WEBVTT 1 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:04.440 Okay, we're love how this is William Ramsey. Welcome to 2 00:00:04.480 --> 00:00:07.519 William Ramsey Investigates on Tonight Show. Have a very special guest. 3 00:00:07.519 --> 00:00:10.720 His name is Robert L. Bryan and he has written 4 00:00:10.759 --> 00:00:14.480 a book titled Crime Staying Safe, Quick and Easy Ways 5 00:00:14.480 --> 00:00:17.679 to Avoid becoming a crime Victim. It's very interesting. I 6 00:00:17.719 --> 00:00:21.120 read through it and took a lot of notes and 7 00:00:21.199 --> 00:00:25.160 learned quite a few things about how to avoid becoming 8 00:00:25.199 --> 00:00:27.719 a victim of a crime. This is not mister Brian's 9 00:00:27.719 --> 00:00:30.679 first book. He has over twenty books, many of them 10 00:00:30.760 --> 00:00:37.159 on Amazon. There's fictional books titled Missing a Findlani New 11 00:00:37.240 --> 00:00:39.280 York City Mystery Books, so there's one of five of those. 12 00:00:39.320 --> 00:00:42.640 There's also Dark Knights, but he's also written in nonfiction. 13 00:00:43.240 --> 00:00:47.000 One of those nonfiction books is The Last Apostle, an 14 00:00:47.079 --> 00:00:50.039 unholy alliance has brought New York City to its knees. 15 00:00:51.039 --> 00:00:55.000 And then there's another one, Seacase, an Unlikely journey from 16 00:00:55.000 --> 00:00:58.600 a transit cop to Internal Affairs Bureau Squad commander from 17 00:00:58.600 --> 00:01:01.439 twenty eighteen. So maybe we can reference a few of 18 00:01:01.479 --> 00:01:03.439 those today, but we're again we're going to talk about, 19 00:01:05.159 --> 00:01:08.560 you know, staying sit avoiding becoming a victim of crimes. So, 20 00:01:08.680 --> 00:01:12.159 Robert Albern are you there? Yes, awesome, Well, thanks for 21 00:01:12.200 --> 00:01:14.200 greeing to the interview for people and may not know 22 00:01:14.239 --> 00:01:16.879 your background. Can you talk about your background and what 23 00:01:17.000 --> 00:01:19.159 led you to write this book Crime Staying Safety. 24 00:01:19.760 --> 00:01:22.239 Sure, and first of if it's a pleasure to be here, 25 00:01:22.280 --> 00:01:27.319 thanks for having me. I've spent my whole life in 26 00:01:27.359 --> 00:01:34.480 the fields of law enforcement, security, and academia. I'm a 27 00:01:34.560 --> 00:01:38.120 retired captain from the New York Sate Police Department. I 28 00:01:38.200 --> 00:01:43.640 spent twenty years on the job. Before that, my first job, 29 00:01:43.799 --> 00:01:46.040 real job in law enforcement, I was a Board of 30 00:01:46.040 --> 00:01:50.719 Patrol agent. I spent two years on the California Mexican border. 31 00:01:51.799 --> 00:01:57.040 I'm currently the chief security officer for a very high 32 00:01:57.079 --> 00:02:01.680 security New York State government facility, and I also teach. 33 00:02:01.680 --> 00:02:05.599 I'm an adjunct professor at a local Long Island. 34 00:02:05.400 --> 00:02:07.560 College where I. 35 00:02:06.840 --> 00:02:11.840 Teach courses in physical security. So I guess, coming right 36 00:02:11.879 --> 00:02:14.680 down to it. When I first started writing, one of 37 00:02:14.719 --> 00:02:20.639 the articles that I had read on subjects to write, 38 00:02:21.439 --> 00:02:25.000 and what kept coming up over and over again was 39 00:02:25.680 --> 00:02:29.960 authors should write what they know. And I just felt 40 00:02:29.960 --> 00:02:32.800 that if I was going to be writing nonfiction, a 41 00:02:32.840 --> 00:02:37.120 book like this like crime staying safe. This is an 42 00:02:37.159 --> 00:02:39.680 area that I know my whole life has been involved 43 00:02:39.719 --> 00:02:43.159 in this subject, right. 44 00:02:43.280 --> 00:02:46.199 And so you definitely have a knowledgeable background. You include 45 00:02:46.199 --> 00:02:49.319 that in there in this book. But one of the 46 00:02:49.360 --> 00:02:52.680 main questions you ask, and a lot of crime victims 47 00:02:52.680 --> 00:02:56.840 to ask, is why me? So can you elaborate on 48 00:02:56.879 --> 00:02:59.639 that concept of crime victims? 