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<v Speaker 1>This is Gary and Shannon, and you're listening to KFI

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<v Speaker 1>AM six forty, the Gary and Shannon Show on demand

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<v Speaker 1>on the iHeartRadio app.

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<v Speaker 2>In the break, I was listening to President Trump holding

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<v Speaker 2>I guess you'd say an Oval Office news conference. He

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<v Speaker 2>he's still got a giant poster next to him with

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<v Speaker 2>the Southern United States and the Gulf of America printed

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<v Speaker 2>on the golf Anyway, I don't know why that's still there,

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<v Speaker 2>other than he's very proud of that move. He did

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<v Speaker 2>double down on the push for more balanced trade. He

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<v Speaker 2>ordered today that agencies should investigate plans for new reciprocal

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<v Speaker 2>tariffs that could boost America's revenue.

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<v Speaker 3>There is a chance it could ignite.

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<v Speaker 2>A global trade war, of course, but stocks went up

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<v Speaker 2>after the announcement. Traders brushed off the two hotter than

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<v Speaker 2>expected inflation reports, and in fact, we have seen the

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<v Speaker 2>Dow Jones Industrial Average jump significantly since the announcement. The

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<v Speaker 2>Dow is up three hundred and fifty point points right now,

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<v Speaker 2>both the NASDAC and the S and P five hundred

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<v Speaker 2>are up just about a percentage point. As this All

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<v Speaker 2>of this is being played into the trading reciprocal tariffs

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<v Speaker 2>was one of the things that Trump talked about during

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<v Speaker 2>the campaign. He wants to even the score with these

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<v Speaker 2>foreign nations that would place taxes on American goods and

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<v Speaker 2>solve what he says are unfair trade practices. They're not

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<v Speaker 2>in effect yet, and as we saw with what happened

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<v Speaker 2>Mexico and Canada and the tariffs that were threatened with

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<v Speaker 2>those countries.

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<v Speaker 3>This is a negotiating tactic.

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<v Speaker 2>This is the first salvo and we'll see how it

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<v Speaker 2>goes before they do get put into place. So that

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<v Speaker 2>question answer session still going on right now in the

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<v Speaker 2>Oval Office.

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<v Speaker 3>What else is going on? Time for what's happening?

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<v Speaker 2>I mentioned earlier, just about every corner of the state

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<v Speaker 2>of California is getting rain today because of the storm

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<v Speaker 2>that is moving in here in La County, San Bernardino

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<v Speaker 2>river side, Orange County, San Diego County. We're expecting the

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<v Speaker 2>hardest rains to come in later this afternoon into this evening.

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<v Speaker 2>National Weather Service had a pretty wide window when we

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<v Speaker 2>first got up this morning, they said somewhere between two

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<v Speaker 2>and ten. Now they're saying they've closed that window just

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<v Speaker 2>a little bit and just said that between four and

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<v Speaker 2>nine o'clock in La County. That's when we expect to

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<v Speaker 2>see the heaviest rains come down. There are evacuation warnings

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<v Speaker 2>in all of the burn areas that we've seen, not

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<v Speaker 2>just in the last couple of weeks, but burn areas

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<v Speaker 2>that go back as far as two years in some cases,

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<v Speaker 2>because the potential for this rain to come down that fast,

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<v Speaker 2>that heavy. So this is going to be a pretty touchy,

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<v Speaker 2>touchy afternoon. Speaking of the fires, a report in the

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<v Speaker 2>La Times indicates that they may have been so cal

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<v Speaker 2>Edison's attempt to cut off power that started the Eaton fire.

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<v Speaker 3>Now, Edison had been warned.

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<v Speaker 2>They'd been warned years ago about the risk that a

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<v Speaker 2>power shutdown would actually overload other transmission lines and then

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<v Speaker 2>cause potentially dangerous overheating and sparks. According to public records,

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<v Speaker 2>fixes that some experts would have said mitigated the fire

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<v Speaker 2>risk were repeatedly delayed. The record show the scheduled work

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<v Speaker 2>was never completed. Of course, the Eaton fire began January seventh,

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<v Speaker 2>and at this point Edison has not taken responsibility for it.

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<v Speaker 2>They say they're still doing investigation to figure out if

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<v Speaker 2>their power lines were responsible for sparking the fire, but

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<v Speaker 2>it did spark near an area that does have Edison

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<v Speaker 2>transmission lines. Ours is not the only bad weather. A

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<v Speaker 2>winter storm has left tornado damage along the Gulf Coast,

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<v Speaker 2>piles of snow and the planes in the Midwest, residents

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<v Speaker 2>now preparing for a new storm moving in through the weekend.

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<v Speaker 2>The latest storm dropped about eleven inches of snow in Iowa,

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<v Speaker 2>ten inches in Illinois, another seven and a half inches

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<v Speaker 2>in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Down on the southern end of the storm,

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<v Speaker 2>at least two tornadoes reported in all Obama and Mississippi,

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<v Speaker 2>and they saw gusts nearing about sixty miles an hour.

