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<v Speaker 1>Get value. You can't argue with at Tesco with their

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<v Speaker 1>amazing club card prices. Serve up something special with our

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<v Speaker 1>finest meal deal for two starring one main, two sides

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<v Speaker 1>and dessert for only sixteen eu ro like succulent board,

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<v Speaker 1>be approved IRUs shined a strip loin Steaks with peppercorn

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<v Speaker 1>butter or delicious Iris Chicken Parmegama served with creamy potato,

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<v Speaker 1>great arm under a mix of rainbow root vegetables, and

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<v Speaker 1>enjoy Goozillionaire or Solder Caramel cheesecake. Can't argue with that

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<v Speaker 1>shop in store or online Tesco. Every little helps available

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<v Speaker 1>to the most stores, prices very and express.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh hey, it's that lady who's both a stranger and

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<v Speaker 2>also your internet dad. Ali Ward back with a light

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<v Speaker 2>and a fluffy episode of ologies. Okay, this is a

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<v Speaker 2>big one. It has been looming overhead since the first

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<v Speaker 2>time I encountered a list of possible ologies. This is

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<v Speaker 2>over a decade ago, and I remember seeing mythology and

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<v Speaker 2>thinking immediately like who does that? Who is one? And

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<v Speaker 2>it was on my mind like a puffy thought bubble

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<v Speaker 2>over my head so much that if you listen to

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<v Speaker 2>the ending theme music, you will hear meteorology apology, so

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<v Speaker 2>of course you know I'm pumped as hell to get

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<v Speaker 2>my head into the clouds for this. But first, per usual,

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<v Speaker 2>thank you to everyone on Patreon supporting the show, and

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<v Speaker 2>to everyone sporting ologies gear from ologiesmarch dot com. And

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<v Speaker 2>if you want to contribute for zero dollars, you can

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<v Speaker 2>just make sure you're subscribed. Just do that. You can

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<v Speaker 2>text like three friends tell them hey, listen to this

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<v Speaker 2>dumb show. You can rate it on Apple Podcasts. You

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<v Speaker 2>can leave a review which keeps it among the NPR

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<v Speaker 2>beasts at the top of the charts. And also, you know,

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<v Speaker 2>I read them all because I'm a creep. And this

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<v Speaker 2>week thank you to alsa O two one nine for

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<v Speaker 2>this one. They said, this podcast is insanely interesting, even

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<v Speaker 2>when the topic is something I don't typically have an

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<v Speaker 2>interest in. Super smart people making super complicated information much

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<v Speaker 2>more accessible. Hopefully these nerds will rule the world because

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<v Speaker 2>they clearly have their shit together more than I do.

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<v Speaker 3>I doubt that.

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<v Speaker 2>Also, two one nine you left a review. You've got

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<v Speaker 2>it together and I appreciate it. Okay, nephology is the

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<v Speaker 2>study of clouds. Okay, this is very much a real word.

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<v Speaker 2>It can mean a scientist of clouds or just someone

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<v Speaker 2>who likes to gaze up and look at the clouds

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<v Speaker 2>and would hug a cloud if they could, and is

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<v Speaker 2>like clouds are tight. Now nef comes from the Greek

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<v Speaker 2>for cloud, straight up. But it is not to be

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<v Speaker 2>confused with the objects of nephrology, which has an R

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<v Speaker 2>in it that means the kidneys, your p organs, which

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<v Speaker 2>we will explore another time, I promise.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay.

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<v Speaker 2>So this ologist, this nephologist I happened upon on Twitter

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<v Speaker 2>and I found out she was based in La a

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<v Speaker 2>million deja horns, and there's a pretty tiny number of

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<v Speaker 2>professional cloud scientists in the world. She says that conferences

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<v Speaker 2>are like family reunions, and she was like, hit me

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<v Speaker 2>up for that cloud chat. Anytime I was thrilled, I

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<v Speaker 2>was nervous. She came over to my house just this

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<v Speaker 2>past week, just this past Friday. This is a lightning

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<v Speaker 2>fast turnaround, folks. We sat on my couch with my

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<v Speaker 2>sleeping indoor raccoon, Grammy, just inches away, and we looked

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<v Speaker 2>out of the atmosphere while we discussed what is a cloud,

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<v Speaker 2>what are they called? And why are chemtrails real? What

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<v Speaker 2>ancient weather adages? Can we actually rely on should you

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<v Speaker 2>chase storms, diamond rain and clouds shaped like everything under

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<v Speaker 2>the sun, along with which emojis are the most annoying

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<v Speaker 2>with atmospheric scientist professional cloud looker at her and nephologist

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<v Speaker 2>doctor Rachel Storer. These are just like microphones. Just told him,

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<v Speaker 2>like this closest yet. Do you know that you are

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<v Speaker 2>a nefologist?

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<v Speaker 3>I didn't until you said that word.

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<v Speaker 2>I was going to ask if people call you a

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<v Speaker 2>nephrologist a lot, but they don't even call you anphologist.

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<v Speaker 3>Oh, nobody calls me that.

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<v Speaker 4>No, some of my friends call me a cloud doctor,

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<v Speaker 4>which I use that one for some of my like

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<v Speaker 4>social media and stuff.

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<v Speaker 3>I just think that sounds neat.

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<v Speaker 2>I call a doctor cloud. How long have you been

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<v Speaker 2>studying clouds or how long? When did you? When did

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<v Speaker 2>this start?

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<v Speaker 4>Oh gosh, well, I mean I've kind of always loved storms,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, Like I grew up in Pennsylvania and we

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<v Speaker 4>would get great thunderstorms in the summer and stuff like that,

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<v Speaker 4>and like my mom and I would sit out in

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<v Speaker 4>the porch and stick your feet out in the rain,

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<v Speaker 4>and you know, count between the thunder and the lightning

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<v Speaker 4>and everything. So I've always been fascinated by it. I remember,

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<v Speaker 4>but like when I was I was probably twelve or

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<v Speaker 4>something like that when Twister came out. Oh Twister, I

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<v Speaker 4>saw that at theaters.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh nice cow. I thought it was Lilia. We got cows.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah. So I think, like a lot of people in

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<v Speaker 4>my field around my age, like that was one of

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<v Speaker 4>those like, Oh my gosh, this movie is amazing. And

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<v Speaker 4>then right around that time, TLC used to have all

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<v Speaker 4>these about tornadoes and tornado chasing and all this stuff,

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<v Speaker 4>and I was like, what, like this could be my

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<v Speaker 4>job is to like study storms.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 4>So yeah, My undergrad was in meteorology, and then I

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<v Speaker 4>did atmospheric science for grad school and I've been doing

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<v Speaker 4>that ever since.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh my gosh, Okay, how much of a cloud badass

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<v Speaker 2>is Rachel Well? She is an author on paper such

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<v Speaker 2>as effects of convective microphysics, paramidization on large scale cloud

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<v Speaker 2>hydrological cycle and radiate a budget in tropical and mid

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<v Speaker 2>latitude convected regions. And she got her bachelor's in meteorology

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<v Speaker 2>from Penn State, which is a big weather school, and

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<v Speaker 2>did a summer project about aerosols. What the hell is

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<v Speaker 2>an aerosol? You're asking, well, I asked Google for us.

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<v Speaker 2>And it's a teeny tiny thing that floats in the

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<v Speaker 2>air or some other gas. And it can be a

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<v Speaker 2>solid or a liquid like dust or water, or pollutants

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<v Speaker 2>or geyser mist or snot droplets, which, by the way,

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<v Speaker 2>the latter are called bio aerosols. So if someone sneezes

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<v Speaker 2>on you and apologize to say aerosol, good man, just kidding,

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<v Speaker 2>that's disgusting. Please cover your mouth, no offense. Now, she

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<v Speaker 2>got a degree in meteorology, but there are lots of

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<v Speaker 2>topics under the meteorology umbrella. If you will, I'm sorry.

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<v Speaker 2>And she ended up getting her master's and PhD in

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<v Speaker 2>atmospheric science in Colorado, And part of that was just

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<v Speaker 2>a really lucky link between that summer project she.

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<v Speaker 4>Did, and so when I went to Colorado State for

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<v Speaker 4>grad school, it turned out that the woman who I

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<v Speaker 4>was working with, she was doing research into how aerosol's

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<v Speaker 4>affect storms.

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<v Speaker 3>There you go.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, living in la we get like four clouds a year.

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<v Speaker 2>I know, how do you feel about that? It's really sad.

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<v Speaker 4>I've gotten to the point where I can get like

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<v Speaker 4>really psyched by like drizzle, you know.

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<v Speaker 2>Your standards just go lower.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, yeah, you gotta take what you can get.

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<v Speaker 2>Just side note for context. LA does not have a

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<v Speaker 2>lot of clouds. Let's get to the nitty gritty. What

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<v Speaker 2>the fuck is a cloud? What is it?

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<v Speaker 4>It's water in the air, it is It is a

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<v Speaker 4>lot of water in the air. Okay, So if you

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<v Speaker 4>like look at just a regular cloud, I think I'm

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<v Speaker 4>going to probably get the numbers wrong, but it's literally

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<v Speaker 4>can be like a ton of water in a cloud.

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<v Speaker 3>But the droplets are just so so.

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<v Speaker 4>Small, and you know, they just can like hang out

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<v Speaker 4>there in the air and the light reflects off of them,

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<v Speaker 4>and there's enough of them that we see it as

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<v Speaker 4>white or gray or whatever.

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<v Speaker 2>So you are looking at a cloud and you're like,

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<v Speaker 2>it's puffy, it's light, it's in the air, and it's

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<v Speaker 2>just an absolute shit ton of water yeah, above your head.

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<v Speaker 2>And the reason it's a cloud and not a puddle

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<v Speaker 2>is I don't know.

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<v Speaker 4>Well, so all the droplets are really small, I mean

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<v Speaker 4>literally like tens of microns across it is a cloud droplet,

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<v Speaker 4>And so it's just so light, it has so little

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<v Speaker 4>mass that just like the little bits of air moving

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<v Speaker 4>up and around are enough to sort of keep it

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<v Speaker 4>in place, and so it's you know, it's not until

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<v Speaker 4>the drop gets big enough, until it forms like a

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<v Speaker 4>rain droplet, that it's sort of heavy enough to fall

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<v Speaker 4>on it.

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<v Speaker 2>Zwe So there is a tipping point obviously in clouds

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<v Speaker 2>where there's enough water vapor that condenses, where the droplets

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<v Speaker 2>can't be buoyed by the air underneath it.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, sort of like eventually there's just enough water and

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<v Speaker 4>you know, the more water you have in a cloud,

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<v Speaker 4>the more the water is gonna bump against other water

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<v Speaker 4>droplets and they start to stick together. And you know,

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<v Speaker 4>water vaple condense directly onto water droplets and they'll grow

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<v Speaker 4>as long as it's moist enough, and then yeah, eventually

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<v Speaker 4>the drops will get big enough that they'll fall.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh okay, so let's talk about shapes of clouds.

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<v Speaker 4>Okay, the sort of two main type set are stratus

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<v Speaker 4>and cumulus, And so the sort of difference there is

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<v Speaker 4>that cumulus clouds are convective, which means that they form

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<v Speaker 4>because there's air that's sort of warmer than its surroundings

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<v Speaker 4>and it bubbles up like like you would have bubbles

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<v Speaker 4>and boiling water or whatever. You just you have air

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<v Speaker 4>that bubbles up, and so that's sort of why they

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<v Speaker 4>tend to be like poofy and bumpy on the top

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<v Speaker 4>and stuff like that.

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<v Speaker 3>Sky's always has a little fluffy clouds.

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<v Speaker 4>And those are the ones that tend to if you're

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<v Speaker 4>gonna have storms that those are convective clouds, or you'll

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<v Speaker 4>just get like the little sort of one of my

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<v Speaker 4>friends calls them the Simpsons clouds.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, I was gonna ask about that, Like, it's funny.

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<v Speaker 2>If I ever see a really puffy cumulus cloud, I

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<v Speaker 2>instantly think of this.

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<v Speaker 4>Up.

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<v Speaker 2>So those are the puffy, fluffy cotton candy clouds or

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<v Speaker 2>the cumulus. And then there's this stratus.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, so stratus literally the word like strata means layer.

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<v Speaker 4>So stratus clouds are generally layered, which means that they're

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<v Speaker 4>sort of forming from sort of a larger area that's

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<v Speaker 4>rising a lot more slowly. So like over the ocean,

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<v Speaker 4>where things are generally sort of similar everywhere, then you

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<v Speaker 4>tend to get like strata cumulus over the ocean. Or

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<v Speaker 4>if it's like a really rainy, drizzly day a lot

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<v Speaker 4>of times that will be like there'll be like a

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<v Speaker 4>front coming through that's sort of larger, and so there's

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<v Speaker 4>you know, a big air mass that's just sort of

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<v Speaker 4>moving slowly up and so you get sort of these flat,

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<v Speaker 4>sort of layered clouds.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh so it's like a pancake is a stratus cloud

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<v Speaker 2>and a cumulus is a muffin. Yes, okay, yeah, I'll

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<v Speaker 2>take it. And then I guess maybe would a strato

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<v Speaker 2>cumulus be like a waffle?

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<v Speaker 3>Sure?

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, why not? So hungry? And so then okay, what

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<v Speaker 2>are some other types of clouds? Like what is a

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<v Speaker 2>like a pyroclastic cloud or a lenticular? Like what are

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<v Speaker 2>all these terms?

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<v Speaker 4>So pyrocumulus clouds are really cool and also terrifying and

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<v Speaker 4>kind of sad because they're what happens when you have

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<v Speaker 4>fire pyro Right, So pyrocumulus is basically when you get

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<v Speaker 4>so much heat from the fire that it forces convection

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<v Speaker 4>on its own ps.

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<v Speaker 2>Why should anyone care about the meaning of convection when

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<v Speaker 2>it's not being used to describe an oven that's making

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<v Speaker 2>me cookies. Well, convection just means a circular current or

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<v Speaker 2>gas or liquid is less dense and it rises, and

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<v Speaker 2>then the cooler stuff is more dense and it falls.

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<v Speaker 2>And this happens in weather patterns a bunch because the

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<v Speaker 2>surface of the earth is warm, so it heats air,

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<v Speaker 2>that air rises, and then the cooler air above it

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<v Speaker 2>falls like that gets heated by the earth that rises,

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<v Speaker 2>et cetera, et cetera, which, let's be honest, is almost

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<v Speaker 2>as cool as cookies. That's pretty interesting. Now. Pyrocumulus or

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<v Speaker 2>phlammogenitus clouds have terrible names, but they look like fluffy, puffy, billowy,

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<v Speaker 2>pillowy steam clouds.

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<v Speaker 4>I'm talking steamy and so you get these are like

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<v Speaker 4>really strong, like really crazy colorflowery, convectiony sort of clouds

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<v Speaker 4>that form. I mean, I've seen them here over the

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<v Speaker 4>mountains sometimes occasionally when we've gone bad fires. And if

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<v Speaker 4>you look at like right now, if you look at

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<v Speaker 4>like satellite imagery over Australia, you can see pyrocumulus clouds.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, what about a lenticular cloud?