49 00:03:00.080 --> 00:03:03.319 Sure, and it's a common question and there is an 50 00:03:03.360 --> 00:03:07.439 answer to it, because the central premise of the book 51 00:03:07.719 --> 00:03:12.560 is what is it that a person does, whether they 52 00:03:12.599 --> 00:03:16.280 do it consciously or unconsciously, what is it that they 53 00:03:16.319 --> 00:03:20.800 did or didn't do that made them attractive to that 54 00:03:20.919 --> 00:03:25.080 criminal to make that criminal choose them? Because I don't 55 00:03:25.360 --> 00:03:29.000 I don't believe there's there's Again, nothing's ever one hundred percent, 56 00:03:29.000 --> 00:03:31.639 and that's one of the things about crime. There's no 57 00:03:32.520 --> 00:03:35.360 constants that are one hundred percent. But it is very 58 00:03:35.479 --> 00:03:40.560 very rare that a victim is chosen randomly. And people 59 00:03:40.639 --> 00:03:43.479 may dispute that because saying, well, the plenty of times 60 00:03:43.520 --> 00:03:47.479 the victim, there's not no the perpetrator. That's true, But 61 00:03:47.719 --> 00:03:52.599 even if it's only a few seconds of thought process, 62 00:03:52.919 --> 00:03:55.319 there are things that go on in that criminal's mind 63 00:03:55.840 --> 00:04:00.000 that made them make the selection to victimize that particular 64 00:04:00.080 --> 00:04:05.080 the person, and it's usually something characteristic about that person 65 00:04:05.680 --> 00:04:08.560 or something they did or something they didn't do, something 66 00:04:08.639 --> 00:04:12.960 they showed, something they didn't show. So again it's victimization 67 00:04:13.719 --> 00:04:18.240 is very much a too primed approach. It involves understanding 68 00:04:18.720 --> 00:04:22.560 the mindset of the criminal, but it also involves understanding 69 00:04:22.600 --> 00:04:25.040 the mindset and the actions of the victim. 70 00:04:25.480 --> 00:04:27.560 Right, So, I mean, I think that's really important is 71 00:04:27.560 --> 00:04:30.959 that it's both parties and you have a lot of 72 00:04:31.000 --> 00:04:34.199 research and background into this the different you know, the 73 00:04:34.279 --> 00:04:38.439 victim and the criminal in your book, but you know 74 00:04:38.480 --> 00:04:40.839 they talk about different things. You talk about kind of 75 00:04:40.920 --> 00:04:44.560 rational choice theory and what the criminals looking for. What 76 00:04:44.639 --> 00:04:47.120 are the criminals looking for in a victim? 77 00:04:47.839 --> 00:04:52.000 Yeah, it's it's rational. There are many many theories of 78 00:04:52.040 --> 00:04:56.040 criminal behavior. Some of them I don't and I don't 79 00:04:56.079 --> 00:04:58.040 want to say waste time, because it's never a waste, 80 00:04:58.120 --> 00:05:01.680 but there are too many theories that just go out 81 00:05:01.680 --> 00:05:04.800 of that way to blame the victim. I'm looking at 82 00:05:05.199 --> 00:05:08.199 primarily at the rational choice theory because that's what makes 83 00:05:08.240 --> 00:05:12.560 most sense to me, because when a person decides to 84 00:05:12.639 --> 00:05:17.240 commit a crime, they're making a rational choice. They're looking 85 00:05:17.279 --> 00:05:21.319 at the entire situation and they're weighing risk versus reward. 86 00:05:22.319 --> 00:05:25.519 They're saying, what's my risk if I try to break 87 00:05:25.560 --> 00:05:28.160 into this home? If I try to rob this person? 88 00:05:28.720 --> 00:05:31.480 What is my risk? What's my chances of getting away 89 00:05:31.519 --> 00:05:35.600 with it? And also what's the reward? Is there something 90 00:05:35.639 --> 00:05:38.240 that I can see or I feel is going to 91 00:05:38.319 --> 00:05:41.240 be worth my while? Is there do I know that 92 00:05:41.319 --> 00:05:44.279 this person has money? Do I know that there's an 93 00:05:44.399 --> 00:05:48.560 expensive car that I can get, there's expensive jewelry in 94 00:05:48.639 --> 00:05:53.199 the home, or the person's carrying some expensive items on them. 95 00:05:53.439 --> 00:05:57.600 These are all things that the criminal weighs before making 96 00:05:57.680 --> 00:05:59.519 that rational choice. 97 00:05:59.759 --> 00:06:05.079 Right, So they're definitely thinking. So the criminal is of 98 00:06:05.120 --> 00:06:08.800 weighing all of these probabilities before whatever crime. It could 99 00:06:08.800 --> 00:06:14.839 be burglary, rape, anything, and that's really your targeting probability. 100 00:06:14.959 --> 00:06:18.839 So how does the victim come out on top in 101 00:06:18.879 --> 00:06:22.319 the situations where this person is thinking about committing a crime. 