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<v Speaker 1>Hey, this is Ali Ward here with Ologies. Now a

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<v Speaker 1>few things up up top. If you like Ologies, I

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<v Speaker 1>personally myself would love it if you took a second

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<v Speaker 1>to rate and or review it on iTunes. Have you

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<v Speaker 1>done that yet? It doesn't cost any money, you just

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<v Speaker 1>do it. This week we were in the top twenty

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<v Speaker 1>of science podcasts, which gets the show seen by so

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<v Speaker 1>many people. It was nestled between literally four shows about

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<v Speaker 1>ghost crimes, which is like, okay, but I think the

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<v Speaker 1>ologists I've gotten to talk to you deserve to be

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<v Speaker 1>heard and I would love to see Ologies climb up.

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<v Speaker 1>And I also totally read all of your reviews. I'm

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<v Speaker 1>thrilled by them. Today someone named smileness. There are sixss'es

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<v Speaker 1>in that said the actual best, yep, the actual best.

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<v Speaker 1>When things get all jargony, Ali fills in the gaps,

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<v Speaker 1>great guests, great topics, and a genuinely lovable host, which,

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<v Speaker 1>by the way, I read that while walking into the

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<v Speaker 1>post office and I almost started crying or skipping. So

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<v Speaker 1>thank you everyone for these. When you leave reviews and

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<v Speaker 1>you rate it, other people say, hey, what's this thing now?

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<v Speaker 1>Cosmology Part two? If you listen to the very very

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<v Speaker 1>end of part one last week with the just phenomenal

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<v Speaker 1>doctor Katie Mac aka Astro Katie. Then you learned a

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<v Speaker 1>lot about particle physics and the large heart on collider string, cheese,

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<v Speaker 1>black holes, the world's most expensive selfie, and your own

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<v Speaker 1>aching insignificance, all of ours. If you haven't listened, give

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<v Speaker 1>it to go. I also tell you of somewhat embarrassing

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<v Speaker 1>secret at the very end of the podcast. Maybe I'll

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<v Speaker 1>do that again. So Part two with Doctor Mac means

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<v Speaker 1>getting right into the nitty gritty your questions and trust me,

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<v Speaker 1>I had a million, but Katie and I were late

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<v Speaker 1>to meet up with friends to see Murder on the

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<v Speaker 1>Oran Express, so I could only ask about half an

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<v Speaker 1>hour's worth of questions. So I may have to nab

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<v Speaker 1>her in a few sure to ask the rest because

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<v Speaker 1>there's so many good questions. I have so many questions

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<v Speaker 1>from Okay, it's like a rapid fire around Sure.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I'm just I'm here for it.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, I'm going to throw a bunch of questions at you.

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<v Speaker 1>If you want to skip any of them, you can

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<v Speaker 1>just pass. First questions. I'm going to ask her from

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<v Speaker 1>the patron page. So people are patrons.

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<v Speaker 2>We appreciate them very much. They are great people.

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<v Speaker 1>They are great people, task sick, and we.

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<v Speaker 2>Want them to continue and ask lots of questions. Yes,

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<v Speaker 2>which are all very good questions.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, exactly. Yes, you can be a patron for twenty

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<v Speaker 1>five cents an episode.

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<v Speaker 2>Which is an amazing deal.

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<v Speaker 1>Isn't it a good deal?

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<v Speaker 2>People should totally do that.

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<v Speaker 1>I want to make it accessible.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>If you did feel like tossing a dollar a month

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<v Speaker 1>to keep this podcast continuing free of obnoxious ads, then

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<v Speaker 1>get yourself overdue patreon dot com slash ologies. I post

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<v Speaker 1>calls for questions, some behind the scene photos or some

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<v Speaker 1>patron only videos, and for twenty five dollars a month,

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<v Speaker 1>I'll be your emergency contact, which I hope you never need.

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<v Speaker 1>And also I may not be reliable, so for a

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<v Speaker 1>dollar a month, your questions get bumped to the top.

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<v Speaker 1>This is a question. I'm just gonna say one of

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<v Speaker 1>the questions, but three different people asked a variation of it.

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<v Speaker 1>Aaron Herdman and Alex Introini Intornini, Alex diy that right,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm sorry. Both wanted to know is there a name

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<v Speaker 1>for the disorientation in panic one feels when considering the

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<v Speaker 1>vastness of the universe. Also, do you know of a

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<v Speaker 1>way to get past it?

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<v Speaker 2>There is a name, so, but there are a couple

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<v Speaker 2>of names. One is cosmic brutigo, okay, and the other

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<v Speaker 2>is cosmophobia. And I don't know if these are like

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<v Speaker 2>official names, but these are names that I've heard. There's

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<v Speaker 2>a couple of friends and colleagues of mine have a

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<v Speaker 2>podcast called Cosmic Vertigo where they talk about cosmology and

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<v Speaker 2>stuff and space and things. But it's based on that topic.

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<v Speaker 2>And cosmophobia I know about because I occasionally get emails

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<v Speaker 2>from people who say that they have severe cases and

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<v Speaker 2>want my help. So it is a thing sometimes people

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<v Speaker 2>get really really upset about, like the fastness of space

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<v Speaker 2>or just like the fact that we have no control

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<v Speaker 2>over these huge forces. I mean that is something like

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<v Speaker 2>I have moments where I'm like, whoa right, Like, because

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<v Speaker 2>there are things like you know, black holes are colliding

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<v Speaker 2>with each other, and and like the universe is expanding

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<v Speaker 2>and it's accelerating. It's in its expansion, and like it's

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<v Speaker 2>getting bigger and bigger and faster and faster, and like

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<v Speaker 2>sometimes you know that stuff is really you know, I mean,

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<v Speaker 2>you think about your little life and what's going on

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<v Speaker 2>in your day to day and at the same time,

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<v Speaker 2>like stars are exploding and you know, and we have

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<v Speaker 2>we can look, but we can look at the Big Bang,

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<v Speaker 2>like we can actually see the primordial fireball of the

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<v Speaker 2>Big Bang, Like we can see that.

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<v Speaker 1>How ladies and gentlemen ali ward zero chill.

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<v Speaker 2>The reason is that the Big Bang Theory TV show.

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<v Speaker 2>Beginning of the show.

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<v Speaker 1>Are universe seeing a hot dance.

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<v Speaker 2>And nearly fourteen billion years ago expansion started. Anyway, that's

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<v Speaker 2>the Big Bang theory. That is, that's a very good

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<v Speaker 2>explanation of the Big Bang theory.

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<v Speaker 1>Thank you Bare Naked Ladies, which is the first and

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<v Speaker 1>maybe the only time I'm going to say that sentence start.

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<v Speaker 2>With a big bang. The whole universe was hot and

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<v Speaker 2>dense and smaller than it is now. So the Big

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<v Speaker 2>Bang theory is just the idea that the universe in

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<v Speaker 2>the past was smaller and denser and hotter than it

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<v Speaker 2>is now. And so if you kind of dial back

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<v Speaker 2>the current expansion of the universe, then you get to

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<v Speaker 2>the universe being very very small and dense and hot.

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<v Speaker 2>And so every point in the universe now was at

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<v Speaker 2>some point much hotter and filled with like radiation. Right, So,

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<v Speaker 2>like this part of the universe now, in the very

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<v Speaker 2>distant past was full of radiation and very hot and

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<v Speaker 2>very dense.

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<v Speaker 1>Right.

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<v Speaker 2>But so when we look out into other parts of

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<v Speaker 2>the universe, because light takes time to travel everywhere, every

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<v Speaker 2>time we look farther away, we're looking farther into the past.