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<v Speaker 4>But plenticular clouds are awesome, Okay, we don't get them

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<v Speaker 4>a lot around here. Sometimes if you drive a little

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<v Speaker 4>bit farther east towards the mountains, you can see them.

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<v Speaker 4>But a lenticular cloud is a wave cloud, so it

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<v Speaker 4>forms when air is forced over a mountain and the air.

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<v Speaker 4>So if the air atmosphere in general is kind of stable,

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<v Speaker 4>then when air goes up, it'll sort of go back

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<v Speaker 4>down again, and it'll go sort of up and down

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<v Speaker 4>in like this like large wave, and in the parts

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<v Speaker 4>where goes up, a cloud will form if you know,

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<v Speaker 4>conditions are right, and.

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<v Speaker 3>So you get sort of this.

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<v Speaker 4>There are these people call them like ufo clouds. A

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<v Speaker 4>lot of times they have almost this upho shape to

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<v Speaker 4>them because they just form in the little top part

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<v Speaker 4>of this wave, and so you get all these really

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<v Speaker 4>cool and sometimes they build up on top of each other.

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<v Speaker 4>When I lived in Colorado, we used to get the

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<v Speaker 4>most amazing lenticular clouds. And also, like you if you

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<v Speaker 4>ever look at like pictures of like Mountaineer and Washington,

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<v Speaker 4>sometimes they'll form like on top of the mountain and

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<v Speaker 4>it'll get this like a really cool like layered It's

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<v Speaker 4>hard to describe with just words, but.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, I'm going to look it up. Yeah, y'all, are

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<v Speaker 2>you sitting, Have you seen a lenticular cloud? They look

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<v Speaker 2>like sky pancakes or UFOs or like stacks of hanuka gelt.

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<v Speaker 2>And the word lenticular comes from lens shaped like a

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<v Speaker 2>bulging disc of a lens. Also the word lens. Are

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<v Speaker 2>you even capable of dealing with this right now? I

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<v Speaker 2>don't think you are. It comes from the Latin for lentil,

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<v Speaker 2>So these giant disc like clouds are like big lentil pillows.

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<v Speaker 2>And I'll be honest, I think I just crossed the

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<v Speaker 2>line to wanting to join the Cloud Appreciation Society, which

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<v Speaker 2>is a real thing. And side note, they published a

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<v Speaker 2>book called Cloud Spotting, which is just a bunch of

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<v Speaker 2>cool cloud photos and descriptions. So if you too have

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<v Speaker 2>ever stopped to snap a photo of a cloud, there's

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<v Speaker 2>a place for us on this earth. How many cloud

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<v Speaker 2>pictures do you have on your phone? Like? So many?

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<v Speaker 3>Oh? So many? Really?

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<v Speaker 4>Oh yeah?

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<v Speaker 2>Do you when you're driving have you ever pulled over

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<v Speaker 2>to take pictures of weather?

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<v Speaker 4>I mean, I've been storm chasing, which is a whole

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<v Speaker 4>different story in terms of driving and pulling over and

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<v Speaker 4>looking at weather.

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<v Speaker 2>Wait, when did you go storm chasing?

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<v Speaker 4>Oh?

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<v Speaker 3>When I live in Colorado?

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<v Speaker 2>But what does that involve?

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<v Speaker 3>Chasing storms?

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<v Speaker 2>Do you know if it's going to be safe to

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<v Speaker 2>do so? Are you are you running? You're running obviously

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<v Speaker 2>toward it, not away from right toward it.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, well, ideally you sort of place yourself in the

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<v Speaker 4>right positions that it will like go just past you

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<v Speaker 4>so that you can watch it.

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<v Speaker 2>And does that involve lightning and thunder and also rain?

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<v Speaker 3>Oh yeah, everything?

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I mean ideally tornadoes, but it's hard to find

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<v Speaker 4>a tornado.

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<v Speaker 2>Ideally tornadoes. That sentence not said often.

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<v Speaker 4>I'm sure, Well, you know we're sort of a special breed. No,

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<v Speaker 4>what aren't no other people who study clouds? What are

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<v Speaker 4>you guys doing when you're studying clouds? What does it

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<v Speaker 4>mean to be a cloud doctor? My research specifically is,

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<v Speaker 4>like I said, on sort of storms cumulatimbus deep convective clouds.

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<v Speaker 3>However you want to name them.

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<v Speaker 4>And I look at a lot of like basic things

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<v Speaker 4>about how much water is moving around in the storm

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<v Speaker 4>within the sort of main updraft of the storm and

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<v Speaker 4>then out of the top into the anvil clouds, and

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<v Speaker 4>trying to understand how the environment impacts that. So if

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<v Speaker 4>it's you know, if it's warmer, or if it's moisture,

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<v Speaker 4>and like certain layers of the atmosphere, how does that

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<v Speaker 4>feedback onto how the storm behaves?

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<v Speaker 2>Now, does that help people understand just general meteorology and

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<v Speaker 2>like weather prediction.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, so it's sort of it's it's sort of this

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<v Speaker 4>basic fundamental stuff that I'm into, which is for me

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<v Speaker 4>just I love to answer the questions about it. And

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<v Speaker 4>then yeah, ideally if I learned something worthwhile, then it

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<v Speaker 4>could help make models better for prediction or for climate

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<v Speaker 4>models or whatever.

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<v Speaker 2>Do you trust forecasts?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah you do?

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, Yeah, our forecasts are actually really good out to

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<v Speaker 4>a few days, and they've gotten you know, there's specific

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<v Speaker 4>ways people score them and stuff like that, and they've

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<v Speaker 4>gotten better over the years, even like if you look

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<v Speaker 4>at like, I don't know, something like twenty years ago,

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<v Speaker 4>like a fort day forecast now is as good as

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<v Speaker 4>a three day forecast was then or something like that.

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<v Speaker 4>Like we've gotten even better as we've gotten better models

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<v Speaker 4>and more compute power and things like that.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you mentioned nimbus and anvil clouds.

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<v Speaker 3>What are those?

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 3>So nimbus means rain, Oh it does.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I never knew that. I did not know that. Okay, Wow,

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<v Speaker 2>that's that's amazing.

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<v Speaker 4>Okay, So cumulo nimbus is like a thunderstorm basically. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 4>that's and then anvil clouds are so literally like the

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<v Speaker 4>top of the troposphere is called the tropopause, and then

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<v Speaker 4>above that is the stratosphere, and that layer of that

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<v Speaker 4>transition is really really stable, so air that goes up

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<v Speaker 4>can't really go farther than that. And so when you

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<v Speaker 4>have a storm cloud that goes up, it goes to

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<v Speaker 4>the tropopause, and the air doesn't have anywhere to go.

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<v Speaker 4>The clouds don't have anywhere to go, and so they

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<v Speaker 4>spread out and that's where and it's they're called anvil

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<v Speaker 4>clouds because if you look at the cheape of them

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<v Speaker 4>where they sort of like peek out and point out or.

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<v Speaker 3>Whatever, they look sort of like an anvil. Oh my god, eh.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, quick aside. I looked them up, and these thunderstorms

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<v Speaker 2>do in fact look like anvils. And their full name

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<v Speaker 2>is cumulonimbus incus, and the cumulo means heaped, so they're

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<v Speaker 2>like a bunch of heaps of whipped cream, and the

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<v Speaker 2>nimbus means rainstorm and incas in Latin, just means anville.

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<v Speaker 2>So when this rising air hits the tropopause, that's the

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<v Speaker 2>boundary between the lowest level of our atmosphere and the

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<v Speaker 2>next level stratosphere. So the cloud hits that, and it's like,

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<v Speaker 2>oh shit, shoot, that's a ceiling. Okay, I'm just gonna

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<v Speaker 2>casually fan out. I'm gonna act normal. Hopefully nobody noticed.

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<v Speaker 2>It doesn't even know how cool it is. How does

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<v Speaker 2>a cloud even form?

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<v Speaker 4>You need the sort of basics that you need our

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<v Speaker 4>moisture and something for the moisture to condense onto, and

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<v Speaker 4>you need rising motion. So if you have air that's

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<v Speaker 4>rising for some reason, like for a convective cloud, it's

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<v Speaker 4>because you have you know, sort of warm air that

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<v Speaker 4>gets like buoyant, it's warmed than they are around it.

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<v Speaker 4>Or like I said, if you have air that's moving

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<v Speaker 4>over front or over a mountain, then when the air

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<v Speaker 4>moves up, as air goes up, the pressure goes down

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<v Speaker 4>and therefore the air gets colder. That's like ideal gas

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<v Speaker 4>la basic sort of stuff.

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<v Speaker 2>The ideal gas los side note is an equation and

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<v Speaker 2>it's PV equals NRT. Now p is the pressure of

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<v Speaker 2>the gas times the volume taken up by the gas,

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<v Speaker 2>and those multiplied equal its temperature times the gas constant

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<v Speaker 2>times the number of moles of the gas. What's my point?

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<v Speaker 2>My point is a professional mythologist does all kinds of

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<v Speaker 2>computer modeling and physics and stuff on a whiteboard and

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<v Speaker 2>doesn't just get to stare at the sky and say,

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<v Speaker 2>it's a chill fucking cloud.

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<v Speaker 3>Man.

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<v Speaker 2>It's funny that something so beautiful that we see every

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<v Speaker 2>day is so complicated, you know what I mean?

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<v Speaker 4>And that's part of what I love about it, right,

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<v Speaker 4>I'm like, Okay, due point, saturation, vapor pressure.

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<v Speaker 3>You don't want to hear these things.

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<v Speaker 4>Those are great, those are great points. Okay, So you've

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<v Speaker 4>heard the due point. So the due point is the

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<v Speaker 4>temperature at which water would condense given the amount of

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<v Speaker 4>moisture that's currently in the air. Right, So the higher

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<v Speaker 4>the due point, the more humid it is.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay.

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<v Speaker 4>So as you raise air, it gets cooler, and so

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<v Speaker 4>eventually it'll get to where it equals the due point

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<v Speaker 4>of that sort of bit of air that's rising, okay,

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<v Speaker 4>and so at that point condensation can happen.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh okay, Okay, so quick recap. The due point is

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<v Speaker 2>the temperature that water would start to condense, and a

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<v Speaker 2>fifty degree due point is pretty comfy, but a seventy

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00:19:18.799 --> 00:19:23.039
<v Speaker 2>degree due point is just getting into swamp bottom territory. Now,

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00:19:23.079 --> 00:19:26.359
<v Speaker 2>living in La this due point info was new to me.

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<v Speaker 2>I had not the foggiest idea. And when does something

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<v Speaker 2>become a cloud if it's foggy? If you know what

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, is fog a cloud?

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00:19:35.279 --> 00:19:36.039
<v Speaker 3>Foggy is a cloud?

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<v Speaker 4>Fog is just a cloud that's touching the ground.

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<v Speaker 3>Cool, literally all it is?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, how far does it have to go before it's

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<v Speaker 2>a cloud? Just above your head like it is a cloud?

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<v Speaker 2>Is that a philosophical or a meteorological question?

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<v Speaker 4>I mean, I think it's it's one of those like

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<v Speaker 4>fuzzy things because if it's funny like I you know,

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<v Speaker 4>if you fly through a cloud, right, like when are

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<v Speaker 4>you in the cloud?

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<v Speaker 3>And when are you not in the cloud?

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<v Speaker 2>Right?

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<v Speaker 4>Because there's like all these little water droplets and at

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<v Speaker 4>some point it's enough that you can see it, but

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<v Speaker 4>if you look at it with like a light r

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<v Speaker 4>there's a lot more that you can't see because it's

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<v Speaker 4>just too small or too sparse or whatever.

425
00:20:14.839 --> 00:20:15.039
<v Speaker 1>You know.

426
00:20:15.119 --> 00:20:17.039
<v Speaker 3>So at what point is it a cloud versus not

427
00:20:17.079 --> 00:20:17.400
<v Speaker 3>a cloud?

428
00:20:17.480 --> 00:20:17.559
<v Speaker 5>Right?

429
00:20:17.559 --> 00:20:20.960
<v Speaker 4>It's not like there's weird hard boundaries, right, so you know,

430
00:20:21.279 --> 00:20:24.559
<v Speaker 4>touching the ground versus not like you.

431
00:20:24.519 --> 00:20:25.599
<v Speaker 3>Know, give a wiggle room.

432
00:20:25.759 --> 00:20:28.279
<v Speaker 2>Okay, what is it like for you when you're flying

433
00:20:28.480 --> 00:20:31.480
<v Speaker 2>and you fly through clouds and you like burst through

434
00:20:31.519 --> 00:20:34.559
<v Speaker 2>and you're like not, ah, Like, what is is that

435
00:20:34.599 --> 00:20:36.880
<v Speaker 2>always a more fun for you? Are you always like

436
00:20:36.920 --> 00:20:39.440
<v Speaker 2>on the window seat? I like the window seat a lot.

437
00:20:39.519 --> 00:20:41.240
<v Speaker 2>I try to I try to plan it depending on

438
00:20:41.279 --> 00:20:43.519
<v Speaker 2>what time my flight is. Oh yeah, Like if if

439
00:20:43.559 --> 00:20:45.200
<v Speaker 2>I'm flying in like the middle of the day, I'm

440
00:20:45.200 --> 00:20:46.880
<v Speaker 2>going to try for the window seat for sure. If

441
00:20:46.880 --> 00:20:48.400
<v Speaker 2>I'm like flying over the middle of the country so

442
00:20:48.440 --> 00:20:50.839
<v Speaker 2>I can see some storms, otherwise I'll I'll do the

443
00:20:50.839 --> 00:20:51.599
<v Speaker 2>aisle because.

444
00:20:51.400 --> 00:20:52.160
<v Speaker 3>I like to bee a lot.

445
00:20:53.240 --> 00:20:56.039
<v Speaker 2>I like I'm well hydrated. So if it's a nighttime thing.

446
00:20:56.720 --> 00:20:59.400
<v Speaker 2>What Why do clouds cause so much turbulence?

447
00:21:00.720 --> 00:21:03.000
<v Speaker 4>Because where there's clouds, it means that there's a lot

448
00:21:03.039 --> 00:21:05.680
<v Speaker 4>of air moving around. It's sort of a chicken and

449
00:21:05.720 --> 00:21:08.839
<v Speaker 4>egg thing because you know you're gonna have more clouds

450
00:21:08.839 --> 00:21:13.119
<v Speaker 4>where there's air going up, but also clouds themselves because

451
00:21:13.160 --> 00:21:17.079
<v Speaker 4>there's sort of evaporation and condensation happening. It's like you're

452
00:21:17.119 --> 00:21:19.759
<v Speaker 4>going over little waves in the ocean almost right where

453
00:21:20.119 --> 00:21:22.559
<v Speaker 4>if you if you are in a pocket of air

454
00:21:22.680 --> 00:21:26.000
<v Speaker 4>that goes down pretty quickly, then the plane will get

455
00:21:26.039 --> 00:21:27.200
<v Speaker 4>forced down a little bit right.

