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<v Speaker 1>It's time for strange science. Strange it's like weird science,

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<v Speaker 1>but strange. I referred to bonobos as a monkey. They

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<v Speaker 1>are an ape and there is a difference. But this

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<v Speaker 1>is the fun story. So a few captive bonobos seen

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<v Speaker 1>have faced this task locate this tasty little snack hidden

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<v Speaker 1>under one of three cups. It's the shell game. Because

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<v Speaker 1>they are brainiacs, they should have no problem finding the

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<v Speaker 1>sweet treat, right. But here's the wrinkle. They were relying

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<v Speaker 1>on a human being, not a member of their own species,

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<v Speaker 1>to flip over the correct cup. And what's even worse

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<v Speaker 1>is the human being sometimes didn't see where the food was,

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<v Speaker 1>so the bonobos had to somehow communicate to the human

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<v Speaker 1>being where the correct what cup was with the little

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<v Speaker 1>sweet treat underneath it. Christopher Krupenny is an evolutionary cognitive scientist. JOHNS.

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<v Speaker 1>Hopkins helped run this experiment and said the bonobos knew

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<v Speaker 1>when their partner was ignorant, and they communicated proactively to

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<v Speaker 1>make sure that their ignorant partner still made the correct choice.

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<v Speaker 1>They described the bonobos behavior in a paper that came

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<v Speaker 1>out Proceedings of the National Academy of Science as USA

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<v Speaker 1>and it says, it provides compelling evidence that apes like

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<v Speaker 1>the bonobos can infer someone's ignorance and then also act

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<v Speaker 1>to help clear up the confusion. They refer to this

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<v Speaker 1>the ability to infer someone else's mental state is referred

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<v Speaker 1>to as theory of mind, and we talk about it.

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<v Speaker 1>We humans can use it to communicate and coordinate with

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<v Speaker 1>other people, like if if I figure out that you

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<v Speaker 1>don't have the kind of information that you need, it

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<v Speaker 1>helps me. He determined when and how to share specific

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<v Speaker 1>information with you to give you that information that you

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<v Speaker 1>would need. And they have proposed that chimpanzees and bonobos

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<v Speaker 1>apes may possess theory of mind, but few of them

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<v Speaker 1>have actually figured out this idea. In a controlled experiment,

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<v Speaker 1>they took three male bonobos living at Ape Cognition and

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<v Speaker 1>Conservation Initiative, which is in Des Moines, Isle, and during

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<v Speaker 1>the experiment, one of them would sit across from one

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<v Speaker 1>of the researchers as a treat like a grape or

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<v Speaker 1>a peanut or something like that was put under one

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<v Speaker 1>of the three cups, and if he flipped over the

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<v Speaker 1>correct cup, then the bonobol would be would get the

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<v Speaker 1>reward get the little treat In some of the trials,

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<v Speaker 1>the researcher could see the treat put under the cup.

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<v Speaker 1>In others, he didn't know which cup it was put under,

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<v Speaker 1>and then he would wait ten seconds before he flipped

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<v Speaker 1>over the cup. The bonobos appeared to know when he

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<v Speaker 1>had his eye on the correct cup, and in the

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<v Speaker 1>trials where he had observed the placement, they just wigh

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<v Speaker 1>for him to flip over the right cup, But when

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<v Speaker 1>they knew that his view was blocked, they would try

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<v Speaker 1>to point towards the correct cup in an effort to

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<v Speaker 1>give him that information that he didn't already have, to

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<v Speaker 1>fill him in on what he had missed. What he

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<v Speaker 1>had missed, and the researcher said that they immediately understood

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<v Speaker 1>the game that was being played and immediately knew where

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<v Speaker 1>to point. And somewhat interestingly, they said the oldest of

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<v Speaker 1>these apes, named Kanzie, was particularly demonstrative in his gestures.