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<v Speaker 2>And so we're looking at that part of the universe

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<v Speaker 2>as it was maybe a billion years ago or five

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<v Speaker 2>billion years ago or whatever. And there's a part of

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<v Speaker 2>the universe that's so distant that when we look at it,

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<v Speaker 2>we're looking at it as it was during the time

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<v Speaker 2>when it was still on fire. Right, So we look

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<v Speaker 2>as we look into the distance in any direction, we're

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<v Speaker 2>seeing that part of the universe as it was when

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<v Speaker 2>it was still in that primordial fireball kind of state.

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<v Speaker 1>Which was how long ago it was, well.

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<v Speaker 2>That was that was around So the fireball started to

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<v Speaker 2>cool around three hundred and eighty thousand years after the

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<v Speaker 2>Big bang whatever, after the moment of the beginning, whatever

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<v Speaker 2>you call that, because this is that's still part of

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<v Speaker 2>the hot big bang, which is like the hot phase.

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<v Speaker 2>So we can actually see radiation coming from every direction

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<v Speaker 2>in the sky. That is the radiation of that heat.

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<v Speaker 2>Like that that radiation from that early time just reaching

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<v Speaker 2>us now from really distant parts of the universe, and

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<v Speaker 2>so we can look at it and we're looking at

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<v Speaker 2>like the fireball universe. We're looking at that primordial plasma,

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<v Speaker 2>and so like we see the yeah, yeah, and so

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<v Speaker 2>like we know that it happened because we can see it.

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<v Speaker 2>We can watch it, right, We can actually see parts

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<v Speaker 2>of the universe that are still still there as far

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<v Speaker 2>as we're concerned.

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<v Speaker 1>And that can give you cosmic fartigogy.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, just like just like thinking about like you know,

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<v Speaker 2>that was that was a big important event, and like

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<v Speaker 2>so this sort of like nice, gentle stable universe is

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<v Speaker 2>not That's not how it always was. And we don't know,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, we think that most cosmologists think at the

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<v Speaker 2>beginning of the universe, before or that hot phase, there

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<v Speaker 2>was a period of very rapid expansion of the universe

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<v Speaker 2>called inflation. We don't know why that started, We don't

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<v Speaker 2>know why that ended. We don't know that that couldn't

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<v Speaker 2>just start happening again right here, right now. There are

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<v Speaker 2>theories of the theories where you could have you can

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<v Speaker 2>have the universe like and right here, right now in

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<v Speaker 2>this room.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh god.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, so this is an idea called vacuum decay where

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<v Speaker 2>you can you can have like the universe, like have

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<v Speaker 2>a quantum event happen where one point in the universe

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<v Speaker 2>like transitions to this other state it's called another vacuum,

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<v Speaker 2>a true vacuum state, and that would create this.

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<v Speaker 3>Bubble of like death again, bubble of death that expands

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<v Speaker 3>out at the speed of light in every direction, so

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<v Speaker 3>you would never see it coming.

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<v Speaker 2>And it's a probabilistic event. It's a quantum event, so

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<v Speaker 2>it could happen at any moment. It probably won't, oh god,

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<v Speaker 2>you know it probably probably were just wrong about the theory.

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<v Speaker 2>And even if we weren't wrong about the theory, like

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<v Speaker 2>the sort of timescale that we calculate for it, it

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<v Speaker 2>would probably take like, you know, trillions of years or something.

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<v Speaker 2>But like it's a probabilistic e then it could happen

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<v Speaker 2>at any moment. Technically, it's just with very low probability,

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<v Speaker 2>so like that could freak you out. And I've gotten

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<v Speaker 2>emails from people like they read about that and they're

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<v Speaker 2>like I can't sleep, and I'm like I'm sorry, do.

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<v Speaker 1>You have any advice for that?

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, you know, I tell them, like they so

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<v Speaker 2>about vacuum decay. I can tell them like a few things.

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<v Speaker 2>One is that we don't know, we don't have any

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<v Speaker 2>We don't know for sure that this is even possible.

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<v Speaker 2>If it were possible, it probably would have happened in

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<v Speaker 2>the very beginning of the universe because the conditions for

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<v Speaker 2>it happening then were much more favorable. So it probably

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<v Speaker 2>would have already happened if it was going to happen already,

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<v Speaker 2>or if it was possible at all. And then I say, well,

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<v Speaker 2>if it's gonna like you, there's nothing you can do. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, like like it's it's traveling at the speed

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<v Speaker 2>a lot. You won't have and see it coming.

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<v Speaker 1>That's the best way to die. Yeah, you won't.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean you won't notice like basically like like so

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<v Speaker 2>it is absolutely the best because you don't see it coming,

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<v Speaker 2>so you can't be scared of it. You don't even

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<v Speaker 2>really notice it because it's happening at speed of light

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<v Speaker 2>and you're not like around afterward and nothing is around.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, everyone you love dies at the same time.

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<v Speaker 2>Everything does. Everything's gone immediately at the same time, there's

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<v Speaker 2>no there's no fomo, right, there's nothing. You're not missing

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<v Speaker 2>out on anything because the whole universe is done now right, like,

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<v Speaker 2>and so it's kind of in some sense, it's like

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<v Speaker 2>really inconsequential because there's like no consequences of it. It's yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>so it doesn't matter.

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<v Speaker 1>Like you could just blink, you.

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<v Speaker 2>Know, and then like like you know, you blink and

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<v Speaker 2>like maybe you open your eyes again and maybe you're

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<v Speaker 2>consumed by a vacuum bubble of death.

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<v Speaker 1>But like who cares? Like who? You don't know. I

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<v Speaker 1>if I could vote on a way for everything to end,

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<v Speaker 1>I would be like totally yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>Vacuum vacuum decay.

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<v Speaker 1>Vacuum decay. Yeah, that's gonna be my platform. I'm gonna

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<v Speaker 1>run twenty twenty. Vacuum decay is my platform.

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<v Speaker 2>It is the best to end the universe.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, So that's one way to chill out. Paula Herrera

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<v Speaker 1>wants to know how scared should we be of a

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<v Speaker 1>giant asteroid destroying Earth? Are any of the sci fi

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<v Speaker 1>movie methods to save the planet plausible or are we

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<v Speaker 1>basically doomed should an asteroid come our way?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's that's a little bit of a sadder point

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<v Speaker 2>because like, okay, so we're basically not really monitoring about

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<v Speaker 2>half the sky right now.

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<v Speaker 1>What Okay, no big deal, No, a big deal.

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<v Speaker 2>Because we used to have some monitoring stations in the

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<v Speaker 2>southern hemisphere and they lost funding, So we don't have

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<v Speaker 2>as good a handle on like the number of objects

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<v Speaker 2>out there that could cause really big problems there. There

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<v Speaker 2>is like we have there's some kind of like goals

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<v Speaker 2>about how many like what fraction of objects above a

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<v Speaker 2>certain size we should be you know, aware of, right

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<v Speaker 2>and it's like you're supposed to see ninety percent of

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<v Speaker 2>objects above some size or whatever, and we're not really there.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh no, So I think there are programs being put

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<v Speaker 2>together now, and there's there's efforts to have a better catalog.

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<v Speaker 2>It's not like we're due for a giant you know,

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<v Speaker 2>impact or anything like. It's you know, these are still

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<v Speaker 2>things that are probably not gonna happen anytime soon. But

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<v Speaker 2>but I can't honestly tell you that like we're on

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<v Speaker 2>top of it.