456
00:21:27.359 --> 00:21:30.440
<v Speaker 2>Have you ever seen people during minor turbulence freaking out

457
00:21:30.440 --> 00:21:32.000
<v Speaker 2>and you want to just be like, yo, I'm a

458
00:21:32.039 --> 00:21:34.920
<v Speaker 2>cloud doctor. Is there a cloud doctor on this plane?

459
00:21:34.960 --> 00:21:37.759
<v Speaker 2>You're like, I am, and it's gonna be fine.

460
00:21:38.240 --> 00:21:41.640
<v Speaker 4>I am careful about whether I tell people what I

461
00:21:41.680 --> 00:21:42.079
<v Speaker 4>do or not.

462
00:21:42.359 --> 00:21:44.000
<v Speaker 3>Really sometimes on the plane.

463
00:21:44.400 --> 00:21:46.880
<v Speaker 2>What kind of questions do strangers ask you the most?

464
00:21:47.440 --> 00:21:47.839
<v Speaker 1>Oh?

465
00:21:47.880 --> 00:21:51.839
<v Speaker 4>Well, I get like, I get like ridiculous, like conspiracy

466
00:21:51.880 --> 00:21:54.200
<v Speaker 4>theory things like people are all about chem trails.

467
00:21:54.440 --> 00:21:58.000
<v Speaker 3>There's something I believe in, calmly in keem trails. I

468
00:21:58.039 --> 00:21:58.759
<v Speaker 3>have seen them.

469
00:21:59.359 --> 00:22:02.599
<v Speaker 2>I know they're I've seen camtrails. Let's break it down.

470
00:22:02.839 --> 00:22:04.519
<v Speaker 2>I was gonna ask you about that. I mean, cam

471
00:22:04.599 --> 00:22:09.680
<v Speaker 2>trails are definitely chemicals that are being spread by the government. Yeah,

472
00:22:09.720 --> 00:22:12.640
<v Speaker 2>to make us stupid, right, Yeah, they help they.

473
00:22:12.680 --> 00:22:15.200
<v Speaker 4>Like read our minds and you know, yeah, they make

474
00:22:15.319 --> 00:22:17.680
<v Speaker 4>us like docile.

475
00:22:19.279 --> 00:22:22.000
<v Speaker 2>Oh cool, And that's what I thought. No, what people

476
00:22:22.119 --> 00:22:25.440
<v Speaker 2>do think that about when they see contrails from jets?

477
00:22:25.519 --> 00:22:26.960
<v Speaker 3>Right mm hmm yep.

478
00:22:27.079 --> 00:22:28.559
<v Speaker 4>And then you'll see these you can go down a

479
00:22:28.640 --> 00:22:30.839
<v Speaker 4>rabbit hole of like YouTube videos where people just like

480
00:22:31.240 --> 00:22:33.359
<v Speaker 4>we'll post like any picture of a cloud that looks

481
00:22:33.400 --> 00:22:36.200
<v Speaker 4>like at all weird, and they'll be like, see it's proof.

482
00:22:36.920 --> 00:22:38.079
<v Speaker 2>And that's the cam trail.

483
00:22:42.119 --> 00:22:42.720
<v Speaker 5>Wow.

484
00:22:43.279 --> 00:22:46.799
<v Speaker 2>Do you look for faces in clouds or is that

485
00:22:46.880 --> 00:22:48.839
<v Speaker 2>something that you abandoned as a child. Do you still

486
00:22:48.839 --> 00:22:51.559
<v Speaker 2>look for u shapes and clouds.

487
00:22:52.400 --> 00:22:54.400
<v Speaker 4>I don't really go out of my way too. I mean,

488
00:22:54.440 --> 00:22:56.359
<v Speaker 4>if I see it, i'll you know, take note of

489
00:22:56.359 --> 00:22:58.640
<v Speaker 4>it or whatever. But I tend to I mean I

490
00:22:58.640 --> 00:23:01.039
<v Speaker 4>tend to just sort of like dare agog at them,

491
00:23:01.079 --> 00:23:02.400
<v Speaker 4>you know, just like, oh, it's so pretty.

492
00:23:03.640 --> 00:23:05.720
<v Speaker 2>So we sat on my couch staring at the sky

493
00:23:06.079 --> 00:23:10.440
<v Speaker 2>which was hazy with stripy things in it. They were

494
00:23:10.440 --> 00:23:15.039
<v Speaker 2>probably Stratus or cumulus. Right, what is the what are

495
00:23:15.039 --> 00:23:16.200
<v Speaker 2>these today? These are Stratus?

496
00:23:16.240 --> 00:23:17.039
<v Speaker 3>Those are serious?

497
00:23:17.359 --> 00:23:18.240
<v Speaker 2>What the fuck is it?

498
00:23:18.359 --> 00:23:22.880
<v Speaker 3>Cerrus? So serious? Is really high up? Basically? Oh yeah.

499
00:23:23.119 --> 00:23:26.559
<v Speaker 4>So there's sort of like three kind of like levels

500
00:23:27.839 --> 00:23:29.680
<v Speaker 4>that we sort of think about in terms of like

501
00:23:29.880 --> 00:23:33.720
<v Speaker 4>the heights of the clouds or whatever. And so the

502
00:23:33.960 --> 00:23:36.759
<v Speaker 4>higher up ones are serious, the middle ones are like Alto,

503
00:23:36.920 --> 00:23:41.119
<v Speaker 4>so we have like Alto Stratus or whatever, and then

504
00:23:41.160 --> 00:23:43.039
<v Speaker 4>the low ones are like just like the stratus or

505
00:23:43.079 --> 00:23:44.880
<v Speaker 4>cumulus or you know, things like that.

506
00:23:45.240 --> 00:23:48.119
<v Speaker 2>So you can tack on a prefix to tell you

507
00:23:48.200 --> 00:23:49.200
<v Speaker 2>where in the sky it is.

508
00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:52.119
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I mean yeah, if you look at like the

509
00:23:52.160 --> 00:23:54.720
<v Speaker 4>actual you could find like there's like a cloud appreciation

510
00:23:54.799 --> 00:23:57.880
<v Speaker 4>society that has there's like all sorts of different Yeah.

511
00:23:58.160 --> 00:24:01.079
<v Speaker 4>The names get like reach in terms of like how

512
00:24:01.119 --> 00:24:03.119
<v Speaker 4>specific it gets for different kinds of clouds.

513
00:24:03.160 --> 00:24:04.279
<v Speaker 3>I cannot keep track.

514
00:24:04.799 --> 00:24:06.440
<v Speaker 2>Okay, so let me pause for a minute just to

515
00:24:06.480 --> 00:24:09.279
<v Speaker 2>tell you that she is not kidding. If you have

516
00:24:09.359 --> 00:24:12.880
<v Speaker 2>ever stared into the mirror loathing yourself for not knowing

517
00:24:13.000 --> 00:24:16.400
<v Speaker 2>what different cloud names mean, call your therapist and tell

518
00:24:16.480 --> 00:24:18.920
<v Speaker 2>him you're healed, because guess what, you are not alone.

519
00:24:19.160 --> 00:24:24.839
<v Speaker 2>Cloud names. They're numerous, and they're long, and they're confusing,

520
00:24:25.079 --> 00:24:29.519
<v Speaker 2>like not even a rare professional nephologist can grasp them all.

521
00:24:29.599 --> 00:24:31.839
<v Speaker 2>But I am here to lead us through the haze.

522
00:24:31.960 --> 00:24:34.640
<v Speaker 2>So first off, let's all pour little fog juice on

523
00:24:34.640 --> 00:24:37.480
<v Speaker 2>the ground for the late Luke Howard. He was a

524
00:24:37.599 --> 00:24:42.799
<v Speaker 2>nineteenth century botanist turned meteorologist who conceived of this system

525
00:24:42.880 --> 00:24:47.359
<v Speaker 2>of cloud nominenclature. The dude loved clouds and he published

526
00:24:47.400 --> 00:24:51.000
<v Speaker 2>this opus, the Essay on the Modification of Clouds in

527
00:24:51.119 --> 00:24:54.400
<v Speaker 2>eighteen oh three, and in it he was like, hey, clouds.

528
00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:57.680
<v Speaker 2>Clouds are not just water vapor in this guy blown

529
00:24:57.880 --> 00:25:01.200
<v Speaker 2>willy nilly by the winds, all right, come from the

530
00:25:01.279 --> 00:25:04.519
<v Speaker 2>Earth's temperature and all kinds of factors. We need to

531
00:25:04.519 --> 00:25:07.119
<v Speaker 2>come correct and have a naming system for them. Have

532
00:25:07.160 --> 00:25:09.759
<v Speaker 2>a lot of respect for clouds. So he turned to

533
00:25:09.880 --> 00:25:13.960
<v Speaker 2>Latin roots, and hence high clouds are serrus and that

534
00:25:14.039 --> 00:25:17.440
<v Speaker 2>means curl or hair. And they're way up there, and

535
00:25:17.480 --> 00:25:20.839
<v Speaker 2>they're pretty chilly. They're made of super cold water vapor

536
00:25:21.240 --> 00:25:25.119
<v Speaker 2>or even ice crystals. And the middle clouds are alto,

537
00:25:25.599 --> 00:25:29.880
<v Speaker 2>which means high, and low clouds are stratus, meaning layer.

538
00:25:30.400 --> 00:25:32.680
<v Speaker 2>Now why is alto in the middle? I don't know.

539
00:25:32.839 --> 00:25:35.759
<v Speaker 2>Why does Starbucks call a small a tall?

540
00:25:35.839 --> 00:25:36.599
<v Speaker 3>Beats me, dudes?

541
00:25:36.799 --> 00:25:39.039
<v Speaker 2>And actually, you know what I swear looking at this

542
00:25:39.119 --> 00:25:43.079
<v Speaker 2>cloud naming is less complicated than a Starbucks order, and

543
00:25:43.279 --> 00:25:46.480
<v Speaker 2>just like a lata, you can customize. So the Howard method,

544
00:25:46.519 --> 00:25:49.240
<v Speaker 2>remember he's the granddaddy of clouds, has a bunch of

545
00:25:49.359 --> 00:25:54.960
<v Speaker 2>sub sub categories, like cumulus, which means heapy whipped cream clouds.

546
00:25:55.359 --> 00:25:59.759
<v Speaker 2>Stratus can mean low or sheet like either one whatever.

547
00:26:00.279 --> 00:26:04.319
<v Speaker 2>Nimbo stratus, for example, is a low rain cloud. Before

548
00:26:04.359 --> 00:26:09.240
<v Speaker 2>you know it, strato Cumulus stratiformist Translucidus ungulatis. It's as

549
00:26:09.319 --> 00:26:13.160
<v Speaker 2>familiar and soothing as a triple ventige sugar free oat

550
00:26:13.160 --> 00:26:16.680
<v Speaker 2>milk caramel macchiato. You're like, I get it. Also shout

551
00:26:16.720 --> 00:26:20.759
<v Speaker 2>out to the Kelvin Helmholtz clouds, which look super oceanic

552
00:26:21.119 --> 00:26:24.680
<v Speaker 2>like cartoons of the sea. They look exactly like the

553
00:26:24.720 --> 00:26:27.759
<v Speaker 2>Billabong logo. I swear, but it's not sponsored by Billabong.

554
00:26:28.079 --> 00:26:31.079
<v Speaker 2>Let's just debunk that right now. Now, what other myths

555
00:26:31.160 --> 00:26:32.839
<v Speaker 2>are floating around out there?

556
00:26:33.240 --> 00:26:35.759
<v Speaker 4>One thing that I get picky about is that the

557
00:26:35.759 --> 00:26:37.799
<v Speaker 4>bottom of clouds is generally pretty flat.

558
00:26:38.039 --> 00:26:40.000
<v Speaker 3>So if you look at sort of like a field of.

559
00:26:39.920 --> 00:26:42.680
<v Speaker 4>Like cumulus clouds, like sort of the we call them

560
00:26:42.680 --> 00:26:44.799
<v Speaker 4>fair weather cumulus, just sort of like the nice little

561
00:26:44.839 --> 00:26:47.720
<v Speaker 4>puffy Simpson's clouds, they generally will have like a pretty

562
00:26:47.720 --> 00:26:49.680
<v Speaker 4>flat base and they're all at like the same height.

563
00:26:50.079 --> 00:26:51.839
<v Speaker 4>And so when people draw clouds and they're like all

564
00:26:51.839 --> 00:26:54.920
<v Speaker 4>poofy at the bottom to do that, I'm just like, Oh,

565
00:26:55.160 --> 00:26:56.359
<v Speaker 4>You're like, you don't get it.

566
00:26:57.000 --> 00:27:00.640
<v Speaker 2>You don't get it. By the bye, after we stop recording,

567
00:27:00.759 --> 00:27:03.519
<v Speaker 2>Rachel mentioned that she has a cloud tattoo. On her

568
00:27:03.599 --> 00:27:07.200
<v Speaker 2>left shoulder blade, and she said the design was really

569
00:27:07.279 --> 00:27:09.319
<v Speaker 2>important and she had to work with the artists to

570
00:27:09.400 --> 00:27:12.079
<v Speaker 2>make sure that the cloud was flat on the bottom.

571
00:27:12.279 --> 00:27:15.240
<v Speaker 2>As an ethologist, that was very critical. And also the

572
00:27:15.319 --> 00:27:17.680
<v Speaker 2>morning we recorded this, her husband Eric had texted her

573
00:27:18.160 --> 00:27:21.480
<v Speaker 2>a good luck chiff of a cloud, and in his text,

574
00:27:21.599 --> 00:27:24.119
<v Speaker 2>she showed me that he apologized for its shape, which

575
00:27:24.200 --> 00:27:26.160
<v Speaker 2>was puffy on the bottom. He's like, listen, I know

576
00:27:26.240 --> 00:27:29.000
<v Speaker 2>this is an insult of clouds, but the sentiment is there. Also,

577
00:27:29.079 --> 00:27:33.119
<v Speaker 2>as a graduate of that prominent meteorology program at Penn State,

578
00:27:33.440 --> 00:27:34.960
<v Speaker 2>what else peeves her?

579
00:27:35.240 --> 00:27:36.960
<v Speaker 4>You know, I get pretty arch when people to do

580
00:27:37.039 --> 00:27:39.519
<v Speaker 4>the whole like, oh, you get paid to be wrong

581
00:27:39.599 --> 00:27:41.880
<v Speaker 4>half the time. That sort of thing. That's one of

582
00:27:41.880 --> 00:27:43.839
<v Speaker 4>those that like sticks in your craw because you're like, oh,

583
00:27:43.839 --> 00:27:46.480
<v Speaker 4>you don't even know, we do so well. It's like

584
00:27:46.759 --> 00:27:49.279
<v Speaker 4>confirmation biased that you remember the one time that they

585
00:27:49.279 --> 00:27:51.839
<v Speaker 4>screw up right, but like you really like would do

586
00:27:51.880 --> 00:27:54.119
<v Speaker 4>pretty well, Like you generally know whether you should bring

587
00:27:54.119 --> 00:27:54.839
<v Speaker 4>an umbrella or not.