102 00:06:22.879 --> 00:06:25.759 If we're talking about the because I break down the 103 00:06:25.800 --> 00:06:29.560 book into basically two main categories, the place and the person. 104 00:06:30.040 --> 00:06:32.759 And with the place, I mean we could you could 105 00:06:32.800 --> 00:06:35.120 really go on and write book after book after book 106 00:06:35.160 --> 00:06:39.040 on different types of environments and places. I focus heavily 107 00:06:39.120 --> 00:06:44.279 on residential home and the crime of burglary, and it's 108 00:06:44.600 --> 00:06:49.920 with the place like that, it's a matter of hardening targets, 109 00:06:50.480 --> 00:06:54.800 understanding where your vulnerabilities might lie, and trying to decrease 110 00:06:54.839 --> 00:06:59.879 those vulnerabilities. There's a concept that runs throughout crime prevention, 111 00:07:00.120 --> 00:07:04.399 especially when we're talking about issues like burglary septet crime 112 00:07:04.480 --> 00:07:09.240 prevention through environmental design, where how the built environment can 113 00:07:09.319 --> 00:07:15.040 either increase or decrease the chances of having a crime occur. 114 00:07:16.279 --> 00:07:20.560 Things like is the UH is the area or the 115 00:07:20.639 --> 00:07:25.360 home is there maximum visibility? Or maybe there's all kinds 116 00:07:25.439 --> 00:07:29.639 of tree, shrubbery bushes that would make it easy for 117 00:07:29.839 --> 00:07:33.680 a criminal or burglar to hide themselves while they're trying 118 00:07:33.720 --> 00:07:38.240 to break in UH. Again, it's how the how the 119 00:07:38.240 --> 00:07:42.480 the the physical environment appeals or doesn't appeal to a 120 00:07:42.519 --> 00:07:45.680 criminal goes into that rational choice. 121 00:07:46.120 --> 00:07:50.439 Right, So you can definitely take steps to minimize burglar reaes. 122 00:07:50.639 --> 00:07:53.600 And also there was it was interesting something I learned 123 00:07:53.600 --> 00:07:58.199 about this is there was research into how a predator 124 00:07:58.319 --> 00:08:01.040 or a criminal selects victims and there's certain things you 125 00:08:01.079 --> 00:08:06.000 can do to minimize your risk. Even walking down the street. 126 00:08:06.040 --> 00:08:06.519 Is that correct? 127 00:08:06.959 --> 00:08:07.480 That's correct. 128 00:08:07.519 --> 00:08:09.519 It was a very I found it a very interesting 129 00:08:09.600 --> 00:08:11.800 study done a good number of years ago in New 130 00:08:11.879 --> 00:08:15.800 York City where there was and it was a big study. 131 00:08:15.839 --> 00:08:19.240 I think there was over one hundred people who were 132 00:08:19.279 --> 00:08:21.199 a survey. And I say people because you have to 133 00:08:21.199 --> 00:08:23.480 look at the experts in the field, and it may 134 00:08:23.519 --> 00:08:27.040 seem weird, but the experts in victimology are the criminals. 135 00:08:27.040 --> 00:08:33.519 The people are selecting victims, and the researchers studied the 136 00:08:33.600 --> 00:08:37.639 responses of criminal, violent criminals, by the way, too, people 137 00:08:37.679 --> 00:08:42.159 have committed robberies, rapes, assaults. And they showed them videos 138 00:08:42.519 --> 00:08:48.480 of people just walking down Manhattan streets, and what they found, 139 00:08:48.600 --> 00:08:53.519 they were very fascinated by that. It wasn't their choices. 140 00:08:53.559 --> 00:08:55.240 They were asking them, by the way, I'm leaning this out, 141 00:08:55.320 --> 00:08:58.639 asking them point out people who you might be prone 142 00:08:58.679 --> 00:09:00.720 to say that's a person going to look at as 143 00:09:00.759 --> 00:09:03.240 a victim, just from seeing them walking in the video. 144 00:09:03.840 --> 00:09:07.960 And they found that the choices were very consistent and 145 00:09:08.000 --> 00:09:13.759 it wasn't based on gender, age, race. It was based 146 00:09:13.840 --> 00:09:17.879 on things like you know what did how was the 147 00:09:17.960 --> 00:09:21.320 person walking was the person walking with a very kind 148 00:09:21.360 --> 00:09:25.279 of a weird gate about them. Did they look to 149 00:09:25.320 --> 00:09:29.960 be exploitable? Were they were they walking like they didn't 150 00:09:30.000 --> 00:09:32.080 know that where they knew where they were going, that 151 00:09:32.120 --> 00:09:35.840 they didn't look athletic, they didn't look they weren't walking 152 00:09:35.879 --> 00:09:39.399 with their shoulders back, they were shuffling their feet, they 153 00:09:39.440 --> 00:09:43.519 were you know it just there's a term called exploitability. 