04:18.199 second year. And if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise 58 00:04:18.680 --> 00:04:22.240 during the recess of the legislature of any state, the 59 00:04:22.319 --> 00:04:27.040 executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting 60 00:04:27.160 --> 00:04:32.639 of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. Section three, 61 00:04:32.920 --> 00:04:36.959 Part three. No person shall be a Senator who shall 62 00:04:37.040 --> 00:04:40.240 not have attained to the age of thirty years and 63 00:04:40.560 --> 00:04:43.800 been nine years a citizen of the United States, and 64 00:04:43.959 --> 00:04:47.639 who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that 65 00:04:47.759 --> 00:04:51.879 state for which he shall be chosen. Section three Part four. 66 00:04:52.519 --> 00:04:55.399 The Vice President of the United States shall be the 67 00:04:55.399 --> 00:04:58.920 President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless 68 00:04:58.920 --> 00:05:03.759 they be equally divine. Five. The Senates shall choose their 69 00:05:03.800 --> 00:05:07.519 other officers, and also a President pro temper in the 70 00:05:07.560 --> 00:05:11.199 absence of the Vice President or when he shall exercise 71 00:05:11.279 --> 00:05:15.040 the office of the President of the United States. Six. 72 00:05:15.639 --> 00:05:19.399 The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. 73 00:05:19.920 --> 00:05:23.079 When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath 74 00:05:23.399 --> 00:05:27.399 or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, 75 00:05:27.800 --> 00:05:31.680 the Chief Justice shall preside, and no person shall be 76 00:05:31.759 --> 00:05:36.839 convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present. Seven. 77 00:05:37.680 --> 00:05:41.800 Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than 78 00:05:41.839 --> 00:05:46.639 to removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy 79 00:05:46.920 --> 00:05:50.959 any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States, 80 00:05:51.560 --> 00:05:55.680 but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject 81 00:05:55.800 --> 00:06:01.720 to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment. According to law. Section 82 00:06:01.759 --> 00:06:07.199 four one, the times, places in manner of holding elections 83 00:06:07.199 --> 00:06:11.120 for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each state 84 00:06:11.240 --> 00:06:15.439 by the legislature thereof. But the Congress may at any time, 85 00:06:15.560 --> 00:06:19.879 by law make or alter such regulations, except as to 86 00:06:19.920 --> 00:06:24.720 the places of choosing senators. Two. The Congress shall assemble 87 00:06:24.800 --> 00:06:28.040 at least once in every year. In such meetings shall 88 00:06:28.079 --> 00:06:31.319 be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall, 89 00:06:31.360 --> 00:06:37.240 by law appoint a different day. Section five One. Each 90 00:06:37.319 --> 00:06:40.800 House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and 91 00:06:40.920 --> 00:06:44.399 qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each 92 00:06:44.600 --> 00:06:48.240 shall constitute a quorum to do business, But a smaller 93 00:06:48.360 --> 00:06:51.199 number may adjourn from day to day, and may be 94 00:06:51.319 --> 00:06:55.519 authorized to compel the attendants of absent members in such 95 00:06:55.600 --> 00:07:01.519 manner and under such penalties as each House may provide. Two. 96 00:07:01.759 --> 00:07:05.480 Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish 97 00:07:05.519 --> 00:07:09.199 its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of 98 00:07:09.240 --> 00:07:14.439 two thirds, expel a member. Three. Each House shall keep 99 00:07:14.480 --> 00:07:17.959 a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time 100 00:07:18.199 --> 00:07:22.639 publish the same, accepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 101 00:07:22.839 --> 00:07:26.439 require secrecy. And the yeas and nays of the members 102 00:07:26.439 --> 00:07:29.959 of either House on any question, shall, at the desire 103 00:07:30.120 --> 00:07:34.879 of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Four. 104 00:07:35.920 --> 00:07:39.800 Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 105 00:07:39.839 --> 00:07:42.839 consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, 106 00:07:43.279 --> 00:07:46.319 