Speaker 2: Welcome back today.
Speaker 1: We're gonna be looking at personality assessment methods. Objective tests
are first one. There structured score quantitatively and typically a
stronger reliability and validity. We'll also look at projective tests.
They're not as strong, but they're open ended and explore
the unconscious is what their goal is.
Speaker 2: The m m p I two m m p I
two r F m m p I a I believe
it or not.
Speaker 1: They all use validity scales for example LFK things of
that nature, clinical scales and content scales.
Speaker 2: We'll look at those a little bit more later.
Speaker 1: The n EO PI R measures the five factor model,
and the PAI blends psychopathology and treatment relevance. The MCMI
four aligns with personality disorders. Back to the ones that
are looking at their unconscious, we have the projective test,
the rorshach Tat sentence completion and figure drawings which offer
insight into psychodynamics, personality assessments and formed diagnosis, treatment planning,
and detection of lingering or defensiveness, but must be interpreted
with attention to.
Speaker 2: Context and culture.
Speaker 1: Objective personality assessments structure formats with fixed response items like
trure falls or the LIKEERD scale objectively scored one thing
to remember objectives test provides structure, so projective methods open
space and for the test to expect to know not
only how these tools work.
Speaker 2: But when to use them.
Speaker 1: So MMPI two two RF and MMPI the Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory is actually one of the most widely used
personality measures. The MMPI two has five hundred and sixty
seven items, which is another word for questions. MMPI two
r F is three hundred and thirty eight. It's reorganized
for stronger construct validity and reduced item overlap. The MMPIA
adapted for anolescents that's where the A comes from. Is
age is fourteen to eighteen. The validity scales we talked
about three of them, validity, clinical, and content. The validity
scales detect response style, faking or inconsistencies so L for instance,
is social.
Speaker 2: Desirability that take us overly.
Speaker 1: Virtuous f is frequency, atypical or exaggerated responses, K defensiveness,
subtle denial of problems. The VRIN or the tiin random
or fixed responding fp fbs RBS detect malingering or symptom exaggeration.
So you can see how they try to determine a
lot of things, and most police departments actually administer THEMMPI.
The clinical scales include ten core scales that include depression, paranoia, schizophrenia, hypomania.
They interpret them using code types such as patterns of
elevated scales two to seven, which equals anxious, depressed with
obsessive features T scores sixty five plus is typically considered clinically.
Elevated content scales and supplementary scales provide additional clarity like anxiety, anger,
low self esteem, obsessions, family problems interpretation strategy. The interpretation
strategy is checking validity scales, identify code types and critical
scale elevations, integrate content scales and in critical interview form hypotheses,
but not conclusion. Context always matters in these cases. Now
we head over to the DOPI Personality Inventory revised based
on the five factor model. I remember ocean, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness,
and neuroticism. Each domain includes six facets. Neuroticism includes things
like anxiety, anger, vulnerability, and they're useful for non clinical populations,
career counseling, relationship issues, self exploration, treatment planning based on
personality strengths and a lot of these five factor The
five factor MALL is common on a lot of different
sociological environments as well. We seem in a lot of
studies because it's pretty easy. Some people can play. It's
too reductionistic. The PAI is our next one. It's a
personality assessment in inventory. It's about three hundred and forty
four items with another big exam or a big assessment
I'm sorry. Covers clinical syndromes depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia, interpersonal functioning,
as well as treatment motivation and substances, validity scales and
consistency and frequency, negative positive impression, and clinical utility often
us in forensic, medical, or rehabilitation settings. For the Personality
Assessment Inventory the easier reading level and broader focus than
the MMPI. The next one is MCMI four, which is
the millin clinical multi actual inventory aligned with the DSM five.
Personality disorders focuses on clinical personality style, severe psychopathology, and
modifying enduses, so best use in personality SOLT is suspected
best rate scores instead of T scores. The BR is
greater than seventy five that equals clinical significance not intended
for use with non clinical populations. Yeah, we go to
the sixteen PF, which is sixteen personality factor questionnaire based
on Cattel's trade theory remember him measures. Broad personality traits
often use in occupational, educational, and organizational settings, rarely using
clinical diagnosis, but may help with fit to role assessments.
Projective personality assessments unstructured tasks designed to elicit internal dynamics, conflicts,
and motivations.
Speaker 2: Again, these are the projective ones.
Speaker 1: Scoring may be subjective, though systems and protocols do exist
for some of these tests. The rorshakt ink bloc test
clients subscribe what they see in ten ambiguous ink blots.
Remember the famous Rorshach test. Standardized administration AT scoring emphasizes
psychometric and integrity, normative comparisons, and response process The scales
include things such as perceptual accuracy, thought disorder, affective regulation,
interpersonal functioning. But the comprehensive system of the gold standard
is xner CS. Its scores include local location determinants like
color and movement content and special scores confabulation making things up.
Morbid content interpretation is nuanced and best used by trained clinicians.
In forensic or depth oriented clinical settings. The next one
is the thematic apperception test. In the projective category, clients
create stories about ambiguous pictures. It reveals themes and core conflicts,
object relations and defense mechanisms commonly used in psychodynamic assessments.
Speaker 2: No standardized scoring.
Speaker 1: Interpretive value depends on theomatic analysis and cultural awareness. Sentence
completion tests open ended stems by father responses, analyzed conflict areas,
attenchment themes and coping styles useful for report building and
hypothesis generating figure drawings draw person, house, a tree, clients
as draw figures. Interpretation looks at symbolic omissions, distortions and
relational representations. Often used with children, but limited ilidly and
should be supplemented with more structured tools. So again, let's
take a brief rundown here comparing the objective versus the
projective tests. The format structured and fixed response is the objective,
projective is open ended and ambiguous. Scoring is quantitative for objective,
qualitative for projective.
Speaker 2: Reliability for objective is strong.
Speaker 1: Psychometric properties projective are variable and often debated. Administration time
for objective efficient it could be twenty minutes to an hour.
Projective could be lengthy, especially the warshact clinical use, diagnosis,
treatment planning, and research for objective the projective tests is
depth work, so.
Speaker 2: Psychodynamic kind of stuff.
Speaker 1: Personality as objective tests vulnerable to fake. Vulnerability to faking
moderate to high. Some detect it for projective tests, oddly
is low for unconscious content. Applications to clinical practice. Diagnosis
and differential diagnosis is where you can m MPI or
PAI can confirm, clarify, or rule out diagnoses. MCFI supports
identification of personality disorders. Ruorshak may highlight thought this organization
affect of dysregulation or trauma themes. Treatment planning high conscientious
on the NEO likely to comply with structured treatment. High
MMPI depression plus a low K open but disregulated client.
Projective themes may reveal attachment wounds or defensive style. Look
from a lingering response style analysis. Elevated f fp rbs
are on the m MPI. Defensiveness is a high K.
Low f on the MMPI may signal social desirability bias.
PAI includes treatment rejection and negative impression indicators as well.
Always check normative samples for cultural considerations. Be cautious interpreting
them reflecting Western norms and projective content may reflect cultural
metaphors and not actually pathology, and avoid overpathologizing nonverbal or
indirect expressions.