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Speaker 1: For all of human history, literally since the very first

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moments our ancestors looked up at the night sky and

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realized they were alive, there has been exactly one absolute,

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ironclad guarantee, just one death. Death. Yeah, it is the

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great equalizer. I mean you think about the most powerful

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figures in antiquity, emperors who commanded millions, Pharaohs who literally

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bangersted their entire kingdoms to build these massive mountains of

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stone in the desert.

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Speaker 2: Well, just hoping to take their power with them.

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Speaker 1: Exactly. They possessed all the wealth in the known world.

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They had absolute dominion over the earth. But no matter

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what they did, no matter what alchemists they hired, or

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what gods they prayed to, they all eventually ran out

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of time.

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Speaker 2: You couldn't buy your way out of that final biological contract.

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Speaker 1: No, it is the defining limitation of the human condition.

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And I want you to sit with us for a second.

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What if that guarantee is about to expire?

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Speaker 2: It is the ultimate question, And frankly, it's the most

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disruptive concept our speed cheese has ever had to confront.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to Thrilling Threads. We are genuinely thrilled. You're here

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with us today as we unravel what is rapidly becoming

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well the most profound scientific and economic shift in modern

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human history.

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Speaker 2: And to be clear, right out of the gate, we

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are not talking about living a bit healthier here. No,

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we aren't discussing Mediterranean diets or optimizing your cardio routine

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to eke out an extra five years of fragile old age.

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We're talking about something fundamentally different.

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Speaker 1: Entirely different, because, according to recent biotech investment reports and

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these highly sensitive analyzes coming out of Silicon Valley, the

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wealthiest people on the planet figures controlling billions in liquid capital,

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are placing the largest financial bets in the history of

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human enterprise.

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Speaker 2: And they aren't putting this capital into a new app

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ecosystem right, or faster microprocessors or even orbital colonies. They

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are investing in.

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Speaker 1: You, specifically in decoding the microscopic biological infrastructure that runs

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inside your cells. They are beginning to treat death not

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as this inevitable act of nature, but well as a

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software bug.

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Speaker 2: And in the world of technology, bugs can.

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Speaker 1: Be patched exactly so the roadmap for today's thrilling threads is,

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without exaggeration, going to bend your perception of reality. Our

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mission today is to thoroughly unpack the massive convergence of

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generative artificial intelligence and cutting edge biology.

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Speaker 2: It's a massive collision of fields, it really is.

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Speaker 1: We're going to trace the billions of dollars currently flowing

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into these high security, heavily guarded biotech labs aimed at

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a process called cellular reprogramming.

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Speaker 2: And we are going to critically examine a timeline that

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sounds like pure science fiction but is currently driving very serious,

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multi billion dollar allocation strategies.

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Speaker 1: Right we're looking at projections coming from prominent futurist timelines,

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people who have accurately predicted tech trends for decades, and

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they're now suggesting that human immortality, or at least the

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complete neutralization of aging as a terminal disease, could begin

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as soon as the year twenty twenty nine.

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Speaker 2: That twenty twenty nine timeline is really the anchor of

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this entire movement, and it's crucial to understand what that

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date actually represents.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, let's unpack that.

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Speaker 2: Because when futurists look at twenty twenty nine, they aren't

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suggesting that on a random Tuesday in that year, a

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pharmaceutical company is going to release a magic pill that

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instantly makes you an invincible immortal.

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Speaker 1: Which is what people always assume, right.

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Speaker 2: But it's much more nuanced than that, and mathematically much

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more fascinating. They are talking about reaching a very specific,

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statistically defined tipping point known as longevity escape velocity or LV.

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Speaker 1: Okay, I want to push back on that a little bit,

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or at least get you to clarify it, because when

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I first read about longevity escape velocity in the futurist

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timelines we gathered for today's research, the math almost felt

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like a sleight of hand.

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Speaker 2: It can feel that way, yet.

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Speaker 1: It sounds like a paradox. How does a human outrun

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their own biological clock?

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Speaker 2: Well, it does sound counterintuitive until you map out the

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accelration of medical technology. Yeah, right now, as you and

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I are speaking and as you are listening to this,

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medical science is making incremental advancements. Currently, for every year

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you manage to stay alive, the aggregate improvements in medical

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technology pharmaceutical surgical techniques, they might add a month or

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two to your overall statistical life expectancy.

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Speaker 1: So you're still aging faster than the science is advancing.

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Speaker 2: Exactly the grim reaper is walking faster than you are running.

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Speaker 1: Okay.

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Speaker 2: Longevity escape velocity is the precise tipping point where the

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rate of scientific discovery accelerates past the rate of human

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biological decay. It's the moment where for every single year

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you survive, science adds more than one full year to

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your remaining lifespan.

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Speaker 1: The curve inverts.

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Speaker 2: The curve completely inverts.

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Speaker 1: So if I'm tracking this correctly and translating this for

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the listener, if you manage to reach that specific threshold

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and you live entirely through the year twenty thirty, the

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medical breakthroughs that are achieved during twenty thirty will add

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hypothetically a year and three months to your overall life expectancy. Yes,

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so by living for a year, you actually gained three

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months of net future time.

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Speaker 2: That is the exact mechanism. It's akin to earning compound

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interest on a principal balance, but the currency is your life.

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And if we connect this to the broader trajectory of

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human evolution, it changes the entire calculus of existence. If

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your life expectancy stops decreasing and begins incrementally increasing, aging

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ceases to be a terminal condition.

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Speaker 1: It becomes a chronic, manageable state.

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Speaker 2: Precisely. Yeah, this is why the influx of capital isn't

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just about traditional medicine. This is about crossing a fundamental threshold.

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We're looking at an era where generative AI can design

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complex molecular therapeutics in a matter.

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Speaker 1: Of weeks, processes that historically took decades of blind trial

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and error.

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Speaker 2: Right, we are decoding the literal software of aging to

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reboot the human operating system.

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Speaker 1: But that raises a massive looming question for you, the listener.

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If this threshold is crossed, what does society look like

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when the fundamental define rule of biology is broken?

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Speaker 2: Are we truly looking at the end of aging and

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the utopian golden era for humanity?

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Speaker 1: Or and I think we have to look at this

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with a highly critical eye. Are we looking at the

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dawn of a dystopian biological caste system where.

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Speaker 2: The ultra wealthy achieve indefinite life spans and the rest

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of the global population is left to face natural mortality.

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Speaker 1: Exactly, But before we get to the philosophy, we need

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to look at the underlying science that makes this even

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theoretically possible. Let's look at the shifting paradigm of how

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we view aging itself.

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Speaker 2: To understand the modern pursuit of longevity, we first have

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to understand why the medical consensus of the twentieth century

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was fundamentally flawed.

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Speaker 1: The card Junkyard fallacy.

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Speaker 2: Yes, the card Junkyard fallacy. For generations, biology operated on

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a model that we might describe as purely mechanical degradation.

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It was an oxidative wear and tear model.

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Speaker 1: Right, the idea that the human body is basically an

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incredibly complex biological machine. Right, If you start out in

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your twenties, your cells dividing perfectly, your metabolism is highly efficient.

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But just through the act of living, metabolizing oxygen, getting

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exposed to background radiation, dealing with physical stress, the parts

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just wear down. The engine rusts, teleomeir shortened free radicals

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cause cellular damage, and eventually the structural integrity of the

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machine just fails. It goes to the junkyard. It was

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viewed as an inevitable and tropic process. Entropy always wins.

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Speaker 2: That was the accepted dogma. But the recent pivot heavily

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driven by what's known as the information theory of aging,

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a concept rigorously championed in recent biotech reports flips that

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dogma completely on its.

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Speaker 1: Head, which is fascinating.

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Speaker 2: It really is. The information theory of aging proposes that

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the core issue isn't that your biological hardware is physically

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broken beyond repair. Okay, the youthful code, the pristine original

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DNA instructions for how to build and maintain a perfectly healthy,

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resilient version of you, is still fully intact inside your cells,

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even if you are eight years old. The blueprint hasn't degraded.

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Speaker 1: That is a staggering realization, the idea that an eighty

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year old genome theoretically contains the exact same uncorrupted architectural

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clans as a.

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Speaker 2: Twenty year old genus exactly the same.

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Speaker 1: So if the blueprint is flawless, why does the building

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fall apart.

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Speaker 2: Because of how that blueprint is red We have to

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move past the idea of physical wear and tear and

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look at the epigeno. The epigeno right, If your DNA

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is the underlying genetic code, the epigenome is the control

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system sitting on top of it. It's the series of

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chemical tags like methylation marks that dictate which genes are

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turned on and which are turned off.

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Speaker 1: It tells a cell how to behave yes.

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Speaker 2: When you are young. This epigenetic control system is pristine.

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A skin cell knows exactly how to be a skin cell.

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A heart cell knows precisely how to be a heart cell.

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Speaker 1: But over time that control system loses its precise.

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Speaker 2: Calibration through decades of cellular division, environmental exposure, stress, and

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just the sheer complexity of sustaining life. The epigenome a

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cumulum noise.

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Speaker 1: It's an information loss problem.

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Speaker 2: Think of it like a scratch CD.

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Speaker 1: Oh, I love this analogy. Let's really expand on this.

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Speaker 2: So your DNA is the music burned onto the compact disc.

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Speaker 1: Right, the perfect symphony of a young, healthy you exactly

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the data.

