Speaker 1: It's time for strange science. Strange it's like weird science,
Speaker 1: but strange. I referred to bonobos as a monkey. They
Speaker 1: are an ape and there is a difference. But this
Speaker 1: is the fun story. So a few captive bonobos seen
Speaker 1: have faced this task locate this tasty little snack hidden
Speaker 1: under one of three cups. It's the shell game. Because
Speaker 1: they are brainiacs, they should have no problem finding the
Speaker 1: sweet treat, right. But here's the wrinkle. They were relying
Speaker 1: on a human being, not a member of their own species,
Speaker 1: to flip over the correct cup. And what's even worse
Speaker 1: is the human being sometimes didn't see where the food was,
Speaker 1: so the bonobos had to somehow communicate to the human
Speaker 1: being where the correct what cup was with the little
Speaker 1: sweet treat underneath it. Christopher Krupenny is an evolutionary cognitive scientist. JOHNS.
Speaker 1: Hopkins helped run this experiment and said the bonobos knew
Speaker 1: when their partner was ignorant, and they communicated proactively to
Speaker 1: make sure that their ignorant partner still made the correct choice.
Speaker 1: They described the bonobos behavior in a paper that came
Speaker 1: out Proceedings of the National Academy of Science as USA
Speaker 1: and it says, it provides compelling evidence that apes like
Speaker 1: the bonobos can infer someone's ignorance and then also act
Speaker 1: to help clear up the confusion. They refer to this
Speaker 1: the ability to infer someone else's mental state is referred
Speaker 1: to as theory of mind, and we talk about it.
Speaker 1: We humans can use it to communicate and coordinate with
Speaker 1: other people, like if if I figure out that you
Speaker 1: don't have the kind of information that you need, it
Speaker 1: helps me. He determined when and how to share specific
Speaker 1: information with you to give you that information that you
Speaker 1: would need. And they have proposed that chimpanzees and bonobos
Speaker 1: apes may possess theory of mind, but few of them
Speaker 1: have actually figured out this idea. In a controlled experiment,
Speaker 1: they took three male bonobos living at Ape Cognition and
Speaker 1: Conservation Initiative, which is in Des Moines, Isle, and during
Speaker 1: the experiment, one of them would sit across from one
Speaker 1: of the researchers as a treat like a grape or
Speaker 1: a peanut or something like that was put under one
Speaker 1: of the three cups, and if he flipped over the
Speaker 1: correct cup, then the bonobol would be would get the
Speaker 1: reward get the little treat In some of the trials,
Speaker 1: the researcher could see the treat put under the cup.
Speaker 1: In others, he didn't know which cup it was put under,
Speaker 1: and then he would wait ten seconds before he flipped
Speaker 1: over the cup. The bonobos appeared to know when he
Speaker 1: had his eye on the correct cup, and in the
Speaker 1: trials where he had observed the placement, they just wigh
Speaker 1: for him to flip over the right cup, But when
Speaker 1: they knew that his view was blocked, they would try
Speaker 1: to point towards the correct cup in an effort to
Speaker 1: give him that information that he didn't already have, to
Speaker 1: fill him in on what he had missed. What he
Speaker 1: had missed, and the researcher said that they immediately understood
Speaker 1: the game that was being played and immediately knew where
Speaker 1: to point. And somewhat interestingly, they said the oldest of
Speaker 1: these apes, named Kanzie, was particularly demonstrative in his gestures.
Speaker 1: Would point aggressively at the cup that had the treat
Speaker 1: under it. He's forty four years old now and said
Speaker 1: he's always on the lookout for a tasty treat. Repeatedly
Speaker 1: would point and tap to get the human's attention and
Speaker 1: secure that treat. It's kind of interesting. There is a
Speaker 1: heart pump that has been developed that is no larger
Speaker 1: than a fountain pen, just approved by the FDA for
Speaker 1: use in children. It's already been saving adults live in
Speaker 1: this red of revolutionary way. Cardiologists said they don't even
Speaker 1: need to open the chest cavity to install this heart pump.
Speaker 1: It's called Impella five point five. The world's smallest heart
Speaker 1: pump can keep a heart going during critical moments of
Speaker 1: heart failure or cardiogenic shock. Twenty one year old Katrina Penny,
Speaker 1: for example, born with congenital heart defects, but the transplant
Speaker 1: she got when she was nineteen also failed. For five weeks,
Speaker 1: she was using this artificial heart pump, again as small
Speaker 1: as a fountain pen, to keep the failed heart pumping
Speaker 1: while a second heart transplant was secured. She said, it
Speaker 1: did save my life. It's very useful, according to one
Speaker 1: of the doctors. It's very useful in the sense that
Speaker 1: it can actually be implantable without cracking open the chest,
Speaker 1: and they're very excited. Doctors referred to this as a
Speaker 1: game changer. The pump component on the Impella only consists
Speaker 1: of the very tip of this thing, so it's the
Speaker 1: size of a not a fingertip, which of course makes
Speaker 1: the whole thing seem pretty futuristic. And then we talked
Speaker 1: I talked earlier about this whole bird flu thing and
Speaker 1: price of chickens, you know, is going to be going up,
Speaker 1: Eggs is already up. What do we do? Is there
Speaker 1: a way to get our chicken without you know, actual chicken?
Speaker 1: And here's a new development. Lab grown chicken meat is
Speaker 1: now on store shelves in the UK. They said it's
Speaker 1: a the world's first. They said it's an innovative product.
Speaker 1: It's produced without traditional farming, without animal slaughter, obviously, and
Speaker 1: they say it tastes exactly like chicken. But it's not
Speaker 1: currently available. It's only a limited addition, a limited location.
Speaker 1: I should say. It's called chick Bites. The product was
Speaker 1: recently introduced as at a Pets at Home store in London.
Speaker 1: Plant based ingredients, cultivated chicken grown in a laboratory setting.
Speaker 1: Here's how they do it. They take a single egg,
Speaker 1: one egg. Meatly Is, the company that's behind this thing,
Speaker 1: emphasizes the health benefits of their product. It contains all
Speaker 1: the essential amino acids, the fatty acids, the vitamins and
Speaker 1: minerals found in traditional chicken without the environmental impact or
Speaker 1: ethical concerns. One of the CEOs, or Thus CEO, said,
Speaker 1: just two years ago it felt like a moonshot, and
Speaker 1: said today we take off with a giant leap forward
Speaker 1: toward a significant market for which meat is healthy, sustainable
Speaker 1: and kind to our planet. Europe has approached this old
Speaker 1: lab grown meat with some caution, but other nations have
Speaker 1: shown greater enthusiasm for this. The first fully cultivated hamburger
Speaker 1: was developed almost eleven years twelve years ago, and since
Speaker 1: then an Israeli company is pioneered by opening multiple lab
Speaker 1: to fork restaurants which sound was disgusting offering consumers. They
Speaker 1: said the first hand experience of this innovative food solution, oh,
Speaker 1: not ready for lab grown meats. Not ready for it,