588
00:27:54.960 --> 00:27:57.160
<v Speaker 3>You know, right, hard, it's really hard.

589
00:27:57.240 --> 00:28:01.759
<v Speaker 2>That is really hard to see something so far down

590
00:28:01.799 --> 00:28:05.400
<v Speaker 2>the horizon and to say, hey, we saved your butt

591
00:28:05.720 --> 00:28:08.519
<v Speaker 2>on those rainy days. Yeah, I have so many Patroon questions.

592
00:28:08.559 --> 00:28:09.039
<v Speaker 3>Are you ready?

593
00:28:09.119 --> 00:28:12.519
<v Speaker 2>Yes, okay, okay, she is ready, but first before your

594
00:28:12.559 --> 00:28:16.000
<v Speaker 2>Patreon questions. Each week we make a donation to a

595
00:28:16.079 --> 00:28:18.720
<v Speaker 2>cause of theologists choosing, and this week, given the chat

596
00:28:18.720 --> 00:28:23.559
<v Speaker 2>about pyrocumulus clouds and the wildfires in Australia, Rachel chose

597
00:28:23.680 --> 00:28:28.680
<v Speaker 2>the World Wildlife Funds charity Australian Wildlife and Nature Recovery Fund,

598
00:28:28.960 --> 00:28:33.319
<v Speaker 2>which supports veterinarians who are treating injured wildlife and provides

599
00:28:33.400 --> 00:28:37.240
<v Speaker 2>food and water to critters in impacted regions. They use

600
00:28:37.319 --> 00:28:41.160
<v Speaker 2>Koala detection dogs to help rescue them and to find

601
00:28:41.160 --> 00:28:44.839
<v Speaker 2>other threatened species, and they get supplies to triage sites.

602
00:28:44.880 --> 00:28:47.799
<v Speaker 2>So thank you Rachel for picking that. And that donation

603
00:28:47.920 --> 00:28:50.240
<v Speaker 2>is made possible by sponsors of the show, which you

604
00:28:50.240 --> 00:28:50.759
<v Speaker 2>may hear about.

605
00:28:50.759 --> 00:28:53.720
<v Speaker 1>Now get value. You can't argue with Optesco with their

606
00:28:53.759 --> 00:28:56.839
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607
00:28:56.839 --> 00:28:59.519
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608
00:28:59.599 --> 00:29:02.480
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609
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610
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611
00:29:08.880 --> 00:29:11.599
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612
00:29:11.759 --> 00:29:15.480
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613
00:29:15.799 --> 00:29:19.599
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614
00:29:19.599 --> 00:29:21.400
<v Speaker 1>at most stores, prices very in express.

615
00:29:23.319 --> 00:29:27.640
<v Speaker 2>Okay, back to your cloud questions. Catherine asks, why are

616
00:29:27.680 --> 00:29:30.880
<v Speaker 2>they so fucking cool? Molly Rupp says word for word

617
00:29:30.880 --> 00:29:33.200
<v Speaker 2>the question I was gonna ask, Well, so, yeah, at clouds,

618
00:29:33.200 --> 00:29:34.039
<v Speaker 2>why are they so cool?

619
00:29:34.599 --> 00:29:37.079
<v Speaker 4>I mean, they just are, right, I couldn't put a

620
00:29:37.119 --> 00:29:40.519
<v Speaker 4>bare myself. Clouds are fucking cool. And that's like the

621
00:29:40.559 --> 00:29:43.680
<v Speaker 4>great thing is, like, you know, like no matter what,

622
00:29:43.759 --> 00:29:45.119
<v Speaker 4>I can just look outside and be.

623
00:29:45.160 --> 00:29:46.440
<v Speaker 3>Like, that's just really cool.

624
00:29:46.640 --> 00:29:50.200
<v Speaker 2>It's cool. It's like wallpaper for the sky, right, you

625
00:29:50.200 --> 00:29:52.319
<v Speaker 2>know what I mean? And it's different every day and

626
00:29:52.519 --> 00:29:56.680
<v Speaker 2>the time. Yeah, it's beautiful and sometimes it rains on us, Yeah,

627
00:29:56.720 --> 00:29:59.920
<v Speaker 2>in a great way. Okay, wants to know why you're

628
00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:00.559
<v Speaker 2>cloud's white?

629
00:30:01.559 --> 00:30:03.440
<v Speaker 4>Uh yeah, I started got this a little bit earlier,

630
00:30:03.480 --> 00:30:05.880
<v Speaker 4>like because you have a lot of droplets all in

631
00:30:05.920 --> 00:30:08.279
<v Speaker 4>the same place and the light bounces off of them

632
00:30:08.359 --> 00:30:10.839
<v Speaker 4>and gets scattered. I guess theyatur in all of the

633
00:30:10.839 --> 00:30:13.200
<v Speaker 4>different directions, and so that that looks to our eyes

634
00:30:13.200 --> 00:30:13.519
<v Speaker 4>like white.

635
00:30:13.599 --> 00:30:14.079
<v Speaker 3>Basically.

636
00:30:14.240 --> 00:30:14.400
<v Speaker 4>Hum.

637
00:30:15.559 --> 00:30:20.200
<v Speaker 2>Kayla Simpson wants to know how do whole punch clouds form? Oh, so, okay,

638
00:30:20.240 --> 00:30:23.119
<v Speaker 2>so this is interesting. Okay, So I have never seen

639
00:30:23.200 --> 00:30:26.519
<v Speaker 2>a whole punch cloud or a fall streak, whole punch cloud,

640
00:30:26.640 --> 00:30:30.160
<v Speaker 2>or a cloud canal, or a cavim or a sky punch,

641
00:30:30.359 --> 00:30:32.119
<v Speaker 2>call them what you want. But I looked it up

642
00:30:32.160 --> 00:30:35.519
<v Speaker 2>and it's like, there's just this big gaping bite taken

643
00:30:35.559 --> 00:30:38.599
<v Speaker 2>from the middle of a cloud. And if you had

644
00:30:38.640 --> 00:30:41.799
<v Speaker 2>had moonshine for dinner, I can certainly see why you

645
00:30:41.799 --> 00:30:44.440
<v Speaker 2>would think this was an alien spaceship, as many people

646
00:30:44.559 --> 00:30:46.640
<v Speaker 2>have done. So what causes them?

647
00:30:46.920 --> 00:30:51.920
<v Speaker 4>Between zero degrees see and negative forty degrees see, all

648
00:30:51.960 --> 00:30:55.759
<v Speaker 4>three phases of water can exist, right. You can have liquid,

649
00:30:55.759 --> 00:30:59.480
<v Speaker 4>you can have vapor, and you can have solid. If

650
00:31:00.359 --> 00:31:05.160
<v Speaker 4>there's like this diagram that shows like where the dew

651
00:31:05.160 --> 00:31:07.119
<v Speaker 4>point of water is. And then also there's like an

652
00:31:07.160 --> 00:31:09.519
<v Speaker 4>ice a similar one for ice right where at a

653
00:31:09.519 --> 00:31:13.160
<v Speaker 4>certain temperature then ice would form. But in those in

654
00:31:13.200 --> 00:31:17.200
<v Speaker 4>those in between regions, it's actually easier to form ice

655
00:31:17.440 --> 00:31:20.200
<v Speaker 4>than it is to form liquid. So if you have

656
00:31:20.240 --> 00:31:22.279
<v Speaker 4>both of both of them in the same place, then

657
00:31:22.319 --> 00:31:25.759
<v Speaker 4>a lot of times the like liquid will evaporate and

658
00:31:25.920 --> 00:31:28.519
<v Speaker 4>the air the water vapor will be more drawn towards

659
00:31:28.599 --> 00:31:31.920
<v Speaker 4>the ice sort of. And so in a whole punch cloud,

660
00:31:32.720 --> 00:31:36.720
<v Speaker 4>something happens that sort of disturbs the cloud. You get

661
00:31:36.759 --> 00:31:39.440
<v Speaker 4>something that can that can form ice, like maybe a

662
00:31:39.440 --> 00:31:41.319
<v Speaker 4>plane will go through and you'll get the right kind

663
00:31:41.359 --> 00:31:43.920
<v Speaker 4>of particle that ice can form on, and so then

664
00:31:44.079 --> 00:31:45.680
<v Speaker 4>a little bit of ice will form and it'll sort

665
00:31:45.680 --> 00:31:48.039
<v Speaker 4>of like and a bunch of the water will sort

666
00:31:48.079 --> 00:31:49.440
<v Speaker 4>of like go towards the ice, and then you won't

667
00:31:49.440 --> 00:31:50.960
<v Speaker 4>be able to really see it because that part there's

668
00:31:51.000 --> 00:31:52.480
<v Speaker 4>not much of it there and it's pretty thin, and

669
00:31:52.720 --> 00:31:54.759
<v Speaker 4>so you get almost this little little hole in the cloud.

670
00:31:54.839 --> 00:31:57.440
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, that's nuts. But I'm gonna ask, how

671
00:31:57.440 --> 00:32:00.279
<v Speaker 2>do you feel about the term cloud computing? Uh?

672
00:32:00.599 --> 00:32:02.680
<v Speaker 4>You know, I don't have like strong opinions on it,

673
00:32:02.720 --> 00:32:05.359
<v Speaker 4>but I do get a lot of followers on Twitter

674
00:32:05.599 --> 00:32:09.440
<v Speaker 4>from various like cloud computing resources and whatever.

675
00:32:10.079 --> 00:32:16.319
<v Speaker 2>I guess those people would be techefologists, do you think so?

676
00:32:16.759 --> 00:32:18.519
<v Speaker 2>I don't know, Yeah, I think they'd be a tech

677
00:32:18.519 --> 00:32:23.400
<v Speaker 2>an apologist. First time question asker Navarro wants to know

678
00:32:23.640 --> 00:32:26.960
<v Speaker 2>in places like Brooklyn, big Up, it's overcast almost every

679
00:32:27.079 --> 00:32:29.839
<v Speaker 2>day only in the winter, no visible sun, just a

680
00:32:29.920 --> 00:32:33.680
<v Speaker 2>silvery white haze blanketing the entire sky. I actually got

681
00:32:33.680 --> 00:32:35.920
<v Speaker 2>curious and googled it the other day. Turns out the

682
00:32:35.960 --> 00:32:40.039
<v Speaker 2>explanation is nephological in nature. So can you please explain?

683
00:32:40.119 --> 00:32:43.960
<v Speaker 2>And Jack Pourier and Courtney Ryan also have those questions

684
00:32:44.000 --> 00:32:45.319
<v Speaker 2>about why is it cloud in the winter.

685
00:32:45.960 --> 00:32:48.319
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, so, I mean I'm from Pennsylvania originally, and so

686
00:32:48.400 --> 00:32:51.440
<v Speaker 4>I know the great skys of winter. It's a depressing

687
00:32:51.480 --> 00:32:52.000
<v Speaker 4>time of year.

688
00:32:52.160 --> 00:32:53.599
<v Speaker 2>So here's an all effective disorder.

689
00:32:53.799 --> 00:32:54.079
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

690
00:32:54.119 --> 00:32:56.519
<v Speaker 4>So a lot of it is just the kind of

691
00:32:56.519 --> 00:32:59.200
<v Speaker 4>clouds that tend to form. So you know, a lot

692
00:32:59.200 --> 00:33:01.000
<v Speaker 4>of like the stratus I was, like I said, form

693
00:33:01.079 --> 00:33:02.960
<v Speaker 4>when the atmosphere is stable, and so you get sort

694
00:33:02.960 --> 00:33:05.400
<v Speaker 4>of like these blankety the stratus clouds. And in the

695
00:33:05.440 --> 00:33:08.839
<v Speaker 4>winter generally the type of weather that happens tends to

696
00:33:08.880 --> 00:33:09.960
<v Speaker 4>be that type of weather.

697
00:33:10.200 --> 00:33:11.920
<v Speaker 3>And we don't get a lot of sun right that.

698
00:33:12.119 --> 00:33:14.599
<v Speaker 4>You know, the Earth's tilt is like such that we're

699
00:33:14.599 --> 00:33:16.839
<v Speaker 4>not getting a lot of sun that time here and

700
00:33:17.200 --> 00:33:19.200
<v Speaker 4>so like the ground's not heating up a lot, and

701
00:33:19.240 --> 00:33:21.039
<v Speaker 4>so you don't get a lot of like convective clouds

702
00:33:21.119 --> 00:33:22.559
<v Speaker 4>or anything like that, and so a lot of the

703
00:33:22.920 --> 00:33:26.319
<v Speaker 4>stuff is just stratisy, overcast sort of stuff.

704
00:33:27.440 --> 00:33:30.119
<v Speaker 2>I'm from San Francisco, and I just call that sunscreen.

705
00:33:30.599 --> 00:33:36.240
<v Speaker 2>I myself a foggy day off soap weather JKJK. The

706
00:33:36.279 --> 00:33:38.960
<v Speaker 2>Skin Cancer Foundation says that up to eighty percent of

707
00:33:39.000 --> 00:33:42.200
<v Speaker 2>the sun's UV rays can pass right through clouds. So

708
00:33:42.359 --> 00:33:45.319
<v Speaker 2>sunscreen just wants to be friends. It's here to help

709
00:33:45.720 --> 00:33:48.519
<v Speaker 2>use it. So many people I'm going to say their

710
00:33:48.599 --> 00:33:52.880
<v Speaker 2>names quickly, including Emily Maloney, Julie Bert, Dave in Sanity,

711
00:33:52.920 --> 00:33:58.200
<v Speaker 2>Heather Densmore, Kitty Helberson, Chase Phoenix, Camille Young, Emmanuel Sanchez,

712
00:33:58.279 --> 00:34:01.680
<v Speaker 2>and first time question askers Julia Tolbert, Belinda ku Oh

713
00:34:01.880 --> 00:34:06.440
<v Speaker 2>and Libby mail Asked essentially asked in Libby's words, Wan,

714
00:34:06.480 --> 00:34:08.760
<v Speaker 2>it's the deal with seating clouds.

715
00:34:09.440 --> 00:34:12.800
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, So in order to form a cloud droplet, you

716
00:34:12.840 --> 00:34:15.400
<v Speaker 4>need something for it to condense onto. Okay, Like I said,

717
00:34:15.440 --> 00:34:18.000
<v Speaker 4>we usually call these things aerosols. They're like little like

718
00:34:18.039 --> 00:34:21.079
<v Speaker 4>solid or liquid particles that come from different reactions in

719
00:34:21.119 --> 00:34:24.199
<v Speaker 4>the atmosphere or sometimes it's dust or whatever. Oh so

720
00:34:24.599 --> 00:34:27.199
<v Speaker 4>cloud seating they do it in some places do it

721
00:34:27.239 --> 00:34:29.039
<v Speaker 4>sort of for research. There's a couple places that do

722
00:34:29.119 --> 00:34:31.480
<v Speaker 4>it sort of operationally. Trying to think, I think it's

723
00:34:31.519 --> 00:34:34.199
<v Speaker 4>like somewhere in Canada they do it, and I know

724
00:34:34.280 --> 00:34:36.159
<v Speaker 4>like I think in Israel they do it sometimes over

725
00:34:36.159 --> 00:34:38.599
<v Speaker 4>the mountains. So basically, if you put a bunch of

726
00:34:38.599 --> 00:34:42.119
<v Speaker 4>particles into the cloud, these like little aerosols or whatever.