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Speaker 2: The music itself is perfectly intact, but over the years,

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the physical surface of the CD gets scratched.

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Speaker 1: Those scratches are the epigenetic noise.

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Speaker 2: Precisely so, when the laser in the CD player, which

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represents your cell's machinery trying to read the DNA, hits

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those scratches, the music skips, it distorts.

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Speaker 1: The reader loses its place on the genome.

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Speaker 2: And when that epigenetic noise becomes loud enough, a specialized

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cell starts to lose its identity. It forgets its primary functions.

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Speaker 1: So a skin cell stops producing collagen as efficiently because

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the epigenetic instructions are muddled by the scratches.

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Speaker 2: A neuron misfires. That loss of cellular identity brought on

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by epigenetic noise is what manifests biologically is aging.

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Speaker 1: So if we accept this information theory of age, it

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completely alters the battleground. We aren't trying to fight physical

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entropy by replacing worn out parts.

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Speaker 2: No, we are trying to solve the data recovery problem.

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Speaker 1: We just need to figure out how to polish the scratch,

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how to reset those epigenetic tags so the cell can

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read its original, youthful blueprint.

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Speaker 2: Again. We need to debug the biological software.

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Speaker 1: But the challenge there seems insurmountable. I mean, human biology

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isn't a simple computer program. There are billions of chemical

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interactions happening in a single cell every.

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Speaker 2: Second, every single second.

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Speaker 1: How do you even begin to debug something that complex?

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Speaker 2: You can't, not with the human mind. Right, the sheer

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volume of biological data, the multidimensional complexity of protein folding

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and cellular signaling, it's entirely beyond the computational limits of

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human cognition.

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Speaker 1: Even if you had a team of the brightest scientists

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working for a millennium, they couldn't manually track the molecular

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interactions required to reset the epigenome.

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Speaker 2: Which brings us to the great catalyst of this entire

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thrilling threads exploration.

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Speaker 1: The convergence of jet AI and biology.

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Speaker 2: Yes, we are witnessing the birth of software two point

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zero in the pharmaceutical space.

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Speaker 1: I think when most people hear generative AI, they think

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of large language models, writing an essay or generating a

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piece of digital art from a text.

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Speaker 2: Product right chet GPT style exactly.

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Speaker 1: But what we found in the biotech investment reports is

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that the industry is using generative architectures to write biological code.

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They're using AI to solve the math of life itself.

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It's a literal cheat code for biology.

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Speaker 2: A prime example detailed in recent tech industry analyzes is

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Google deepminds alpha fol three.

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Speaker 1: Let's talk about that.

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Speaker 2: To truly appreciate the magnitude of alpha fol three, you

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have to understand the historical bottleneck of biology, which is

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protein folding. Okay, Proteins are the fundamental workhourses of your body.

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They dictate everything. But a protein's function is determined entirely

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by its three dimensional shape.

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Speaker 1: How it folds dictates whether it acts as a structural

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component in your muscle, or an enzyme digesting your food,

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or an antibody fighting of virs.

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Speaker 2: Exactly and mapping that shape used to be a monumental,

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agonizingly slow process.

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Speaker 1: From what I understand, a researcher might spend years, sometimes

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their entire academic career, using complex techniques like X ray

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crystallography just to determine the three D structure of one

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single protein.

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Speaker 2: Decades of work for a single molecular structure. Wow, Alpha

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fold three obliterated that bottleneck. It utilizes deep learning to

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predict the structure of all of life's molecules DNA, RNA,

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and crucially complex ligands in a matter of seconds.

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Speaker 1: Ligans being the triggers right.

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Speaker 2: Yes, ligands are essentially the trigger molecules, the keys that

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bind to a protein receptor to change its behavior. Alpha

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fol doesn't just map the lock, it can design the

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perfect molecular key to fit into it.

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Speaker 1: What used to take the global scientific community fifty years,

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the machine now executes in a blink in seconds. The

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compression of scientific time is what makes that twenty twenty

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nine predictions suddenly feel less like huge ubris and more

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like a mathematical inevitability. And this isn't just theoretical modeling

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running on a server somewhere. The reports we reviewed highlight

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real world applications that are happening right now. Look at

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in Silico medicine.

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Speaker 2: They are the poster child for this software two point

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zero revolution. Right.

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Speaker 1: Let's detail that because mind blowing in.

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Speaker 2: Silico is a perfect case study of how AI bypasses

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traditional pharmacology. The old world of drug discovery was highly inefficient.

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Speaker 1: If you wanted to create a novel therapeutic, you were

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looking at an average of six years of fumbling in

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the dark, synthesizing compounds, testing them in vitro, failing, tweaking,

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and failing again.

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Speaker 2: And that's before you even had a viable candidate ready

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for preclinical animal trials. It was incredibly expensive guesswork.

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Speaker 1: But in Silico didn't do that. They pointed their AI

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platform at a devastating, currently fatal condition called idiopathic pulmonary.

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Speaker 2: Fibrosis, a terrible disease.

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Speaker 1: Where the tissue deep in your lungs becomes thick and scarred,

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and over time the patient simply suffocates. Instead of spending

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six years guessing at compounds, and Silico tasked their AI

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with two distinct problems.

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Speaker 2: First, identify a novel biological target driving this fibrosis.

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Speaker 1: And second, design a completely new molecule from scratch that

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will perfectly bind to that target and halt the scarring.

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Speaker 2: They asked the AI to invent a molecule that had

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never existed in nature.

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Speaker 1: And the generative model went from a blank screen to

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a viable, optimized preclinical drug candidate in just eighteen.

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Speaker 2: Months, from six years down to eighteen months.

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Speaker 1: And my understanding is that they achieved this massive acceleration

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through the use of digital twins. Can you elaborate on

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the computational weight of that, because simulating biology sounds wildly

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resourced intensive.

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Speaker 2: It is intensely demanding, requiring massive compute power, but the

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logic is sound. A digital twin in this context is

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a highly accurate virtual simulation of human biological processes.

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Speaker 1: So instead of testing a chemical on a live mouse

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and then hoping it translates to a live human mup, the.

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Speaker 2: Chemical interaction on a digital model of human tissue. You

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can run millions of simulated experiments, testing countless molecular variations,

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observing how they interact with the digital epigenome. In a

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matter of hours.

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Speaker 1: You are essentially running billions of years of simulated evolution

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in a server room over a weekend. Exact, I want you,

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the listener, to just imagine the implications of that. We

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are moving toward reality where before any doctor prescribes you

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a physical intervention, they can run a simulation on a

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perfectly accurate digital twin of your own specific biology.

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Speaker 2: Right, your personal digital twin.

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Speaker 1: They can test a million variations of a longevity therapeutic

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on your digital liver, your digital heart, to see precisely

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how your unique genetic makeup will react without risking a

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single physical side effect.

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Speaker 2: It creates the ultimate risk free sandbox for biological experimentation.

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We now have the AI tools to map the software

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of human biology, and we have the processing power to

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navigate it.

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Speaker 1: But identifying the target and designing the mall is only

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half the battle.

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Speaker 2: Right actually taking that code, reaching into the physical, messy

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reality of the human body and initiating a hardware reboot

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that is an entirely different frontier.

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Speaker 1: It requires moving from digital simulations to physical cellular reprogramming,

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and that transition is currently being fueled by the largest

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concentration of private capital in scientific history.

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Speaker 2: Which brings us directly to section two of our thrilling

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threads deep dive, the hardware reboot and the massive financial

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bets being placed.

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Speaker 1: But to understand why these billionaires are pouring billions into this,

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we have to look at the foundational scientific breakthrough that

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made them believe it was possible. We have to go

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back to twenty twelve to a researcher named Shinya Yamanaka.

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Speaker 2: Doctor Yamanaka's work is the bedrock of the modern longevity movement.

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He discovered a specific combination of four proteins now universally

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known in the biotech sector as the Yamanaka factors.

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Speaker 1: And what he found fundamentally shattered the rules of biology.

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Speaker 2: He demonstrated that these four transcriptions factors act as a

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literal biological factory reset button from mammalian cells.

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Speaker 1: The experiment he ran is just staggering to think about

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from the literature. He took an old, highly differentiated specialized

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skin cell from an adult mouse.

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Speaker 2: A cell that had a locked in identity and a

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degraded epigenetic state, lots of scratches on the CD right.

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Speaker 1: He introduced these four proteins to that old skin cell,

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and it didn't just get a little healthier, It completely

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reversed its biological age.

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Speaker 2: It wiped the epigenetic slate clean. The factor scrubbed away

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all the accumulated noise.

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Speaker 1: But more importantly, the cell entirely forgot its specialized identity.

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Speaker 2: It ceased to be a skin cell. It reverted all

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the way back to a pluripotent stem cell, a completely blank,

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unassigned biological unit, indistinguishable from the cells found in an

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early stage embryo.

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Speaker 1: It proved definitively that biological aging is not a one

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way street. The air of time at the cellular level

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can be reversed. I want the listener to really intern

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the gravity of that, the physical matter that makes up

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your body can be chemically instructed to unage itself back

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to the very moment of inception.

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Speaker 2: That eureka moment in twenty twelve completely broke the dam.

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Speaker 1: Because the immediate inevitable question was, if you can reset

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a single isolated cell in a peatrie dish, can you

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figure out how to reset the complex matrix of cells

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that make up an entire human being.

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Speaker 2: And the pursuit of that answer is what birthed Altos Labs.