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<v Speaker 3>We saw the F eighteen, it was an eaaighteaen.

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<v Speaker 2>But the F eighteen that went down in near San

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<v Speaker 2>Diego yesterday, two crew members are fine. An aircraft carrier

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<v Speaker 2>was involved in a collision with a cargo ship last night.

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<v Speaker 2>This one is back in the Mediterranean, but the USS

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<v Speaker 2>Harry Truman collided with a merchant vessel in the Mediterranean.

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<v Speaker 2>See no reports of any injuries to any Navy personnel.

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<v Speaker 2>The carrier was never really in danger, but they said

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<v Speaker 2>it collided with the Besictas M just before midnight off

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<v Speaker 2>the coast of Port said no reports of flooding or

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<v Speaker 2>injuries on the USS Truman. The Navy said the ship's

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<v Speaker 2>propulsion plants, some of which are nuclear, they said they're safe,

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<v Speaker 2>They're in a stable condition. They still don't know what

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<v Speaker 2>caused it. They don't know the circumstances of the collision,

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<v Speaker 2>who might have been at fault in all of that.

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<v Speaker 2>We talked at the beginning about ten tariffs right the

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<v Speaker 2>beginning of this break about what's going on with Terraffs

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<v Speaker 2>and the Brewers Association, a trade group that represents small

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<v Speaker 2>breweries in California, is warning that the twenty five percent

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<v Speaker 2>tariff that Trump is imposing on steel and aluminum imports

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<v Speaker 2>could hit the craft brewery industry. Brewers need steel for

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<v Speaker 2>their equipment. Obviously, the giant brewing tanks are steel. They

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<v Speaker 2>also need the aluminum for their cans, and a lot

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<v Speaker 2>of these smaller breweries don't have very big profit margins.

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<v Speaker 2>According to this trade group, the Brewers Association, they're going

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<v Speaker 2>to get a direct hit from these tariffs and many

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<v Speaker 2>of them might not stay in business because they simply can't.

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<v Speaker 2>First of all, the pandemic caused a lot of them

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<v Speaker 2>to close, and those that survived ran into supply chain issues.

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<v Speaker 2>They weren't able to get the gear that they needed,

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<v Speaker 2>so rising prices for a bunch of those materials have

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<v Speaker 2>been a problem for a while now. With these tariffs,

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<v Speaker 2>those brewers that were able to survive are not going

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<v Speaker 2>to be able to withstand the terraffs. They say, between

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<v Speaker 2>a rock and a hard place. They can't pass the

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<v Speaker 2>high costs under their customers because the customers will just

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<v Speaker 2>go buy cheap, crappy beer somewhere else.

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<v Speaker 3>I mean the cheaper beer. It's not the small beer anyway,

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<v Speaker 3>you know what I mean.

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<v Speaker 2>Closing arguments expected in the asap Rocky Hollywood a gun

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<v Speaker 2>assault trial today. The rap artist turned fashion mogul faces

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<v Speaker 2>a couple of felony counts of assault with the semi

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<v Speaker 2>automatic firearm two confrontations on the night of November sixth,

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<v Speaker 2>twenty twenty one with a former buddy of his, asap

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<v Speaker 2>Relly Terrell Ephron. Their friendship soured over the years because

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<v Speaker 2>asap Rocky started taking off. Turn of events that culminated

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<v Speaker 2>in this encounter and charges against asap Rocky. His longtime

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<v Speaker 2>partner is Rihanna. She showed up at court that made

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<v Speaker 2>some headlines. That was kind of that was interesting. Remember

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<v Speaker 2>that time, Remember that time that Aaron Rodgers caught a

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<v Speaker 2>pass that he threw. There was a moment. He's one

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<v Speaker 2>of the one of the NFL quarterbacks. Is that there's

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<v Speaker 2>a handful of them who have I had to throw

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<v Speaker 2>a pass, it got blocked. They caught it and made

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<v Speaker 2>it turn it into a touchdown.

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<v Speaker 3>Rogers in trouble. It's gonna get there. They turned thirty

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<v Speaker 3>two yesterday. There's a half a finish, tidy interview. Then

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<v Speaker 3>the inside.

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<v Speaker 1>For the wind.

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<v Speaker 2>Richard Rogers for the left off touchdown O came in

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<v Speaker 2>for the Packers. That was Rogers to Rodgers, but it

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<v Speaker 2>was Aaron Rodgers to Richard Rodgers. It turns out Aaron

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<v Speaker 2>Rodgers will not be playing for the Jets next season.

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<v Speaker 2>Four time MVP, fifth player in NFL history to throw

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<v Speaker 2>five hundred touchdown passes in the regular season, has one

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<v Speaker 2>year of non guaranteed money left on his contract with

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<v Speaker 2>the Jets, and they told him last week, you will

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<v Speaker 2>not be playing in New York anymore.

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<v Speaker 3>Would you like your Jeopardy question? Let's do our jeopardy question.