727
00:34:42.320 --> 00:34:43.800
<v Speaker 3>I don't remember what they use for it. Some sort

728
00:34:43.840 --> 00:34:45.000
<v Speaker 3>of salt probably m M.

729
00:34:45.119 --> 00:34:49.000
<v Speaker 6>I was going to say for breeze, but okay, yeah, okay,

730
00:34:49.960 --> 00:34:54.320
<v Speaker 6>they actually can use calcium chloride or dry ice, or

731
00:34:54.360 --> 00:34:57.960
<v Speaker 6>silver iodide or propane or even tiny.

732
00:34:57.960 --> 00:35:02.079
<v Speaker 2>Particles of sodium chloride table salt. Bust those into the

733
00:35:02.079 --> 00:35:05.400
<v Speaker 2>sky to change the weather. Like we went through a

734
00:35:05.440 --> 00:35:09.280
<v Speaker 2>spacetime portal into the future. But actually cloud seating and

735
00:35:09.440 --> 00:35:12.880
<v Speaker 2>weather modification has been going on for like fifty years.

736
00:35:12.639 --> 00:35:16.320
<v Speaker 4>At least, and you're sort of changing the makeup of

737
00:35:16.360 --> 00:35:18.719
<v Speaker 4>that cloud. If there's not enough of those particles and

738
00:35:18.760 --> 00:35:20.960
<v Speaker 4>you put some in the atmosphere, you're sort of triggering

739
00:35:21.000 --> 00:35:23.719
<v Speaker 4>cloud formation. If you like want it to rain more

740
00:35:23.719 --> 00:35:26.639
<v Speaker 4>there maybe or sometimes what happens is if you're sort

741
00:35:26.639 --> 00:35:29.440
<v Speaker 4>of slowing down the rain process, then you can make

742
00:35:29.480 --> 00:35:34.360
<v Speaker 4>it rain maybe further downstream right about your line.

743
00:35:34.559 --> 00:35:37.599
<v Speaker 2>And Emmanuel Sanchez want to know what is that happening

744
00:35:37.599 --> 00:35:41.039
<v Speaker 2>at the Beijing Olympics with their weather modification.

745
00:35:41.159 --> 00:35:43.880
<v Speaker 4>That, as far as I understand, that's what happened, was

746
00:35:43.880 --> 00:35:46.000
<v Speaker 4>that they did some sort of cloud seating to try

747
00:35:46.039 --> 00:35:47.559
<v Speaker 4>and rain out some of the pollution.

748
00:35:47.719 --> 00:35:47.920
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

749
00:35:47.960 --> 00:35:49.559
<v Speaker 4>I don't know the details on it though.

750
00:35:49.639 --> 00:35:52.960
<v Speaker 2>Who Okay, So I look this up and apparently China

751
00:35:53.039 --> 00:35:55.920
<v Speaker 2>is all about cloud seating and they shoot rockets of

752
00:35:56.000 --> 00:35:59.880
<v Speaker 2>silver iodide into the sky and then sometimes hot got

753
00:36:00.360 --> 00:36:03.760
<v Speaker 2>it rains over another country and then everybody fights about

754
00:36:03.760 --> 00:36:06.280
<v Speaker 2>whose rain it is? Like is it cedars keepers? I

755
00:36:06.280 --> 00:36:10.079
<v Speaker 2>don't know. I'm not a cloud litigator. Is that ethical

756
00:36:10.159 --> 00:36:12.280
<v Speaker 2>to cloud seed? As a cloud doctor, how do you

757
00:36:12.280 --> 00:36:13.559
<v Speaker 2>feel about it? Yeah?

758
00:36:13.599 --> 00:36:15.320
<v Speaker 3>I mean it's not really harmful.

759
00:36:15.480 --> 00:36:17.000
<v Speaker 4>You know, what you're putting in the atmosphere is just,

760
00:36:17.039 --> 00:36:18.440
<v Speaker 4>like I said, some sort of salt or whatever, the

761
00:36:18.519 --> 00:36:20.400
<v Speaker 4>kind of thing that's up there anyway. I mean, it's

762
00:36:20.400 --> 00:36:22.599
<v Speaker 4>not something that can really be done to any sort

763
00:36:22.639 --> 00:36:25.880
<v Speaker 4>of large scary scale or anything like that. It's not

764
00:36:25.960 --> 00:36:27.920
<v Speaker 4>easy to do, and it's not easy to do well.

765
00:36:28.119 --> 00:36:29.880
<v Speaker 4>The places where it is done is like really sort

766
00:36:29.880 --> 00:36:32.599
<v Speaker 4>of small scale places where they understand that environment really well.

767
00:36:32.719 --> 00:36:35.079
<v Speaker 2>Julia Tolbert, also first time question asker, wants to know

768
00:36:35.119 --> 00:36:36.000
<v Speaker 2>do clouds have a smell?

769
00:36:38.559 --> 00:36:41.119
<v Speaker 3>Do clouds have a smell? I've never noticed a smell.

770
00:36:41.159 --> 00:36:42.960
<v Speaker 4>I mean rain has a smell, right, because you get

771
00:36:42.960 --> 00:36:46.400
<v Speaker 4>that it's called petrocore mm hmm, the smell of rain,

772
00:36:46.440 --> 00:36:48.559
<v Speaker 4>which is like really, I think it's like something in

773
00:36:48.599 --> 00:36:50.320
<v Speaker 4>the dirt that gets stirredup when it gets wet or.

774
00:36:50.320 --> 00:36:51.840
<v Speaker 3>Something like that. Yeah.

775
00:36:51.960 --> 00:36:54.119
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I hope clouds don't have a smell. It's mostly

776
00:36:54.159 --> 00:36:54.559
<v Speaker 4>just water.

777
00:36:54.800 --> 00:36:56.920
<v Speaker 3>Okay. A lot of.

778
00:36:56.880 --> 00:36:59.639
<v Speaker 2>People, of course want to know about climate change. Emily Elaine,

779
00:37:00.440 --> 00:37:04.119
<v Speaker 2>Nikaia Wooten, who's a first time question asker. Haley Everson

780
00:37:04.159 --> 00:37:08.000
<v Speaker 2>first time question asker. Also Sarah Does and Jay, Julie

781
00:37:08.000 --> 00:37:11.599
<v Speaker 2>Beert Schmannie Thompson, and janew They all want to know,

782
00:37:11.880 --> 00:37:14.519
<v Speaker 2>in Haley's words, will climate change affect the clouds we see?

783
00:37:14.559 --> 00:37:17.320
<v Speaker 2>And will certain types of clouds become less common or

784
00:37:17.360 --> 00:37:18.320
<v Speaker 2>even go extinct.

785
00:37:19.039 --> 00:37:21.679
<v Speaker 4>Oh okay, so it's a really complicated question that we

786
00:37:21.719 --> 00:37:24.119
<v Speaker 4>don't really know the answer to but I mean the

787
00:37:24.119 --> 00:37:26.159
<v Speaker 4>short answer is yes, it will change things as it

788
00:37:26.199 --> 00:37:29.480
<v Speaker 4>gets warmer, sort of can like shift climate patterns around,

789
00:37:29.639 --> 00:37:33.639
<v Speaker 4>and so you know, places that maybe weren't warm enough

790
00:37:33.880 --> 00:37:35.760
<v Speaker 4>for there to be like a lot of conductive clouds

791
00:37:35.840 --> 00:37:37.920
<v Speaker 4>might get more of those, or you can sort of

792
00:37:37.960 --> 00:37:41.280
<v Speaker 4>shift where the main like storm track regions happen. And

793
00:37:41.320 --> 00:37:43.920
<v Speaker 4>then there's also like over the oceans, there's like these

794
00:37:44.000 --> 00:37:46.519
<v Speaker 4>large strato cumulus layers and there's a lot of open

795
00:37:46.599 --> 00:37:49.519
<v Speaker 4>questions as to how those will change. You know, there

796
00:37:49.519 --> 00:37:51.639
<v Speaker 4>wouldn't be a cloud that would go extinct. That would

797
00:37:51.639 --> 00:37:55.559
<v Speaker 4>make me very sad, But it's just it's more about

798
00:37:55.599 --> 00:37:58.840
<v Speaker 4>like small shifts and the important thing there is like

799
00:37:58.880 --> 00:38:01.440
<v Speaker 4>how that affects like the radiation because there's all these

800
00:38:01.440 --> 00:38:05.119
<v Speaker 4>feedbacks with warming, and how it affects the precipitation. Those

801
00:38:05.159 --> 00:38:07.840
<v Speaker 4>are the sort of more important questions for you know

802
00:38:07.880 --> 00:38:09.119
<v Speaker 4>what we actually want to understand.

803
00:38:09.400 --> 00:38:12.159
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, are we going to get drier as we get warmer?

804
00:38:13.039 --> 00:38:14.360
<v Speaker 3>So it depends on where you are.

805
00:38:15.559 --> 00:38:17.840
<v Speaker 4>There's one of the sort of things that gets thrown

806
00:38:17.840 --> 00:38:20.119
<v Speaker 4>a lot is this like rich get Richer idea where

807
00:38:20.159 --> 00:38:22.039
<v Speaker 4>the places that are moist will get moister, and the

808
00:38:22.039 --> 00:38:25.719
<v Speaker 4>places that are dry will get drier, which is unfortunate. Right, Like,

809
00:38:25.840 --> 00:38:27.159
<v Speaker 4>you know, if you live in a place it's like

810
00:38:27.199 --> 00:38:28.719
<v Speaker 4>prone to flooding, you don't want more of that, And

811
00:38:28.800 --> 00:38:30.960
<v Speaker 4>if you live in California, you don't want more drought.

812
00:38:31.039 --> 00:38:33.800
<v Speaker 4>Like there's a lot of indications that that might be

813
00:38:33.840 --> 00:38:34.760
<v Speaker 4>the way things are going.

814
00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:38.400
<v Speaker 2>So we got to stock up on moisturizer in La Yeah,

815
00:38:38.440 --> 00:38:38.760
<v Speaker 2>for sure.

816
00:38:38.840 --> 00:38:39.119
<v Speaker 4>Hoof.

817
00:38:39.239 --> 00:38:41.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I know that this is probably a question you

818
00:38:41.039 --> 00:38:43.639
<v Speaker 2>get a lot. It's a super stupid question, which is

819
00:38:43.639 --> 00:38:46.639
<v Speaker 2>why I'm asking it. The difference between weather and climate. Yeah,

820
00:38:46.719 --> 00:38:47.920
<v Speaker 2>do you have to explain that a lot?

821
00:38:48.039 --> 00:38:50.559
<v Speaker 4>It's a first step a lot of the time because

822
00:38:50.599 --> 00:38:52.840
<v Speaker 4>people a lot of times when people have doubts about

823
00:38:52.880 --> 00:38:55.280
<v Speaker 4>climate change, a lot of it is like they have

824
00:38:55.320 --> 00:38:58.320
<v Speaker 4>all these distrust of the models that we use, or

825
00:38:58.360 --> 00:39:00.800
<v Speaker 4>people will just be like, oh, it's it's cold, where's

826
00:39:00.840 --> 00:39:03.800
<v Speaker 4>that global warming? Right? Yeah, So there's like a lot

827
00:39:03.800 --> 00:39:06.679
<v Speaker 4>of really cool analogies for it that I try to remember.

828
00:39:06.880 --> 00:39:09.440
<v Speaker 4>But so, like one of the obvious ones is that

829
00:39:09.760 --> 00:39:12.639
<v Speaker 4>the climate is the clothes that are in your closet,

830
00:39:13.000 --> 00:39:14.519
<v Speaker 4>and the weather is the clothes that you wear.

831
00:39:14.840 --> 00:39:18.679
<v Speaker 2>Ha ha, that's a that's a great way to get

832
00:39:18.719 --> 00:39:22.880
<v Speaker 2>people to understand the difference, you know, and you kind

833
00:39:22.880 --> 00:39:25.719
<v Speaker 2>of address this but like a round tree. First time

834
00:39:25.800 --> 00:39:29.599
<v Speaker 2>question asker, Mike, first time question asker, and Bryce and

835
00:39:29.760 --> 00:39:33.239
<v Speaker 2>also Evan want to know is it true, in Bryce's

836
00:39:33.280 --> 00:39:35.920
<v Speaker 2>words that clouds often weigh millions of pounds?

837
00:39:36.360 --> 00:39:39.239
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, millions sounds like a lot. I don't okay, I

838
00:39:39.280 --> 00:39:41.480
<v Speaker 4>had to do the math, but like definitely thousands, like

839
00:39:41.719 --> 00:39:44.320
<v Speaker 4>like the like ton has definitely been thrown around.

840
00:39:44.320 --> 00:39:47.079
<v Speaker 2>Okay, you know those like random facts that you hear

841
00:39:47.159 --> 00:39:49.639
<v Speaker 2>stuff like that. Gracie Zescha wants to know what is

842
00:39:49.679 --> 00:39:51.599
<v Speaker 2>your favorite cloud information and why?

843
00:39:52.039 --> 00:39:55.840
<v Speaker 4>Oh okay, So my favorite clouds are mammatus clouds, right, Okay,

844
00:39:56.199 --> 00:39:59.840
<v Speaker 4>So mammatus clouds usually they can form in other ways,

845
00:39:59.840 --> 00:40:02.440
<v Speaker 4>but usually they form on the underside of anvils. Right,

846
00:40:02.519 --> 00:40:04.119
<v Speaker 4>So I said, the anvil is this big cloud that

847
00:40:04.119 --> 00:40:07.480
<v Speaker 4>comes out from a thunderstorm, and Mattis clouds happen like

848
00:40:07.559 --> 00:40:10.639
<v Speaker 4>almost sort of opposite the way that that tumuless clouds do,

849
00:40:10.679 --> 00:40:12.119
<v Speaker 4>where you get sort of little pockets of air that

850
00:40:12.159 --> 00:40:14.559
<v Speaker 4>comes down and so like it looks like really bumpy

851
00:40:14.559 --> 00:40:15.960
<v Speaker 4>and it looks like this really cool formation.

852
00:40:16.119 --> 00:40:19.000
<v Speaker 3>There's a trip down memory lane. Mattis the word, you know,

853
00:40:19.079 --> 00:40:20.559
<v Speaker 3>I mean the sort of yeah, where the root.