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Speaker 1: Let's talk about Altos Labs because this is where the immense,

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almost limitless wealth of Silicon Valley fully intersected with this

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biological frontier.

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Speaker 2: In January twenty twenty two, Altos launched out of stealth mode,

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backed by a staggering three billion dollars in seed funding.

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Speaker 1: Three billion. To contextualize that, three billion dollars is the

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largest initial funding round in the history of the biotechnology industry.

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It dwarfs traditional pharmaceutical.

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Speaker 2: Startups, and it was heavily backed by tech titans, most

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notably Jeff Bezos and Uri Milner.

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Speaker 1: With three billion dollars, you aren't just renting lab space

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and hiring a few promising postdocs. You are buying a

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monopoly on global genius.

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Speaker 2: They assembled what is essentially the scientific dream team. They

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poached Halbarn, pulling him away from his role as chief

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scientific officer at the pharmaceutical giant GSK.

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Speaker 1: They brought in Rick Klausner, the former director of the

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National Cancer Institute.

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Speaker 2: And crucially, they secured doctor Yamanaka himself as an unpaid

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senior scientific advisor.

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Speaker 1: The concentration of talent is unprecedented, but it's their mission

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statement that reveals the true paradigm shift. Altoslabs is very

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careful to state that they are not a traditional medicine company.

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Speaker 2: Right. They aren't interested in developing better status to manage cholesterol.

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Speaker 1: Or new insulin formulations to manage diabetes. Their singular overarching

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focus is the complete mastery of cellular rejuvenation programming.

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Speaker 2: They want to control the biological clock itself.

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Speaker 1: The theoretical goal is to take a failing organ let's

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say a seventy year old human heart that has suffered

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my cardiol infractions, is laden with scar tissue and is

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struggling to maintain a viable ejection fraction, and.

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Speaker 2: Expose that localized tissue to a perfectly calibrated cocktail of

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reprogramming factors.

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Speaker 1: The objective isn't to treat the symptoms of heart failure,

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but to instruct those specific cardiac cells to epigenetically revert

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back to how they functioned when the patient was twenty

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five years old.

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Speaker 2: It sounds miraculous, and the underlying math suggests it is possible.

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But we have to introduce a massive dose of reality here.

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This is the razor's edge of the science.

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Speaker 1: This is the danger.

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Speaker 2: The danger inherent in cellular reprogramming is monumental, and it's

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a primary reason this isn't already in human trials. We

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mentioned earlier that the Yamanaka factors make a cell forget

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its age, but in doing so, they also make it

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forget its identity.

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Speaker 1: Right, and if you are an adult human, your cells

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need their identities precisely.

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Speaker 2: If you run that biological factory reset for even a

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fraction of a second too long, the cell loses its

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differentiation entirely. It drops back to a blank slate.

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Speaker 1: If the cells in your heart forget how to be

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cardiac tissue, your heart stops beating.

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Speaker 2: If the cells in your vascular system forget how to

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form blood vessels, you suffer catastrophic hemorrhaging. It causes massive

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system wide cellular amnesia.

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Speaker 1: And from what I read in the investment risk analyses,

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the danger isn't just that the cells stop working. It's

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what those blank slate cells start doing instead.

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Speaker 2: Right, Because they don't just sit there.

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Speaker 1: If you have a cluster of pluripotent stem cells, sitting

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in an adult body with limitless potential to grow, but

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no epigenetic instructions telling them what to grow and do.

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They don't just sit there peacefully.

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Speaker 2: They do what stem cells do best. They multiply, rapidly

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and chaotically. In animal models, when in vivo reprogramming isn't

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perfectly controlled, these reset cells rapidly develop into tarotomas.

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Speaker 1: I have to be honest. Reading about tarotomas was pure

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biological horror. It is grim for the listener who isn't familiar.

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A teratoma is essentially a monster tumor. Because the reprogram

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cells have the genetic blueprint to become anything, but no

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active instructions, they just start chaotic random tissue generation.

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Speaker 2: You end up with aggressive tumors made of bizarre conglomerates

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of tissue.

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Speaker 1: Bone, muscle, hair, follicles, and fully formed teeth growing inside

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the chest, cavity or the liver.

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Speaker 2: It is the ultimate manifestation of biological chaos. You attempt

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to cure the organism of aging, and instead you initiate rampant,

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monstrous on coogenesis. You trigger cancer.

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Speaker 1: This is the danger zone, the defining challenge for Altos

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Labs in every other company in this space is how

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to navigate this razor's edge? How do you extract the

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youth restoring properties of the Yamanaka factors without unleashing the terratomas.

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Speaker 2: The proposed solution, and this is where the precision of

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AI modeling becomes absolutely critical, is a highly delicate process

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called partial reprogramming.

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Speaker 1: Right partial reprogramming.

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Speaker 2: The scientists working on this describe it with a rather

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poetic analogy. Instead of executing a full system reset, to

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dip the cell into the fountain of youth and pull

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it out right before it drowns.

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Speaker 1: I love that visual So how does that work? In practice?

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Speaker 2: The mechanism of partial reprogramming is essentially an epigenetic pulse.

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Instead of bathing the target tissue in the Amanaka factors

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continuously until the cells regress to a completely embryonic state,

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you turn the factors on for a highly specific, strictly

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regulated duration.

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Speaker 1: Perhaps just a few days exactly just long enough to

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polish the epigenetic noise, clear the scratches on the CD,

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but short enough that the cell doesn't lose its memory.

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Speaker 2: The transient pulse clears away the accumulated degradation, but stops

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before the cell sheds its core identity. The cardiac cell

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remains a cardiac cell. It simply begins to express its

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genes with the efficiency and vitality of a young cardiac cell.

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Speaker 1: And we know this isn't purely speculative because the successes

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coming out of the animal trials are staggering. By utilizing

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partial reprogramming techniques, researchers have successfully extended the overall lifespan

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of projeric mice mice genetic engineered to age rapidly.

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Speaker 2: But even more impressively, they have achieved localized rejuvenation.

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Speaker 1: They have restored vision in older blind mice by reprogramming

478
00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:12,279
the complex cells of the optic nerve, essentially regrown connections

479
00:24:12,319 --> 00:24:15,160
that were thought to be permanently degraded. They've healed spinal cords.

480
00:24:15,240 --> 00:24:19,599
Speaker 2: The data is robust, but translating a transient epigenetic pulse

481
00:24:19,640 --> 00:24:23,279
from a highly controlled mouse model into a messy, infinitely

482
00:24:23,319 --> 00:24:26,799
complex human physiology is the multi billion dollar hurdle.

483
00:24:27,119 --> 00:24:29,359
Speaker 1: But if they do it, If Altos Labs and their

484
00:24:29,359 --> 00:24:34,400
competitors can perfect in vivo partial reprogramming for humans, the

485
00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:37,480
societal implications are almost impossible to fully map out.

486
00:24:37,880 --> 00:24:40,480
Speaker 2: We are no longer talking about simply pushing the average

487
00:24:40,519 --> 00:24:44,319
human lifespan closer to the theoretical maximum of one hundred and

488
00:24:44,319 --> 00:24:49,319
twenty years. We are talking about fundamentally decoupling chronological age

489
00:24:49,599 --> 00:24:50,920
from biological age.

490
00:24:51,039 --> 00:24:53,079
Speaker 1: I want to paint a picture for you, the listener,

491
00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:57,000
What does society look like when that happens. Imagine a

492
00:24:57,000 --> 00:25:00,319
society where you have individuals who are chronologically nine or

493
00:25:00,319 --> 00:25:03,880
one hundred years old, possessing a century of a crude wisdom,

494
00:25:04,079 --> 00:25:06,240
emotional intelligence, and capital warre.

495
00:25:06,519 --> 00:25:09,960
Speaker 2: But they're walking around in the pristine, biologically resilient bodies

496
00:25:09,960 --> 00:25:10,680
of forty year olds.

497
00:25:10,839 --> 00:25:14,119
Speaker 1: Exactly, they aren't frail, they don't suffer from cognitive decline.

498
00:25:14,160 --> 00:25:18,039
They're playing competitive tennis, launching entirely new fifty year career arcs,

499
00:25:18,319 --> 00:25:21,799
and participating in society with peak vitality. It shatters every

500
00:25:21,799 --> 00:25:25,759
assumption we have about retirement, economic productivity, and generational turnover.

501
00:25:26,119 --> 00:25:30,279
Speaker 2: It completely rewrites the social contract. But while the billionaires

502
00:25:30,279 --> 00:25:33,720
funding ALTO slabs are content to build massive research campuses

503
00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:36,319
and wait a decade or more for the FDA to

504
00:25:36,359 --> 00:25:40,920
approve partial reprogramming therapeutics, there is a subculture of individuals

505
00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:42,279
who flatly.

506
00:25:41,839 --> 00:25:45,680
Speaker 1: Refuse to wait, which introduces a fascinating parallel track. In

507
00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:48,880
this longevity race, we are seeing the rise of the

508
00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:52,000
ultimate human guinea pigs and the birth of longevity as a.

509
00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:53,920
Speaker 2: Service Section three of our discussion.

510
00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:57,680
Speaker 1: This is where the science fiction intersects with extreme modern

511
00:25:57,759 --> 00:26:01,000
day biohacking, because some people look at the twenty thirties

512
00:26:01,039 --> 00:26:03,039
timeline and say, I might not make it that long.

513
00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:04,440
I need to intervene right now.