154 00:09:43.960 --> 00:09:48.080 People that walk kind of in a very timid fashion, 155 00:09:49.240 --> 00:09:52.519 looks like they're not aware of their surroundings. They appear 156 00:09:52.600 --> 00:09:56.200 to be more exploitable as opposed to someone who's walking 157 00:09:56.279 --> 00:10:02.399 at a fast a steady shoulders back, you know, walking 158 00:10:02.440 --> 00:10:05.879 the walklets say, making it look like they're very confident 159 00:10:05.960 --> 00:10:07.679 in what they're doing and where they're going. 160 00:10:08.279 --> 00:10:10.840 Yeah, I found that very interesting. So the criminals were 161 00:10:11.600 --> 00:10:15.879 taking nonverbal cues or signals from each person and they 162 00:10:16.000 --> 00:10:20.320 just like it was almost like likening it to the serengetti, 163 00:10:20.399 --> 00:10:23.720 where you know, they're looking for the weakest member of 164 00:10:23.799 --> 00:10:27.399 whatever heard that is like the slowest, most distracted. So 165 00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:30.799 I think that's a warning to everybody, particularly as things 166 00:10:30.879 --> 00:10:33.559 become more the streets are getting mean or meaner, particularly 167 00:10:33.559 --> 00:10:36.840 in New York City. It's something to think about. And also, 168 00:10:37.600 --> 00:10:40.600 like the submissiveness is something that they keyed into as well. 169 00:10:40.679 --> 00:10:45.279 Right, yeah, it again it comes out if a person 170 00:10:45.799 --> 00:10:47.639 who now there's now again there's a fine line to 171 00:10:47.679 --> 00:10:52.519 be drawn here because if somebody has a gunpointed to 172 00:10:52.679 --> 00:10:55.960 their their head and they're being demanded that they candle 173 00:10:55.960 --> 00:10:59.000 over the wallet, usually the best choice is going to 174 00:10:59.000 --> 00:11:01.639 be to submit to that and turn over that property 175 00:11:01.960 --> 00:11:05.240 and then get out of there. But again, but when 176 00:11:05.320 --> 00:11:09.799 making that choice, somebody who they're see, the criminal is 177 00:11:09.919 --> 00:11:13.279 making that decision of saying who they think they can 178 00:11:13.399 --> 00:11:17.799 best control, who they think will submit easily to them, 179 00:11:18.120 --> 00:11:21.840 and based on these physical characteristics, they're making that choice 180 00:11:21.879 --> 00:11:25.320 because just like we said, how the the lion or 181 00:11:25.360 --> 00:11:28.519 whatever wild animal or predator is going to pick the 182 00:11:28.519 --> 00:11:31.480 weakest or the slowest in the herd. The criminal is 183 00:11:31.519 --> 00:11:34.240 not looking for the toughest time. They're not looking for 184 00:11:34.279 --> 00:11:37.200 the who will give me the best battle. They're looking 185 00:11:37.240 --> 00:11:39.679 for the easiest way for the best reward. 186 00:11:40.440 --> 00:11:42.960 Right. And I think that's kind of like goes back 187 00:11:43.000 --> 00:11:46.679 to your targeting. You know, your your rational choice theory 188 00:11:46.799 --> 00:11:49.320 is like, well, who's this person vulnerable or what's the risk? 189 00:11:51.799 --> 00:11:54.159 And I mean you also kind of go into not 190 00:11:54.360 --> 00:11:57.360 just the individual, but the situation. You talk about a 191 00:11:57.399 --> 00:11:59.919 lot of residential burglaries, but also what to do kind 192 00:11:59.960 --> 00:12:04.480 of and large scale events or situations that may not 193 00:12:04.600 --> 00:12:07.120 be ordinary. Can you talk about how to minimize risk 194 00:12:07.200 --> 00:12:09.519 in those environments that A. 195 00:12:09.440 --> 00:12:12.559 Lot of that comes down to this term situational awareness, 196 00:12:12.600 --> 00:12:16.360 which is a very fancy term for just understanding and 197 00:12:16.440 --> 00:12:18.960 knowing what's going on around you and when you're going. 