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<v Speaker 1>Would point aggressively at the cup that had the treat

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<v Speaker 1>under it. He's forty four years old now and said

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<v Speaker 1>he's always on the lookout for a tasty treat. Repeatedly

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<v Speaker 1>would point and tap to get the human's attention and

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<v Speaker 1>secure that treat. It's kind of interesting. There is a

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<v Speaker 1>heart pump that has been developed that is no larger

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<v Speaker 1>than a fountain pen, just approved by the FDA for

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<v Speaker 1>use in children. It's already been saving adults live in

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<v Speaker 1>this red of revolutionary way. Cardiologists said they don't even

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<v Speaker 1>need to open the chest cavity to install this heart pump.

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<v Speaker 1>It's called Impella five point five. The world's smallest heart

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<v Speaker 1>pump can keep a heart going during critical moments of

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<v Speaker 1>heart failure or cardiogenic shock. Twenty one year old Katrina Penny,

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<v Speaker 1>for example, born with congenital heart defects, but the transplant

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<v Speaker 1>she got when she was nineteen also failed. For five weeks,

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<v Speaker 1>she was using this artificial heart pump, again as small

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<v Speaker 1>as a fountain pen, to keep the failed heart pumping

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<v Speaker 1>while a second heart transplant was secured. She said, it

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<v Speaker 1>did save my life. It's very useful, according to one

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<v Speaker 1>of the doctors. It's very useful in the sense that

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<v Speaker 1>it can actually be implantable without cracking open the chest,

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<v Speaker 1>and they're very excited. Doctors referred to this as a

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<v Speaker 1>game changer. The pump component on the Impella only consists

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<v Speaker 1>of the very tip of this thing, so it's the

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<v Speaker 1>size of a not a fingertip, which of course makes

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<v Speaker 1>the whole thing seem pretty futuristic. And then we talked

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<v Speaker 1>I talked earlier about this whole bird flu thing and

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<v Speaker 1>price of chickens, you know, is going to be going up,

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<v Speaker 1>Eggs is already up. What do we do? Is there

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<v Speaker 1>a way to get our chicken without you know, actual chicken?

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<v Speaker 1>And here's a new development. Lab grown chicken meat is

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<v Speaker 1>now on store shelves in the UK. They said it's

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<v Speaker 1>a the world's first. They said it's an innovative product.

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<v Speaker 1>It's produced without traditional farming, without animal slaughter, obviously, and

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<v Speaker 1>they say it tastes exactly like chicken. But it's not

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<v Speaker 1>currently available. It's only a limited addition, a limited location.

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<v Speaker 1>I should say. It's called chick Bites. The product was

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<v Speaker 1>recently introduced as at a Pets at Home store in London.

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<v Speaker 1>Plant based ingredients, cultivated chicken grown in a laboratory setting.

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<v Speaker 1>Here's how they do it. They take a single egg,

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<v Speaker 1>one egg. Meatly Is, the company that's behind this thing,

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<v Speaker 1>emphasizes the health benefits of their product. It contains all

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<v Speaker 1>the essential amino acids, the fatty acids, the vitamins and

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<v Speaker 1>minerals found in traditional chicken without the environmental impact or

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<v Speaker 1>ethical concerns. One of the CEOs, or Thus CEO, said,

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<v Speaker 1>just two years ago it felt like a moonshot, and

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<v Speaker 1>said today we take off with a giant leap forward

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<v Speaker 1>toward a significant market for which meat is healthy, sustainable

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<v Speaker 1>and kind to our planet. Europe has approached this old

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<v Speaker 1>lab grown meat with some caution, but other nations have

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<v Speaker 1>shown greater enthusiasm for this. The first fully cultivated hamburger

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<v Speaker 1>was developed almost eleven years twelve years ago, and since

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<v Speaker 1>then an Israeli company is pioneered by opening multiple lab

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<v Speaker 1>to fork restaurants which sound was disgusting offering consumers. They

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<v Speaker 1>said the first hand experience of this innovative food solution, oh,

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<v Speaker 1>not ready for lab grown meats. Not ready for it,