514
00:26:04,519 --> 00:26:08,359
Speaker 2: And the undisputed king of this extreme optimization movement is

515
00:26:08,359 --> 00:26:10,440
a software entrepreneur named Brian Johnson.

516
00:26:10,759 --> 00:26:13,480
Speaker 1: Based on the profiles and the investment reports, Johnson is

517
00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:16,759
widely considered to be the most measured quantified human being

518
00:26:16,839 --> 00:26:17,480
in history.

519
00:26:17,680 --> 00:26:21,920
Speaker 2: Johnson represents an entirely different philosophy of longevity. He isn't

520
00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:25,079
waiting for a magic genetic bullet to reset his biology.

521
00:26:25,519 --> 00:26:28,839
He's a tech founder who sold his payment processing company

522
00:26:28,839 --> 00:26:31,200
for roughly eight hundred million dollars.

523
00:26:31,279 --> 00:26:34,599
Speaker 1: And rather than retiring to an island or buying sports franchises,

524
00:26:34,839 --> 00:26:38,079
he decided to dedicate his vast personal wealth and his

525
00:26:38,119 --> 00:26:42,000
own physical body to one singular, obsessive goal.

526
00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:46,240
Speaker 2: Arresting the aging process through sheer algorithmic force.

527
00:26:46,640 --> 00:26:50,400
Speaker 1: He currently spends upwards of two million dollars every single

528
00:26:50,440 --> 00:26:55,039
year exclusively on maintaining and optimizing his biological systems. Two

529
00:26:55,079 --> 00:26:57,519
million dollars a year on your own body.

530
00:26:57,640 --> 00:27:01,279
Speaker 2: He calls this endeavor project blueprint, and I think calling

531
00:27:01,279 --> 00:27:05,559
this a lifestyle or a health regimen is wildly inadequate.

532
00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:06,240
Speaker 1: It's extreme.

533
00:27:06,359 --> 00:27:09,359
Speaker 2: It is the application of strict machine logic to a

534
00:27:09,440 --> 00:27:13,000
human organism. Yeah, the level of granule discipline he adheres

535
00:27:13,039 --> 00:27:16,160
to is frankly unfathomable for an average person.

536
00:27:16,359 --> 00:27:19,519
Speaker 1: Every single calorie is measured, He eats within a hyperspecific,

537
00:27:19,640 --> 00:27:22,759
highly restricted time window. He sleeps alone in a heavily

538
00:27:22,799 --> 00:27:26,240
modified environment engineered to maintain the exact optimal temperature for

539
00:27:26,359 --> 00:27:28,119
maximizing deep sleep phases.

540
00:27:28,200 --> 00:27:32,279
Speaker 2: He ingests over one hundred meticulously calibrated supplements and pharmaceuticals

541
00:27:32,319 --> 00:27:33,039
every day, and.

542
00:27:33,160 --> 00:27:36,519
Speaker 1: He undergoes constant invasive monitoring, tracking more than two thousand

543
00:27:36,559 --> 00:27:37,920
specific biomarkers.

544
00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:41,440
Speaker 2: His objective is distinct from the cellular reprogramming we discussed

545
00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:45,079
with Altos. He isn't currently trying to genetically rewrite his

546
00:27:45,160 --> 00:27:47,960
cells to make them younger. His stated goal is to

547
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,680
slow his biological rate of aging down to absolute zero.

548
00:27:51,880 --> 00:27:53,920
Using perfect data driven maintenance.

549
00:27:54,359 --> 00:27:56,599
Speaker 1: He wants to ensure that his forty seven year old

550
00:27:56,680 --> 00:28:00,400
organs function with the exact same metabolic efficiency the lack

551
00:28:00,440 --> 00:28:04,039
of inflammation as eighteen year old organs. He is trying

552
00:28:04,039 --> 00:28:06,200
to perfectly preserve the hardware, and if.

553
00:28:06,039 --> 00:28:09,279
Speaker 2: You analyze the clinical data his team publishes, the biometric

554
00:28:09,319 --> 00:28:12,759
marker suggests that his regiment is highly effective by many

555
00:28:12,799 --> 00:28:17,640
objective cardiovascular and metabolic measurements. His biological age is significantly

556
00:28:17,680 --> 00:28:19,319
lower than his chronological age.

557
00:28:19,400 --> 00:28:22,839
Speaker 1: He is essentially proving a concept. If you have infinite

558
00:28:22,839 --> 00:28:28,400
financial resources, a dedicated team of clinicians, and absolute unwavering discipline,

559
00:28:28,480 --> 00:28:31,480
you can manually override the standard decay cer of the

560
00:28:31,559 --> 00:28:32,200
human body.

561
00:28:32,279 --> 00:28:35,359
Speaker 2: But here is where Johnson's personal obsession pivots into a

562
00:28:35,440 --> 00:28:37,519
highly controversial commercial enterprise.

563
00:28:37,759 --> 00:28:40,880
Speaker 1: Right Because recently Johnson realized that the data he was

564
00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:43,480
gathering shouldn't just be confined to his own body, he

565
00:28:43,559 --> 00:28:45,319
decided to productize the blueprint.

566
00:28:45,599 --> 00:28:49,319
Speaker 2: He transitioned from an experiment into an industry. He successfully

567
00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:53,000
raised sixty million dollars from a roster of very high

568
00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:55,200
profile influential.

569
00:28:54,599 --> 00:28:58,680
Speaker 1: Investors, people with massive reach, indicating a desire to scale

570
00:28:58,680 --> 00:29:01,640
this concept. And recently he launched what he calls the

571
00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:03,000
Immortals Program.

572
00:29:03,160 --> 00:29:05,039
Speaker 2: The Immortals Program.

573
00:29:04,640 --> 00:29:06,400
Speaker 1: It sounds like a comic book, but it's a real

574
00:29:06,440 --> 00:29:10,640
corporate offering. This is the purest definition of longevity as

575
00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:13,839
a service, and the barrier to entry the price tag

576
00:29:14,000 --> 00:29:16,319
is an astonishing one million dollars per year.

577
00:29:16,519 --> 00:29:20,240
Speaker 2: It is positioned as an exclusive, white glove concierge service,

578
00:29:20,599 --> 00:29:23,640
initially limited to a handful of ultra wealthy individuals.

579
00:29:23,680 --> 00:29:28,039
Speaker 1: For that million dollars, they receive the exact bespoke, heavily monitored,

580
00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:31,240
data driven optimization protocol that Johnson has pioneered.

581
00:29:31,359 --> 00:29:34,920
Speaker 2: This development forces a deeply uncomfortable conversation about the future

582
00:29:34,920 --> 00:29:39,359
of healthcare. We are actively witnessing the commercialization of extreme longevity.

583
00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:45,119
Does extreme prohibitively expensive biological discipline equate to purchasing extra.

584
00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:47,599
Speaker 1: Decades of life time travel for the rich right?

585
00:29:48,359 --> 00:29:52,759
Speaker 2: And if it does, the ethical implications are staggering. We

586
00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:55,880
are looking at a future where optimal health and potentially

587
00:29:55,920 --> 00:29:58,960
immortality itself is heavily.

588
00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:00,839
Speaker 1: Paywalt, I really want to throw this out to you

589
00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:04,079
the listener, to chew on, how does the concept of

590
00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:06,440
million dollar a year longevity sit with you.

591
00:30:06,759 --> 00:30:08,000
Speaker 2: It's a tough pill to swallow.

592
00:30:08,240 --> 00:30:12,240
Speaker 1: If you possessed absolute certainty that a clinical protocol existed,

593
00:30:12,279 --> 00:30:15,880
a verifiable way to keep your body perfectly healthy, perfectly

594
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:19,960
vibrant indefinitely, but the cost of access was a million

595
00:30:20,000 --> 00:30:23,680
dollars annually. How does that fundamentally change your perception of

596
00:30:23,799 --> 00:30:24,759
wealth inequality?

597
00:30:25,079 --> 00:30:27,839
Speaker 2: Throughout all of human history, the ultimate consolation for the

598
00:30:27,839 --> 00:30:30,440
working class has been wealth. The rich eventually died just

599
00:30:30,519 --> 00:30:31,240
like the rest of us.

600
00:30:31,359 --> 00:30:33,960
Speaker 1: What happens to the social fabric when they don't? When

601
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:36,119
wealth literally buys time.

602
00:30:36,039 --> 00:30:40,039
Speaker 2: It threatens to create a permanent biological divide, a speciation

603
00:30:40,119 --> 00:30:41,680
event driven by economics.

604
00:30:41,839 --> 00:30:43,640
Speaker 1: But it is important to note that not all the

605
00:30:43,680 --> 00:30:47,400
major players injecting capital into the space share Johnson's extreme

606
00:30:47,519 --> 00:30:52,279
algorithmic philosophy or his desire to productize intense daily regimens.

607
00:30:52,680 --> 00:30:56,920
Speaker 2: No, there are highly influential pragmatists taking a slightly different,

608
00:30:56,920 --> 00:31:00,200
perhaps more universally applicable approach Hit.

609
00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:04,039
Speaker 1: Or Sam Altman, right, the CEO of Open AI. Altman's

610
00:31:04,039 --> 00:31:07,279
involvement is fascinating because he approaches the problem with a

611
00:31:07,279 --> 00:31:08,519
different set of parameters.

612
00:31:08,720 --> 00:31:12,119
Speaker 2: He personally invested one hundred and eighty million dollars of

613
00:31:12,119 --> 00:31:16,119
his own liquid wealth into a longevity startup called Retro.