854
00:40:20.480 --> 00:40:21.920
<v Speaker 4>Of that comes from, right, Because you get those little

855
00:40:21.960 --> 00:40:24.559
<v Speaker 4>like bulby bulbousy things and they're just really really cool

856
00:40:24.599 --> 00:40:27.320
<v Speaker 4>looking and they're associated with storms, right, so you see

857
00:40:27.320 --> 00:40:30.239
<v Speaker 4>them like after a storm passes, and especially like if

858
00:40:30.239 --> 00:40:32.440
<v Speaker 4>it's evening time the light shines on them, they can

859
00:40:32.440 --> 00:40:35.840
<v Speaker 4>look like really really cool. They're my shavorite, yeah, and

860
00:40:35.840 --> 00:40:37.440
<v Speaker 4>they're boob clouds, their boop clouds.

861
00:40:37.519 --> 00:40:39.719
<v Speaker 2>Nice. Aaron Ryan wants to know what would it actually

862
00:40:39.719 --> 00:40:41.199
<v Speaker 2>feel like to fall through a cloud.

863
00:40:42.559 --> 00:40:44.719
<v Speaker 4>I mean, it would just be like falling, but you'd

864
00:40:44.760 --> 00:40:46.639
<v Speaker 4>be kind of moist.

865
00:40:47.519 --> 00:40:50.719
<v Speaker 2>It'd be like a ouch. It would be like ouch.

866
00:40:50.800 --> 00:40:55.000
<v Speaker 2>Elizabeth Ganie wants to know why do cumulo nimbus clouds

867
00:40:55.119 --> 00:40:57.639
<v Speaker 2>appear to us as such crazy colors like yellow and

868
00:40:57.639 --> 00:40:58.719
<v Speaker 2>green and purple.

869
00:40:59.559 --> 00:41:01.400
<v Speaker 4>So on, sort of what's in them and how the

870
00:41:01.480 --> 00:41:05.440
<v Speaker 4>light is scattering? Like the darker that a cloud is

871
00:41:05.519 --> 00:41:07.679
<v Speaker 4>usually the more stuff is in it, right, because it's

872
00:41:07.800 --> 00:41:11.119
<v Speaker 4>blocking the light above it. Like if it's really dark overhead,

873
00:41:11.159 --> 00:41:14.079
<v Speaker 4>there's sort of like more moisture in that cloud, right,

874
00:41:14.119 --> 00:41:16.400
<v Speaker 4>Like if it rains the clouds overhead are usually like

875
00:41:16.440 --> 00:41:20.599
<v Speaker 4>really dark gray. Sometimes cumulanimous cloud will tend to look greenish,

876
00:41:20.719 --> 00:41:22.920
<v Speaker 4>and often that means that there's hail in it. What

877
00:41:23.800 --> 00:41:26.719
<v Speaker 4>because of just the hails really big and it just

878
00:41:26.719 --> 00:41:29.039
<v Speaker 4>scatters light in a different way. And so a lot

879
00:41:29.039 --> 00:41:30.880
<v Speaker 4>of times like if there's hail in a cloud, or'll

880
00:41:30.880 --> 00:41:32.400
<v Speaker 4>have this sort of greenish.

881
00:41:32.000 --> 00:41:33.199
<v Speaker 3>Tinge to it.

882
00:41:33.840 --> 00:41:35.960
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, and then if you get clouds like on the horizon,

883
00:41:36.000 --> 00:41:37.920
<v Speaker 4>it all you get all sorts of different color effects

884
00:41:37.920 --> 00:41:39.880
<v Speaker 4>because of the angle of the light and the way

885
00:41:39.880 --> 00:41:41.199
<v Speaker 4>that it scatters and stuff.

886
00:41:41.360 --> 00:41:43.000
<v Speaker 2>Catherine Finny wants to know. I once heard from a

887
00:41:43.039 --> 00:41:45.360
<v Speaker 2>meteorologist friend that it's possible for clouds to have over

888
00:41:45.360 --> 00:41:47.800
<v Speaker 2>one hundred percent humidity. Is that true? How can that

889
00:41:47.840 --> 00:41:48.840
<v Speaker 2>be true?

890
00:41:49.440 --> 00:41:49.760
<v Speaker 3>It is?

891
00:41:49.880 --> 00:41:53.320
<v Speaker 4>Actually, Yeah, So it's kind of funny.

892
00:41:53.480 --> 00:41:56.119
<v Speaker 2>So because if you have like a.

893
00:41:56.039 --> 00:41:58.159
<v Speaker 4>Blob of air, like when we think about clouds, we'd

894
00:41:58.159 --> 00:42:01.039
<v Speaker 4>sort of like hypothesize this this parcel of air, which

895
00:42:01.079 --> 00:42:02.000
<v Speaker 4>is I don't know, if you think.

896
00:42:01.880 --> 00:42:03.840
<v Speaker 3>About like a balloon without the balloon on it, sort

897
00:42:03.880 --> 00:42:04.079
<v Speaker 3>of the.

898
00:42:04.000 --> 00:42:07.000
<v Speaker 4>Blob of air and it has a certain amount of

899
00:42:07.000 --> 00:42:09.360
<v Speaker 4>water in it, and it has a certain temperature. There's

900
00:42:09.440 --> 00:42:13.079
<v Speaker 4>like this like sort of equilibrium that happens when you

901
00:42:13.119 --> 00:42:15.199
<v Speaker 4>have like exactly the same amount of water, you know,

902
00:42:15.199 --> 00:42:16.800
<v Speaker 4>at that dew point, temperature whatever.

903
00:42:18.159 --> 00:42:18.800
<v Speaker 3>But like.

904
00:42:20.360 --> 00:42:22.639
<v Speaker 2>Nothing happens instantaneously.

905
00:42:22.639 --> 00:42:26.480
<v Speaker 4>And so you can get like a couple of percent

906
00:42:26.800 --> 00:42:28.800
<v Speaker 4>over one relative humidity.

907
00:42:28.840 --> 00:42:32.360
<v Speaker 2>WHOA, that's nuts. Okay, so that's not a lie. That's

908
00:42:32.360 --> 00:42:36.119
<v Speaker 2>not fun flam. This, by the way, is called supersaturation,

909
00:42:36.239 --> 00:42:38.559
<v Speaker 2>in case you ever meet a meteorologist and need to

910
00:42:38.719 --> 00:42:41.239
<v Speaker 2>impress them in a pinch. Also, I may as well

911
00:42:41.280 --> 00:42:45.960
<v Speaker 2>mention that sky writing involves smoking oil like paraffin to

912
00:42:46.039 --> 00:42:49.000
<v Speaker 2>write words, and it's usually done around three thousand feet

913
00:42:49.079 --> 00:42:52.320
<v Speaker 2>up and to leave a sky message for your sweetie.

914
00:42:52.360 --> 00:42:56.119
<v Speaker 2>It'll sitch back around three grand. Now, the fancier dot

915
00:42:56.199 --> 00:43:00.119
<v Speaker 2>matrix font skywriting is actually called sky typing, and that

916
00:43:00.159 --> 00:43:03.320
<v Speaker 2>one lasts longer because it's about three times the altitude.

917
00:43:03.400 --> 00:43:06.360
<v Speaker 2>But it's gonna cost you like fifteen gees. So at

918
00:43:06.360 --> 00:43:09.719
<v Speaker 2>one point, the most commonly written letters in the sky.

919
00:43:09.800 --> 00:43:11.440
<v Speaker 2>I wanted to look this up. I was like, they

920
00:43:11.519 --> 00:43:15.719
<v Speaker 2>must be marriage proposals, right, No, they said, ls mft

921
00:43:16.199 --> 00:43:19.159
<v Speaker 2>Woh what is a secret message? It just means lucky,

922
00:43:19.159 --> 00:43:24.199
<v Speaker 2>strike means fine tobacco. Sky cancer somehow less sunny and

923
00:43:24.320 --> 00:43:27.519
<v Speaker 2>romantic than I was expecting. Annatopson wants to know what's

924
00:43:27.559 --> 00:43:30.320
<v Speaker 2>up with sunshowers the event when it's raining but it's

925
00:43:30.360 --> 00:43:33.639
<v Speaker 2>sunny above you. What's up with that? Yeah?

926
00:43:33.679 --> 00:43:37.599
<v Speaker 4>So, I mean again, things don't happen instantaneously, right, and

927
00:43:37.639 --> 00:43:40.639
<v Speaker 4>so if you have like rain that forms from a cloud,

928
00:43:41.079 --> 00:43:44.039
<v Speaker 4>it can be falling. The cloud itself might dissipate in

929
00:43:44.079 --> 00:43:45.840
<v Speaker 4>the time that it takes for that rain to fall

930
00:43:45.880 --> 00:43:48.039
<v Speaker 4>on you. Or you could have, you know, just a

931
00:43:48.039 --> 00:43:49.960
<v Speaker 4>little cloud that's sort of like moving quickly and you

932
00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:50.960
<v Speaker 4>get some rain that falls.

933
00:43:51.159 --> 00:43:52.280
<v Speaker 3>So yeah, it could happen.

934
00:43:52.480 --> 00:43:56.159
<v Speaker 2>Just be popping by Eliza Gaston wants to know how

935
00:43:56.239 --> 00:43:58.280
<v Speaker 2>much truth is there in the saying red sales at

936
00:43:58.400 --> 00:44:01.960
<v Speaker 2>night sailors, delight, red sales the morn sailors be warned.

937
00:44:02.760 --> 00:44:03.400
<v Speaker 2>You ever heard that?

938
00:44:04.519 --> 00:44:09.159
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I've heard red skies at night sailors. Still, yeah,

939
00:44:09.199 --> 00:44:11.440
<v Speaker 4>it's the there is actually some truth to it, and

940
00:44:11.480 --> 00:44:13.679
<v Speaker 4>it has to do with the kind of clouds that

941
00:44:13.719 --> 00:44:16.000
<v Speaker 4>you get. And it's like if you have like an

942
00:44:16.000 --> 00:44:19.960
<v Speaker 4>approaching weather system versus something that's just passed where you'll

943
00:44:19.960 --> 00:44:21.880
<v Speaker 4>see like sirrus clouds in the way that the light

944
00:44:22.159 --> 00:44:23.719
<v Speaker 4>scatters off of them and stuff like that.

945
00:44:24.679 --> 00:44:28.920
<v Speaker 2>So this adage is attributed to everyone from Shakespeare to

946
00:44:29.119 --> 00:44:32.679
<v Speaker 2>Jesus literally, and the logic behind it is, to quote

947
00:44:32.719 --> 00:44:35.519
<v Speaker 2>the Library of Congress. When we see a red sky

948
00:44:35.559 --> 00:44:37.800
<v Speaker 2>at night, this means that the setting sun is sending

949
00:44:37.840 --> 00:44:41.039
<v Speaker 2>its light through a high concentration of dust particles, and

950
00:44:41.079 --> 00:44:44.280
<v Speaker 2>this usually indicates a high pressure and stable air coming

951
00:44:44.320 --> 00:44:47.119
<v Speaker 2>in from the west. Basically, good weather will follow, and

952
00:44:47.159 --> 00:44:50.480
<v Speaker 2>a red sunrise can mean that good weather has passed.

953
00:44:50.760 --> 00:44:53.039
<v Speaker 2>And if it's deep, fiery red, there may be a

954
00:44:53.079 --> 00:44:55.679
<v Speaker 2>lot of water in the atmosphere. End quote. So red

955
00:44:55.719 --> 00:44:59.039
<v Speaker 2>skies in the morning, gather your galoshes, which means, if

956
00:44:59.119 --> 00:45:01.760
<v Speaker 2>you live in la you start canceling your plants. We

957
00:45:01.800 --> 00:45:03.840
<v Speaker 2>don't do rain. And a bunch of people, including first

958
00:45:03.840 --> 00:45:08.599
<v Speaker 2>time question asker Grace Baden, ask about acid rain, Like, yo,

959
00:45:08.840 --> 00:45:11.280
<v Speaker 2>can we talk about acid rain? Grace says, what is

960
00:45:11.360 --> 00:45:13.440
<v Speaker 2>up with that? And should we expect more occurrences of

961
00:45:13.480 --> 00:45:16.360
<v Speaker 2>acid rain to continue as we continue to fuck up

962
00:45:16.360 --> 00:45:18.079
<v Speaker 2>our atmosphere? Yeah?

963
00:45:18.119 --> 00:45:20.480
<v Speaker 4>So, I mean, like I said, water carries with it,

964
00:45:20.639 --> 00:45:22.400
<v Speaker 4>you know, the stuff that it was in it up

965
00:45:22.440 --> 00:45:24.800
<v Speaker 4>in the sky. And so if there's yeah, a lot

966
00:45:24.840 --> 00:45:28.000
<v Speaker 4>of carbon dioxide and the sky, or a lot of

967
00:45:28.000 --> 00:45:30.320
<v Speaker 4>sulfate forms like sulfur orica. But yeah, whatever's in the

968
00:45:30.320 --> 00:45:32.559
<v Speaker 4>atmosphere that can sort of form an acid, well, yet

969
00:45:32.559 --> 00:45:35.840
<v Speaker 4>it'll raise the acidity of the rain as it falls. Yeah,

970
00:45:35.960 --> 00:45:39.199
<v Speaker 4>it's pretty pretty gross and harmful. And yeah, if we

971
00:45:39.280 --> 00:45:42.239
<v Speaker 4>keep sticking stuff up in the atmosphere, that's the thing

972
00:45:42.320 --> 00:45:42.840
<v Speaker 4>that happens.

973
00:45:43.480 --> 00:45:46.760
<v Speaker 2>So acid rain was on American mines more in the

974
00:45:46.840 --> 00:45:50.440
<v Speaker 2>nineteen eighties before the Clean Air Act of nineteen ninety,

975
00:45:50.719 --> 00:45:54.920
<v Speaker 2>but that didn't totally curb sulfur dioxide emissions in some countries.

976
00:45:55.039 --> 00:45:58.639
<v Speaker 2>Environmental regulations haven't caught up since then. So acid rain,

977
00:45:59.000 --> 00:46:03.119
<v Speaker 2>just like acid water genes, remains a global threat. Logan

978
00:46:03.199 --> 00:46:05.719
<v Speaker 2>K wants to know. Is a SunDog a type of cloud?

979
00:46:06.480 --> 00:46:09.480
<v Speaker 4>No, it's SunDog is okay, So there has to be

980
00:46:09.519 --> 00:46:12.280
<v Speaker 4>a cloud for a SunDog to happen, Okay, But what

981
00:46:12.360 --> 00:46:14.519
<v Speaker 4>happens is it's usually a cloud that you can't see.

982
00:46:14.880 --> 00:46:17.519
<v Speaker 4>It's usually like a lot, like a really thin ice cloud.

983
00:46:18.440 --> 00:46:20.679
<v Speaker 4>And then if the sun is at a particular angle,

984
00:46:21.280 --> 00:46:23.599
<v Speaker 4>then the scattering of the sun off of that ice

985
00:46:23.639 --> 00:46:27.440
<v Speaker 4>cloud will make that really cool bright spot.