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<v Speaker 2>But first I wanted to play this because somebody actually

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<v Speaker 2>had an interesting question then, Hi, Gary.

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<v Speaker 4>And Shannon, this is Michelle. I love your show. I

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<v Speaker 4>love the Laby question for you. Or if I would

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<v Speaker 4>ask if you'd be willing to go head to head

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<v Speaker 4>with Bill Handle doing the jeopardy because I think both

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<v Speaker 4>of you guys are very knowledgeable. But I'd wonder who

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<v Speaker 4>would come out on top. That would be awesome of

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<v Speaker 4>first Jeopardy Jeopardy show on the K.

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<v Speaker 2>He's got some pretty bizarre, weird knowledge that I've never

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<v Speaker 2>had in my life. So I don't know about the.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know.

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<v Speaker 3>I don't know if I'll take that chance. All right?

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<v Speaker 3>So roses for four hundred roses. The natural defense mechanism

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<v Speaker 3>of the rose are commonly called this tea word, though

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<v Speaker 3>they are technically prickled. That's a really easy question, Cale,

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<v Speaker 3>I do what the calendar tells me. What is thorn?

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<v Speaker 2>Thorn's yes, all right, tea word. That's kind of that

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<v Speaker 2>that throws people because it's a th h word is

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<v Speaker 2>the way they think of it. Thorn is the word.

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<v Speaker 2>You know what else has thorns? That I found out

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<v Speaker 2>just the other day, Boginvilia, how do you say that?

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<v Speaker 3>Bogan? Bog and villa is beautiful, beautiful flew.

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<v Speaker 2>Beautiful vining flower plant that comes up. I found out

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<v Speaker 2>that it has thorns.

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<v Speaker 3>Does I know? I found out the hard way? Oh yeah,

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<v Speaker 3>did you get hurt?

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<v Speaker 2>I did get hurt buggers? My wife said, of course,

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<v Speaker 2>of course it has swords. It's Bogan v However, you say, I.

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<v Speaker 3>Think it's Bougainvillia.

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<v Speaker 4>Good.

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<v Speaker 3>I could be wrong.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I'm going to correct her when I get home.

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<v Speaker 2>Jedra says, it's Bougainvillaya whatever it is. Never mind, all right,

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<v Speaker 2>coming back, we know we have a lot of work

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<v Speaker 2>to do when it comes to rebuilding from the Eating fire,

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<v Speaker 2>from the Palisades fire. What can we learn from other

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<v Speaker 2>recent fires that devastated certain areas of our country.

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<v Speaker 3>We'll talk about that.

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<v Speaker 1>You're listening to Gary and Shannon on demand from KFI

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<v Speaker 1>AM six forty.

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<v Speaker 2>Think of the devastating fires that we've seen in the

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<v Speaker 2>last several years, say six seven years. The Tubs fire

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<v Speaker 2>back in twenty seventeen up in Sonoma County, Lake County,

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<v Speaker 2>Mendocino County, and the campfire in Paradise up in Butte County,

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<v Speaker 2>and then the fires on Maui.

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<v Speaker 3>In twenty twenty three.

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<v Speaker 2>All of these are similar, at least in their scope

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<v Speaker 2>to the Palisades and Eaten fires, in that we've got

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<v Speaker 2>thousands of homes, dozens of deaths, and the rebuilding process

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<v Speaker 2>that faces not just those people who lost their homes,

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<v Speaker 2>but I mean the entire community, all of La County

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<v Speaker 2>is going to be impacted by this rebuilding process as

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<v Speaker 2>it comes. And there've been a couple of different I

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<v Speaker 2>don't want to use the word autopsy because it makes

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<v Speaker 2>it sound a little dire, but in lessons perhaps that

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<v Speaker 2>we can learn from the campfire in Paradise, the Tubs

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<v Speaker 2>fire in the North Bay area, and the Maui fire

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<v Speaker 2>in terms of how La County might be able to rebuild.

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<v Speaker 2>And I think some of the most important lessons are

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<v Speaker 2>not just for the people involved. It's for the politicians.

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<v Speaker 2>It's for those people who work at the county level,

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<v Speaker 2>or the city level, maybe even the state level. Of

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<v Speaker 2>here are the roadblocks that need to be taken out

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<v Speaker 2>of people's way. If you want to live by your

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<v Speaker 2>priority you have said, the rebuilding of the community, the

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<v Speaker 2>maintenance of the culture of that community is so important.

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<v Speaker 3>There are things that you have to do.

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<v Speaker 2>You politicians have to do to get out of the

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<v Speaker 2>damn way to allow them to have these things done.

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<v Speaker 2>And one of the things that I saw just is

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<v Speaker 2>my opinion, but of all the things that need to

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<v Speaker 2>be redone in these communities, one example out of the

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<v Speaker 2>Tubs fire in the Santa Rosa area is that you

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<v Speaker 2>have to put a priority on rebuilding the schools. In

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<v Speaker 2>the Tubs fire, they said that there were about eight

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<v Speaker 2>hundred students, one hundred staff members, and two school board

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<v Speaker 2>members that lost their homes in those fires, and the

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<v Speaker 2>impact of the fire on the school community was far reaching.