614
00:31:15,799 --> 00:31:20,000
Speaker 1: Biosciences, emptying his personal bank account for this. And what

615
00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:23,319
stood out in the analyzes of Retro's strategy is that

616
00:31:23,359 --> 00:31:26,160
Altman isn't publicly claiming he wants to live forever.

617
00:31:26,519 --> 00:31:28,880
Speaker 2: At least that isn't the near term objective.

618
00:31:29,039 --> 00:31:33,319
Speaker 1: His goal is highly specific, incredibly grounded, and arguably much

619
00:31:33,319 --> 00:31:35,039
more relatable to the average person.

620
00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:39,279
Speaker 2: Altman's stated objective for retro Biosciences is to reliably add

621
00:31:39,359 --> 00:31:42,559
ten healthy years to the average human lifespan. He is

622
00:31:42,559 --> 00:31:45,359
specifically targeting the degradation that occurs at the very end

623
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:45,920
of life.

624
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:48,359
Speaker 1: Think about the final decade. For most people in the

625
00:31:48,359 --> 00:31:52,039
developed world today, it is rarely a period of vibrant activity.

626
00:31:52,319 --> 00:31:55,799
Those years are often spent in nursing homes, struggling with cascading,

627
00:31:55,880 --> 00:31:57,880
painful chronic diseases.

628
00:31:57,559 --> 00:32:01,559
Speaker 2: Battling eurodegenerative conditions like dementia, and suffering a profound loss

629
00:32:01,559 --> 00:32:02,960
of mobility and independence.

630
00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:08,000
Speaker 1: Altman's thesis is, let's reclaim those final ten years. Let's

631
00:32:08,039 --> 00:32:11,599
compress the period of morbidity so you live vibrantly until

632
00:32:11,599 --> 00:32:12,359
the very end.

633
00:32:12,279 --> 00:32:15,920
Speaker 2: And Retrobiosciences isn't trying to achieve that by selling expensive

634
00:32:15,960 --> 00:32:18,759
supplement stacks. They are pouring that one hundred and eighty

635
00:32:18,799 --> 00:32:24,240
million dollars into massive, high throughput laboratories dedicated to advancing

636
00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:26,359
specific cellular therapies.

637
00:32:26,519 --> 00:32:30,640
Speaker 1: Two of their major targets are plasma rejuvenation and induced autophogy.

638
00:32:31,160 --> 00:32:33,759
Can we break down what those actually mean? Let's start

639
00:32:33,759 --> 00:32:34,440
with autopogy.

640
00:32:34,480 --> 00:32:39,440
Speaker 2: Patophagy is essentially your body's intrinsic cellular recycling system. The

641
00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:43,240
word literally means self eating. Okay, Inside your cells, proteins

642
00:32:43,279 --> 00:32:47,359
are constantly being manufactured and utilized. But occasionally these proteins misfold,

643
00:32:47,480 --> 00:32:48,839
they become damaged.

644
00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:51,319
Speaker 1: And as we age, our cells become less efficient at

645
00:32:51,319 --> 00:32:53,160
clearing out this molecular garbage.

646
00:32:53,200 --> 00:32:57,319
Speaker 2: Exactly, the misfolded proteins and metabolic waste accumulate, turning into

647
00:32:57,400 --> 00:33:02,519
a sort of toxic cellular Sludge's terrible it is this

648
00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:07,839
sludge triggers inflammation and drives the aging process. Retrobiosciences is

649
00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:13,359
aggressively researching pharmacological ways to artificially stimulate this filtration.

650
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:17,240
Speaker 1: System to force the body to massively upregulate autophogy and

651
00:33:17,319 --> 00:33:19,400
clear the toxic sledge out of our cells.

652
00:33:19,519 --> 00:33:21,880
Speaker 2: It's like turning up the biological incinerator to burn off

653
00:33:21,920 --> 00:33:22,880
the garbage.

654
00:33:22,480 --> 00:33:24,799
Speaker 1: So zooming out. We are looking at a multi front

655
00:33:24,839 --> 00:33:27,960
war against aging. On one flank, you have the extreme

656
00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:32,839
optimizers like Johnson, proving that algorithmic discipline can slow the decay.

657
00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:35,559
Speaker 2: On another flank, you have the reprogrammers like Bezos and

658
00:33:35,599 --> 00:33:39,039
Altos labs trying to rewrite the epigenetic code.

659
00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:41,200
Speaker 1: And in the middle pragmatists like alt men trying to

660
00:33:41,240 --> 00:33:43,720
clean up the cellular environment. It is a modern day

661
00:33:43,720 --> 00:33:47,039
Manhattan Project or a biological space race, but instead of

662
00:33:47,119 --> 00:33:50,240
building rockets to escape the gravity of Earth, they are

663
00:33:50,240 --> 00:33:53,720
building biological lifeboats to escape the gravity of mortality.

664
00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:57,400
Speaker 2: It is a phenomenal mobilization of capital and intellect, but

665
00:33:57,480 --> 00:34:00,000
we have to introduce the friction here in section four

666
00:34:00,079 --> 00:34:00,799
or of our deep dive.

667
00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:02,279
Speaker 1: Yes, the Trojan horse.

668
00:34:02,240 --> 00:34:05,079
Speaker 2: Because as much money as Silicon Valley pours into these labs,

669
00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:10,159
biology remains stubbornly messy and unpredictable. When you attempt to

670
00:34:10,159 --> 00:34:14,239
hot wire millions of years of evolutionary programming, the system

671
00:34:14,320 --> 00:34:15,639
often crashes.

672
00:34:15,280 --> 00:34:17,679
Speaker 1: Which brings us to a crucial part of our analysis,

673
00:34:18,199 --> 00:34:21,760
the failures, the bureaucratic roadblocks, and how these companies are

674
00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:24,039
attempting to hack the regulatory system.

675
00:34:24,239 --> 00:34:26,880
Speaker 2: Let's talk about the failures, because the media narrative hasn't

676
00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:28,880
always been one of inevitable triumph.

677
00:34:29,360 --> 00:34:32,400
Speaker 1: No, some of the early highly publicized investments in this

678
00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:36,559
space crashed and burned spectacularly. We need to look at

679
00:34:36,559 --> 00:34:39,280
the transition from what the industry calls hardware one point

680
00:34:39,320 --> 00:34:41,760
zho to the current software two point zero era.

681
00:34:41,960 --> 00:34:44,159
Speaker 2: In the early days of the longevity boom, a lot

682
00:34:44,159 --> 00:34:48,199
of capital flowed into companies like Unity Biotechnology. Their primary

683
00:34:48,199 --> 00:34:51,239
scientific premise was targeting what they call zombie cells.

684
00:34:51,440 --> 00:34:54,639
Speaker 1: The technical term is sinescent cells. These are cells that

685
00:34:54,679 --> 00:34:57,760
have suffered damage, perhaps to their DNA, and to prevent

686
00:34:57,800 --> 00:35:00,920
them celves from turning cancerous, they enter a state permanent arrest.

687
00:35:01,079 --> 00:35:04,159
Speaker 2: They stopped dividing, but they refused to undergo apoptosis. They

688
00:35:04,239 --> 00:35:07,960
refused to die. Instead, they just sit in the tissue,

689
00:35:08,280 --> 00:35:11,679
secreting a highly inflammatory cocktail of chemicals that damages the

690
00:35:11,719 --> 00:35:12,800
healthy cells around them.

691
00:35:13,199 --> 00:35:17,039
Speaker 1: Unity's approach was to develop synolytics, drugs designed to aggressively

692
00:35:17,119 --> 00:35:20,719
hunt down and kill off these zombie cells with blunt instruments.

693
00:35:20,960 --> 00:35:23,480
Speaker 2: It sounds like a solid strategy clear out the toxic cells,

694
00:35:24,320 --> 00:35:27,639
but their approach was essentially a blunt instrument. They tried

695
00:35:27,639 --> 00:35:30,719
to develop small molecule drugs that would systemically wipe them.

696
00:35:30,639 --> 00:35:34,039
Speaker 1: Out, and when they finally reached human clinical trials, particularly

697
00:35:34,079 --> 00:35:37,880
for osteoarthritis and the knee, the drugs largely failed to

698
00:35:37,880 --> 00:35:41,559
demonstrate significant efficacy. It just wasn't precise enough.

699
00:35:41,440 --> 00:35:45,440
Speaker 2: And when those phase two trials failed, unity stock price plummeted.

700
00:35:46,119 --> 00:35:49,199
The financial fallout was significant, but the media reaction was

701
00:35:49,239 --> 00:35:50,039
even more telling.

702
00:35:50,239 --> 00:35:53,840
Speaker 1: There was a palpable wave of skepticism across the mainstream press.

703
00:35:54,039 --> 00:35:57,480
Speaker 2: You saw countless op eds and articles essentially mocking the effort.

704
00:35:57,840 --> 00:36:01,960
The narrative was, see you can't cheat. The tech billionaires

705
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:04,960
wasted their money playing god and biology ie.

706
00:36:05,360 --> 00:36:07,800
Speaker 1: But the analysis we were looking at suggests the media

707
00:36:07,920 --> 00:36:12,079
completely misread the situation. They were judging the entire future

708
00:36:12,119 --> 00:36:14,800
of longevity based on the failure of a hardware one

709
00:36:14,840 --> 00:36:16,480
point zero blunt instrument.