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<v Speaker 1>Wow, like we have.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, we're monitoring a lot, but we're not monitoring

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<v Speaker 2>enough to say that like we definitely don't have anything

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<v Speaker 2>coming in so okay, so whether or not we could

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<v Speaker 2>stop it, like okay, So there's there are a couple

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<v Speaker 2>of methods. If we find out about it early enough,

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<v Speaker 2>like five years ahead, ten years ahead, then there's a

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<v Speaker 2>possibility of sending a spacecraft to it and changing the

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<v Speaker 2>course of it in some way. You don't want to

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<v Speaker 2>just blow it up, partially because some of these things

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<v Speaker 2>are like kind of loose rubble piles and so it

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<v Speaker 2>wouldn't really work to try to blow it up, but

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<v Speaker 2>also because like if you have a huge asteroid and

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<v Speaker 2>then you blow it up, then you have like a

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<v Speaker 2>bunch of smaller asteroids and that's not always better. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>But but there are a bunch of really cool ideas

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<v Speaker 2>for just nudging in a little bit. And if you

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<v Speaker 2>find out about it long enough in the you know,

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<v Speaker 2>before it comes, then you don't have to nudge it

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<v Speaker 2>very far at all to get it totally off course.

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<v Speaker 2>It will miss the Earth. So like one of them

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<v Speaker 2>is to take a really really massive spacecraft and just

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<v Speaker 2>like park it next to the asteroid in the orbit

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<v Speaker 2>for a while, and so it gets like pulled a

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<v Speaker 2>little bit by the gravity of the spacecraft, and that

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<v Speaker 2>can if you get it early enough. That's called gravitational tractor.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, if you get it early enough, that can work.

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<v Speaker 2>There are other ideas about like creating like a giant

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<v Speaker 2>sack and like like capturing it in a sack, because

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<v Speaker 2>you can't necessarily it's not necessarily like a solid thing.

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<v Speaker 1>How are you gonna make a bag? They're gonna have

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<v Speaker 1>to put her on an asteroid.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean it depends on the size of the asteroid, right.

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<v Speaker 1>But I mean, I don't know, like this is made

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<v Speaker 1>out of like my lar caped on tape.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm sorry, I'm a little activated by this. I looked

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<v Speaker 1>up asteroid bags. I was distracted for a few minutes

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<v Speaker 1>on some Galaxy printed totes and duffels, and I was like, oh,

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<v Speaker 1>that's nice. And then okay, I realized that space people

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<v Speaker 1>call these capture bags. Like it's just no big deal,

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<v Speaker 1>like just used to collect fallen leaves or a dog doodle.

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<v Speaker 1>But NASA introduced a plant a few years ago, and

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<v Speaker 1>I asked the search engine gods what the bag might

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<v Speaker 1>be made of, and I found out it could be inflatable,

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<v Speaker 1>could be metal mesh, or could just be high strength

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<v Speaker 1>material sounds like they're figuring that out too. My guess

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<v Speaker 1>is it's just a very large blue Ikia bag toe

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<v Speaker 1>that fucker in. Those things are strong.

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<v Speaker 2>It's another idea, which is even which is also really cool,

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<v Speaker 2>where you like spray paint half of the object so

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<v Speaker 2>that it changes like the reflectivity, and then that means

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<v Speaker 2>that like the solar wind will push a little bit

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<v Speaker 2>more on one half than the other in some way,

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<v Speaker 2>and that can change the trajectory.

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<v Speaker 1>So there are a couple of possibilities. Those are some

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<v Speaker 1>good options.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, but you need a lot of lead time

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<v Speaker 2>and a.

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<v Speaker 1>Lot of paint in a really big bag.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh my god. I just can't believe that we're kind

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<v Speaker 1>of sleeping on the job there.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, it's like we're not. I mean, there are people,

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<v Speaker 2>there's a lot of a lot of these things are

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<v Speaker 2>being monitored, and there's nothing that we know about that's

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<v Speaker 2>anytime soon coming as a threat. But there's also like

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<v Speaker 2>we're not we're not fully on top of this in

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<v Speaker 2>the way that I feel like we should.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh Man, good to know. Yeah, Russell Kelly wants to know.

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<v Speaker 1>Will the universe expand forever or will it eventually collapse

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<v Speaker 1>in on itself?

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<v Speaker 2>That is a great question. Based on our current understanding

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<v Speaker 2>and the data that we have now, it looks like

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<v Speaker 2>it will expand forever, which will lead to something called

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<v Speaker 2>the heat death, which is the most depressing way for

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<v Speaker 2>the universe to end, which is the like that we

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<v Speaker 2>have dark energy. Dark energy is whatever is making the

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<v Speaker 2>universe expand faster and faster. If it's a cosmological constant,

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<v Speaker 2>which is just a kind of dark energy that first

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<v Speaker 2>invented by Einstein, but it seems to be the case,

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<v Speaker 2>then what will happen is that over time, the other

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<v Speaker 2>galaxies will get farther and farther away. Not a dramatat

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<v Speaker 2>the Androma galaxy is coming for us now. It's on

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<v Speaker 2>its way. It's gonna collide with the Milky Way in

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<v Speaker 2>about four billion years. Okay, that'll be fine, whatever, But

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<v Speaker 2>then you know, the more distant galaxies will just get

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<v Speaker 2>farther and farther away, and eventually we won't be able

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<v Speaker 2>to see any other galaxies outside of our little local group.

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<v Speaker 1>This is like when all your friends grow up and

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<v Speaker 1>move out to the suburbs or get rich and go

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<v Speaker 1>to Santa Monica.

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<v Speaker 2>And then you know, we won't be able to see

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<v Speaker 2>like the cosm mic right background anymore, that after globe

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<v Speaker 2>of the Big Bang, so the universe will just get

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<v Speaker 2>really really dark and really empty, and then our little

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<v Speaker 2>group of galaxies will kind of be combined to one

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<v Speaker 2>big blob. But eventually, like all the stars will burn

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<v Speaker 2>out out because they'll run out of fuel and there's

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<v Speaker 2>no more like gas coming in to make new stars

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<v Speaker 2>from other galaxies, So the stars will burn out, and

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<v Speaker 2>then like a bunch of things will collapse into black holes,

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<v Speaker 2>and the black holes will evaporate, and like the protons

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<v Speaker 2>will decay, and like everything will just kind of like

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<v Speaker 2>decay into nothingness. And then then like there'll be this

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<v Speaker 2>like it'll be this really empty, cold, dark universe with

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<v Speaker 2>nothing in it and no like and just like this

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<v Speaker 2>tiny amount of radiation and no ability for any new

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<v Speaker 2>structures to form except maybe through some kind of quantum process,

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<v Speaker 2>which is kind of a cool thing. But this is

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<v Speaker 2>another topic.

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<v Speaker 1>That's so goddamn lonely.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, that's called the heat death.

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<v Speaker 1>So what happens when the Andromeda galaxy collies with the

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<v Speaker 1>Milky Way? Though you glanzed right over that what the

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<v Speaker 1>hell is there about?

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<v Speaker 2>That's really cool? Actually, So the Andromeda galaxy is a

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<v Speaker 2>spiral galaxy like around it's it's got about it's got

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<v Speaker 2>about a trillion stars. There's more massive than the Milky Way,

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<v Speaker 2>and it's got a super massive black hole. And they're

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<v Speaker 2>all coming toward us at something like I think it

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<v Speaker 2>was like one hundred kilometers a second. Anyway, they're all

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<v Speaker 2>they're all coming toward us right now.

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<v Speaker 1>And is it gonna smishy smash.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's gonna it's gonna come and in about four

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<v Speaker 2>billion years it'll get here and it'll it'll collide with

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<v Speaker 2>the Milky Way galaxy. And the way that galaxies collide

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<v Speaker 2>is kind of cool. They like sort of merge and

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<v Speaker 2>like they make these long trails of stars coming out,

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<v Speaker 2>and it'll be this sort of like really spectacular light

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<v Speaker 2>show of like gas will collide and make new stars

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<v Speaker 2>and there will be this burst of star formation and

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<v Speaker 2>the black holes might like turn on and start like

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<v Speaker 2>pulling in matter and like getting really bright, and stars

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<v Speaker 2>will be flung out into space and on these long tails.