198 00:12:19.240 --> 00:12:22.480 It can be difficult when you're going to a one 199 00:12:22.519 --> 00:12:25.519 off type of event, you're going to a concert, you're 200 00:12:25.559 --> 00:12:29.279 going to a stadium, a sporting event, you're going to 201 00:12:29.399 --> 00:12:32.799 some gathering where you've never been before and you don't 202 00:12:32.840 --> 00:12:36.639 plan on being back there again. It can be difficult, 203 00:12:36.960 --> 00:12:41.559 but again it's important that you do things like recognize 204 00:12:41.559 --> 00:12:45.399 first how many people do you understand are supposed to 205 00:12:45.399 --> 00:12:49.559 be at this event? Have you checked out social media 206 00:12:49.720 --> 00:12:54.200 beforehand to see is there any buzz about protest taking place? 207 00:12:54.879 --> 00:12:58.000 Anything like that? Out of the ordinary you are you 208 00:12:58.120 --> 00:13:02.240 able to get and check out online the layout of 209 00:13:02.279 --> 00:13:07.440 the location, or once you get there, are you identifying 210 00:13:08.039 --> 00:13:11.159 where you are, where are your potential exits? Anytime you 211 00:13:11.240 --> 00:13:14.879 go someplace, you should always identify from where you're standing 212 00:13:14.960 --> 00:13:18.000 or where you're sitting you should identify the nearest exit 213 00:13:18.320 --> 00:13:20.240 and then the next one. You should always have this 214 00:13:20.360 --> 00:13:23.120 mindset of saying, Okay, I'm in my seat. If something 215 00:13:23.240 --> 00:13:25.200 happened right now and I had to get out of 216 00:13:25.240 --> 00:13:28.279 here quickly, I would go over there to the left, 217 00:13:28.320 --> 00:13:30.600 And if there was I was unable to get to there, 218 00:13:31.080 --> 00:13:32.919 I know I would go to the right to that 219 00:13:33.000 --> 00:13:35.799 exit I see over there. That should be something that's 220 00:13:35.919 --> 00:13:40.080 thought out before the crisis happens and you're trying to 221 00:13:40.639 --> 00:13:44.039 make this decision out of the blue. 222 00:13:44.600 --> 00:13:46.799 Right, And I mean you think you look back at 223 00:13:46.799 --> 00:13:49.200 some of these events, whether it's kind of like the 224 00:13:49.279 --> 00:13:53.360 terrorist attacks in Paris or the shootings in Las Vegas, 225 00:13:53.399 --> 00:13:55.559 like some of the people the situation, they just had 226 00:13:55.639 --> 00:13:58.080 zero situational awareness. They were not prepped and not in 227 00:13:58.120 --> 00:14:02.759 the right mind space to you know, effectively respond to 228 00:14:03.480 --> 00:14:07.200 those situations. And uh so knowing those things out, I 229 00:14:07.200 --> 00:14:11.120 mean you also talk about kinesics. Can you tell you know, 230 00:14:11.120 --> 00:14:14.159 you talk about the marine combat profilers use on battlefield. 231 00:14:14.159 --> 00:14:16.159 I think that's important in some ways just to think 232 00:14:16.159 --> 00:14:18.200 about when you expound on that. 233 00:14:19.279 --> 00:14:23.919 Yeah, there's again, there's there's there's like the this is 234 00:14:24.000 --> 00:14:27.360 kind of like the study of uh, you know, the 235 00:14:27.360 --> 00:14:32.200 physical relationships between people. I'm not talking about uh you know, 236 00:14:32.279 --> 00:14:34.399 whether a person is a friend or a close friend 237 00:14:34.480 --> 00:14:38.000 or a relative, But it's talking about the uh you know, 238 00:14:38.039 --> 00:14:42.320 the relationship of one person to another physically, how close 239 00:14:42.360 --> 00:14:46.039 a person is, what type of physical actions a person 240 00:14:46.159 --> 00:14:51.360 is taking. It's it can tell a lot when you know, 241 00:14:51.799 --> 00:14:54.960 when you were able to recognize something that might be 242 00:14:55.200 --> 00:14:59.799 out of the ordinary based on that person's proximity to 243 00:15:00.279 --> 00:15:04.720 you or other people, and or based on the specific 244 00:15:04.879 --> 00:15:09.399 actions that a person might be taken. Again, it's it's 245 00:15:09.440 --> 00:15:13.200 all comes down to being aware of of what's going 246 00:15:13.240 --> 00:15:14.240 on around. 247 00:15:13.879 --> 00:15:17.480 You, right. And you also kind of also talk about 248 00:15:17.639 --> 00:15:20.240 and I think that this is a recent potential now 249 00:15:20.279 --> 00:15:22.320 that what's kind of happening in the world is that 250 00:15:23.120 --> 00:15:27.120 we have to recognize situations where there could be terrorism. 