nor to any other place than that in which the 107 00:07:46.360 --> 00:07:52.839 two houses shall be sitting. Section six One. The senators 108 00:07:52.879 --> 00:07:57.040 and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to 109 00:07:57.079 --> 00:08:00.120 be ascertained by law and paid out of the treasure 110 00:08:00.240 --> 00:08:05.399 of the United States. They shall, in all cases except treason, felony, 111 00:08:05.480 --> 00:08:09.079 and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during 112 00:08:09.120 --> 00:08:12.920 their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and 113 00:08:13.279 --> 00:08:17.399 in going to and returning from the same, and for 114 00:08:17.519 --> 00:08:20.800 any speech or debate in either House. They shall not 115 00:08:20.920 --> 00:08:26.560 be questioned in any other place. Two. No senator or 116 00:08:26.720 --> 00:08:30.759 Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, 117 00:08:31.079 --> 00:08:34.679 be appointed to any civil office under the authority of 118 00:08:34.679 --> 00:08:39.080 the United States, which shall have been created, or the 119 00:08:39.080 --> 00:08:43.000 emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such a time. 120 00:08:43.519 --> 00:08:46.759 And no person holding any office under the United States, 121 00:08:47.000 --> 00:08:50.480 shall be a member of either House during his continuance 122 00:08:50.639 --> 00:08:57.480 in office. Section seven. All bills for raising revenue shall 123 00:08:57.480 --> 00:09:01.120 originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may 124 00:09:01.200 --> 00:09:06.200 propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. Two. 125 00:09:07.000 --> 00:09:10.200 Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives 126 00:09:10.200 --> 00:09:14.200 and the Senate, shall, before it became law, be presented 127 00:09:14.240 --> 00:09:17.120 to the President of the United States. If he approve, 128 00:09:17.519 --> 00:09:20.600 he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return 129 00:09:20.679 --> 00:09:23.440 it with his objections to that house in which it 130 00:09:23.480 --> 00:09:27.159 shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large 131 00:09:27.159 --> 00:09:31.279 on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after 132 00:09:31.399 --> 00:09:35.360 such reconsideration, two thirds of that House shall agree to 133 00:09:35.440 --> 00:09:39.519 pass the bill, it shall be sent together with the objections, 134 00:09:39.799 --> 00:09:43.440 to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, 135 00:09:43.799 --> 00:09:46.919 and if approved by two thirds of that house, it 136 00:09:47.000 --> 00:09:50.639 shall become a law. But in all such cases, the 137 00:09:50.759 --> 00:09:54.600 votes of both houses shall be determined by yays and nays, 138 00:09:54.960 --> 00:09:58.000 and the names of the persons voting for and against 139 00:09:58.039 --> 00:10:00.799 the bill shall be entered on the journal of each 140 00:10:00.879 --> 00:10:05.120 house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by 141 00:10:05.120 --> 00:10:09.600 the President within ten days, Sundays, excepted after it shall 142 00:10:09.639 --> 00:10:12.279 have been presented to him. The same shall be a 143 00:10:12.360 --> 00:10:15.120 law in like manner as if he had signed it, 144 00:10:15.519 --> 00:10:19.399 unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in 145 00:10:19.440 --> 00:10:26.080 which case it shall not be a law. Three. Every order, resolution, 146 00:10:26.600 --> 00:10:29.440 or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and 147 00:10:29.480 --> 00:10:33.600 House of Representatives may be necessary, except on a question 148 00:10:33.679 --> 00:10:36.919 of adjournment, shall be presented to the President of the 149 00:10:37.000 --> 00:10:41.120 United States, and before the same shall take effect, shall 150 00:10:41.159 --> 00:10:45.000 be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall 151 00:10:45.039 --> 00:10:47.840 be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House 152 00:10:47.879 --> 00:10:52.159 of Representatives. According to the rules and limitations prescribed in 153 00:10:52.200 --> 00:10:56.879 the case of a bill. Section eight, The Congress shall 154 00:10:56.960 --> 00:11:02.919 have power one to lay in an collect taxes, duties, imposts, 155 00:11:02.960 --> 00:11:06.320 and excises to pay the debts and provide for the 156 00:11:06.360 --> 00:11:10.639 common defense and general welfare of the United States. But 157 00:11:10.840 --> 00:11:15.720 all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the 158 00:11:15.840 --> 00:11:20.799 United States. Two to borrow money on the credit of 159 00:11:20.799 --> 00:11:26.120 the United States. Three to regulate commerce with foreign nations 160 00:11:26.159 --> 00:11:30.080 and among the several States and with the Indian tribes. 