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<v Speaker 1>The sounds like a warehouse space rave. I'm not gonna lie.

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<v Speaker 1>I'd be down for this.

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<v Speaker 2>But because galaxy is because there's so much space between

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<v Speaker 2>stars in galaxy. Probably our solar system will not be affected, Okay,

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<v Speaker 2>like probably we'll just like this, the sky will get

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<v Speaker 2>really interesting. But you know, it'll also be four billion

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<v Speaker 2>years from now, so the Sun will be burning out,

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<v Speaker 2>and you know, the Earth will already have its oceans

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<v Speaker 2>boiled away and life on Earth will be impossible. But

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<v Speaker 2>if you know, we left something here to take pictures,

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<v Speaker 2>they would be really pretty. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>Mike mel Choir Melchior wants to know are uranus joke

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<v Speaker 1>still funny? It's really urinus, isn't it. So?

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<v Speaker 2>Actually I don't know which is a better pronunciation. I

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00:19:32.319 --> 00:19:34.279
<v Speaker 2>usually say urinus just because I don't want to I

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<v Speaker 2>don't want to deal with it. But then it's got

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<v Speaker 2>the name Urine in it too, Like it doesn't really help. No,

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00:19:39.359 --> 00:19:41.759
<v Speaker 2>they're not, they're not particularly okay checking out.

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<v Speaker 1>So I use an AI for transcription for this podcast,

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00:19:46.279 --> 00:19:49.799
<v Speaker 1>and it transcribed to urine ass And I'm sorry, but yes,

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<v Speaker 1>that is funny. Megan Gerard wants to know slightly more

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<v Speaker 1>on a local practical level. She loves stargazing, but even

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<v Speaker 1>in a small city it's hard to do because of

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<v Speaker 1>light pollution. Yes, so can you then any tactics resources

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<v Speaker 1>organizations for helping reduce light pollution. Also, she thinks maybe

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<v Speaker 1>light pollution is bad for us and animals, and so

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00:20:10.799 --> 00:20:13.680
<v Speaker 1>good way to stargaze and good way to reduce light pollution.

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<v Speaker 2>So there are there are national organizations for like dark skies.

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00:20:18.319 --> 00:20:20.559
<v Speaker 2>I don't remember the names, but if you if you

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<v Speaker 2>look them up, there's they have. There are charities that

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00:20:23.799 --> 00:20:27.279
<v Speaker 2>that their whole purpose is to try to get better

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<v Speaker 2>lighting in cities so that more of the light goes

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00:20:30.240 --> 00:20:34.200
<v Speaker 2>down and not up and changing like what the lamps

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<v Speaker 2>are made of and stuff like that. So you can

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<v Speaker 2>get involved in these campaigns and they're really they're really helpful. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>I can't remember the name of the organizations right now,

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<v Speaker 2>but but there are a few of them out there.

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<v Speaker 1>Dark sky dot org has a bunch of information on

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<v Speaker 1>getting involved in dark sky advocacy and membership in this

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<v Speaker 1>kind of a dark sky club. So hit that up.

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<v Speaker 1>I will try to do my part and stop falling

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<v Speaker 1>asleep with lights on. I fell asleep with them on

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<v Speaker 1>again last night. But tonight Tonight to Night International Dark

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<v Speaker 1>Sky Association, I'm gonna do my part.

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<v Speaker 2>If you want to go stargazing and your city's too bright.

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<v Speaker 2>You just have to go somewhere else. Basically, So when

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<v Speaker 2>I was living here, when I was growing up in

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<v Speaker 2>La in Long Beach, I was part of the La

424
00:21:19.880 --> 00:21:22.720
<v Speaker 2>Astronomical Society and they would have dark Sky Star Star

425
00:21:22.759 --> 00:21:24.880
<v Speaker 2>parties where we would drive like four hours into the

426
00:21:24.880 --> 00:21:27.960
<v Speaker 2>mountains and it would be really dark there. So you

427
00:21:27.960 --> 00:21:29.960
<v Speaker 2>don't have to get that far out out of the

428
00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:31.799
<v Speaker 2>city to do good stargazing.

429
00:21:32.039 --> 00:21:34.480
<v Speaker 1>So getting the fuck out of Dodge, Yes, got it.

430
00:21:34.640 --> 00:21:37.160
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's pretty much. It's There's a really great film

431
00:21:37.319 --> 00:21:42.359
<v Speaker 2>called The City Dark, which is about it's about light

432
00:21:42.359 --> 00:21:44.279
<v Speaker 2>pollution and what it does to us and what it

433
00:21:44.279 --> 00:21:46.880
<v Speaker 2>does to astronomy. And I'd recommend checking that out.

434
00:21:47.200 --> 00:21:49.519
<v Speaker 1>I fell sleep the lights on last night. It's not

435
00:21:49.599 --> 00:21:52.599
<v Speaker 1>good your brain. And now this said questions comes from

436
00:21:52.640 --> 00:21:56.480
<v Speaker 1>the Facebook group. There's ologies podcast facebook group. Yes they

437
00:21:56.480 --> 00:21:59.720
<v Speaker 1>get next cracket questions Isabelle Lauren wants to know what

438
00:21:59.759 --> 00:22:02.920
<v Speaker 1>do you think the shape of the universe is hyperbolic terroid?

439
00:22:03.359 --> 00:22:05.000
<v Speaker 1>What do you think did I sell it? Did I

440
00:22:05.039 --> 00:22:05.640
<v Speaker 1>say toroid?

441
00:22:05.680 --> 00:22:12.400
<v Speaker 2>Okay, you said tid okay, okay, toroidal is the adjective, Okay,

442
00:22:12.599 --> 00:22:17.279
<v Speaker 2>but yeah, it's so toruid. The torus is a donut shape.

443
00:22:17.400 --> 00:22:18.799
<v Speaker 1>Oh that's all, that's what.

444
00:22:18.960 --> 00:22:19.799
<v Speaker 2>That's all she's saying.

445
00:22:19.880 --> 00:22:23.559
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, so a troid cake would be a donut. Yes, yes,

446
00:22:23.799 --> 00:22:25.839
<v Speaker 1>I went my whole life not knowing this somehow. But

447
00:22:25.960 --> 00:22:30.039
<v Speaker 1>also a taurus apparently technically would be like an inner

448
00:22:30.079 --> 00:22:34.559
<v Speaker 1>tube hollow, and a solid Taurus is a donut. But

449
00:22:35.319 --> 00:22:37.519
<v Speaker 1>I want to say I was on a dessert show

450
00:22:38.000 --> 00:22:41.160
<v Speaker 1>called Unique Sweets for like a lot of seasons. I

451
00:22:41.200 --> 00:22:45.480
<v Speaker 1>have to say a cake donut seems like a solid torus.

452
00:22:45.640 --> 00:22:48.400
<v Speaker 1>But if it's a fluffier yeast donut, there's all kinds

453
00:22:48.440 --> 00:22:50.920
<v Speaker 1>of air pockets in there, and the volume in density

454
00:22:50.960 --> 00:22:54.000
<v Speaker 1>seems somewhere between a taurus and a solid torus. And

455
00:22:54.000 --> 00:22:56.079
<v Speaker 1>I need a physicist to get on this for me,

456
00:22:56.119 --> 00:22:59.480
<v Speaker 1>thank you. Okay, Oh yeah, back to the shape of

457
00:22:59.480 --> 00:23:00.319
<v Speaker 1>the universe.