710
00:36:16,599 --> 00:36:19,760
Speaker 2: They entirely missed the massive tidal wave of software two

711
00:36:19,800 --> 00:36:21,320
point zero that was building right behind it.

712
00:36:21,480 --> 00:36:24,639
Speaker 1: Precisely while the skeptics were doing victory laps over the

713
00:36:24,679 --> 00:36:28,199
failure of an early synalytic drug. Companies operating in the

714
00:36:28,199 --> 00:36:30,880
software two point zero space, like in silico medicine, which

715
00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:34,599
we discussed earlier, were quietly proving that the paradigm had

716
00:36:34,679 --> 00:36:35,639
permanently shifted.

717
00:36:35,800 --> 00:36:39,199
Speaker 2: They weren't relying on human guesswork to attack zombie cells.

718
00:36:39,480 --> 00:36:43,320
They were using generitive AI to design completely novel, hyper

719
00:36:43,360 --> 00:36:45,119
precise molecular interventions.

720
00:36:45,239 --> 00:36:48,599
Speaker 1: That drug for pulmonary fibrosis, the one designed entirely by

721
00:36:48,639 --> 00:36:50,960
AI from a blank screen. It didn't just work in

722
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:54,400
a digital simulation, it worked in animal models, and recently

723
00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:58,119
it successfully advanced into phase two human clinical trials.

724
00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:02,360
Speaker 2: This point cannot be overstad and artificial intelligence invented a

725
00:37:02,400 --> 00:37:05,559
therapeutic molecule that had never previously existed in the universe,

726
00:37:05,960 --> 00:37:09,840
and that molecule is actively being tested inside living, breathing

727
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:11,280
human patients right now.

728
00:37:11,559 --> 00:37:15,880
Speaker 1: It is definitive, undeniable proof that machine intelligence can navigate

729
00:37:15,880 --> 00:37:19,760
our biology far more effectively than human cognition can.

730
00:37:19,840 --> 00:37:22,840
Speaker 2: But and this is the massive roadblock. Even with perfect

731
00:37:22,840 --> 00:37:26,679
generative AI, and even with infinite Silicon Valley capital, there

732
00:37:26,760 --> 00:37:30,880
is an enormous logistical and legal barrier standing between the

733
00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:32,159
lab and the consumer.

734
00:37:32,280 --> 00:37:34,760
Speaker 1: And it's not a scientific problem, it's a bureaucratic one.

735
00:37:34,800 --> 00:37:35,840
The FDA, the.

736
00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:41,119
Speaker 2: Food and Drug Administration, and equivalent regulatory bodies globally operate

737
00:37:41,199 --> 00:37:45,360
on a very strict, historically entrenched framework of what constitutes

738
00:37:45,400 --> 00:37:46,199
a disease.

739
00:37:45,960 --> 00:37:49,760
Speaker 1: And under the current regulatory guidelines, the FDA explicitly does

740
00:37:49,800 --> 00:37:52,000
not recognize aging as a disease. No.

741
00:37:52,320 --> 00:37:57,599
Speaker 2: Aging is classified as a natural, inevitable biological process. Therefore, legally,

742
00:37:57,880 --> 00:38:00,239
you cannot design a clinical trial or a plot for

743
00:38:00,320 --> 00:38:03,519
regulatory approval for a drug whose stated purpose is to

744
00:38:03,599 --> 00:38:04,199
cure aging.

745
00:38:04,400 --> 00:38:07,159
Speaker 1: You certainly can't market a pill and put immortality on

746
00:38:07,199 --> 00:38:09,480
the label. The FDA would shut you down before the

747
00:38:09,480 --> 00:38:10,119
ink was dry.

748
00:38:10,480 --> 00:38:13,599
Speaker 2: So if you are a biotech CEO and your AI

749
00:38:13,719 --> 00:38:17,840
has just designed a breakthrough molecule that demonstrably reverses the

750
00:38:17,840 --> 00:38:22,119
epigenetic clock and rejuvenate cellular tissue, but the federal government

751
00:38:22,119 --> 00:38:26,239
says you cannot legally sell an anti aging drug, what

752
00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:26,880
is your move?

753
00:38:27,199 --> 00:38:30,639
Speaker 1: You use a hack, You deploy the industry's brilliant, incredibly

754
00:38:30,679 --> 00:38:33,199
strategic loophole, the trojan horse.

755
00:38:33,400 --> 00:38:37,239
Speaker 2: The trojan horse strategy is a masterpiece of regulatory navigation.

756
00:38:37,320 --> 00:38:38,159
Speaker 1: So how does it work.

757
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:42,559
Speaker 2: If you possess a therapeutic that comprehensively rejuvenate sells, you

758
00:38:42,599 --> 00:38:45,280
don't walk into the FDA headquarters and announce we have

759
00:38:45,360 --> 00:38:48,199
discovered the fountain of youth. Instead, you apply to run

760
00:38:48,239 --> 00:38:52,719
clinical trials for a highly specific, universally recognized disease that

761
00:38:52,800 --> 00:38:55,239
happens to be a direct symptom of the aging process.

762
00:38:55,400 --> 00:38:57,960
Speaker 1: Right, You approach the regulators and say, we have zero

763
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:01,119
interest in curing aging. However, we have developed a highly

764
00:39:01,159 --> 00:39:04,280
effective treatment for ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or we.

765
00:39:04,239 --> 00:39:07,559
Speaker 2: Have a novel therapeutic for age related macular degeneration or

766
00:39:07,679 --> 00:39:10,679
chronic kidney failure or muscular frailty.

767
00:39:10,719 --> 00:39:15,239
Speaker 1: Exactly. You target a localized catastrophic failure of age tissue,

768
00:39:15,639 --> 00:39:19,039
and the FDA evaluates the drug purely on its clinical

769
00:39:19,079 --> 00:39:22,000
efficacy for that specific localized disease.

770
00:39:22,480 --> 00:39:26,400
Speaker 2: If your cellular rejuvenation therapeutic successfully clears the fibrosis in

771
00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:29,920
the patient's lung by resetting those specific lung cells to

772
00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:33,960
a younger, healthier epigenetic state, the FDA will approve it.

773
00:39:34,199 --> 00:39:36,679
They will legally sanction it as a vital lung medication.

774
00:39:37,039 --> 00:39:39,639
Speaker 1: But here's the mechanism of the trojan horse. Once a

775
00:39:39,719 --> 00:39:42,480
drug has cleared safety trials and is legally approved for

776
00:39:42,519 --> 00:39:46,440
the market for one specific condition, licensed physicians possess the

777
00:39:46,480 --> 00:39:49,679
legal authority to prescribe that drug off label for entirely

778
00:39:49,719 --> 00:39:50,559
different conditions.

779
00:39:50,679 --> 00:39:52,679
Speaker 2: This is where the entire system gets bypassed.

780
00:39:52,719 --> 00:39:55,639
Speaker 1: The drug gets its official FDA stamp of approval solely

781
00:39:55,639 --> 00:39:59,079
for treating lungs. But the broader medical community, the longevity clinics,

782
00:39:59,079 --> 00:40:02,199
the anti aging dot com they all read the scientific literature.

783
00:40:02,280 --> 00:40:05,400
They know the drug is actually a systemic cellular age

784
00:40:05,440 --> 00:40:06,519
reversal agent.

785
00:40:06,440 --> 00:40:09,719
Speaker 2: So they immediately begin prescribing it off label to their patients.

786
00:40:09,760 --> 00:40:13,079
To rejuvenate the cardiovascular system, to repair the liver, to

787
00:40:13,119 --> 00:40:16,559
approve skin elasticity, to stave off cognitive decline.

788
00:40:16,760 --> 00:40:20,360
Speaker 1: The anti aging miracle drug successfully sneaks into the global

789
00:40:20,440 --> 00:40:24,119
medical supply chain, completely hidden inside the wooden horse of

790
00:40:24,159 --> 00:40:25,960
a specific disease treatment.

791
00:40:26,039 --> 00:40:29,960
Speaker 2: It is an elegant circumvention. The FDA's rigid structure can

792
00:40:30,039 --> 00:40:33,960
slow the deployment of these therapeutics, but through off label prescribing,

793
00:40:34,159 --> 00:40:38,159
it cannot stop them. The underlying generative science is advancing

794
00:40:38,159 --> 00:40:41,880
too rapidly for twentieth century regulatory frameworks to contain.

795
00:40:42,039 --> 00:40:46,199
Speaker 1: However, even utilizing the trojan horse strategy, the FDA approval

796
00:40:46,239 --> 00:40:50,639
pipeline still requires years of multi phase clinical trials. And

797
00:40:50,719 --> 00:40:53,519
if there is one universal truth about the ultra wealthy

798
00:40:53,559 --> 00:40:56,119
individuals funding this research, it is that they are not

799
00:40:56,159 --> 00:40:56,840
known for their.

800
00:40:56,679 --> 00:41:00,159
Speaker 2: Patients, especially when the biological clock on their own mortality

801
00:41:00,280 --> 00:41:02,199
is taking relentlessly.

802
00:41:01,679 --> 00:41:04,239
Speaker 1: Which brings us to a geopolitical reality that we have

803
00:41:04,320 --> 00:41:07,039
to discuss the concept of offshore lifeboats.