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<v Speaker 2>It may be slightly different in the Palisades area because

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<v Speaker 2>the demographics are slightly different there are fewer kids there,

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<v Speaker 2>but the damage to the schools is one of those

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<v Speaker 2>things that needs to be ameliorated first. And the district

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<v Speaker 2>itself up in Santa Rosa dispatched a bunch of councilors

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<v Speaker 2>out there to parents and students. Some of them came

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<v Speaker 2>from other parts of the state to lend a hand

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<v Speaker 2>that as the councilors did, they stayed on campuses for weeks.

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<v Speaker 2>One of the things they did was it showed the

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<v Speaker 2>people in those neighborhoods in the Fountain Head neighborhood and

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<v Speaker 2>other neighborhoods around Santa Rosa, that the schools themselves play

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<v Speaker 2>a massive part in stabilizing a community. It's not just education,

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<v Speaker 2>it's childcare, it's meals, it's the in person connections, not

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<v Speaker 2>just for the kids, but for the parents seeing other

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<v Speaker 2>parents from the neighborhood. The ten schools in the Santa

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<v Speaker 2>Rosa fire were either destroyed or heavily damaged, and what

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<v Speaker 2>they had to do was they had to relocate some

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<v Speaker 2>of the kids to satellite campuses, kind of spread them

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<v Speaker 2>out so that the other campuses could absorb some of

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<v Speaker 2>the kids. But one of their main priorities was rebuilding

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<v Speaker 2>or repairing the schools as soon as possible so that

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<v Speaker 2>those kids had a place to go back to because

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of these people, even though their homes weren't damaged,

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<v Speaker 2>they didn't move that far away necessarily. And one of

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<v Speaker 2>the great things that can help a kid recover from

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<v Speaker 2>that is they get a chance to be around their

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<v Speaker 2>friends once again. We come back, we'll talk more about

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<v Speaker 2>one of the some of the things that politicians can

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<v Speaker 2>do and prioritize that they've learned from not just the

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<v Speaker 2>tubs fire, but also that Maui fire in August of

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<v Speaker 2>twenty twenty three. Gary and Shannon will continue. Oh, Debrah,

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<v Speaker 2>have a quick message for you, and this is about

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<v Speaker 2>the bogan va.

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<v Speaker 3>From a nursery man. It's bogan via just for dead. Okay,

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<v Speaker 3>now you got it. I really screw that one up.

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<v Speaker 3>That's all right. Listen, you've had a rough fifteen minutes

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<v Speaker 3>of the brain. I don't know, the weather is just

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<v Speaker 3>messing up.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I have full confidence in you. You're gonna nail

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<v Speaker 2>this one. Yeah, even if it does sound slightly familiar.

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<v Speaker 1>You're listening to Gary and Shannon on demand from KFI

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<v Speaker 1>AM six forty.

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<v Speaker 2>The cabinet continues to flesh itself out. That's weird to

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<v Speaker 2>say it that way. The Senate has confirmed and now

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<v Speaker 2>he has been sworn in. RFK Junior is the new

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<v Speaker 2>Secretary of Health and Human Services. Brooke Rollins was elected

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<v Speaker 2>or i should say confirmed by the Senate votus seventy

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<v Speaker 2>two to twenty eight. Brook Rollins will be your new

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<v Speaker 2>Secretary of Agri Culture. Cash Battel made his way out

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<v Speaker 2>of the Senate Judiciary Committee. He is advanced to the

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<v Speaker 2>floor of the Senate for confirmation as FBI Director, and

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<v Speaker 2>Lynda McMahon, President Trump's choice for Education Secretary, is made

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<v Speaker 2>her way through the confirmation hearing as her nomination continues

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<v Speaker 2>to move through the Senate. We're talking about recent fires

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<v Speaker 2>in the state of California and Hawaii. The Tubs fire

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<v Speaker 2>from October of twenty seventeen up in the Santa Rosa area,

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<v Speaker 2>the Campfire November of twenty eighteen in Paradise, and then

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<v Speaker 2>the Maui fires on the island of Maui in August

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<v Speaker 2>of twenty twenty three. And the things that we are

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<v Speaker 2>going to be able to learn from those fires. And again,

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<v Speaker 2>these are not necessarily lessons for the people whose homes

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<v Speaker 2>were burned or if you've lost somebody that as a

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<v Speaker 2>result of that fire. It's more for politicians and those

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<v Speaker 2>people in charge of what will be the cleanup effort.