458
00:23:00.079 --> 00:23:05.160
<v Speaker 2>The universe the way she's asking the question. The answer

459
00:23:05.160 --> 00:23:09.000
<v Speaker 2>is the universe is probably flat, okay, which just means

460
00:23:09.920 --> 00:23:13.079
<v Speaker 2>it just means that there's no large scale curvature to

461
00:23:13.119 --> 00:23:16.640
<v Speaker 2>the universe. So I said that matter curves space, so

462
00:23:16.680 --> 00:23:19.000
<v Speaker 2>you get these like dents in space on the very

463
00:23:19.079 --> 00:23:22.640
<v Speaker 2>large scales. The space is flat in the sense that

464
00:23:22.680 --> 00:23:26.000
<v Speaker 2>it's not large scale curved, it's still probably three dimensional.

465
00:23:26.480 --> 00:23:28.759
<v Speaker 2>I mean, the space part is three dimensional, and then

466
00:23:28.759 --> 00:23:32.559
<v Speaker 2>there's time that's a fourth dimension. But you know, it's

467
00:23:32.599 --> 00:23:35.079
<v Speaker 2>flat in the sense that if you had two beams

468
00:23:35.119 --> 00:23:38.759
<v Speaker 2>of light that were parallel, they would stay parallel forever. Okay,

469
00:23:38.880 --> 00:23:40.839
<v Speaker 2>that seems to be the case, at least as far

470
00:23:40.880 --> 00:23:42.960
<v Speaker 2>as we can measure. There could be some larger scale

471
00:23:43.000 --> 00:23:46.319
<v Speaker 2>curvature that we don't measure because it's just so big,

472
00:23:46.359 --> 00:23:49.400
<v Speaker 2>like if you have a ball that's big enough, it

473
00:23:49.400 --> 00:23:51.240
<v Speaker 2>looks flat, Like the surface of the Earth looks flat.

474
00:23:52.079 --> 00:23:56.000
<v Speaker 2>But the universe on the whole, as far as we know,

475
00:23:56.559 --> 00:23:59.440
<v Speaker 2>appears to be flat. There's no evidence for curvature, but

476
00:23:59.480 --> 00:24:03.480
<v Speaker 2>that it could be curved around on some really large scale.

477
00:24:03.720 --> 00:24:07.519
<v Speaker 1>Okay, we'll find out before the stars all collapse on

478
00:24:07.559 --> 00:24:11.119
<v Speaker 1>themselves healthily. Maybe I don't know.

479
00:24:11.720 --> 00:24:12.240
<v Speaker 2>I don't know.

480
00:24:12.640 --> 00:24:15.039
<v Speaker 1>PJ. King and Laurie March both had kind of the

481
00:24:15.039 --> 00:24:17.799
<v Speaker 1>same question. Is there a reason why some stars appear

482
00:24:17.880 --> 00:24:19.240
<v Speaker 1>to twinkle more than others?

483
00:24:19.680 --> 00:24:25.279
<v Speaker 2>Oh? Yeah, Well, so stars appear to twinkle when you're

484
00:24:25.279 --> 00:24:30.400
<v Speaker 2>looking through the atmosphere because the atmosphere is bending the

485
00:24:30.440 --> 00:24:32.920
<v Speaker 2>light a little bit just by being like a little

486
00:24:32.920 --> 00:24:35.200
<v Speaker 2>bit hotter, a little bit wetter, or something in different parts.

487
00:24:35.440 --> 00:24:38.960
<v Speaker 2>And so when you look through that sort of you know,

488
00:24:39.880 --> 00:24:45.160
<v Speaker 2>messy air, it makes the position of the star move

489
00:24:45.200 --> 00:24:49.160
<v Speaker 2>around a little bit from your perspective, and that means

490
00:24:49.160 --> 00:24:51.200
<v Speaker 2>that sometimes it'll look a little bit brighter and sometimes

491
00:24:51.240 --> 00:24:53.480
<v Speaker 2>it'll a little bit dimmer, and that makes the twinkling.

492
00:24:55.079 --> 00:24:58.599
<v Speaker 2>So the brighter star is sometimes that makes it look

493
00:24:59.039 --> 00:25:02.240
<v Speaker 2>less twinkly or or more. It depends on kind of

494
00:25:02.240 --> 00:25:05.359
<v Speaker 2>what the air is doing. But planets don't twinkle.

495
00:25:05.839 --> 00:25:06.160
<v Speaker 1>Why not?

496
00:25:06.799 --> 00:25:09.000
<v Speaker 2>So the reason planets don't twinkle is because so the

497
00:25:09.799 --> 00:25:13.480
<v Speaker 2>twinkling of a star comes from the fact that we

498
00:25:14.279 --> 00:25:17.079
<v Speaker 2>like it's it's just a point of light from our perspective,

499
00:25:17.119 --> 00:25:18.759
<v Speaker 2>it's just a single point of light, and so it

500
00:25:18.799 --> 00:25:21.440
<v Speaker 2>can be moved around, and that little point of light

501
00:25:21.480 --> 00:25:24.519
<v Speaker 2>can be sort of magnified a little bit, and that

502
00:25:24.559 --> 00:25:27.759
<v Speaker 2>makes it look brighter or less. But a planet is

503
00:25:27.799 --> 00:25:30.960
<v Speaker 2>a disc of light from our perspective. It's really really

504
00:25:30.960 --> 00:25:33.039
<v Speaker 2>small disc. But it's it's a disc of light that's

505
00:25:33.039 --> 00:25:37.480
<v Speaker 2>big enough that the little the little sort of turbulence

506
00:25:37.680 --> 00:25:41.640
<v Speaker 2>cells or whatever in the atmosphere only like just move

507
00:25:41.680 --> 00:25:44.240
<v Speaker 2>the light around within the disc. Mostly and so it

508
00:25:44.279 --> 00:25:50.000
<v Speaker 2>doesn't get significantly brighter or dimmer because the motion of

509
00:25:50.039 --> 00:25:54.319
<v Speaker 2>the air is not enough to really change the sort

510
00:25:54.359 --> 00:25:56.160
<v Speaker 2>of size and shape of that disc.

511
00:25:56.559 --> 00:25:58.759
<v Speaker 1>So if he twinkles, you got a star. If it

512
00:25:58.759 --> 00:25:59.960
<v Speaker 1>doesn't twinkle, you got a plant.

513
00:26:00.400 --> 00:26:02.839
<v Speaker 2>More or less. H yeah, more or less. So if

514
00:26:02.880 --> 00:26:04.960
<v Speaker 2>you see something pretty bright in the sky and it's

515
00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:07.640
<v Speaker 2>not twinkling and other things are, then you've probably seen

516
00:26:07.640 --> 00:26:11.559
<v Speaker 2>a planet and they're probably seeing Jupiter, Saturn, Mars or Venus.

517
00:26:12.240 --> 00:26:14.599
<v Speaker 1>It's so great. Yeah, if you and if that does

518
00:26:14.640 --> 00:26:16.440
<v Speaker 1>happen and it's the first time you've read this, then

519
00:26:16.440 --> 00:26:19.640
<v Speaker 1>you should high five Katie on Twitter. Lauren Oakes wants

520
00:26:19.680 --> 00:26:22.920
<v Speaker 1>to know what is the deal with other dimensions? This

521
00:26:23.079 --> 00:26:24.559
<v Speaker 1>might not be the right person to ask, but I

522
00:26:24.599 --> 00:26:27.240
<v Speaker 1>still want to know. Okay.

