Speaker 1: Welcome to Pharma Talk Radio. This podcast is focused on
Speaker 1: achieving oral delivery of peptides to formulation and molecule design
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Speaker 1: Thank you and enjoy the podcast.
Speaker 2: I'm le Pasha, I lead the Novel Delivery Technology Steam
Speaker 2: at Novatas down the road you're in Cambridge, and I
Speaker 2: would like to briefly introduce the panel here today that
Speaker 2: will be talking through the oral delivery of peptides via
Speaker 2: formulation and molecular designs.
Speaker 3: This is the topic that we have for the panel.
Speaker 2: So firstly, and it back from Astra Zanika heading the
Speaker 2: Advanced Drug Delivery Teams there, Andy Lewis at Quotient Sciences,
Speaker 2: the CSO from and Suman Lutra, director at Mark for
Speaker 2: the Discover Very Pharmaceutical Science Esteem. So thank you all
Speaker 2: for being here. Probably if you could share a bit
Speaker 2: on you know, the topic why we have here, so
Speaker 2: the purpose of this topic on what makes peptide so
Speaker 2: difficult to deliver or really speak to some of your experiences.
Speaker 2: If you have an example of two, perhaps each of
Speaker 2: you can talk to that a bit.
Speaker 4: Okay, I'll go first.
Speaker 5: So, yeah, a question science is we're a CDMO, so
Speaker 5: we develop manufactured drug products, but we're different in that
Speaker 5: we're also a CRO so we've got two clinical trial units,
Speaker 5: and we've really pioneered the integration of drug product manufacturing
Speaker 5: and clinical testing so that you can optimize drug products
Speaker 5: in response.
Speaker 4: To clinical data.
Speaker 5: And as such, we've we've worked on quite a number
Speaker 5: of oral peptide programs.
Speaker 4: Somewhere in the region.
Speaker 5: Well it's over fourteen programs at the moment, eleven different
Speaker 5: peptide All of them have been permeation enhancer programs, so
Speaker 5: I think we've evaluated ten different permeation enhancers. It's given
Speaker 5: us a really privileged insight into the state of the
Speaker 5: art for oral peptides and how different companies are approaching
Speaker 5: the clinical development. Obviously we see the pre clinical data
Speaker 5: and obviously lucky enough also to see the clinical performance.
Speaker 5: And I think for me it's really fascinating because I think,
Speaker 5: I mean, there's decades of work been done to try
Speaker 5: and understand the biopharmaceutics of oral peptizes. And I think
Speaker 5: we do know a lot more than we used to,
Speaker 5: but also there's still a lot to learn, and I
Speaker 5: think there's been some great advances, but the biopharmaceutics of
Speaker 5: oral peptized probably requires a.
Speaker 4: Lot more work.
Speaker 3: I think someone you want to talk of it.
Speaker 6: Thank you, Lipa, and thanks for the invitation to share
Speaker 6: my perspectives here.
Speaker 7: You know, many years.
Speaker 6: Ago there was a lot of innovation that was happening
Speaker 6: in the OORO delivery of biologics.
Speaker 7: It turned out to be quite challenging.
Speaker 6: So the company, you know, the industry as all pivoted
Speaker 6: towards patient compliance through improvement and devices and administration, but
Speaker 6: there's still interest in taking those established mechanisms and enabling
Speaker 6: patient delivery through oral administration. So that's where the peptides
Speaker 6: come in. And of course at Mark we have a
Speaker 6: lot of interest in immunology and oncology and enabling AORO
Speaker 6: delivery or peptides for those patients. So, as Andy mentioned,
Speaker 6: the biopharmaceutics principles apply for or delivery and the you know,
Speaker 6: the first one comes to mind for a formulator is
Speaker 6: what we test is stability, solubility and permeability. Stability is
Speaker 6: modulated through early measurements because peptides when they go to
Speaker 6: the stomach they see low pH and then they see
Speaker 6: various prote ltd enzymes in the GI system. So we
Speaker 6: have screens that exist that we can measure and as
Speaker 6: a formulator we can you know, make changes to the
Speaker 6: formulation to avoid the degradation mechanism as well. Second is solubility,
Speaker 6: and as a formulator, again we have a lot of.
Speaker 7: Tools to measure and influence solubility.
Speaker 6: But the biggest hurdle for biology for the peptide deliveries permeability.
Speaker 7: These peptides, on an.
Speaker 6: Average twelve to fifteen more amino acids are about two
Speaker 6: thousand average daltons and they are high molecular weight as
Speaker 6: well as very polar, which makes them beyond role of
Speaker 6: five molecules that are not really onally bioavailable. So that's
Speaker 6: the biggest challenge we have. And as Andy mentioned, there
Speaker 6: are many techniques, formulation interventions and permeation.