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<v Speaker 2>And I mentioned one of the biggest issues is going

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<v Speaker 2>to be schools, adding schools back up and running, because

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<v Speaker 2>it's not just about the education for the kids, it

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<v Speaker 2>becomes a meeting place for the neighborhood. One of the

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<v Speaker 2>other issues is and this came from the Sheriff of

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<v Speaker 2>Sonoma County at the time of the fire. He said,

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<v Speaker 2>Calm is contagious, and so is the opposite, and even

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<v Speaker 2>in the face of chaos, it's important to keep your head. Now,

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<v Speaker 2>there has been some confusion. I'll point to the reopening

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<v Speaker 2>of pch a couple of weekends ago, where Karen bas

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<v Speaker 2>said that it was going to reopen, but then it wasn't,

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<v Speaker 2>and then she changed the date, and then the National

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<v Speaker 2>Guard came in and they were able to help out

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<v Speaker 2>to free up some of the LAPD resources.

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<v Speaker 3>That wasn't necessarily well.

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<v Speaker 2>That was confusion, and that was something that's an issue

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<v Speaker 2>that needs to be ironed out before you go public

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<v Speaker 2>with that, because the calm is contagious, but so is

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<v Speaker 2>the chaos if it turns out to be chaotic. We're

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<v Speaker 2>in a position now where and they've seen it in

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<v Speaker 2>all of these other fires. The d is over, the

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<v Speaker 2>emergency itself is over, and we're on the verge of

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<v Speaker 2>what will be a massive cleanup. I mean, the Tubs

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<v Speaker 2>fire in Santa Rosa at the time was the largest

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<v Speaker 2>wildfire cleanup in this history of the state and the

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<v Speaker 2>largest disaster cleanup since the nineteen oh six earthquake in

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<v Speaker 2>San Francisco. This one will eclipse that easily. The next

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<v Speaker 2>phase gets murkier. The next phase is when things start

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<v Speaker 2>to gum up. It's when the insurance payouts kind of

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<v Speaker 2>dribble out. It's when the scammers and the price gougers

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<v Speaker 2>promised these quick turnarounds. Local officials make decisions about what

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<v Speaker 2>to rebuild first, and then everybody gets impatient and everybody

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<v Speaker 2>thinks the process is not moving fast enough.

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<v Speaker 3>When you think about just the.

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<v Speaker 2>Removal of the debris from these burn sites, from these

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<v Speaker 2>neighborhoods that went down, ninety percent of it is going

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<v Speaker 2>to be gone very quickly.

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<v Speaker 3>Ninety percent of it.

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<v Speaker 2>The biggest stuff, the chimneys that are still standing that

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<v Speaker 2>are going to have to be knocked down and removed,

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<v Speaker 2>the big iron structures, whether it's a shed in the

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<v Speaker 2>backyard or the dishwasher or the washing the big pieces

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<v Speaker 2>can be moved relatively quickly, so ninety percent of it's

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<v Speaker 2>gone right away. It's that other ten percent that literally

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<v Speaker 2>has to be removed by hand in some cases. And then,

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<v Speaker 2>like we said in a couple hours ago, the six

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<v Speaker 2>inches of top soil to be removed to try to

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<v Speaker 2>get most of the contaminants that they can, and that

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<v Speaker 2>that's when the process really really slows down. Then comes

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<v Speaker 2>the permitting. One of the things that Rick Caruso had

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<v Speaker 2>said was he wants to implement AI as part of

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<v Speaker 2>that permitting process to shrink it down from weeks and

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<v Speaker 2>in cases months to hours, to make sure that some

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<v Speaker 2>of these permits get where they need to be approved

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<v Speaker 2>when they need to be so that people can begin

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<v Speaker 2>the process of rebuilding. We've seen, if it's the Tubs Fire, campfire,

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<v Speaker 2>or the malifires, we've seen the timeline for this, and

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<v Speaker 2>they want to do better now. The Tubs fire in

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<v Speaker 2>October of twenty seventeen, they were able to rebuild and

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<v Speaker 2>get some homes back on those properties within about a year.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean rebuilt within about a year, only a couple,

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<v Speaker 2>but they know that that process can begin and get

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<v Speaker 2>finished within a year. The rebuilding of the entire neighborhood

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<v Speaker 2>took about five years. That was the Tub's fire up

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<v Speaker 2>in Sonoma County. The campfire is going to be different,

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<v Speaker 2>simply because of geography. There were eighteen thousand properties that

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<v Speaker 2>were destroyed by that fire or damaged severely, and some

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<v Speaker 2>people decided not to go back. The Mali fire very similar,

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<v Speaker 2>thousands of properties and dealing. I mean, it's got its

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<v Speaker 2>own sort of intricacies because it's an island in the

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<v Speaker 2>middle of the Pacific, so getting stuff there is not

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<v Speaker 2>as easy as.

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<v Speaker 3>It would be, you know, to the Pacific Palisades.

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<v Speaker 2>But the lessons of making sure that calm is contagious,

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<v Speaker 2>making sure that you get out of the way when

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<v Speaker 2>it comes to permitting for rebuilding, and putting an emphasis

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<v Speaker 2>on things like schools and those other places that can

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<v Speaker 2>define and become the anchors for those communities as they

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<v Speaker 2>do the rebuilding process.

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<v Speaker 1>You're listening to Gary and Shannon on demand from KFI

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<v Speaker 1>AM six forty.