161 00:11:30.919 --> 00:11:36.320 Four to establish a uniform rule of naturalization and uniform 162 00:11:36.440 --> 00:11:39.759 laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States. 163 00:11:40.559 --> 00:11:44.679 Five to coin money, regulate the value thereof and of 164 00:11:44.799 --> 00:11:48.720 foreign coin, and fix the standards of weight and measures. 165 00:11:49.519 --> 00:11:54.039 Six To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting and securities 166 00:11:54.159 --> 00:11:58.519 and current coin of the United States. Seven To establish 167 00:11:58.639 --> 00:12:02.480 post offices and post wary roads. Eight To promote the 168 00:12:02.519 --> 00:12:06.559 progress of science and useful arts by securing, for limited 169 00:12:06.600 --> 00:12:10.519 times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their 170 00:12:10.559 --> 00:12:16.519 respective writings and discoveries. Nine To constitute tribunals inferior to 171 00:12:16.559 --> 00:12:21.840 the Supreme Court. Ten To define and punish piracies and 172 00:12:21.879 --> 00:12:25.679 felonies committed on the high seas and offenses against the 173 00:12:25.759 --> 00:12:30.840 law of Nations. Eleven to declare war, grant letters of 174 00:12:30.960 --> 00:12:35.720 mark and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land 175 00:12:35.840 --> 00:12:40.440 and water. Twelve To raise and support armies, but no 176 00:12:40.600 --> 00:12:43.679 appropriation of money to that use shall be for a 177 00:12:43.759 --> 00:12:48.240 longer term than two years. Thirteen To provide and maintain 178 00:12:48.279 --> 00:12:52.399 a navy. Fourteen to make rules for the government and 179 00:12:52.480 --> 00:12:57.440 regulation of the land and naval forces. Fifteen to provide 180 00:12:57.519 --> 00:13:00.519 for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of 181 00:13:00.559 --> 00:13:07.440 the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions. Sixteen To provide 182 00:13:07.559 --> 00:13:11.919 for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing 183 00:13:12.000 --> 00:13:14.799 such part of them as may be employed in the 184 00:13:14.840 --> 00:13:18.840 service of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively, 185 00:13:19.120 --> 00:13:22.960 the appointment of the officers and the authority of training 186 00:13:23.000 --> 00:13:28.720 the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. Seventeen. 187 00:13:29.240 --> 00:13:34.480 To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such 188 00:13:34.600 --> 00:13:39.279 district not exceeding ten miles square, as may, by secession 189 00:13:39.360 --> 00:13:43.559 of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the 190 00:13:43.600 --> 00:13:47.559 seat of government of the United States. And to exercise 191 00:13:47.759 --> 00:13:51.399 like authority over all places purchased by the consent of 192 00:13:51.440 --> 00:13:54.720 the legislature of the state, in which the same shall 193 00:13:54.759 --> 00:14:00.320 be for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyard, words, 194 00:14:00.360 --> 00:14:06.000 and other needful buildings. And eighteen eighteen To make all 195 00:14:06.120 --> 00:14:09.639 laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into 196 00:14:09.720 --> 00:14:14.320 execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested by 197 00:14:14.320 --> 00:14:18.080 this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or 198 00:14:18.120 --> 00:14:24.559 in any department or office Thereof Section nine one, the 199 00:14:24.639 --> 00:14:28.320 migration or importation of such persons as any of the 200 00:14:28.360 --> 00:14:32.320 States now existing, shall think proper to admit shall not 201 00:14:32.399 --> 00:14:35.320 be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year eighteen 202 00:14:35.320 --> 00:14:38.600 o eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed 203 00:14:38.679 --> 00:14:44.279 on such importation not exceeding ten dollars for each person. Two. 204 00:14:44.440 --> 00:14:47.639 The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not 205 00:14:47.679 --> 00:14:51.919 be suspended, unless, when in cases of rebellion or invasion, 206 00:14:52.080 --> 00:14:56.720 the public safety may require it. Three. No bill of 207 00:14:56.759 --> 00:15:03.240 attainder or expost facto law shall be passed. Four. No 208 00:15:03.360 --> 00:15:07.159 capitation or other direct tax shall be laid unless in 209 00:15:07.200 --> 00:15:11.840 proportion to the senses or enumeration herein before directed to 210 00:15:11.879 --> 00:15:16.000 be taken. Five. No tax or duties shall be laid 211 00:15:16.039 --> 00:15:20.639 on articles exported from any state. Six. No preference shall 212 00:15:20.679 --> 00:15:24.000 be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to 213 00:15:24.080 --> 00:15:27.600 the ports of one state over those of another, Nor 214 00:15:27.679 --> 00:15:31.679 shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged 215 00:15:31.759 --> 00:15:36.759 to enter, clear or pay duties in another. Seven. No 216 00:15:36.919 --> 00:15:40.080 money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence 217 00:15:40.159 --> 00:15:44.320 of appropriations made by law and a regular statement, an 218 00:15:44.360 --> 00:15:47.879 account of receipts and expenditures of all public money shall 219 00:15:47.960 --> 00:15:52.240 be published from time to time. Eight. No title of 220 00:15:52.320 --> 00:15:55.399 nobility shall be granted by the United States, and no 221 00:15:55.519 --> 00:15:58.879 person holding any office of profit or trust under them, 222 00:15:59.159 --> 00:16:03.159 shall without the consent of the Congress, except of any 223 00:16:03.240 --> 00:16:08.440 present emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from 224 00:16:08.480 --> 00:16:14.879 any King, prince, or foreign state. Section ten One No 225 00:16:15.080 --> 00:16:19.960 State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation, grant 226 00:16:20.039 --> 00:16:24.600 letters of mark and reprisal coin, money, emit bills of credit, 227 00:16:25.080 --> 00:16:28.159 make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in 228 00:16:28.200 --> 00:16:32.320 payment of debts, pass any bill of attainder expost facto 229 00:16:32.440 --> 00:16:37.080 law or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant 230 00:16:37.159 --> 00:16:41.759 any title of nobility. Two. No State shall, without the 231 00:16:41.799 --> 00:16:46.080 consent of Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports 232 00:16:46.159 --> 00:16:50.879 or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing 233 00:16:50.919 --> 00:16:55.120 its inspection laws. And the net produce of all duties 234 00:16:55.120 --> 00:16:58.960 and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports 235 00:16:59.279 --> 00:17:01.440 shall be for the use of the Treasury of the 236 00:17:01.519 --> 00:17:05.720 United States, And all such laws shall be subject to 237 00:17:05.759 --> 00:17:11.440 the revision and control of the Congress. Three. No State shall, 238 00:17:11.640 --> 00:17:15.160 without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, 239 00:17:15.480 --> 00:17:18.640 keep troops or ships of war in times of peace, 240 00:17:19.359 --> 00:17:23.359 enter into any agreement or compact with another state or 241 00:17:23.400 --> 00:17:27.440 with a foreign power, or engage in war unless actually 242 00:17:27.480 --> 00:17:31.599 invaded or in such imminent danger as will not admit 243 00:17:31.680 --> 00:17:39.599 of delay. Article two. Section one One. The executive power 244 00:17:39.680 --> 00:17:42.240 shall be vested in a President of the United States 245 00:17:42.279 --> 00:17:45.359 of America. He shall hold his office during the term 246 00:17:45.400 --> 00:17:48.680 of four years, and together with the vice President chosen 247 00:17:48.720 --> 00:17:53.720 for the same term, be elected as follows. Two. Each 248 00:17:53.759 --> 00:17:57.240 state shall appoint in such a manner as the legislature 249 00:17:57.279 --> 00:18:01.160 thereof may direct a number of elect work equal to 250 00:18:01.200 --> 00:18:04.799 the whole number of senators and representatives to which the 251 00:18:04.880 --> 00:18:08.640 state may be entitled in the Congress. But no senator 252 00:18:08.759 --> 00:18:12.559 or representative, or person holding an office of trust or 253 00:18:12.599 --> 00:18:16.880 profit under the United States shall be appointed an elector. 