Speaker 7: Enhancers being the biggest one of them.
Speaker 6: That's the chemical approach that's out there, but there is
Speaker 6: a ceiling to it. There are approved drop products, there
Speaker 6: are many in the clinic that just show us unmentioned
Speaker 6: yesterday point five point seven person or by availability.
Speaker 7: So that's where the opportunity space.
Speaker 6: Is to really lift that ceiling and reduce cost of
Speaker 6: goods and improve patient compliance through reducing image size.
Speaker 7: So that's the opportunity I see for peptides.
Speaker 3: Thanks and it would you like to add to them?
Speaker 7: Absolutely? I love over old path sides.
Speaker 8: It's the modality I've been at for the longest time
Speaker 8: with my career. I did my graduate work on oil
Speaker 8: delivery of path sites. I still remember the first time
Speaker 8: I did a study where I put panzoma PAP side
Speaker 8: in red intestine or homogene it was gone so quickly
Speaker 8: that I couldn't measure it. So the prime I agree
Speaker 8: with your permeability is an issue God. Before that, we
Speaker 8: need to treat modern nature because she sees pap tides
Speaker 8: as food and papodi days is pancreatic path todays is,
Speaker 8: especially in the GI track, will chew them off faster
Speaker 8: than you can say peptide. So there's a design effort
Speaker 8: up front where we need to design metabolic liability out
Speaker 8: of pap tides, and we will discuss that here today,
Speaker 8: and then I absolutely agree we have an issue after
Speaker 8: that that's permeability as well. And I've seen every time
Speaker 8: I've encountered an old path tie getting at the path
Speaker 8: today's issue before you can do your first PK studies.
Speaker 8: Even IVY, it's an issue, but getting at the path
Speaker 8: today's issue is the paramount to.
Speaker 2: Teg Thanks for starting off with some of these challenges
Speaker 2: but also opportunities like you rightly mentioned things. So what
Speaker 2: we have heard in the last two days at this
Speaker 2: conference is also achieving this patient adherence but also being
Speaker 2: competitive in this field. It definitely needs drug delivery approaches
Speaker 2: beyond probably permation and answers like we do today. If
Speaker 2: Anatan Suman, based on your early discovery and drug delivery experience,
Speaker 2: you can share a bit of insights on how an
Speaker 2: early molecular design approaches could look like. And perhaps also
Speaker 2: if you want to look at different delivery targets for
Speaker 2: a given peptide, if you can add a bit on
Speaker 2: that and share with the audience.
Speaker 8: Here sold you one, Okay, go ahead. I mean this
Speaker 8: first the issue around how to design the molecule, and
Speaker 8: then there's the second question what to design it for.
Speaker 8: If you look at molecular design first and foremost right,
Speaker 8: there's two approaches to overcome both pats bases and permation. Right,
Speaker 8: you can insert non natural amino acids, you can libidate
Speaker 8: it to make it more hydrophobic, and you can cyclize.
Speaker 8: These are the sort of three key standard approaches to
Speaker 8: molecular design. Right Now, there's the pros and cons. Right,
Speaker 8: you can actually design quite by available path sites. But
Speaker 8: then can you make a product out of it?
Speaker 7: Right?
Speaker 8: If you have ten non natural amino acids and cycles
Speaker 8: and stables, and you know they may become especially for
Speaker 8: more common diseases, they may become too expensive to produce.
Speaker 8: So it is really threading a needle between you know,
Speaker 8: the low buyo availability of linear liberated path sites and
Speaker 8: the higher bioavailable ability you can get with highly designed
Speaker 8: path sides versus your cost of goods. The linear path tize.
Speaker 8: You can also make the cells the other ones you
Speaker 8: need to synthesize.
Speaker 7: Which is more expensive and nonetheless.
Speaker 8: Of course what you wanted to sign for. We have
Speaker 8: touched about path today stability and permeability, but you can
Speaker 8: also design for maybe absorption and different paths of the
Speaker 8: GI tract. Right, You can get, for example, you have
Speaker 8: less pathadases in the barka maculsa. It's a route that
Speaker 8: we don't explore that often. You can use nanoparticles etcata.
Speaker 8: To get to the lower GI tract as well, so
Speaker 8: those are options as well.
Speaker 3: So then you would like to add someone.
Speaker 6: Yes, thank you for bringing up the point about you know,
Speaker 6: what are the molecular handles for designing the peptides. And
Speaker 6: I just want to add, you know, cyclization have life
Speaker 6: extensions non natural amino asseys methylation.
Speaker 7: These are very you know.