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<v Speaker 2>The rain will be the top story through the day

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<v Speaker 2>today and probably into tomorrow. Certain counties have already seen

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<v Speaker 2>the majority of their heaviest rain. San Luis, Obispo and

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<v Speaker 2>Santa Barbara Counties have been getting punched in the face

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<v Speaker 2>in the last couple of hours. We saw a pretty

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<v Speaker 2>good cell roll through Burbank here just a short time

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<v Speaker 2>ago and make its way through, But the National Weather

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<v Speaker 2>Services the heaviest for La County is expected between about

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<v Speaker 2>four o'clock and nine o'clock this afternoon. A car attack

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<v Speaker 2>in Munich injured at least twenty eight people, including kids. Today,

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<v Speaker 2>German anti terrorism officials say an asylum seeker from Afghanistan

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<v Speaker 2>was arrested for that attack. That is also the site

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<v Speaker 2>of the Munich Security Conference starts tomorrow. Vice President j

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<v Speaker 2>d Vance, Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelenski, Secretary of State Marco

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<v Speaker 2>Rubio are all expected to be there. Well, it's time

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<v Speaker 2>for some fun stories when it comes to science, but

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<v Speaker 2>I would say stream science.

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<v Speaker 3>Strange saience. It's like weird science, but strange. I'm a

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<v Speaker 3>big fan of I'm a big fan of naps.

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<v Speaker 2>And if you've ever wondered about the best time to

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<v Speaker 2>take a nap and you're a fan of this show,

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<v Speaker 2>well I got great news for you. The best time

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<v Speaker 2>to take a nap, acording to researchers, one forty two pm.

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<v Speaker 2>So you listen to this show, maybe grab a little

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<v Speaker 2>lunch afterwards, and then call it a day. This very

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<v Speaker 2>specific time emerged from a new nationwide survey that looked

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<v Speaker 2>at how we nap, what makes some people better nappers

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<v Speaker 2>than others. It was done by the Green of the

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<v Speaker 2>Avocado Mattress people, and they found that most people aim

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<v Speaker 2>for about a fifty one minute nap, which means if

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<v Speaker 2>you go to about a one forty two you wake

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<v Speaker 2>up at two thirty three. The problem is, most sleep

399
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<v Speaker 2>researchers say that that is too long of a nap.

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<v Speaker 2>You nap too long, it's going to leave you feeling

401
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<v Speaker 2>worse than before you close your eyes. The study found

402
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<v Speaker 2>that NAP's lasting longer than an hour and twenty six minutes,

403
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<v Speaker 2>that'd be about thirty five minutes past the perfect length

404
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<v Speaker 2>enter what would the researchers would call the danger zone,

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<v Speaker 2>because if you go about an hour and twenty six minutes,

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<v Speaker 2>you start to feel groggy, you start to feel disoriented

407
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<v Speaker 2>instead of refreshed, and if you're still asleep after that

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<v Speaker 2>hour and forty four minutes, they said, that's no longer

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<v Speaker 2>considered a nap. You've actually dripped it off into a

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<v Speaker 2>full sleep session at that point, and that that could

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<v Speaker 2>potentially be more detrimental than just a quick forty thirty

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<v Speaker 2>or forty.

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<v Speaker 3>Minute nap is what they say you should shoot for

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<v Speaker 3>most days.

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<v Speaker 2>There is a question about whether or not the human

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<v Speaker 2>body could survive a trip to Mars. On March second,

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<v Speaker 2>twenty sixteen, Scott Kelly came back in a Soyuz spacecraft

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<v Speaker 2>traveling at about seventeen thousand miles an hour, and as expected,

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<v Speaker 2>it warmed up the heat shield so much that a

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<v Speaker 2>bunch of molten pieces of the heat shield actually flew off.

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<v Speaker 2>Now the deceleration amounted to about six g's on Scott

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<v Speaker 2>Kelly and the cosmonauts that were also on board, Mikyle

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00:23:54.519 --> 00:23:57.559
<v Speaker 2>and Sergei, because of course they're named Mikyle and Sergei.

424
00:23:58.400 --> 00:24:02.200
<v Speaker 3>The search and rescue team come in. They hoist him out.

425
00:24:02.279 --> 00:24:04.160
<v Speaker 2>Scott Kelly gives him a thumbs up, and then they

426
00:24:04.240 --> 00:24:08.759
<v Speaker 2>grimace as they lower him into a recliner because it's

427
00:24:08.920 --> 00:24:13.839
<v Speaker 2>just sitting in the middle of nowhere. He lifted a

428
00:24:13.880 --> 00:24:16.079
<v Speaker 2>satellite phone to his ear and makes his first call

429
00:24:16.200 --> 00:24:18.680
<v Speaker 2>back on Earth. He'd spent more time in space than

430
00:24:18.720 --> 00:24:23.079
<v Speaker 2>almost any other person, four missions each longer than the last,

431
00:24:23.319 --> 00:24:27.440
<v Speaker 2>totaling five hundred and twenty days almost two years in space,