523
00:26:28.119 --> 00:26:32.200
<v Speaker 2>So we have three dimensions of space, so that's forward, back,

524
00:26:32.279 --> 00:26:36.640
<v Speaker 2>or left, right, up and down. We also considered time

525
00:26:36.680 --> 00:26:42.039
<v Speaker 2>to be a bit dimension, so when you think about

526
00:26:42.039 --> 00:26:44.799
<v Speaker 2>things like relativity, you have to include time as like

527
00:26:44.880 --> 00:26:48.079
<v Speaker 2>part of your coordinate grid basically, and so that coordinate

528
00:26:48.079 --> 00:26:51.160
<v Speaker 2>grid has to have four dimensions. So the time is

529
00:26:51.160 --> 00:26:53.559
<v Speaker 2>the fourth dimension, and the reason for that is that

530
00:26:54.920 --> 00:26:57.559
<v Speaker 2>you know space and time can kind of affect each other,

531
00:26:57.920 --> 00:27:01.359
<v Speaker 2>like like things like move Being through space at a

532
00:27:01.480 --> 00:27:04.920
<v Speaker 2>higher speed changes the way you move through time, and

533
00:27:05.039 --> 00:27:08.039
<v Speaker 2>when you're close to a gravitating object, that changes the

534
00:27:08.039 --> 00:27:09.559
<v Speaker 2>way you move through time. And so it has to

535
00:27:09.599 --> 00:27:11.839
<v Speaker 2>be part of the same sort of malleable fabric. In

536
00:27:11.880 --> 00:27:15.839
<v Speaker 2>some mathematical sense, there could be higher there could be

537
00:27:15.920 --> 00:27:22.519
<v Speaker 2>other dimensions of space and that we just can't interact with.

538
00:27:22.640 --> 00:27:26.920
<v Speaker 2>We can't see, we can't perceive, and in some cases

539
00:27:27.240 --> 00:27:31.519
<v Speaker 2>those other dimensions of space might be kind of wrapped

540
00:27:31.519 --> 00:27:34.799
<v Speaker 2>around themselves, okay, which is a weird concept, but it's

541
00:27:34.839 --> 00:27:37.079
<v Speaker 2>kind of like if you imagine, like like if you

542
00:27:37.119 --> 00:27:40.960
<v Speaker 2>imagine a string, right, a string is a three dimensional object.

543
00:27:41.079 --> 00:27:44.720
<v Speaker 2>Two of those dimensions are kind of wrapped around really tight,

544
00:27:45.039 --> 00:27:47.359
<v Speaker 2>so it only has a little bit a little direction.

545
00:27:47.400 --> 00:27:49.079
<v Speaker 2>You can go in two of the dimensions. You can

546
00:27:49.119 --> 00:27:51.200
<v Speaker 2>go really long way in the other one. And so

547
00:27:51.279 --> 00:27:54.599
<v Speaker 2>it might be that in space in our universe, we

548
00:27:54.640 --> 00:27:57.279
<v Speaker 2>can go as far as we want in our three dimensions,

549
00:27:57.680 --> 00:28:00.359
<v Speaker 2>but the other dimensions are so small that we don't

550
00:28:00.400 --> 00:28:04.160
<v Speaker 2>notice them because they're all wrapped up. And one of

551
00:28:04.200 --> 00:28:07.599
<v Speaker 2>the reasons that those extra dimensions are hypothesized is that

552
00:28:08.519 --> 00:28:11.039
<v Speaker 2>it might be that all of our sort of particle

553
00:28:11.079 --> 00:28:14.160
<v Speaker 2>interactions to stuff can only happen in this three dimensional space,

554
00:28:14.400 --> 00:28:16.640
<v Speaker 2>but gravity can leak out into the other ones a

555
00:28:16.640 --> 00:28:19.480
<v Speaker 2>little bit, and so if that were happening, that would

556
00:28:19.480 --> 00:28:22.000
<v Speaker 2>explain why gravity is so weak compared to all the

557
00:28:22.039 --> 00:28:26.039
<v Speaker 2>other forces. So that's a hypothesis, you know. So there

558
00:28:26.079 --> 00:28:29.079
<v Speaker 2>could be other dimensions that might solve that problem.

559
00:28:29.599 --> 00:28:33.200
<v Speaker 1>But what about multiverses? And is there another me with

560
00:28:33.240 --> 00:28:35.599
<v Speaker 1>a better life living in a different dimension.

561
00:28:36.640 --> 00:28:40.400
<v Speaker 2>So when people say dimension in that sense, they just

562
00:28:40.480 --> 00:28:44.839
<v Speaker 2>mean another universe the dimensionality, Like the dimension doesn't mean

563
00:28:45.319 --> 00:28:48.839
<v Speaker 2>space and anymore, it means something else. So there could

564
00:28:48.880 --> 00:28:52.000
<v Speaker 2>be other universes depending on how you define a universe,

565
00:28:52.400 --> 00:28:54.640
<v Speaker 2>Because you could just define a universe to be everything,

566
00:28:54.680 --> 00:28:57.640
<v Speaker 2>and then everything is part of the universe by definition.

567
00:28:57.400 --> 00:29:00.559
<v Speaker 1>There can't be a second everything. Yeah, OK, but you.

568
00:29:00.480 --> 00:29:03.519
<v Speaker 2>Can define a universe as just the observable universe. So

569
00:29:03.599 --> 00:29:06.640
<v Speaker 2>what's within our sort of the distance out to which

570
00:29:06.640 --> 00:29:11.079
<v Speaker 2>we can observe anything, which is a set distance, and

571
00:29:11.119 --> 00:29:13.440
<v Speaker 2>then there could be stuff beyond that. We know there's

572
00:29:13.480 --> 00:29:16.200
<v Speaker 2>stuff beyond that, so that's kind of outside of our universe.

573
00:29:16.240 --> 00:29:18.839
<v Speaker 2>You can think of that as another universe, and then

574
00:29:18.839 --> 00:29:21.799
<v Speaker 2>you can have other universes that are separated by higher

575
00:29:21.880 --> 00:29:26.200
<v Speaker 2>dimensions from us, So you can have like like our

576
00:29:26.319 --> 00:29:28.319
<v Speaker 2>you can imagine our universe as a flat sheet, and

577
00:29:28.319 --> 00:29:30.599
<v Speaker 2>there's another flat sheet, so we just take the one

578
00:29:30.640 --> 00:29:34.519
<v Speaker 2>dimension down and they could collide maybe, And this is

579
00:29:34.640 --> 00:29:38.240
<v Speaker 2>like there's a theory for the big bang that comes

580
00:29:38.240 --> 00:29:40.559
<v Speaker 2>from these two sheets collide and that makes a big bang,

581
00:29:40.599 --> 00:29:43.279
<v Speaker 2>and they come apart, and then they collide again later on,

582
00:29:43.480 --> 00:29:47.119
<v Speaker 2>so called the ekpyrotic model. My thesis advisor was one

583
00:29:47.160 --> 00:29:52.160
<v Speaker 2>of the people who came up with that. So there

584
00:29:52.200 --> 00:29:55.359
<v Speaker 2>and then there are other ways to have other universes,

585
00:29:55.440 --> 00:29:59.039
<v Speaker 2>like with the many world's idea of quantum mechanics, which

586
00:29:59.359 --> 00:30:03.599
<v Speaker 2>says that every time a quantum event happens, basically another

587
00:30:03.680 --> 00:30:06.519
<v Speaker 2>universe branches out from ours in a way that somehow

588
00:30:06.720 --> 00:30:10.960
<v Speaker 2>makes sense mathematically but sounds ridiculous when you think about it.

589
00:30:11.000 --> 00:30:14.160
<v Speaker 1>Is that kind of like an alternate reality? Kind of Yeah,

590
00:30:14.319 --> 00:30:19.200
<v Speaker 1>is there another me in another universe, in another reality

591
00:30:19.240 --> 00:30:21.279
<v Speaker 1>who brushes her hair more regularly?