Speaker 6: Established tools in our medicinal chemistry tool set to to
Speaker 6: designs you know, stable and well we can call them permeable,
Speaker 6: but you know, as best as they can be in
Speaker 6: our chemical you know design process. But then there's also
Speaker 6: designing the molecule for the delivery system, making sure that
Speaker 6: you have the.
Speaker 7: Right pH solubility profile and if.
Speaker 6: You do need to modulate it, say for example through
Speaker 6: self emultifying drug delivery systems and making sure you know,
Speaker 6: those properties that make it enabled for that delivery system
Speaker 6: are also died in into the molecule design.
Speaker 7: We also as.
Speaker 6: Formulators, we layer in formulation engineering on top of the
Speaker 6: molecule design. And this is where you know, and I
Speaker 6: can curve with a net that our standard approved products
Speaker 6: in the market for peptides are you know, immediate released
Speaker 6: rug deglorary.
Speaker 7: System with premation enhancers. But then there is an.
Speaker 6: Opportunity that if we need to avoid the you know,
Speaker 6: either the stomach degradation or peptidase driven metabolic pathways in
Speaker 6: certain parts of the GI, what is that regional area
Speaker 6: in the small interest tine where you want to deliver it.
Speaker 7: And it's not a simple delivery or just.
Speaker 6: A peptide, because permation enhancer is a functional recipient, we
Speaker 6: need to make sure that we are targeting to deliver
Speaker 6: both the pe as well as the peptide at a
Speaker 6: defined region of the GI. So that's where the formulation
Speaker 6: engineering comes in where the opportunity space is. One more
Speaker 6: thing I want to add here is we are talking
Speaker 6: about the molecule design and in the discovery space, and
Speaker 6: one important aspect of there is sitting in the discovery
Speaker 6: space where we are influencing the discovery of the molecules,
Speaker 6: we need to have an appropriate in vitro in vivo correlation,
Speaker 6: which is missing for these large molecules. And not only that,
Speaker 6: the pre clinical to clinical translation is also missing, which
Speaker 6: makes a discovery engine of peptides very slow. So if
Speaker 6: there are opportunities for GUT on the chip based models
Speaker 6: to really expedite and be able to you know, screen
Speaker 6: molecules faster, that would help the field overall.
Speaker 8: And one more common great point on the first camp propitcies.
Speaker 8: One thing that I've also seen that's quite important when
Speaker 8: you design molecules is to keep if you use excipients
Speaker 8: such as permation enhances to produce some early studies around
Speaker 8: how the molecule interacts with the permation and hands. But
Speaker 8: otherwise great outliner and the first camp propies I can.
Speaker 4: Just add add to it as well.
Speaker 5: I actually see in recent years, I think there's been
Speaker 5: a convergence of drug drug discovery and engineering and drug delivery.
Speaker 5: I think a third of the most recent programs that
Speaker 5: we've done the peptides have been specifically designed for oral
Speaker 5: delivery using some of these.
Speaker 4: Strategies.
Speaker 5: But you know, there's technologies such as phage display where
Speaker 5: you can create huge libraries of peptides and screen them
Speaker 5: for properties of interest. You know quite often that will
Speaker 5: be receptor binding, but you can also screen for stability
Speaker 5: to peptidases, etc.
Speaker 3: Great thanks for sharing these insights.
Speaker 2: I believe one of the point that you mentioned about
Speaker 2: this in vitro in we will connect or disconnect in
Speaker 2: the WABC it this is also an apportionatefy nicely highlight
Speaker 2: and probably speaks to some of these collaboration potential we're having.
Speaker 2: Building models specifically to address this kind of issue would
Speaker 2: be quite helpful in the industry.
Speaker 3: And you rightly introduced.
Speaker 2: A course sciences and also the rich experience that has
Speaker 2: come through with actually testing into clinic some of the
Speaker 2: peptides with permission and answers and other tools and techniques.
Speaker 2: If you can share, based on your experience what has
Speaker 2: worked well perhaps and also where you see things need
Speaker 2: to further improve, that'll be great.
Speaker 5: Yeah, wells worked well well as a CDMO. I'm not
Speaker 5: allowed to tell you what the best permeation enhancer is,
Speaker 5: but I think what I can say is the answer is,
Speaker 5: and people have published this that some permeation enhancers seem
Speaker 5: to work well with some peptides and not others. And
Speaker 5: I think it's probably to the point and that was
Speaker 5: making in terms of the interaction between the permeation enhancer
Speaker 5: and the peptide, but potentially also you know how it's delivered.