986
00:46:27.639 --> 00:46:30.280
<v Speaker 2>Oh I don't think I've ever seen a SunDog. Okay,

987
00:46:30.360 --> 00:46:33.159
<v Speaker 2>so I Google image search them and sun dogs are

988
00:46:33.199 --> 00:46:36.760
<v Speaker 2>like ice halos that make these glittery, shiny spots on

989
00:46:36.880 --> 00:46:40.039
<v Speaker 2>the horizon kind of flanking the sun like a couple

990
00:46:40.119 --> 00:46:43.199
<v Speaker 2>of Beyonce dancers. Now, Also, as long as I was

991
00:46:43.199 --> 00:46:46.159
<v Speaker 2>looking up sundogs, I was like, what about cloud cats?

992
00:46:46.239 --> 00:46:49.159
<v Speaker 2>Boy freakin' hownie. There are a lot of cat shaped

993
00:46:49.199 --> 00:46:52.920
<v Speaker 2>clouds on the Internet. Some of them have questionable authenticity.

994
00:46:53.199 --> 00:46:56.000
<v Speaker 2>There's a lot of heart shaped clouds too, and some

995
00:46:56.039 --> 00:47:00.880
<v Speaker 2>real deal dinosaur shaped clouds and dong shaped form according

996
00:47:00.880 --> 00:47:03.840
<v Speaker 2>to a whole roundup of them in the British newspaper

997
00:47:04.119 --> 00:47:08.119
<v Speaker 2>The Sun Sky, Dino's sun dogs cat clouds. As long

998
00:47:08.159 --> 00:47:10.800
<v Speaker 2>as we're talking cats and dogs. Side note, raining cats

999
00:47:10.800 --> 00:47:14.039
<v Speaker 2>and dogs may have come from the Greek phrase catadoxa,

1000
00:47:14.159 --> 00:47:18.679
<v Speaker 2>which means beyond previous experience. Well trivia for you. Speaking

1001
00:47:18.719 --> 00:47:21.920
<v Speaker 2>of which, Lauren Kipperl wants to know how heavy does

1002
00:47:21.920 --> 00:47:23.440
<v Speaker 2>a cloud need to be before it rains?

1003
00:47:24.320 --> 00:47:27.119
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, so it's not necessarily about the heaviness of the cloud.

1004
00:47:27.199 --> 00:47:29.199
<v Speaker 4>It's sort of about the heaviness of the drops. Okay,

1005
00:47:29.559 --> 00:47:31.800
<v Speaker 4>there has to be enough water so that like rain

1006
00:47:31.880 --> 00:47:33.960
<v Speaker 4>can form. You know, a rain drop that has to

1007
00:47:33.960 --> 00:47:36.559
<v Speaker 4>be certain sort of a certain size before it's big enough,

1008
00:47:36.559 --> 00:47:40.039
<v Speaker 4>heavy enough to fall through there ballpark. Like a rain

1009
00:47:40.119 --> 00:47:43.360
<v Speaker 4>drop is like, I don't know, a millimeter or something

1010
00:47:43.400 --> 00:47:43.719
<v Speaker 4>like that.

1011
00:47:43.840 --> 00:47:45.000
<v Speaker 3>Okay ooh.

1012
00:47:45.960 --> 00:47:49.000
<v Speaker 2>Also, after we stopped recording, Rachel mentioned that the rain

1013
00:47:49.079 --> 00:47:51.840
<v Speaker 2>drop emoji is on our shit list too, because rain

1014
00:47:51.920 --> 00:47:54.760
<v Speaker 2>drops flatten out when they're falling and they make the

1015
00:47:54.760 --> 00:47:58.000
<v Speaker 2>shape of like a boob implant or like a whoopee

1016
00:47:58.000 --> 00:48:01.239
<v Speaker 2>cushion or I guess a lentil. So now we know

1017
00:48:01.599 --> 00:48:06.440
<v Speaker 2>that boob implants and whoopy cushions are lenticular. What a great, big,

1018
00:48:06.480 --> 00:48:09.079
<v Speaker 2>beautiful world we live in. John Moorster said, I've seen

1019
00:48:09.079 --> 00:48:11.119
<v Speaker 2>clouds that have tornadoes in them and they have a

1020
00:48:11.119 --> 00:48:14.480
<v Speaker 2>greenish tint. I live in Nebraska. Is that the hail?

1021
00:48:14.719 --> 00:48:15.039
<v Speaker 4>The hail?

1022
00:48:15.159 --> 00:48:15.639
<v Speaker 2>Yeah?

1023
00:48:15.639 --> 00:48:16.519
<v Speaker 6>What the hail?

1024
00:48:17.320 --> 00:48:20.559
<v Speaker 2>Pandora two says that my son Shay, who's nine and

1025
00:48:20.719 --> 00:48:23.199
<v Speaker 2>is a first time asker, wants to know why are

1026
00:48:23.239 --> 00:48:24.440
<v Speaker 2>clouds never square?

1027
00:48:25.559 --> 00:48:31.960
<v Speaker 3>Oh that's neat. I like that kids ask the best questions.

1028
00:48:32.920 --> 00:48:36.079
<v Speaker 4>Because I would say probably because of like turbulence and

1029
00:48:36.119 --> 00:48:40.079
<v Speaker 4>arizonays moving around and stuff like that. Plus there's like

1030
00:48:40.719 --> 00:48:43.840
<v Speaker 4>all this sort of like chaotic stuff that happens on

1031
00:48:43.880 --> 00:48:44.599
<v Speaker 4>the small scale.

1032
00:48:44.599 --> 00:48:45.840
<v Speaker 3>And clouds where.

1033
00:48:45.960 --> 00:48:48.840
<v Speaker 4>You know, just because you have sort of similar conditions

1034
00:48:48.920 --> 00:48:51.360
<v Speaker 4>right here, they won't be exactly the same ten feet away,

1035
00:48:51.400 --> 00:48:53.559
<v Speaker 4>and so maybe you'll get a little bit more cloud

1036
00:48:53.559 --> 00:48:55.679
<v Speaker 4>here than you get there. And it's all kind of uneven.

1037
00:48:56.199 --> 00:48:57.639
<v Speaker 2>But they're flat on the bottom.

1038
00:48:57.800 --> 00:48:59.000
<v Speaker 3>They're pretty flat in the bottom.

1039
00:48:59.320 --> 00:49:02.280
<v Speaker 2>Megan Leonard first top question asker wants to know can

1040
00:49:02.320 --> 00:49:06.199
<v Speaker 2>clouds carry parasites or harmful pathogens like giardia?

1041
00:49:06.800 --> 00:49:07.159
<v Speaker 3>Oh?

1042
00:49:07.320 --> 00:49:10.360
<v Speaker 2>Can clouds get beaver fever? Is also another thing that

1043
00:49:10.440 --> 00:49:12.079
<v Speaker 2>Megan would like to know. I don't know.

1044
00:49:12.480 --> 00:49:15.119
<v Speaker 4>I don't know what that is. Okay, that sounds in appropriate.

1045
00:49:17.599 --> 00:49:20.760
<v Speaker 4>I have no idea if claud presumably like I mean, yeah,

1046
00:49:20.800 --> 00:49:23.880
<v Speaker 4>I know that they can have bacteria. Yeah, Like bacteria

1047
00:49:23.960 --> 00:49:28.559
<v Speaker 4>is something that can actually be like a cloud condensation

1048
00:49:28.639 --> 00:49:31.400
<v Speaker 4>nuclei if it's like the right shape or whatever.

1049
00:49:31.719 --> 00:49:37.159
<v Speaker 2>Really, so it could rain giardia down on you maybe maybe,

1050
00:49:37.199 --> 00:49:40.239
<v Speaker 2>I hope not. I just googled can it range giardia?

1051
00:49:40.320 --> 00:49:42.719
<v Speaker 2>And I found out that there can be algae and

1052
00:49:42.800 --> 00:49:45.679
<v Speaker 2>fungus and bacteria, all kinds of things in clouds, and

1053
00:49:45.800 --> 00:49:50.159
<v Speaker 2>between that and the chemtrail research, Google's probably pretty worried

1054
00:49:50.199 --> 00:49:52.960
<v Speaker 2>about me. Have you ever heard about those storms of

1055
00:49:53.000 --> 00:49:56.960
<v Speaker 2>like lizards and frogs that rain down, Yeah, that'll turn

1056
00:49:57.000 --> 00:50:00.480
<v Speaker 2>out cloud green. If you're like lizard brain Dad, you're

1057
00:50:00.480 --> 00:50:03.320
<v Speaker 2>on the drugs. I swear I am not. Please listen

1058
00:50:03.400 --> 00:50:05.800
<v Speaker 2>to the Thermophysiology episode if you have not, it's with

1059
00:50:05.800 --> 00:50:09.000
<v Speaker 2>the wonderful doctor Shane campbells Stayton for more on clouds

1060
00:50:09.039 --> 00:50:13.719
<v Speaker 2>of cold blooded critters. Ethan Better has a great question.

1061
00:50:13.920 --> 00:50:16.280
<v Speaker 2>Wants to know if different clouds had personalities, what would

1062
00:50:16.280 --> 00:50:16.480
<v Speaker 2>they be?

1063
00:50:16.840 --> 00:50:24.320
<v Speaker 4>Oh my gosh, wow, I mean you know, Stratus clouds

1064
00:50:24.320 --> 00:50:29.840
<v Speaker 4>would be sort of like gloomy, you know, like emo, yeah,

1065
00:50:29.960 --> 00:50:32.519
<v Speaker 4>or like I'm picturing like sadness on inside out, you know,

1066
00:50:33.079 --> 00:50:37.199
<v Speaker 4>sort of like l and then and then yeah. Cumulus

1067
00:50:37.280 --> 00:50:39.760
<v Speaker 4>clouds would be would be pretty happy, I think, right. Okay,

1068
00:50:39.920 --> 00:50:41.599
<v Speaker 4>just they're the pretty friendly, they're just chill.

1069
00:50:42.760 --> 00:50:44.119
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. Cumulative as clouds will.

1070
00:50:44.039 --> 00:50:46.800
<v Speaker 4>Probably be like you have like a short temper, okay,

1071
00:50:48.039 --> 00:50:48.760
<v Speaker 4>make the thunder.

1072
00:50:49.159 --> 00:50:51.360
<v Speaker 2>What would lenticular clouds be, like, you're weird? Aunt?

1073
00:50:52.360 --> 00:50:52.679
<v Speaker 3>Maybe?

1074
00:50:52.840 --> 00:50:58.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I feel like a pyro cumulus would be uh yeah,

1075
00:50:58.400 --> 00:50:59.360
<v Speaker 2>not someone I would want to.

1076
00:50:59.360 --> 00:51:00.800
<v Speaker 3>Mess withroably not.

1077
00:51:01.760 --> 00:51:04.440
<v Speaker 2>First timer Polytar wants to know why do clouds look

1078
00:51:04.480 --> 00:51:05.639
<v Speaker 2>like they're moving really fast?

1079
00:51:05.639 --> 00:51:08.920
<v Speaker 4>Sometimes they are moving really fast, sometimes really have Yeah,

1080
00:51:09.000 --> 00:51:12.559
<v Speaker 4>I mean so like you tend to get like, you know,

1081
00:51:12.760 --> 00:51:14.960
<v Speaker 4>how there is a jet stream that jets like to

1082
00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:15.320
<v Speaker 4>fly in.

1083
00:51:15.639 --> 00:51:16.800
<v Speaker 3>I mean, the air up there.

1084
00:51:16.760 --> 00:51:22.320
<v Speaker 4>Can move like oh, trying to think like fifty knots

1085
00:51:22.480 --> 00:51:25.239
<v Speaker 4>or something like that, so it can just zooms through.

1086
00:51:25.360 --> 00:51:25.599
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

1087
00:51:25.800 --> 00:51:27.639
<v Speaker 4>And if you look up and there's clouds at different layers,

1088
00:51:27.639 --> 00:51:29.039
<v Speaker 4>it's cool. You can you see that they're moving at

1089
00:51:29.079 --> 00:51:29.760
<v Speaker 4>different speeds.

1090
00:51:29.920 --> 00:51:32.159
<v Speaker 2>Ah, so you can just sort of track one and

1091
00:51:33.559 --> 00:51:35.880
<v Speaker 2>it's just floating right over you. Yeah, just like ah,

1092
00:51:35.920 --> 00:51:39.280
<v Speaker 2>we're bot. Melissa Crocey wants to know first time question asker,

1093
00:51:39.519 --> 00:51:42.440
<v Speaker 2>what do we know about clouds on other planets? If anything?

1094
00:51:42.519 --> 00:51:44.719
<v Speaker 2>Are there different types of clouds on those planets?

1095
00:51:45.559 --> 00:51:45.800
<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

1096
00:51:45.840 --> 00:51:48.119
<v Speaker 4>So, the the neat thing about clouds on other planets

1097
00:51:48.159 --> 00:51:50.079
<v Speaker 4>is that a lot of them aren't water clouds, which

1098
00:51:50.119 --> 00:51:52.480
<v Speaker 4>is like just sort of mind boggling to think about,

1099
00:51:52.519 --> 00:51:55.639
<v Speaker 4>because the temperatures are like so much colder, for instance,

1100
00:51:55.679 --> 00:51:58.719
<v Speaker 4>that you can get like methane clouds stuff like that.

1101
00:51:58.880 --> 00:51:59.960
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, so that's pretty neat.

1102
00:52:00.280 --> 00:52:03.119
<v Speaker 2>Okay. I checked into this and NASA JPL researchers have

1103
00:52:03.320 --> 00:52:07.079
<v Speaker 2>calculated that in the methane stormy regions of Saturn it

1104
00:52:07.119 --> 00:52:10.440
<v Speaker 2>could rate up to two point two million pounds of

1105
00:52:10.559 --> 00:52:14.519
<v Speaker 2>diamonds annually. You have a crush on Saturn, now, don't you.

1106
00:52:14.760 --> 00:52:16.880
<v Speaker 2>If you like it, you can have to put a

1107
00:52:16.920 --> 00:52:18.400
<v Speaker 2>ring on it. Rings.

1108
00:52:18.480 --> 00:52:18.800
<v Speaker 4>Okay.

1109
00:52:19.400 --> 00:52:21.239
<v Speaker 2>You know what's funny about that is when I picture

1110
00:52:21.280 --> 00:52:24.360
<v Speaker 2>it raining diamonds, I picture it like cut gemstones and

1111
00:52:24.440 --> 00:52:25.280
<v Speaker 2>not just rocks.

1112
00:52:25.320 --> 00:52:26.880
<v Speaker 3>Like I picture that.

1113
00:52:28.239 --> 00:52:30.440
<v Speaker 4>There's an episode of Doctor Who I think where there's

1114
00:52:30.480 --> 00:52:33.000
<v Speaker 4>like something like that, some sort of diamond planet.

