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Speaker 2: Welcome back today.

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Speaker 1: We're gonna be looking at personality assessment methods. Objective tests

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are first one. There structured score quantitatively and typically a

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stronger reliability and validity. We'll also look at projective tests.

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They're not as strong, but they're open ended and explore

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the unconscious is what their goal is.

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Speaker 2: The m m p I two m m p I

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two r F m m p I a I believe

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it or not.

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Speaker 1: They all use validity scales for example LFK things of

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that nature, clinical scales and content scales.

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Speaker 2: We'll look at those a little bit more later.

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Speaker 1: The n EO PI R measures the five factor model,

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and the PAI blends psychopathology and treatment relevance. The MCMI

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four aligns with personality disorders. Back to the ones that

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are looking at their unconscious, we have the projective test,

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the rorshach Tat sentence completion and figure drawings which offer

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insight into psychodynamics, personality assessments and formed diagnosis, treatment planning,

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and detection of lingering or defensiveness, but must be interpreted

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with attention to.

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Speaker 2: Context and culture.

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Speaker 1: Objective personality assessments structure formats with fixed response items like

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trure falls or the LIKEERD scale objectively scored one thing

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to remember objectives test provides structure, so projective methods open

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space and for the test to expect to know not

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only how these tools work.

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Speaker 2: But when to use them.

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Speaker 1: So MMPI two two RF and MMPI the Minnesota Multiphasic

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Personality Inventory is actually one of the most widely used

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personality measures. The MMPI two has five hundred and sixty

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seven items, which is another word for questions. MMPI two

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r F is three hundred and thirty eight. It's reorganized

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for stronger construct validity and reduced item overlap. The MMPIA

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adapted for anolescents that's where the A comes from. Is

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age is fourteen to eighteen. The validity scales we talked

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about three of them, validity, clinical, and content. The validity

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scales detect response style, faking or inconsistencies so L for instance,

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is social.

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Speaker 2: Desirability that take us overly.

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Speaker 1: Virtuous f is frequency, atypical or exaggerated responses, K defensiveness,

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subtle denial of problems. The VRIN or the tiin random

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or fixed responding fp fbs RBS detect malingering or symptom exaggeration.

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So you can see how they try to determine a

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lot of things, and most police departments actually administer THEMMPI.

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The clinical scales include ten core scales that include depression, paranoia, schizophrenia, hypomania.

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They interpret them using code types such as patterns of

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elevated scales two to seven, which equals anxious, depressed with

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obsessive features T scores sixty five plus is typically considered clinically.

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Elevated content scales and supplementary scales provide additional clarity like anxiety, anger,

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low self esteem, obsessions, family problems interpretation strategy. The interpretation

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strategy is checking validity scales, identify code types and critical

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scale elevations, integrate content scales and in critical interview form hypotheses,

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but not conclusion. Context always matters in these cases. Now

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we head over to the DOPI Personality Inventory revised based

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on the five factor model. I remember ocean, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness,

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and neuroticism. Each domain includes six facets. Neuroticism includes things

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like anxiety, anger, vulnerability, and they're useful for non clinical populations,

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career counseling, relationship issues, self exploration, treatment planning based on

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personality strengths and a lot of these five factor The

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five factor MALL is common on a lot of different

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sociological environments as well. We seem in a lot of

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studies because it's pretty easy. Some people can play. It's

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too reductionistic. The PAI is our next one. It's a

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personality assessment in inventory. It's about three hundred and forty

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four items with another big exam or a big assessment

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I'm sorry. Covers clinical syndromes depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia, interpersonal functioning,

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as well as treatment motivation and substances, validity scales and

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consistency and frequency, negative positive impression, and clinical utility often

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us in forensic, medical, or rehabilitation settings. For the Personality

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Assessment Inventory the easier reading level and broader focus than

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the MMPI. The next one is MCMI four, which is

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the millin clinical multi actual inventory aligned with the DSM five.

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Personality disorders focuses on clinical personality style, severe psychopathology, and

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modifying enduses, so best use in personality SOLT is suspected

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best rate scores instead of T scores. The BR is

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greater than seventy five that equals clinical significance not intended

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for use with non clinical populations. Yeah, we go to

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the sixteen PF, which is sixteen personality factor questionnaire based

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on Cattel's trade theory remember him measures. Broad personality traits

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often use in occupational, educational, and organizational settings, rarely using

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clinical diagnosis, but may help with fit to role assessments.

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Projective personality assessments unstructured tasks designed to elicit internal dynamics, conflicts,

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and motivations.

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Speaker 2: Again, these are the projective ones.

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Speaker 1: Scoring may be subjective, though systems and protocols do exist

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for some of these tests. The rorshakt ink bloc test

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clients subscribe what they see in ten ambiguous ink blots.

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Remember the famous Rorshach test. Standardized administration AT scoring emphasizes

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psychometric and integrity, normative comparisons, and response process The scales

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include things such as perceptual accuracy, thought disorder, affective regulation,

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interpersonal functioning. But the comprehensive system of the gold standard

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is xner CS. Its scores include local location determinants like

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color and movement content and special scores confabulation making things up.

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Morbid content interpretation is nuanced and best used by trained clinicians.

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In forensic or depth oriented clinical settings. The next one

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is the thematic apperception test. In the projective category, clients

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create stories about ambiguous pictures. It reveals themes and core conflicts,

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object relations and defense mechanisms commonly used in psychodynamic assessments.

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Speaker 2: No standardized scoring.

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Speaker 1: Interpretive value depends on theomatic analysis and cultural awareness. Sentence

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completion tests open ended stems by father responses, analyzed conflict areas,

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attenchment themes and coping styles useful for report building and

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hypothesis generating figure drawings draw person, house, a tree, clients

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as draw figures. Interpretation looks at symbolic omissions, distortions and

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relational representations. Often used with children, but limited ilidly and

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should be supplemented with more structured tools. So again, let's

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take a brief rundown here comparing the objective versus the

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projective tests. The format structured and fixed response is the objective,

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projective is open ended and ambiguous. Scoring is quantitative for objective,

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qualitative for projective.

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Speaker 2: Reliability for objective is strong.

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Speaker 1: Psychometric properties projective are variable and often debated. Administration time

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for objective efficient it could be twenty minutes to an hour.

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Projective could be lengthy, especially the warshact clinical use, diagnosis,

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treatment planning, and research for objective the projective tests is

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depth work, so.

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Speaker 2: Psychodynamic kind of stuff.

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Speaker 1: Personality as objective tests vulnerable to fake. Vulnerability to faking

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moderate to high. Some detect it for projective tests, oddly

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is low for unconscious content. Applications to clinical practice. Diagnosis

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and differential diagnosis is where you can m MPI or

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PAI can confirm, clarify, or rule out diagnoses. MCFI supports

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identification of personality disorders. Ruorshak may highlight thought this organization

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affect of dysregulation or trauma themes. Treatment planning high conscientious

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on the NEO likely to comply with structured treatment. High

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MMPI depression plus a low K open but disregulated client.

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Projective themes may reveal attachment wounds or defensive style. Look

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from a lingering response style analysis. Elevated f fp rbs

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are on the m MPI. Defensiveness is a high K.

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Low f on the MMPI may signal social desirability bias.

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PAI includes treatment rejection and negative impression indicators as well.

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Always check normative samples for cultural considerations. Be cautious interpreting

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them reflecting Western norms and projective content may reflect cultural

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metaphors and not actually pathology, and avoid overpathologizing nonverbal or

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indirect expressions.