432
00:24:27.920 --> 00:24:30.559
<v Speaker 2>and on this trip he had taken the longest spacelight

433
00:24:30.599 --> 00:24:34.200
<v Speaker 2>of any space flight of any American. And he said

434
00:24:34.759 --> 00:24:37.920
<v Speaker 2>as he flew longer, the symptoms of returning to Earth

435
00:24:38.680 --> 00:24:42.359
<v Speaker 2>got worse, and after he got back home in Houston,

436
00:24:42.440 --> 00:24:46.519
<v Speaker 2>he was nauseated. He was dizzy, his joints ached under

437
00:24:46.559 --> 00:24:50.359
<v Speaker 2>the force of gravity. Simply sitting in a chair sometimes

438
00:24:50.519 --> 00:24:54.200
<v Speaker 2>felt uncomfortable. And the idea of traveling in space is

439
00:24:54.839 --> 00:24:57.200
<v Speaker 2>I wouldn't say it's not meant for human beings, but

440
00:24:57.640 --> 00:24:59.880
<v Speaker 2>our body is not built for that sort of a thing.

441
00:25:00.640 --> 00:25:02.799
<v Speaker 2>Scott Kelly has a twin brother. We know him as

442
00:25:03.160 --> 00:25:06.640
<v Speaker 2>Mark Kelly, is the Arizona Senator before this mission. Both

443
00:25:06.680 --> 00:25:08.960
<v Speaker 2>of these guys agreed to participate in what they said

444
00:25:09.079 --> 00:25:11.759
<v Speaker 2>was a comparative study. Mark was going to stay on

445
00:25:11.839 --> 00:25:13.759
<v Speaker 2>Earth the whole time. Scott was going to be on

446
00:25:13.839 --> 00:25:16.839
<v Speaker 2>Earth and in space. Because they have the same DNA,

447
00:25:17.400 --> 00:25:19.759
<v Speaker 2>it's a rare opportunity for them to figure out what

448
00:25:19.880 --> 00:25:23.599
<v Speaker 2>would be the effects, even some psychological effects of long

449
00:25:23.759 --> 00:25:27.839
<v Speaker 2>term space missions. So before they before Scott went up

450
00:25:27.839 --> 00:25:30.720
<v Speaker 2>on the ISS, they do a bunch of twelve universities

451
00:25:30.799 --> 00:25:33.880
<v Speaker 2>eighty researchers. They study them closely than perhaps any other

452
00:25:34.039 --> 00:25:40.480
<v Speaker 2>humans in history, and could use, for example, the cognitive

453
00:25:40.559 --> 00:25:44.519
<v Speaker 2>testing to show declines in Scott's mental speed and accuracy,

454
00:25:45.160 --> 00:25:47.720
<v Speaker 2>the markers of inflammation, and his blood spiked to levels

455
00:25:47.759 --> 00:25:51.839
<v Speaker 2>that lab tests had difficulty measuring, thousands of percent above

456
00:25:51.960 --> 00:25:55.920
<v Speaker 2>normal suggested an extreme stress response to the space travel.

457
00:25:57.440 --> 00:26:01.599
<v Speaker 2>Fewer than seven hundred people, most of them young fit,

458
00:26:02.160 --> 00:26:05.200
<v Speaker 2>most of the male, have gone into space. And they

459
00:26:05.240 --> 00:26:07.720
<v Speaker 2>said that the number of people going into space in

460
00:26:07.720 --> 00:26:10.440
<v Speaker 2>the next couple of decades could grow exponentially because more

461
00:26:10.480 --> 00:26:14.160
<v Speaker 2>and more governments, more and more companies SpaceX, Blue Origin,

462
00:26:14.279 --> 00:26:19.720
<v Speaker 2>Virgin et cetera. Could propel people into space. But there's

463
00:26:19.720 --> 00:26:22.400
<v Speaker 2>a bunch of peculiar effects of space travel that are

464
00:26:22.440 --> 00:26:27.359
<v Speaker 2>now only being identified and investigated. For example, latent herpes

465
00:26:27.599 --> 00:26:35.440
<v Speaker 2>infections get reactivated, Certain medications become less effective. Microgravity, which

466
00:26:35.519 --> 00:26:39.519
<v Speaker 2>is the near weightlessness that you experience in space, redistributes

467
00:26:39.640 --> 00:26:42.319
<v Speaker 2>blood to veins in the head and neck that aren't

468
00:26:42.400 --> 00:26:45.440
<v Speaker 2>used to handling that flow. That increases the risk of

469
00:26:45.480 --> 00:26:49.880
<v Speaker 2>a clot somewhere in your brain or neck. And Scott

470
00:26:49.960 --> 00:26:52.119
<v Speaker 2>Kelly wrote a book, and in this book he said

471
00:26:52.200 --> 00:26:54.799
<v Speaker 2>humans can explore more of the universe only if they

472
00:26:54.920 --> 00:26:59.599
<v Speaker 2>strengthen the weakest links in the chain that makes spaceflight possible.