251 00:15:27.159 --> 00:15:31.320 Can you explain what your approach is if somebody's in 252 00:15:31.360 --> 00:15:31.960 that situation? 253 00:15:33.840 --> 00:15:39.039 Well, you're right. Unfortunately, it is a fact of life 254 00:15:39.240 --> 00:15:42.519 that you have to be aware that you know, not 255 00:15:42.559 --> 00:15:44.720 only do you have to be aware that you could 256 00:15:44.720 --> 00:15:49.559 be victimized by one single gunman who wants your wallet, 257 00:15:49.639 --> 00:15:52.559 but you could be victimized by somebody who's looking to 258 00:15:54.080 --> 00:15:57.440 you know, kill or name as many people as possible. 259 00:15:57.720 --> 00:16:02.080 And that's why again it's a special important in a 260 00:16:02.120 --> 00:16:06.519 crowd setting that you understand where you are and you're 261 00:16:06.559 --> 00:16:10.679 looking for any anomalies taking place, because just having a 262 00:16:10.720 --> 00:16:15.480 couple of seconds of warning before everybody else does might 263 00:16:15.519 --> 00:16:19.559 be the difference between life and death. And again, knowing 264 00:16:19.600 --> 00:16:22.039 the layout, knowing the exits and look, see there's a 265 00:16:22.440 --> 00:16:28.240 there's a baseline for behavior in any environment. Uh, if 266 00:16:28.279 --> 00:16:31.120 you're in some type of a restaurant, you know, the 267 00:16:31.159 --> 00:16:33.679 baseline is normally going to be people who are just 268 00:16:33.840 --> 00:16:39.320 quietly sitting, eating, drinking, having quiet conversations. If you're at 269 00:16:39.360 --> 00:16:43.519 a rock concert, the baseline's a little different. There's loud music, 270 00:16:43.600 --> 00:16:48.679 there's screaming, there's shouting. But if you're at that restaurant 271 00:16:48.799 --> 00:16:52.360 and they're screaming and shouting, that's an anomaly, that's that's 272 00:16:52.519 --> 00:16:56.200 not the baseline for normal behavior in that location. So 273 00:16:56.440 --> 00:17:01.320 understanding what the baseline is for your location, for your environment, 274 00:17:01.639 --> 00:17:06.640 and reacting to situations that go against that baseline of 275 00:17:06.680 --> 00:17:10.200 normal behavior and at least preparing yourself for some type 276 00:17:10.200 --> 00:17:13.319 of an action, whether it's fleeing or whether it's fighting 277 00:17:13.400 --> 00:17:18.519 or whether it's hiding, is could be crucial, right, And. 278 00:17:18.480 --> 00:17:21.680 I think you mentioned a Carnegie Mellon study that said 279 00:17:21.680 --> 00:17:24.599 the more threat is expected, the more likely it is 280 00:17:24.640 --> 00:17:27.680 to be detected. So if you're expecting it, you can 281 00:17:27.680 --> 00:17:32.880 detect it. What I mean you also kind of address 282 00:17:33.119 --> 00:17:37.559 trying to avoid revictimizations, so not just in a burglary, 283 00:17:37.640 --> 00:17:41.359 but an individual setting. What are your tips on avoiding 284 00:17:41.960 --> 00:17:44.160 or if somebody experiences a crime, what to do next? 285 00:17:45.920 --> 00:17:49.480 Well, if you mean to avoid it again. 286 00:17:49.359 --> 00:17:56.160 Or I mean I think let's see it's yeah. 287 00:17:54.839 --> 00:17:59.160 Yeah, Well that gets into understanding learning from mistakes or 288 00:17:59.240 --> 00:18:02.519 learning from even if it's not necessarily a mistake, learning 289 00:18:02.559 --> 00:18:06.480 from what happened, if if it's if it's act, if 290 00:18:06.480 --> 00:18:10.680 you're victimized from your location, let's say your house was burglarized, 291 00:18:10.920 --> 00:18:13.319 well then you know And that's something important too, because 292 00:18:13.359 --> 00:18:17.200 studies have shown that just because you're burglarized once, it 293 00:18:17.240 --> 00:18:20.079 doesn't mean you're off the hook. There's actually more chance 294 00:18:20.599 --> 00:18:23.400 that you're going to be burglarized again once you're burglarized 295 00:18:23.440 --> 00:18:27.559 the first time. So understanding that if it was because 296 00:18:27.640 --> 00:18:30.359 of the fact that that person got in through a 297 00:18:30.400 --> 00:18:33.640 weak lock, Well, you got to harden that that environment. 