592
00:30:21.440 --> 00:30:25.200
<v Speaker 2>Well, in the many worlds hypothesis, I guess technically that

593
00:30:25.200 --> 00:30:27.079
<v Speaker 2>that would be the case, But.

594
00:30:28.240 --> 00:30:29.880
<v Speaker 1>So if that's like a rabbit hole that you want

595
00:30:29.880 --> 00:30:32.160
<v Speaker 1>to go into, just like start googling.

596
00:30:31.880 --> 00:30:34.559
<v Speaker 2>Because in many worlds, like there's another universe where like

597
00:30:34.799 --> 00:30:38.680
<v Speaker 2>a photon just went through that window or didn't, and

598
00:30:38.720 --> 00:30:39.680
<v Speaker 2>that's the only difference.

599
00:30:39.720 --> 00:30:41.519
<v Speaker 1>Oh my god, Oh my god.

600
00:30:41.640 --> 00:30:44.240
<v Speaker 2>So, like every possible thing, ri.

601
00:30:44.279 --> 00:30:46.640
<v Speaker 1>Kyle Land wants to know, is there actual scientific proof

602
00:30:46.640 --> 00:30:49.559
<v Speaker 1>that there might be life beyond our planet aliens? Yes?

603
00:30:49.640 --> 00:30:53.960
<v Speaker 1>Now probably? Okay, So what does Katie hate about her job?

604
00:30:54.200 --> 00:30:55.839
<v Speaker 1>What does she hate? So?

605
00:30:56.000 --> 00:31:00.480
<v Speaker 2>What is the uncertainty of the kind of academic career ladder?

606
00:31:01.240 --> 00:31:03.680
<v Speaker 2>So I spent the last eight years as a postdoc,

607
00:31:03.799 --> 00:31:07.160
<v Speaker 2>which means I had my PhD and I was doing research,

608
00:31:07.240 --> 00:31:09.039
<v Speaker 2>but I didn't have a permanent job, and I didn't

609
00:31:09.039 --> 00:31:10.720
<v Speaker 2>know where I was going to go next, or how

610
00:31:10.759 --> 00:31:12.880
<v Speaker 2>long I would be there, or whether or not I

611
00:31:12.880 --> 00:31:15.680
<v Speaker 2>would be able to continue in science because it was

612
00:31:15.720 --> 00:31:19.920
<v Speaker 2>just you know, applying for jobs and it's just a

613
00:31:20.319 --> 00:31:26.000
<v Speaker 2>it's a difficult thing to be doing. And I, you know,

614
00:31:26.319 --> 00:31:29.319
<v Speaker 2>all jobs have some uncertainty at some stage, but I

615
00:31:29.319 --> 00:31:32.880
<v Speaker 2>feel like in academia that uncertainty and that sort of

616
00:31:33.079 --> 00:31:38.039
<v Speaker 2>tenuousness lasts a really long time. Yeah, And if you

617
00:31:38.079 --> 00:31:41.200
<v Speaker 2>get to the stage where you're definitely not going to

618
00:31:41.200 --> 00:31:44.720
<v Speaker 2>get an academic job and you wanted one, then you

619
00:31:44.839 --> 00:31:48.559
<v Speaker 2>have spent many years making not very much money when

620
00:31:48.599 --> 00:31:52.640
<v Speaker 2>you could have done something more lucrative, and it wouldn't

621
00:31:52.640 --> 00:31:54.839
<v Speaker 2>have it would have been better off in like every way.

622
00:31:54.920 --> 00:31:58.759
<v Speaker 2>So you know, I mean, I enjoyed doing the research,

623
00:31:58.799 --> 00:32:00.480
<v Speaker 2>and so for me, it was like, well, I'll just

624
00:32:00.559 --> 00:32:02.640
<v Speaker 2>keep doing science as long as I can. I enjoy it.

625
00:32:02.759 --> 00:32:05.240
<v Speaker 2>I'm willing to make that sacrifice. But for a lot

626
00:32:05.279 --> 00:32:07.680
<v Speaker 2>of people, it's just so disruptive and it's so difficult

627
00:32:07.720 --> 00:32:10.559
<v Speaker 2>that it's like it's it's a really high anxiety time

628
00:32:10.599 --> 00:32:12.640
<v Speaker 2>and it's really hard, and a lot of people leave

629
00:32:12.720 --> 00:32:15.759
<v Speaker 2>because that that is just really hard to deal with.

630
00:32:16.839 --> 00:32:17.680
<v Speaker 1>So that's the main thing.

631
00:32:18.039 --> 00:32:19.799
<v Speaker 2>And then the other thing is that like it's just

632
00:32:20.240 --> 00:32:22.599
<v Speaker 2>it's really easy to have a lot of like self

633
00:32:22.640 --> 00:32:26.920
<v Speaker 2>doubt and you have to be very kind of self driven,

634
00:32:27.119 --> 00:32:30.200
<v Speaker 2>and it's hard to know if you're doing a good job.

635
00:32:30.480 --> 00:32:37.079
<v Speaker 2>And like it's it's academia can be very competitive and

636
00:32:37.599 --> 00:32:40.400
<v Speaker 2>you don't get a lot of like positive feedback, and

637
00:32:40.440 --> 00:32:42.720
<v Speaker 2>so it can be just hard to kind of like

638
00:32:44.319 --> 00:32:46.599
<v Speaker 2>keep doing what you're doing and know that you're doing

639
00:32:46.680 --> 00:32:49.319
<v Speaker 2>it well or know how to do it well, or

640
00:32:49.559 --> 00:32:51.799
<v Speaker 2>you know, all of that stuff can be difficult.

641
00:32:51.559 --> 00:32:53.720
<v Speaker 1>Which is great that you're a science communicator as well,

642
00:32:53.759 --> 00:32:55.799
<v Speaker 1>because you get to get a lot of feedback from

643
00:32:55.839 --> 00:32:58.079
<v Speaker 1>the public. Imagine, I know, yeah, I mean that, and

644
00:32:58.079 --> 00:32:58.960
<v Speaker 1>that does help a lot.

645
00:32:59.039 --> 00:33:01.960
<v Speaker 2>Like if I'm you know, sitting in my office banging

646
00:33:02.000 --> 00:33:04.240
<v Speaker 2>my head again something that I feel like I really

647
00:33:04.279 --> 00:33:06.160
<v Speaker 2>should know this thing or I really should understand it,

648
00:33:06.200 --> 00:33:08.880
<v Speaker 2>that this should come more easily, and then, you know,

649
00:33:10.160 --> 00:33:11.799
<v Speaker 2>I feel like I'm a total failure and I don't

650
00:33:11.799 --> 00:33:13.839
<v Speaker 2>know anything. And then I go talk to you know,

651
00:33:14.119 --> 00:33:16.400
<v Speaker 2>room full of school kids and suddenly like I'm an expert.

652
00:33:17.319 --> 00:33:19.319
<v Speaker 2>Like then I feel like I know a lot of things,

653
00:33:19.319 --> 00:33:22.039
<v Speaker 2>and then it helps a lot. So yeah, for me,

654
00:33:22.319 --> 00:33:24.920
<v Speaker 2>it's it's made a big difference in like just keeping

655
00:33:24.960 --> 00:33:28.559
<v Speaker 2>me from getting too depressed about, you know, not understanding

656
00:33:28.640 --> 00:33:30.559
<v Speaker 2>the universe as well as I wanted to.

657
00:33:31.200 --> 00:33:34.599
<v Speaker 1>What about your favorite thing about the job, or cosmology

658
00:33:34.720 --> 00:33:37.119
<v Speaker 1>or physics or my.