254 00:18:17.799 --> 00:18:21.440 The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote 255 00:18:21.440 --> 00:18:24.839 by ballot for two persons of whom one at least 256 00:18:25.039 --> 00:18:28.519 shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves, 257 00:18:29.160 --> 00:18:32.000 And they shall make a list of all the persons 258 00:18:32.079 --> 00:18:34.759 voted for, and of the number of votes for each, 259 00:18:35.480 --> 00:18:39.599 which list they shall sign and certify and transmit sealed 260 00:18:39.720 --> 00:18:42.799 to the Seat of Government of the United States, directed 261 00:18:42.839 --> 00:18:46.160 to the President of the Senate. The President of the 262 00:18:46.200 --> 00:18:49.039 Senate shall in the presence of the Senate and the 263 00:18:49.079 --> 00:18:53.240 House of Representatives open all the certificates, and the votes 264 00:18:53.359 --> 00:18:57.119 shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number 265 00:18:57.160 --> 00:19:00.480 of votes shall be the President, if such number be 266 00:19:00.519 --> 00:19:04.359 a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and 267 00:19:04.599 --> 00:19:06.880 if there be more than one who have such a 268 00:19:06.920 --> 00:19:10.440 majority and have an equal number of votes, then the 269 00:19:10.480 --> 00:19:14.599 House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of 270 00:19:14.640 --> 00:19:18.119 them for president. And if no person has a majority, 271 00:19:18.519 --> 00:19:21.720 then from the five highest on the list, the said 272 00:19:21.880 --> 00:19:25.880 House shall in like manner choose the president. But in 273 00:19:25.960 --> 00:19:29.200 choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by the states. 274 00:19:29.640 --> 00:19:33.759 The representation from each state having one vote. A quorum 275 00:19:33.799 --> 00:19:37.119 for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 276 00:19:37.160 --> 00:19:40.200 from two thirds of the states, and a majority of 277 00:19:40.279 --> 00:19:43.920 all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In 278 00:19:44.000 --> 00:19:47.599 every case, after the choice of the president, the person 279 00:19:47.680 --> 00:19:51.039 having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall 280 00:19:51.079 --> 00:19:54.720 be the vice president. But if there should remain two 281 00:19:55.039 --> 00:19:58.279 or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose 282 00:19:58.319 --> 00:20:03.680 from them by ballot VI President. Three. The Congress may 283 00:20:03.759 --> 00:20:07.680 determine the time of choosing the electors and the day 284 00:20:07.759 --> 00:20:10.920 on which they shall give their votes, which day shall 285 00:20:10.960 --> 00:20:15.359 be the same throughout the United States. Four. No person 286 00:20:15.480 --> 00:20:18.920 except a natural worn citizen or a citizen of the 287 00:20:19.039 --> 00:20:21.799 United States at the time of the adoption of this 288 00:20:21.920 --> 00:20:26.680 Constitution shall be eligible to the office of President. Neither 289 00:20:26.799 --> 00:20:30.359 shall any person be eligible to that office who shall 290 00:20:30.400 --> 00:20:33.400 not have attained to the age of thirty five years 291 00:20:33.799 --> 00:20:38.400 and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. Five. 292 00:20:39.240 --> 00:20:42.440 In case of the removal of the President from office, 293 00:20:42.720 --> 00:20:46.680 or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the 294 00:20:46.759 --> 00:20:50.359 powers and duties of the said office, the same shall 295 00:20:50.400 --> 00:20:54.240 devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by 296 00:20:54.319 --> 00:20:59.240 law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, 297 00:20:59.640 --> 00:21:03.119 both of the President and the Vice President, declaring what 298 00:21:03.319 --> 00:21:07.519 officer shall then act as president, and such officers shall 299 00:21:07.519 --> 00:21:11.480 act accordingly until the disability be removed or a president 300 00:21:11.559 --> 00:21:17.039 shall be elected. Six. The President shall at stated times 301 00:21:17.200 --> 00:21:21.240 receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be 302 00:21:21.440 --> 00:21:25.519 increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall 303 00:21:25.559 --> 00:21:29.319 have been elected, And he shall not receive within that 304 00:21:29.440 --> 00:21:33.920 period any other