298 00:18:33.680 --> 00:18:35.920 You got to get a better lock. If if they 299 00:18:36.000 --> 00:18:40.000 got in because they were you were away for a 300 00:18:40.039 --> 00:18:42.960 week and you're mail built up there and it showed 301 00:18:43.000 --> 00:18:45.440 them there was nobody home, then you got to make 302 00:18:45.480 --> 00:18:48.640 sure that you're showing those signs. You're not showing signs 303 00:18:49.200 --> 00:18:51.839 of that of that home not being occupied for an 304 00:18:51.839 --> 00:18:55.640 extended period of time. You know what whatever contributed and 305 00:18:55.799 --> 00:19:00.079 whatever you think contributed to that crime, whether it be 306 00:19:00.200 --> 00:19:03.759 physical or whether it be something you didn't do, you 307 00:19:03.839 --> 00:19:04.119 got to. 308 00:19:04.119 --> 00:19:08.240 Correct that, right and you actually like to avoid Burley. 309 00:19:08.240 --> 00:19:12.279 Do you kind of have some advice on kind of 310 00:19:12.279 --> 00:19:14.000 almost playing the burglar? Right? 311 00:19:15.200 --> 00:19:17.279 Yeah, you should go around and look and see. Okay, 312 00:19:17.279 --> 00:19:19.559 if I if I was looking to get in here 313 00:19:19.640 --> 00:19:22.319 right now and I couldn't help how it would be 314 00:19:22.319 --> 00:19:24.920 my best way to get in without being detected. Do 315 00:19:25.079 --> 00:19:28.200 I you know, if I go into my if there's 316 00:19:28.240 --> 00:19:31.400 a side entrance to a gate next to my house 317 00:19:31.839 --> 00:19:34.640 and I go into the backyard, do I have a 318 00:19:34.680 --> 00:19:37.799 fence up right now? That's that's you can't see through 319 00:19:37.880 --> 00:19:40.640 and nobody could see me from the street. Would I 320 00:19:40.680 --> 00:19:43.200 be able to work on this window or this door 321 00:19:43.240 --> 00:19:45.839 where none of my neighbors could see, nobody from the 322 00:19:45.839 --> 00:19:49.000 street could see. Or basically unless unless somebody came out 323 00:19:49.039 --> 00:19:51.720 of my house and looked at that specific spot, no 324 00:19:51.799 --> 00:19:54.200 one would notice me. Or you know, do I have 325 00:19:54.359 --> 00:19:57.440 lighting that's good? Do I have Do I have fields 326 00:19:57.440 --> 00:20:01.319 of natural surveillance that that some who would be trying 327 00:20:01.359 --> 00:20:04.400 to get through a back door or a window, if 328 00:20:04.400 --> 00:20:06.319 they were going to be there for five to ten minutes, 329 00:20:06.640 --> 00:20:09.920 they'd be open to anybody that happened to be passing by. 330 00:20:10.519 --> 00:20:12.960 Or do I have too many shrubs or bushes or 331 00:20:13.000 --> 00:20:15.599 trees that would block their deir view? Again? Do I 332 00:20:15.680 --> 00:20:18.359 have am I able to push through to push through 333 00:20:18.400 --> 00:20:21.759 a crumy lock that I have on my door myself? 334 00:20:21.839 --> 00:20:27.160 Again understanding you know, basically doing your own security survey 335 00:20:27.640 --> 00:20:30.400 in LUA where I should point this out too. Many 336 00:20:31.000 --> 00:20:35.519 many police departments throughout the country have programs crime prevention 337 00:20:35.640 --> 00:20:39.839 programs where individuals can contact a crime prevention officer or 338 00:20:39.839 --> 00:20:42.880 a crime prevention unit and they will send an officer 339 00:20:42.920 --> 00:20:45.759 there that actually will do this survey, this type of 340 00:20:45.759 --> 00:20:49.119 survey to show you where your vulnerabilities lie. 341 00:20:50.119 --> 00:20:52.000 Wow, I didn't know that, And like, do you talk 342 00:20:52.039 --> 00:20:54.160 about like all kinds of things you can do to 343 00:20:55.519 --> 00:20:58.240 become less vulnerable. You kind of say, like women could 344 00:20:58.279 --> 00:21:01.000 get a dog. One of the interesting thing was like 345 00:21:01.000 --> 00:21:03.079 one of the criminals said if he saw a pair 346 00:21:03.079 --> 00:21:06.279 of construction boots outside of a house, he would just 347 00:21:06.359 --> 00:21:08.359 keep going if he was a record rapist. So like 348 00:21:08.440 --> 00:21:12.039 any woman should just put a size thirteen pair of 349 00:21:12.079 --> 00:21:14.240 shoes in front of their in front of their door, 350 00:21:14.319 --> 00:21:16.799 just to leave it there. I thought that was interesting. 