804
00:41:07,199 --> 00:41:09,440
Speaker 2: If you are a billionaire operating with a net worth

805
00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:12,320
of fifty billion dollars and you know that technology exists

806
00:41:12,360 --> 00:41:14,480
to reset your up a genome, you are not going

807
00:41:14,519 --> 00:41:16,960
to sit in a waiting room filling out FDA paperwork

808
00:41:16,960 --> 00:41:20,760
in Washington, DC while you're telemere shortened and your cells degrade.

809
00:41:20,840 --> 00:41:23,639
Speaker 1: You are going to leverage your capital to bypass the

810
00:41:23,760 --> 00:41:27,880
nation state entirely. The data indicates that massive amounts of

811
00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:30,920
funding are flowing into building stud of the art biological

812
00:41:30,960 --> 00:41:33,639
research and treatment facilities in offshore.

813
00:41:33,320 --> 00:41:37,440
Speaker 2: Jurisdictions, places that simply do not ask as many regulatory questions.

814
00:41:37,760 --> 00:41:41,320
They are actively constructing parallel sovereign medical systems.

815
00:41:41,480 --> 00:41:45,280
Speaker 1: We are talking about jurisdictions in the Caribbean, special economic

816
00:41:45,440 --> 00:41:48,920
zones in Central America, or advanced medical free zones in

817
00:41:48,960 --> 00:41:51,760
places like you buy, where the regulatory red tape is thin,

818
00:41:52,159 --> 00:41:55,679
highly flexible, or easily influenced by massive capital injection.

819
00:41:56,079 --> 00:41:58,280
Speaker 2: Imagine the geopolitical implications of this.

820
00:41:58,599 --> 00:42:02,719
Speaker 1: If a definitive breakthrough through in cellular reprogramming occurs tomorrow.

821
00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:07,239
If Altaslab successfully develops the Yamanaka pulse for humans, but

822
00:42:07,280 --> 00:42:09,880
the US government dictates that it requires a ten year

823
00:42:09,960 --> 00:42:13,519
longitudinal safety study before it can be administered domestically, the

824
00:42:13,599 --> 00:42:16,320
ultrawealthy will simply board their private jets.

825
00:42:16,519 --> 00:42:19,679
Speaker 2: They will fly to these heavily fortified offshore longevity clinics,

826
00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:24,000
receive the reprogramming treatments immediately, and return home biologically younger.

827
00:42:24,199 --> 00:42:27,960
Speaker 1: We are looking at a future where biological sovereignty untethers

828
00:42:28,000 --> 00:42:32,079
itself from traditional national boundaries. The laws of biology will

829
00:42:32,079 --> 00:42:33,920
be dictated by the laws of capital.

830
00:42:34,079 --> 00:42:37,800
Speaker 2: The scientific consensus is shifting rapidly. The question for the

831
00:42:37,800 --> 00:42:41,280
individuals funding this research is no longer whether the biological

832
00:42:41,320 --> 00:42:44,880
code can be hacked and rewritten. Genitive AI has already

833
00:42:44,880 --> 00:42:45,400
proven that.

834
00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:49,239
Speaker 1: It can The real pressing question is can you afford

835
00:42:49,239 --> 00:42:51,840
a seat on the lifeboat before your time runs out?

836
00:42:52,280 --> 00:42:54,960
Speaker 2: But before we get entirely swept away by the momentum

837
00:42:55,000 --> 00:42:57,920
of the science, the AI models, and the billions of dollars,

838
00:42:58,239 --> 00:43:00,519
We need to take a hard, deliberate pause.

839
00:43:00,840 --> 00:43:02,559
Speaker 1: We need to wade into the deep end of the

840
00:43:02,599 --> 00:43:06,480
moral implications. Because section five of our discussion today confronts

841
00:43:06,519 --> 00:43:09,880
the ultimate unavoidable question. We have to examine the Musk

842
00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:12,400
paradox and the philosophy of death itself.

843
00:43:12,840 --> 00:43:14,920
Speaker 2: This is a vital pause because almost all of the

844
00:43:14,920 --> 00:43:19,039
biotech investment literature, the futurist projections, and the capital flowing

845
00:43:19,039 --> 00:43:23,800
into Silicon Valley, operates on one massive, unquestioned assumption that

846
00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:27,559
death is inherently bad and living forever is inherently good.

847
00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:30,800
Speaker 1: But just because human ingenuity can cheat death, does that

848
00:43:30,880 --> 00:43:35,360
mean we absolutely should. There is a profound, deeply unsettling

849
00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:38,840
dark side to immortality, one that rarely makes it into

850
00:43:38,880 --> 00:43:42,519
the glossy optimistic pitch DEGs of longevity startups.

851
00:43:42,719 --> 00:43:46,679
Speaker 2: It's an ethical dilemma that requires serious critical thinking. Elon

852
00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:50,320
Musk articulated the specific danger perfectly, which is why it's

853
00:43:50,360 --> 00:43:53,440
often referred to in these circles as the Musk paradox.

854
00:43:53,760 --> 00:43:58,639
Speaker 1: Musk, despite his involvement in incredibly futuristic technologies, strongly argues

855
00:43:58,679 --> 00:44:01,599
that it is fundamentally necessar for human beings to die.

856
00:44:01,920 --> 00:44:06,079
Speaker 2: His rationale isn't religious, it's psychological and sociological. He points

857
00:44:06,119 --> 00:44:09,639
out that human beings very rarely change their deeply entrenched minds.

858
00:44:09,679 --> 00:44:12,800
Speaker 1: As people age. They don't typically evolve their core world views,

859
00:44:12,800 --> 00:44:13,840
they solidify them.

860
00:44:14,000 --> 00:44:17,519
Speaker 2: If people live indefinitely, society runs the very real risk

861
00:44:17,559 --> 00:44:21,360
of becoming completely ossified, rigid, frozen in time.

862
00:44:21,599 --> 00:44:24,800
Speaker 1: I want you listening right now to really envision the

863
00:44:24,880 --> 00:44:28,960
dystopian reality of that. Imagine a world where the CEOs

864
00:44:28,960 --> 00:44:32,920
who built the fossil fuel monopolies, the politicians who radical

865
00:44:32,920 --> 00:44:35,400
new ideas simply cannot take root in a system where

866
00:44:35,440 --> 00:44:37,360
the old guard never leaves the stage.

867
00:44:37,480 --> 00:44:40,760
Speaker 2: From a purely evolutionary standpoint, Nature designed us with an

868
00:44:40,760 --> 00:44:44,440
expiration date for a reason. Death, as brutal as it

869
00:44:44,480 --> 00:44:48,000
is to the individual, is the ultimate mechanism of macro innovation.

870
00:44:48,519 --> 00:44:52,960
Speaker 1: It sweeps the board clean, It forcibly, inevitably redistributes wealth,

871
00:44:53,039 --> 00:44:56,760
power and influence. It mandates turnover allowing the next generation

872
00:44:56,840 --> 00:44:59,719
to upgrade the species and adapt to new environments.

873
00:45:00,280 --> 00:45:03,840
Speaker 2: If we use AI to suddenly conquer death, we might

874
00:45:04,000 --> 00:45:09,920
accidentally assassinate human progress. We trade dynamic, chaotic, necessary evolution

875
00:45:10,400 --> 00:45:12,280
for comfortable, endless stagnation.

876
00:45:12,519 --> 00:45:16,320
Speaker 1: We risk turning human civilization into a global museum of people,

877
00:45:16,639 --> 00:45:19,719
perfectly preserved, never changing, never making room for the new.

878
00:45:20,639 --> 00:45:22,480
Do we want to be a museum? Does a healthy

879
00:45:22,519 --> 00:45:24,880
society require an expiration date to function?

880
00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:28,239
Speaker 2: It is a heavy, almost paralyzing philosophical argument. It forces

881
00:45:28,320 --> 00:45:30,400
us to weigh the value of the individual against the

882
00:45:30,400 --> 00:45:31,559
progress of the species.

883
00:45:31,760 --> 00:45:34,880
Speaker 1: But, and this is where the conversation always inevitably turns

884
00:45:34,920 --> 00:45:38,599
on its head. Philosophy is incredibly abstract. It is easy

885
00:45:38,639 --> 00:45:42,280
to debate the intellectual merits of generational turnover and evolutionary

886
00:45:42,280 --> 00:45:46,159
progress when you're sitting in a comfortable armchair, perfectly healthy.

887
00:45:46,199 --> 00:45:51,039
Speaker 2: Exactly abstract. Philosophy evaporates entirely when the reality of death

888
00:45:51,159 --> 00:45:54,920
enters your immediate personal orbit. When it is the hospital bed.

889
00:45:54,760 --> 00:45:58,119
Speaker 1: Reality, when it is your mother's mind slowly fading away

890
00:45:58,159 --> 00:46:01,880
from Alzheimer's, when it is your child facing a terminal diagnosis,

891
00:46:02,320 --> 00:46:04,880
or when it is you sitting in a sterile doctor's office,

892
00:46:04,920 --> 00:46:07,119
looking at a scan that tells you your time is up.

893
00:46:07,119 --> 00:46:10,039
Speaker 2: In that moment, listening to the rhythmic, terrifying hum of

894
00:46:10,039 --> 00:46:13,800
a heart monitor. Do you care about the broader sociological

895
00:46:13,840 --> 00:46:17,039
need for innovation? Do you care about Max Planck's theories

896
00:46:17,039 --> 00:46:18,280
on generational turnover?

897
00:46:18,480 --> 00:46:21,519
Speaker 1: Or do you just desperately, with every fiber of your being,

898
00:46:21,880 --> 00:46:22,639
want more time.