473
00:27:00.039 --> 00:27:02.960
<v Speaker 2>The weakest links in the chain are the human body

474
00:27:04.000 --> 00:27:07.440
<v Speaker 2>and the human mind. Right now, the record, by the way,

475
00:27:07.480 --> 00:27:10.279
<v Speaker 2>for the longest time in space is held by a

476
00:27:10.319 --> 00:27:14.440
<v Speaker 2>Russian cosmonaut a guy named Valerie Polyakov spent about fourteen

477
00:27:14.559 --> 00:27:18.359
<v Speaker 2>months in low Earth orbit, relatively protected from the radiation

478
00:27:19.000 --> 00:27:21.839
<v Speaker 2>and the communication lags. But only twenty four people have

479
00:27:22.000 --> 00:27:25.640
<v Speaker 2>ever exited low Earth orbit, and that was more than

480
00:27:25.680 --> 00:27:28.720
<v Speaker 2>fifty years ago for less than two weeks at a time.

481
00:27:28.759 --> 00:27:30.599
<v Speaker 3>Because those guys, you know, they went to the Moon.

482
00:27:32.519 --> 00:27:35.240
<v Speaker 2>There is a huge study now going on about whether

483
00:27:35.400 --> 00:27:40.440
<v Speaker 2>or not the astronauts soon to be Martians at some

484
00:27:40.559 --> 00:27:43.720
<v Speaker 2>point could withstand the six or seven month journey in

485
00:27:43.920 --> 00:27:46.160
<v Speaker 2>space that it would take for them to get to Mars,

486
00:27:46.680 --> 00:27:49.960
<v Speaker 2>and then once they get to Mars, when they come back,

487
00:27:50.079 --> 00:27:55.000
<v Speaker 2>that's another six or seven months the other way. Is

488
00:27:55.079 --> 00:27:57.319
<v Speaker 2>there a way to speed that up, they don't know.

489
00:27:58.480 --> 00:27:59.759
<v Speaker 2>Is there a way to make it easier on the

490
00:27:59.839 --> 00:28:04.599
<v Speaker 2>hum and body, They don't know. Scott Kelly's been telling

491
00:28:04.680 --> 00:28:08.119
<v Speaker 2>the doctors about these mysterious medical issues that have come up,

492
00:28:09.960 --> 00:28:15.079
<v Speaker 2>and he doesn't know why that's happened. More importantly, perhaps

493
00:28:16.359 --> 00:28:19.319
<v Speaker 2>the people who are studying him don't know why they happened.

494
00:28:20.440 --> 00:28:23.279
<v Speaker 2>There were changes in Scott Kelly's genetics because of the

495
00:28:23.319 --> 00:28:26.160
<v Speaker 2>time he spent in space, about nine thousand genes, some

496
00:28:26.319 --> 00:28:28.519
<v Speaker 2>of which might increase the risk of cancer and immune

497
00:28:28.559 --> 00:28:31.920
<v Speaker 2>system problems have been altered. They didn't normalize for the

498
00:28:31.960 --> 00:28:33.640
<v Speaker 2>most part over the course of a few months, but

499
00:28:33.759 --> 00:28:36.880
<v Speaker 2>some continued to show signs of damage, including breaks and

500
00:28:37.039 --> 00:28:40.759
<v Speaker 2>even inversions in their DNA. And that's just going into

501
00:28:40.799 --> 00:28:44.759
<v Speaker 2>low Earth orbit. Imagine you go completely out of the

502
00:28:44.880 --> 00:28:47.720
<v Speaker 2>gravitational pull of the Earth, make your way through space

503
00:28:47.799 --> 00:28:48.160
<v Speaker 2>to Mars.

504
00:28:48.279 --> 00:28:49.599
<v Speaker 3>They don't know if it's possible or not.

505
00:28:49.839 --> 00:28:51.720
<v Speaker 2>All right, we'll keep an eye on the reins all

506
00:28:51.759 --> 00:28:54.200
<v Speaker 2>the evacuation warnings and orders that are out there. The

507
00:28:54.319 --> 00:28:56.240
<v Speaker 2>John Cobelt Show is coming up next. If you miss

508
00:28:56.279 --> 00:28:57.960
<v Speaker 2>any part of this show, go back and check out

509
00:28:58.000 --> 00:29:01.279
<v Speaker 2>the podcast. Anywhere you find your favorite podcast, just type

510
00:29:01.319 --> 00:29:04.799
<v Speaker 2>in Gary and Shannon. We'll see you tomorrow. Stay dry.

511
00:29:04.839 --> 00:29:09.000
<v Speaker 3>Everybody you've been listening to The Gary and Shannon Show.

512
00:29:09.079 --> 00:29:11.480
<v Speaker 2>You can always hear us live on KFI AM six

513
00:29:11.559 --> 00:29:14.640
<v Speaker 2>forty nine am to one pm every Monday through Friday,

514
00:29:14.839 --> 00:29:17.480
<v Speaker 2>and anytime on demand on the iHeartRadio ap