351 00:21:17.039 --> 00:21:20.559 Yeah, I mean anything that that that's giving anything that 352 00:21:20.680 --> 00:21:24.559 is giving a signal that there may be occupancy. And 353 00:21:24.599 --> 00:21:27.359 in this case, if they're if they're showing that, you know, 354 00:21:27.559 --> 00:21:29.640 I mean you could go crazy with this hang boxing 355 00:21:29.640 --> 00:21:32.920 gloves outside or something. Uh you know, but but uh, 356 00:21:33.519 --> 00:21:37.759 you know the idea of showing occupancy, whether it be 357 00:21:37.920 --> 00:21:40.279 with boots like that, or whether it be with some 358 00:21:40.319 --> 00:21:42.960 type of timer for lights going on and off or 359 00:21:43.000 --> 00:21:46.119 the timer for the TV going on and so that 360 00:21:46.160 --> 00:21:49.079 there's noise coming from inside, because that again, that gets 361 00:21:49.119 --> 00:21:53.279 back to the rational choice. A burglar doesn't want to 362 00:21:53.640 --> 00:21:56.799 incal burglar. If somebody's looking to attack somebody, that's a 363 00:21:56.799 --> 00:22:01.359 different story. But a burglar is not to find someone 364 00:22:01.440 --> 00:22:03.920 in there that's a the terrent if they think that 365 00:22:04.319 --> 00:22:06.039 somebody is actually in the. 366 00:22:06.000 --> 00:22:10.079 Residence, right, and you actually advocate for being like one 367 00:22:10.160 --> 00:22:11.799 room in the house or the place to be kind 368 00:22:11.839 --> 00:22:15.240 of a safe safe room, like just in case, right. 369 00:22:15.519 --> 00:22:18.039 Yeah, that there's there's actually I mean there's there's a 370 00:22:18.160 --> 00:22:21.160 formal science behind that, and unfortunately a lot of people 371 00:22:21.960 --> 00:22:23.799 wouldn't have the means. I mean, if you have a 372 00:22:24.759 --> 00:22:28.960 large house that's uh, you know, almost considered like a mansion, 373 00:22:29.400 --> 00:22:33.000 I mean, you could actually devote a room. And there's 374 00:22:33.079 --> 00:22:35.319 some of them on some of these homes are designed 375 00:22:35.799 --> 00:22:38.319 that all right, here's your here's your three or four 376 00:22:38.400 --> 00:22:40.720 or five bedrooms, here's your living room, and by the way, 377 00:22:40.799 --> 00:22:44.559 here's your safe room. This is this is exclusively designed 378 00:22:44.559 --> 00:22:46.880 for that where if someone was in your house, you 379 00:22:47.039 --> 00:22:50.000 running here and you lock that door and you're safe 380 00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:53.160 in there. But unless you have the means for something 381 00:22:53.240 --> 00:22:57.000 like that, again, knowing that you know you have some 382 00:22:57.240 --> 00:23:00.440 place in your house that would probably be the best 383 00:23:00.519 --> 00:23:05.079 place for you to secure yourself. Or again, just like 384 00:23:05.160 --> 00:23:09.119 at the event, if you know that someone is coming 385 00:23:09.119 --> 00:23:12.559 in through your side window, that you know the best 386 00:23:12.559 --> 00:23:14.599 thing for you is to go out the front door 387 00:23:14.680 --> 00:23:17.079 or the back door, you know, knowing where you're gonna 388 00:23:17.119 --> 00:23:20.400 go in in the event that that that that situation 389 00:23:20.519 --> 00:23:21.279 presents itself. 390 00:23:22.160 --> 00:23:27.720 Yeah, it's almost like the the more vulnerable victims aren't 391 00:23:27.720 --> 00:23:31.480 aware and they're not like prepped to move into action. 392 00:23:31.559 --> 00:23:34.480 It seems like that's a common theme in all of 393 00:23:34.519 --> 00:23:37.359 those and all whether it's a burglary or rape. Like 394 00:23:37.400 --> 00:23:39.559 I think he wrote that even some women who have 395 00:23:39.599 --> 00:23:43.559 a tendency or who I think it was the the 396 00:23:43.599 --> 00:23:46.880 stats where the woman couldn't or the women who were 397 00:23:46.960 --> 00:23:51.640 raped did not respond to nonverbal communication as the ones 398 00:23:51.640 --> 00:23:55.200 who who weren't so like they didn't pick up on cues. 399 00:23:55.759 --> 00:23:57.920 Correct and and you know, and again and some of 400 00:23:57.960 --> 00:24:01.200 these things, you know, be very difficult practice on. But 401 00:24:01.240 --> 00:24:03.680