emolument from the United States or any 305 00:21:33.960 --> 00:21:39.039 of them. Seven Before he enters the execution of his office, 306 00:21:39.359 --> 00:21:43.400 he shall take the following oath or affirmation. I do 307 00:21:43.640 --> 00:21:47.799 solemnly swear or affirm that I will faithfully execute the 308 00:21:47.839 --> 00:21:50.599 office of the President of the United States, and will, 309 00:21:50.720 --> 00:21:54.440 to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend 310 00:21:54.519 --> 00:22:00.839 the Constitution of the United States. Section two one. The 311 00:22:00.880 --> 00:22:03.720 President shall be Commander in chief of the Army and 312 00:22:03.839 --> 00:22:07.000 the Navy of the United States, and of the Militia 313 00:22:07.079 --> 00:22:10.480 of the Several States. When called into the actual service 314 00:22:10.559 --> 00:22:14.240 of the United States, he may require the opinion in 315 00:22:14.319 --> 00:22:17.599 writing of the Principal Officer in each of the Executive 316 00:22:17.599 --> 00:22:21.400 Departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their 317 00:22:21.400 --> 00:22:25.759 respective offices. And he shall have power to grant reprieves 318 00:22:25.799 --> 00:22:29.519 and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in 319 00:22:29.599 --> 00:22:34.680 cases of impeachment. Two. He shall have power, by and 320 00:22:34.720 --> 00:22:38.279 with the advice and consent of the Senate to make treaties, 321 00:22:38.519 --> 00:22:42.759 provided two thirds of the Senators present concur and he 322 00:22:42.799 --> 00:22:46.440 shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent 323 00:22:46.519 --> 00:22:51.559 of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, 324 00:22:52.039 --> 00:22:55.519 judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of 325 00:22:55.519 --> 00:22:59.720 the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided 326 00:22:59.759 --> 00:23:03.559 for wars, and which shall be established by law. But 327 00:23:03.640 --> 00:23:07.160 the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such 328 00:23:07.200 --> 00:23:11.319 inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, 329 00:23:11.640 --> 00:23:16.160 in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. Three. 330 00:23:16.720 --> 00:23:19.880 The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies 331 00:23:19.880 --> 00:23:22.720 that may happen during the recess of the Senate by 332 00:23:22.759 --> 00:23:25.880 granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their 333 00:23:25.920 --> 00:23:31.160 next session. Section three. He shall, from time to time 334 00:23:31.440 --> 00:23:34.720 give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, 335 00:23:35.039 --> 00:23:39.000 and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall 336 00:23:39.039 --> 00:23:44.920 judge necessary and expedient. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene 337 00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:48.119 both houses or either of them, And in case of 338 00:23:48.160 --> 00:23:52.039 disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, 339 00:23:52.480 --> 00:23:55.400 he may adjourn them to such time as he shall 340 00:23:55.440 --> 00:23:59.759 think proper. He shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers. 341 00:24:00.240 --> 00:24:03.640 He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, 342 00:24:04.000 --> 00:24:07.559 and shall commission all the officers of the United States. 343 00:24:08.559 --> 00:24:13.720 Section four. The President, vice President, and all civil officers 344 00:24:13.759 --> 00:24:16.680 of the United States shall be removed from office on 345 00:24:16.720 --> 00:24:21.839 impeachment for and on conviction of treason. Bribery or other 346 00:24:21.960 --> 00:24:29.160 high crimes and misdemeanors. Article three. Section one one. The 347 00:24:29.279 --> 00:24:32.359 judicial power of the United States shall be vested in 348 00:24:32.440 --> 00:24:36.720 one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as Congress may, 349 00:24:36.839 --> 00:24:41.319 from time to time ordain and establish. The judges both 350 00:24:41.400 --> 00:24:45.359 of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices 351 00:24:45.440 --> 00:24:49.519 during good behavior, and shall at stated times receive for 352 00:24:49.559 --> 00:24:53.599 their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during 353 00:24:53.640 --> 00:25:00.599 their continuance in office. Section two one. The judicial shall 354 00:25:00.640 --> 00:25:04.640 extend to all cases in law and equity arising under 355 00:25:04.640 --> 00:25:08.799 this Constitution, the laws of the United States and treaties 356 00:25:08.839 --> 00:25:12.720 made or which shall be made under their authority, To 357 00:25:12.839 --> 00:25:17.839 all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls. To 358 00:25:17.960 --> 00:25:22.319 all cases of admiralty jurisdiction, to controversies to which the 359 00:25:22.440 --> 00:25:26.279 United States shall be a party, to controversies between two 360 00:25:26.359 --> 00:25:30.079 or more states, between a state and citizens of another state, 361 00:25:30.599 --> 00:25:34.960 between citizens of different states, between citizens of the same 362 00:25:35.079 --> 00:25:39.480 state claiming lands under grants of different states, And between 363 00:25:39.480 --> 00:25:43.720 a state or the citizens thereof and foreign states, citizens 364 00:25:43.839 --> 00:25:49.960 or subjects. Two. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, 365 00:25:49.960 --> 00:25:52.880 and consuls, and those in which a state shall be 366 00:25:52.920 --> 00:25:57.240 a party. The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In 367 00:25:57.319 --> 00:26:02.240 all other cases before mentioned, dreame Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, 368 00:26:02.759 --> 00:26:06.759 both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and 369 00:26:06.960 --> 00:26:11.799 under such regulations as the Congress shall make. Three, The 370 00:26:11.880 --> 00:26:16.079 trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall 371 00:26:16.119 --> 00:26:19.359 be by jury, and such trial shall be held in 372 00:26:19.400 --> 00:26:22.079 the state where the said crimes shall have been committed, 373 00:26:22.599 --> 00:26:26.119 But when not committed within any state, the trial shall 374 00:26:26.200 --> 00:26:29.279 be at such place or places as the Congress may 375 00:26:29.319 --> 00:26:35.640 by law have directed. Section three One. Treason against the 376 00:26:35.720 --> 00:26:39.640 United States shall consist only in levying war against them, 377 00:26:40.160 --> 00:26:43.839 or in adhering to their enemies giving them aid and comfort. 378 00:26:44.480 --> 00:26:47.480 No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the 379 00:26:47.519 --> 00:26:51.960 testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or 380 00:26:52.079 --> 00:26:56.400 on confession and open court. Two. The Congress shall have 381 00:26:56.480 --> 00:27:00.000 power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attack 382 00:27:00.400 --> 00:27:04.880 of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except 383 00:27:04.960 --> 00:27:11.319 during the life of the person attainted. Article four. Section one, 384 00:27:11.599 --> 00:27:15.039 Full faith and credit shall be given in each state 385 00:27:15.240 --> 00:27:18.680 to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every 386 00:27:18.720 --> 00:27:22.799 other state, and the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe 387 00:27:22.799 --> 00:27:26.359 the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall 388 00:27:26.400 --> 00:27:32.440 be proved, and the effect thereof Section two One. The 389 00:27:32.480 --> 00:27:35.880 citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges 390 00:27:35.920 --> 00:27:40.000 and immunities of citizens in the several states. Two. A 391 00:27:40.079 --> 00:27:44.240 person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, 392 00:27:44.519 --> 00:27:48.359 who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, 393 00:27:48.400 --> 00:27:51.039 on the demand of the executive authority of the state 394 00:27:51.119 --> 00:27:54.480 from which he fled, be delivered up to be removed 395 00:27:54.559 --> 00:27:59.039 to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. Three. No 396 00:27:59.200 --> 00:28:02.640 person held to service or labor in one state under 397 00:28:02.680 --> 00:28:06.960 the laws thereof escaping into another, shall, in consequence of 398 00:28:07.000 --> 00:28:11.319 any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service 399 00:28:11.400 --> 00:28:14.279 or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of 400 00:28:14.319 --> 00:28:18.079 the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 401 00:28:18.680 --> 00:28:23.359