1115
00:52:33.079 --> 00:52:35.559
<v Speaker 2>Like they're already cut in polish, like the diamond mode.

1116
00:52:35.599 --> 00:52:37.960
<v Speaker 2>I picture the same thing, and you're like, ow out.

1117
00:52:38.280 --> 00:52:41.599
<v Speaker 2>What do you think is the crappiest thing about clouds?

1118
00:52:41.880 --> 00:52:43.800
<v Speaker 2>What do you hate or what do you hate about

1119
00:52:43.800 --> 00:52:46.440
<v Speaker 2>studying them? Or what is your least favorite cloud? What

1120
00:52:47.039 --> 00:52:49.840
<v Speaker 2>about clouds is on your shit list?

1121
00:52:50.679 --> 00:52:51.119
<v Speaker 3>Wow?

1122
00:52:51.960 --> 00:52:54.480
<v Speaker 4>I don't know. I just love clouds. But yeah, I mean,

1123
00:52:54.519 --> 00:52:58.320
<v Speaker 4>being a scientist is frustrating sometimes. I mean there's you know,

1124
00:52:58.360 --> 00:53:01.239
<v Speaker 4>there are days when all you're doing is like googling

1125
00:53:01.360 --> 00:53:05.519
<v Speaker 4>error messages for some code or you know, like when

1126
00:53:05.559 --> 00:53:08.679
<v Speaker 4>you have to write papers or proposals or whatever, and

1127
00:53:08.719 --> 00:53:11.079
<v Speaker 4>you're like spending all this time writing, which is like

1128
00:53:11.480 --> 00:53:14.159
<v Speaker 4>one of those things that I never really enjoyed doing

1129
00:53:14.159 --> 00:53:16.119
<v Speaker 4>and nobody really told me was such a huge part

1130
00:53:16.119 --> 00:53:17.440
<v Speaker 4>of the job until I was like it was like

1131
00:53:17.480 --> 00:53:18.760
<v Speaker 4>too late to change my mind.

1132
00:53:19.360 --> 00:53:21.800
<v Speaker 2>So people picture you just on a grassy hill staring

1133
00:53:21.880 --> 00:53:25.079
<v Speaker 2>up at the sky with maybe like a casual notepad

1134
00:53:25.159 --> 00:53:26.440
<v Speaker 2>next to you, but really you're like.

1135
00:53:26.920 --> 00:53:30.519
<v Speaker 4>You're at a computer. Yeah, I'm at a computer constantly. Yeah,

1136
00:53:30.559 --> 00:53:32.480
<v Speaker 4>I mean what, I use computer models to do my

1137
00:53:32.519 --> 00:53:35.239
<v Speaker 4>work and yeah, so I you know, make fake clouds

1138
00:53:35.280 --> 00:53:37.599
<v Speaker 4>in the computer. They're less pretty than the real ones.

1139
00:53:38.920 --> 00:53:41.559
<v Speaker 2>What do you love the most about clouds or your

1140
00:53:41.599 --> 00:53:43.960
<v Speaker 2>work or about being a nephologist, which you know know

1141
00:53:44.000 --> 00:53:44.239
<v Speaker 2>you are.

1142
00:53:44.760 --> 00:53:47.480
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I mean I just love that, like on a

1143
00:53:47.599 --> 00:53:49.760
<v Speaker 4>day when my work is making me grumpy, that I

1144
00:53:49.800 --> 00:53:51.760
<v Speaker 4>can just go outside and look at the sky and

1145
00:53:51.800 --> 00:53:54.199
<v Speaker 4>be like, oh, right, that's the thing that I'm studying,

1146
00:53:54.280 --> 00:53:57.320
<v Speaker 4>like this cool thing, And you know, I get to

1147
00:53:57.519 --> 00:53:59.599
<v Speaker 4>work with other people who get excited about it too.

1148
00:53:59.719 --> 00:54:01.559
<v Speaker 3>Like the few days of the year that we do

1149
00:54:01.599 --> 00:54:02.559
<v Speaker 3>get a storm come through.

1150
00:54:02.599 --> 00:54:04.719
<v Speaker 4>There's like a couple of us that are like really

1151
00:54:04.719 --> 00:54:06.519
<v Speaker 4>like the weather we needs in the group that'll be

1152
00:54:06.559 --> 00:54:09.239
<v Speaker 4>like outside, like huddled on the side, like, oh.

1153
00:54:09.079 --> 00:54:12.000
<v Speaker 3>My gosh, there's actual weather, I know.

1154
00:54:12.079 --> 00:54:14.199
<v Speaker 2>And the greatest thing about la is that when it

1155
00:54:14.239 --> 00:54:16.800
<v Speaker 2>does rain here, it's like a holiday, Like, yeah, people

1156
00:54:16.840 --> 00:54:20.760
<v Speaker 2>don't go to work. Yeah, everyone cancels their planned it's

1157
00:54:20.840 --> 00:54:23.119
<v Speaker 2>just like, well it's raining, and it's like, oh no, no, no,

1158
00:54:23.199 --> 00:54:25.960
<v Speaker 2>I know, we'll I'll be staying home, which is so thrilling.

1159
00:54:26.639 --> 00:54:29.320
<v Speaker 2>Any advice to anyone who wants to become an apologist.

1160
00:54:30.679 --> 00:54:33.239
<v Speaker 4>So, one of the biggest things in meteorology that I

1161
00:54:33.280 --> 00:54:35.800
<v Speaker 4>think maybe people don't know is how much math it is.

1162
00:54:36.039 --> 00:54:39.039
<v Speaker 3>Okay, so if you want.

1163
00:54:38.840 --> 00:54:41.679
<v Speaker 4>To study meteorology, you should probably bone up on your

1164
00:54:41.679 --> 00:54:43.599
<v Speaker 4>math skills a lot of like mathe and physics and

1165
00:54:43.599 --> 00:54:44.280
<v Speaker 4>stuff like that.

1166
00:54:44.440 --> 00:54:46.320
<v Speaker 2>Cool. Well, I would say that you were a ray

1167
00:54:46.320 --> 00:54:48.920
<v Speaker 2>of sunshine, but you're really uh, I feel like that's

1168
00:54:48.920 --> 00:54:51.039
<v Speaker 2>an insult in your work. So you're just a very

1169
00:54:51.079 --> 00:54:55.320
<v Speaker 2>You're a very dense and deep, dark, stormy cloud. And

1170
00:54:55.440 --> 00:54:58.639
<v Speaker 2>I mean that as a compliment. Okay, that's the best

1171
00:54:58.679 --> 00:55:02.559
<v Speaker 2>kind of cloud, right them. So as always meet smart

1172
00:55:02.599 --> 00:55:04.880
<v Speaker 2>people and then invite them into your home if you

1173
00:55:04.920 --> 00:55:07.679
<v Speaker 2>feel like it, to ask them stupid questions, and to

1174
00:55:07.760 --> 00:55:11.400
<v Speaker 2>follow doctor stores. She's on Twitter at clouds in my Beer.

1175
00:55:11.840 --> 00:55:14.719
<v Speaker 2>We're at Ologies on Twitter, Come be friends with us

1176
00:55:14.800 --> 00:55:18.119
<v Speaker 2>on that and on Instagram We're at Ologies. You can

1177
00:55:18.159 --> 00:55:20.840
<v Speaker 2>tag your merch photos Ologies Merch and we repost you

1178
00:55:20.880 --> 00:55:23.320
<v Speaker 2>on Mondays. And thanks to Shannon Feltis and Bonnie Dutch

1179
00:55:23.320 --> 00:55:25.400
<v Speaker 2>for handling that. They host the comedy podcast You Are

1180
00:55:25.440 --> 00:55:27.719
<v Speaker 2>That and you should take a listen. Thank you to

1181
00:55:27.760 --> 00:55:30.880
<v Speaker 2>Aaron Talbert for admitting the Ologies Facebook group. Thank you

1182
00:55:30.920 --> 00:55:33.960
<v Speaker 2>to Emily White and all of the Ologies transcribers out

1183
00:55:33.960 --> 00:55:37.480
<v Speaker 2>there for making episodes accessible for free. Those and bleeped

1184
00:55:37.519 --> 00:55:40.360
<v Speaker 2>episodes for kids are up at alleyboard dot com slash

1185
00:55:40.400 --> 00:55:42.920
<v Speaker 2>Ologies Extra. There's a link in the show notes, and

1186
00:55:43.079 --> 00:55:47.119
<v Speaker 2>if you ever need a pro transcriptionist, email hire Emily

1187
00:55:47.159 --> 00:55:50.039
<v Speaker 2>White at gmail dot com. She is wonderful. Thank you

1188
00:55:50.119 --> 00:55:52.920
<v Speaker 2>Jarrett Sleeper for the assistant editing and some research out

1189
00:55:53.000 --> 00:55:55.480
<v Speaker 2>this week, and as always, the Happy Cumulus and the

1190
00:55:55.480 --> 00:55:58.000
<v Speaker 2>shape of Mustache. Stephen Ray Morris, who hosts the Kitty

1191
00:55:58.079 --> 00:56:01.159
<v Speaker 2>Theme per Cast and the Dino Themed SDRA write podcasts

1192
00:56:01.519 --> 00:56:04.480
<v Speaker 2>for Lead Editing could not do it without you. Nick

1193
00:56:04.519 --> 00:56:06.880
<v Speaker 2>Thorburn wrote and performed the theme song. Now, if you

1194
00:56:06.920 --> 00:56:08.440
<v Speaker 2>listen to the end of the episode, you know I

1195
00:56:08.519 --> 00:56:10.239
<v Speaker 2>tell you a secret and this week.

1196
00:56:10.679 --> 00:56:11.000
<v Speaker 3>Okay.

1197
00:56:11.039 --> 00:56:12.960
<v Speaker 2>So, once I had this big meeting, I was really

1198
00:56:12.960 --> 00:56:15.559
<v Speaker 2>nervous about it, and for fun at a time, I

1199
00:56:15.599 --> 00:56:17.679
<v Speaker 2>was talking to a good friend who's like, let me

1200
00:56:17.760 --> 00:56:20.320
<v Speaker 2>draw you a tarot card from the deck sitting next

1201
00:56:20.320 --> 00:56:22.840
<v Speaker 2>to me, I'll see what advice I should give you,

1202
00:56:23.000 --> 00:56:25.199
<v Speaker 2>kind of like and let's see what your fortune cookie says.

1203
00:56:25.440 --> 00:56:27.559
<v Speaker 2>And the card was a sword, and I don't know

1204
00:56:27.599 --> 00:56:29.440
<v Speaker 2>dick about taro, but she was like, oh, that kind

1205
00:56:29.440 --> 00:56:32.559
<v Speaker 2>of means like action and courage and power. And I

1206
00:56:32.599 --> 00:56:35.039
<v Speaker 2>was like, that's tight. Those are good meeting vibes. So

1207
00:56:35.280 --> 00:56:39.000
<v Speaker 2>before the meeting, to remember to feel like strong and courageous,

1208
00:56:39.760 --> 00:56:42.000
<v Speaker 2>I straight up took a sharpie and I drew a

1209
00:56:42.039 --> 00:56:44.960
<v Speaker 2>sword on my stomach. And it was fun going into

1210
00:56:44.960 --> 00:56:47.840
<v Speaker 2>a meeting knowing that I had a giant, sloppy, asymmetrical,

1211
00:56:47.920 --> 00:56:50.760
<v Speaker 2>poorly drawn sword on my belly under my shirt and

1212
00:56:50.800 --> 00:56:54.039
<v Speaker 2>nobody else knew. But now you know, so go ahead

1213
00:56:54.360 --> 00:56:57.280
<v Speaker 2>write crazy shit on your body before a meeting, but

1214
00:56:57.320 --> 00:56:58.920
<v Speaker 2>don't do it before a date because if it goes well,

1215
00:56:58.960 --> 00:57:00.960
<v Speaker 2>that could be really weird. Nless you're seeing an X

1216
00:57:01.039 --> 00:57:03.000
<v Speaker 2>and you don't want to get back together, And then

1217
00:57:03.039 --> 00:57:05.119
<v Speaker 2>maybe you could write, hey, if you can read this,

1218
00:57:05.119 --> 00:57:07.400
<v Speaker 2>this was a mistake, which would probably kill the mood

1219
00:57:07.400 --> 00:57:08.039
<v Speaker 2>pretty quickly.

1220
00:57:08.239 --> 00:57:09.239
<v Speaker 4>So hot tip there.

1221
00:57:09.400 --> 00:57:12.360
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, it's your body, graffiti it up for the day. Also,

1222
00:57:12.599 --> 00:57:14.960
<v Speaker 2>sometimes it's fun to write happy birthday on your butt

1223
00:57:15.079 --> 00:57:16.719
<v Speaker 2>and then hang out with a friend all day and

1224
00:57:16.760 --> 00:57:19.480
<v Speaker 2>then moon them and they're like, surprise. Just make sure

1225
00:57:19.480 --> 00:57:21.679
<v Speaker 2>that the ink is non toxic. I'm just your old

1226
00:57:21.760 --> 00:57:22.639
<v Speaker 2>dad looking out for you.

1227
00:57:22.719 --> 00:57:36.679
<v Speaker 5>Okay, bye bye, pacodermatologybiology, rypto, zoology, lithology, Yeah, erreology, meteorology, mattology, apology, seriology, silology.

1228
00:57:43.519 --> 00:57:45.400
<v Speaker 1>Right up in here, we'll make a happy little cloud.

1229
00:57:45.559 --> 00:57:47.239
<v Speaker 1>Here's just the corner of the brush.

1230
00:57:47.480 --> 00:57:49.480
<v Speaker 6>You can just put as many layers of clouds in

1231
00:57:49.519 --> 00:57:50.440
<v Speaker 6>your world as you want.

1232
00:57:51.639 --> 00:57:55.760
<v Speaker 1>Quick do one layer to tack. Get value, you can't

1233
00:57:55.840 --> 00:57:58.960
<v Speaker 1>argue with Optsko with their amazing club card prices. Serve

1234
00:57:59.039 --> 00:58:01.400
<v Speaker 1>up something special with our finest meal deal for two

1235
00:58:01.559 --> 00:58:04.199
<v Speaker 1>starring one main, two sides and dessert for only sixteen

1236
00:58:04.239 --> 00:58:07.760
<v Speaker 1>euro like succulent board be approved. Irishanger strip loin steaks

1237
00:58:07.760 --> 00:58:11.360
<v Speaker 1>with pepper corn butter or delicious Irish chicken Parmeshana served

1238
00:58:11.360 --> 00:58:14.000
<v Speaker 1>with creamy potato crotam and her mix of rainbow root

1239
00:58:14.119 --> 00:58:18.559
<v Speaker 1>vegetables and enjoy Goozillionaire or Soldier caramel cheesecake. Can't argue

1240
00:58:18.599 --> 00:58:22.079
<v Speaker 1>with that shop in store or online. Tesco Every Little

1241
00:58:22.119 --> 00:58:24.599
<v Speaker 1>Helps available at most stores, Prices varying. Express