659
00:33:37.119 --> 00:33:40.119
<v Speaker 2>Favorite thing is that I get to ponder the deep

660
00:33:40.240 --> 00:33:46.200
<v Speaker 2>questions of reality as my job, you know. Yeah, Like

661
00:33:46.240 --> 00:33:48.079
<v Speaker 2>I was at a conference a couple of weeks ago,

662
00:33:48.200 --> 00:33:52.119
<v Speaker 2>and it was most of the topics in this conference

663
00:33:52.160 --> 00:33:54.640
<v Speaker 2>were not stuff I work on, So it was like

664
00:33:55.759 --> 00:33:58.279
<v Speaker 2>really deep questions about the nature of reality and like

665
00:33:58.319 --> 00:34:02.000
<v Speaker 2>whether or not space time is really a thing, and

666
00:34:02.160 --> 00:34:04.519
<v Speaker 2>how particles really work and all of that, and I

667
00:34:04.559 --> 00:34:08.000
<v Speaker 2>was just like, like, I didn't it's not the area

668
00:34:08.039 --> 00:34:09.679
<v Speaker 2>I work in. So there was a lot I didn't

669
00:34:09.760 --> 00:34:11.480
<v Speaker 2>understand about it, but I could grasp some of it,

670
00:34:11.559 --> 00:34:14.039
<v Speaker 2>and I felt like I just felt so privileged to

671
00:34:14.079 --> 00:34:17.119
<v Speaker 2>be able to be in that room and to think

672
00:34:17.119 --> 00:34:21.559
<v Speaker 2>about these things and to have some grasp of these

673
00:34:21.639 --> 00:34:25.320
<v Speaker 2>huge concepts, and like I get to that that was

674
00:34:25.360 --> 00:34:28.320
<v Speaker 2>part of my work, you know, and that that was

675
00:34:28.519 --> 00:34:31.320
<v Speaker 2>just an amazing That's just an every time that happens,

676
00:34:31.320 --> 00:34:34.960
<v Speaker 2>it's an amazing feeling that I get to do these

677
00:34:35.480 --> 00:34:40.800
<v Speaker 2>mental exercises and learn about the fundamental properties of the universe.

678
00:34:41.559 --> 00:34:45.079
<v Speaker 2>And that's my job. I mean, and you know, I mean,

679
00:34:45.119 --> 00:34:48.159
<v Speaker 2>writing the papers and teaching and all of that stuff

680
00:34:48.239 --> 00:34:50.039
<v Speaker 2>is also my job. So there's a lot of other

681
00:34:50.119 --> 00:34:53.239
<v Speaker 2>aspects to it, but just learning about the universe is

682
00:34:53.280 --> 00:34:54.280
<v Speaker 2>a big part of my job and.

683
00:34:54.239 --> 00:34:57.679
<v Speaker 1>I love that. It's so Baalar, Yeah, all right, thank

684
00:34:57.679 --> 00:34:59.039
<v Speaker 1>you for letting me talk to you person how long.

685
00:34:59.039 --> 00:35:01.440
<v Speaker 1>I'm sorry that long interview ever done because there's too

686
00:35:01.480 --> 00:35:04.000
<v Speaker 1>many questions. Okay, let's go to a movie. Okay, bye.

687
00:35:04.480 --> 00:35:06.760
<v Speaker 1>So we barely manage the movie, which was a very

688
00:35:06.920 --> 00:35:10.320
<v Speaker 1>forgettable mystery romp about a train stuck in the snow,

689
00:35:10.400 --> 00:35:15.239
<v Speaker 1>but stellar mustaches and I will remain forever shook it

690
00:35:15.800 --> 00:35:18.280
<v Speaker 1>by this conversation. I'm glad we took as long as

691
00:35:18.320 --> 00:35:20.840
<v Speaker 1>we did. Now to follow doctor Mac, you can find

692
00:35:20.880 --> 00:35:24.039
<v Speaker 1>her on Twitter or Facebook as astro Katie or on

693
00:35:24.159 --> 00:35:29.039
<v Speaker 1>Instagram at academic Nomad. And this podcast is at ologies

694
00:35:29.079 --> 00:35:31.920
<v Speaker 1>on Twitter and Instagram, and I'm at Ali Ward on

695
00:35:32.000 --> 00:35:34.559
<v Speaker 1>both And for t shirts and tots and mugs and

696
00:35:34.599 --> 00:35:39.400
<v Speaker 1>to support the podcast while also covering your nude body,

697
00:35:39.679 --> 00:35:42.519
<v Speaker 1>go to ologiesmerch dot com. And of course, if you

698
00:35:42.599 --> 00:35:45.000
<v Speaker 1>like the podcast and want to support, just tell a

699
00:35:45.039 --> 00:35:48.639
<v Speaker 1>friend or make a post about it or rate it

700
00:35:48.679 --> 00:35:51.800
<v Speaker 1>on iTunes. That's huge. And yeah, I'll give you a

701
00:35:51.840 --> 00:35:54.840
<v Speaker 1>secret this week. This week's secret is that I record

702
00:35:54.840 --> 00:35:56.760
<v Speaker 1>all this narration in my closet because the sound is

703
00:35:56.800 --> 00:36:00.159
<v Speaker 1>pretty good, there's all these clothes to dampen it. But

704
00:36:00.360 --> 00:36:03.440
<v Speaker 1>the real nugget here is that I have a real

705
00:36:03.519 --> 00:36:07.719
<v Speaker 1>laundry situation and about half my body currently sitting on

706
00:36:07.760 --> 00:36:09.719
<v Speaker 1>a pile of towels, which I will get to this

707
00:36:09.760 --> 00:36:15.000
<v Speaker 1>weekend after I obtain some soap. So yeah, I'm podcasting

708
00:36:15.039 --> 00:36:18.280
<v Speaker 1>from a laundry nest. I'm like a cozy little woodland

709
00:36:18.360 --> 00:36:23.199
<v Speaker 1>rodent talking at you through a machine. Big huge thanks

710
00:36:23.239 --> 00:36:27.039
<v Speaker 1>to Stephen Ray Morris Patron saint Off Podcasts for editing

711
00:36:27.039 --> 00:36:30.880
<v Speaker 1>this episode, and to Shannon Felds in Bonnie Dutch for

712
00:36:31.119 --> 00:36:34.400
<v Speaker 1>all of their help with merch and Hannah and Aaron

713
00:36:34.440 --> 00:36:37.559
<v Speaker 1>for running the ologies podcast Facebook group. And the theme

714
00:36:37.599 --> 00:36:41.840
<v Speaker 1>song was composed and performed by Nick Thorburn aka Nick

715
00:36:41.880 --> 00:36:45.639
<v Speaker 1>Diamonds of the band Islands. He's great. Check out his

716
00:36:45.719 --> 00:36:52.079
<v Speaker 1>music now Next week A little episode on carbohydrates comes

717
00:36:52.079 --> 00:36:54.840
<v Speaker 1>out the day after Christmas? So what the hell are they?

718
00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:57.719
<v Speaker 1>Why do we like them? And why do our cells

719
00:36:57.760 --> 00:37:02.360
<v Speaker 1>wear them like hats? Because they do? A glycobiologist spills

720
00:37:02.480 --> 00:37:07.639
<v Speaker 1>the starch beans. Until then, ask smart people all the

721
00:37:08.039 --> 00:37:11.440
<v Speaker 1>dumb questions you want. The universe is big, and regret

722
00:37:12.320 --> 00:37:22.639
<v Speaker 1>is maybe the scariest thing there is, Okay, Burby pacodermatology, hobbiology, cryptozoology, lithology, numinology,

723
00:37:23.480 --> 00:37:29.719
<v Speaker 1>meteorology and patology, nanthology, zeriology, elinology,