899
00:46:22,760 --> 00:46:26,000
Speaker 2: The drive to survive is the most fundamental code written

900
00:46:26,039 --> 00:46:28,519
into our biology, and if you look at the entire

901
00:46:28,599 --> 00:46:32,000
sweeping scope of human history, it is defined by one

902
00:46:32,159 --> 00:46:37,119
core unifying trait. We relentlessly rebel against our original design.

903
00:46:37,480 --> 00:46:41,119
Speaker 1: Nature didn't give us wings or the biological capacity for flight,

904
00:46:41,519 --> 00:46:44,960
so what did we do. We studied aerodynamics, We manipulated physics,

905
00:46:44,960 --> 00:46:47,119
We build airplanes, and we touched the sky.

906
00:46:47,679 --> 00:46:50,920
Speaker 2: Nature didn't build our bodies to survive the freezing temperatures

907
00:46:50,960 --> 00:46:54,280
of winter, So we tained fire, We build heated shelters,

908
00:46:54,360 --> 00:46:55,440
and we conquered the cold.

909
00:46:55,920 --> 00:46:59,320
Speaker 1: Every major leap in human civilization has been a bold

910
00:46:59,360 --> 00:47:02,239
refusal to accept our biological limitations.

911
00:47:02,679 --> 00:47:06,679
Speaker 2: Seeing through that lens. Utilizing generative AI and cellular reprogramming

912
00:47:06,679 --> 00:47:10,679
to conquer death isn't some unnatural, horrific aberration. It is

913
00:47:10,719 --> 00:47:14,639
the natural, logical continuation of exactly who we are as

914
00:47:14,639 --> 00:47:15,239
a species.

915
00:47:15,440 --> 00:47:18,519
Speaker 1: It is the final ultimate rebellion against a universe that

916
00:47:18,639 --> 00:47:21,639
constantly seeks to break us down through entropy. It is

917
00:47:21,719 --> 00:47:25,440
humanity finally deciding that we possess the tools, the intelligence,

918
00:47:25,480 --> 00:47:29,000
and the audacity to rewrite the hardest, most unforgiving rule

919
00:47:29,039 --> 00:47:29,280
of all.

920
00:47:29,440 --> 00:47:32,840
Speaker 2: It is, in a very real way, humanity finally deciding

921
00:47:32,880 --> 00:47:35,840
to leave the cradle, the ultimate defiance of nature.

922
00:47:36,079 --> 00:47:38,679
Speaker 1: It is a powerful framing. We have covered a massive

923
00:47:38,719 --> 00:47:42,119
expanse of intellectual and scientific ground today in this thrilling

924
00:47:42,159 --> 00:47:43,159
threads exploration.

925
00:47:43,559 --> 00:47:47,400
Speaker 2: We began by tearing down the outdated mechanical car Junkyard

926
00:47:47,440 --> 00:47:50,840
myth of aging, replacing it with the profound realization that

927
00:47:50,880 --> 00:47:53,599
aging is simply epigenetic noise.

928
00:47:53,480 --> 00:47:57,719
Speaker 1: Scratches on a perfectly encoded biological CD. We explored the

929
00:47:57,760 --> 00:48:01,840
sheer world altering processing power of generative AI models like

930
00:48:01,920 --> 00:48:05,639
Alpha fold three, acting as a literal cheak code for biology,

931
00:48:05,960 --> 00:48:08,719
designing novel therapeutics in months rather than decades.

932
00:48:08,960 --> 00:48:12,159
Speaker 2: We examined the staggering three billion dollar bets being placed

933
00:48:12,159 --> 00:48:15,400
by titans like Jeff Bezos and altoslabs to master the

934
00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:16,920
Yamanaka factors.

935
00:48:16,599 --> 00:48:19,800
Speaker 1: Attempting to balance on the terrifying razor's edge between the

936
00:48:19,800 --> 00:48:23,440
fountain of youth and the horror of terotomas and cellular amnesia.

937
00:48:24,039 --> 00:48:27,920
We dove into Brian Johnson's extreme algorithmic quest to slow

938
00:48:27,960 --> 00:48:31,000
aging to zero and the controversial reality of million dollar

939
00:48:31,039 --> 00:48:32,480
immortality subscriptions.

940
00:48:32,559 --> 00:48:35,360
Speaker 2: We unpack the brilliant trojan horse strategy that the biotech

941
00:48:35,360 --> 00:48:38,480
industry will utilize to slip these eight reversal cures past

942
00:48:38,519 --> 00:48:42,280
the rigid bureaucracy of the FDA and the geopolitical implications

943
00:48:42,320 --> 00:48:44,280
of offshore biological lifeboats.

944
00:48:44,519 --> 00:48:47,599
Speaker 1: And finally, we tangled with the immense weight of the

945
00:48:47,679 --> 00:48:51,599
Musk paradox, the terrifying possibility that an immortal society might

946
00:48:51,679 --> 00:48:56,719
inevitably devolve into a stagnant, frozen society incapable of progress.

947
00:48:57,239 --> 00:48:59,679
Speaker 2: But before we wrap up today's analysis of these sources

948
00:48:59,719 --> 00:49:01,960
and p I want to leave you with a final,

949
00:49:02,199 --> 00:49:05,880
highly provocative thought, something that wasn't directly debated in the

950
00:49:05,920 --> 00:49:09,840
investment reports or the futurist timelines, but that naturally inevitably

951
00:49:09,840 --> 00:49:12,440
emerges from all this data. Let's hear it It is

952
00:49:12,480 --> 00:49:15,679
a chilling question regarding the nature of human motivation itself.

953
00:49:16,840 --> 00:49:19,800
If death is the only absolute boundary that gives our

954
00:49:19,840 --> 00:49:23,719
time its scarcity and therefore it's intrinsic value, what happens

955
00:49:23,760 --> 00:49:25,840
to human drive in an endless life?

956
00:49:26,000 --> 00:49:28,400
Speaker 1: Think about your own life, how often we put things

957
00:49:28,400 --> 00:49:30,719
off because we assume we have time, and how the

958
00:49:30,760 --> 00:49:33,039
ticking clock forces us to eventually act.

959
00:49:33,280 --> 00:49:35,880
Speaker 2: If you possess a guaranteed thousand years to finish a

960
00:49:35,920 --> 00:49:39,480
creative project, or to mend a broken relationship, or to

961
00:49:39,480 --> 00:49:41,679
simply look someone in the eye and say I love you,

962
00:49:42,119 --> 00:49:43,880
do you ever actually get around to doing it?

963
00:49:43,880 --> 00:49:48,639
Speaker 1: Does infinite time breed infinite procrastination without the shadow of

964
00:49:48,679 --> 00:49:51,239
the picking plock? Do we lose the very urgency that

965
00:49:51,320 --> 00:49:55,400
makes human life meaningful? That is incredibly heavy. A thousand

966
00:49:55,480 --> 00:49:57,599
years to write the Great American novel so you just

967
00:49:57,639 --> 00:50:00,280
decide to binge watch television for a century instead.

968
00:50:00,679 --> 00:50:03,320
Speaker 2: Really makes you wonder if the harsh limitation of life

969
00:50:03,360 --> 00:50:06,039
is the exact ingredient that gives it its flavor.

970
00:50:06,199 --> 00:50:09,280
Speaker 1: So we want to know where you stand. We have

971
00:50:09,480 --> 00:50:13,679
unspooled a lot of reality bending, paradigm shifting concepts today.

972
00:50:14,199 --> 00:50:19,239
If the FDA miraculously approved a perfect, flawlessly safe cellular

973
00:50:19,280 --> 00:50:23,320
reprogramming anti aging pill tomorrow, and you had the financial

974
00:50:23,360 --> 00:50:25,199
means to afford it, would you take it?

975
00:50:25,320 --> 00:50:28,320
Speaker 2: Would you willingly sign up for biological immortality? Or do

976
00:50:28,360 --> 00:50:31,480
you fundamentally agree with Elon Musk that society and perhaps

977
00:50:31,519 --> 00:50:35,000
the human soul itself, requires an expiration date in order

978
00:50:35,039 --> 00:50:35,920
to truly evolve.

979
00:50:36,119 --> 00:50:38,960
Speaker 1: It is undoubtedly the most important question our generation will

980
00:50:39,000 --> 00:50:41,039
ever have to answer. And if the futurists are right

981
00:50:41,039 --> 00:50:43,960
about longevity escape velocity, the year twenty twenty nine is

982
00:50:43,960 --> 00:50:46,960
approaching incredibly fast. The choice is coming whether we are

983
00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:47,840
ready for it or not.

984
00:50:48,239 --> 00:50:50,159
Speaker 2: Leave us a comment and let us know your final verdict.

985
00:50:50,239 --> 00:50:51,079
Would you take the pill?

986
00:50:52,159 --> 00:50:55,119
Speaker 1: Thank you for unraveling these thrilling threads with us today.

987
00:50:55,280 --> 00:50:58,400
It has been an absolute mind bender of a conversation,

988
00:50:58,800 --> 00:51:02,400
traversing the bleeding edge of science and the deepest questions

989
00:51:02,440 --> 00:51:06,559
of philosophy. Stay curious, keep critically questioning the absolute guarantees

990
00:51:06,559 --> 00:51:08,719
in life, and we will see you next time, hopefully

991
00:51:08,840 --> 00:51:09,239
forever