Speaker 5: You know again people, many people have published we need
Speaker 5: to deliver the permeation enhancer to the epithelium at the
Speaker 5: same time time as the peptide, so that that's a
Speaker 5: really really important consideration when when we're advancing or a
Speaker 5: peptides into the clinic. You know, bearing in mind we've
Speaker 5: got this functional and excipient, we need to deliver them
Speaker 5: at the to the epithelium at the same time. Compared
Speaker 5: to normal first in human study, we tend to use
Speaker 5: more complex dosage forms. So for a small molecule first
Speaker 5: in human quite often people will use a drug in capsule,
Speaker 5: maybe enabled intermediate, but quite often the first in human
Speaker 5: study will be a tablet formulation. Many of these permeation
Speaker 5: enhancers need to be in the tablets in really high amounts,
Speaker 5: so that these are not your normal tablet formulations and
Speaker 5: that can present analytical and manufacturing challenges. But also if
Speaker 5: you look at the published you know, phase one clinical
Speaker 5: studies on oral peptides, so the ribelsa swan and the
Speaker 5: merks PSK nine inhibita, you'll see that the formulations need
Speaker 5: to be optimized, you know, because of you know, what
Speaker 5: we don't know is what the best performing formulation is
Speaker 5: in humans, and so generally there needs to be an
Speaker 5: expanded singlear sending dose phase where people is fairly exploratory
Speaker 5: exploring what is the best performing formulation for that peptide.
Speaker 5: And typically people will evaluate the dose of the peptide,
Speaker 5: the levels of the permeation enhancer, the ratio between the two.
Speaker 4: Inter subject variability.
Speaker 5: In intras subject variability is something that's really important to
Speaker 5: get a good handle on, potentially the site of delivery,
Speaker 5: so in terrat coating with and without terror coating.
Speaker 4: Amongst amongst other things.
Speaker 5: And I recently reviewed all of our oral peptide programs
Speaker 5: that we've done for a number of clients, and I
Speaker 5: compared to the pre clinical by availability to the.
Speaker 4: What we achieved in humans, and.
Speaker 5: What it certainly showed was which might be pleasing as
Speaker 5: a formulator. When you change the formulation, you change performance, right,
Speaker 5: And if you look at them as a hole, there
Speaker 5: isn't a great correlation. However, interestingly, dog by dog by
Speaker 5: availability seems to correlate fairly well with humans. So yeah,
Speaker 5: the data that we've got relatively small data maybe, but
Speaker 5: fourteen clinical studies seems to show that or dog if
Speaker 5: you can what you can achieve in a.
Speaker 4: Dog, you can achieve in humans.
Speaker 5: However, the best performing formulation is different.
Speaker 4: So that's what we've found.
Speaker 6: Yeah, that's a really good point pre clinical species because
Speaker 6: the delivery of peptides using chemical permation enhances is a
Speaker 6: functional mechanism which depends on the physiology, and the physiology
Speaker 6: between humans and preclinical species is different. Yes, I think
Speaker 6: as a formulator we need to pay close attention towards
Speaker 6: the castric volume, the pH the upper GI, the mucus,
Speaker 6: castric motility, transit time. All of those aspects pay play
Speaker 6: a very big role as we are screening molecules and formulations.
Speaker 7: But yeah, I agree with you.
Speaker 6: You know, I think categorically dog may correlate better, but
Speaker 6: then humans are still humans.
Speaker 8: Can I just start of coming here? I think it
Speaker 8: becomes even more important to have that knowledge as we
Speaker 8: think outside the permation and here. So if you look
Speaker 8: across this conference, there's been many sort of innovative devices, etc.
Speaker 8: To get at all delivery of biologics, and having that
Speaker 8: understanding of the physiology and the biopharmaceutics becomes even more
Speaker 8: paramount there.
Speaker 2: Great, that's a very nice segue because one of the
Speaker 2: aspects that I'm sure just as I'm curious about in
Speaker 2: this room others as well. So we talk about them
Speaker 2: now probably the near future. But when it comes to
Speaker 2: making a breakthrough in oral delivery of peptides, and coming
Speaker 2: back to your points and where probably we are doing
Speaker 2: smaller increments information enhancers and yet not there to do
Speaker 2: a justice to delivering peptides orally and with a higher biovailability.
Speaker 2: If you, each of you have to think of a
Speaker 2: blue sky aspiration for delivering peptides orally, what is that
Speaker 2: technology which probably is out there yet not developed, but
Speaker 2: also something that is not out there. What you wish
Speaker 2: that it is available? What would that be for each
Speaker 2: of you? So know soonne if you want to get status.
Speaker 6: So if you guys heard the keynote from Bob Linger yesterday, right,
Speaker 6: he has brought from his you know lab spuns the
Speaker 6: com various companies have spun off that brought the Runnie pill,
Speaker 6: the biograil, and there are a couple other options like that.
Speaker 6: I just want to be cautiously optimistic of that delivery
Speaker 6: system because that's so far I think it's been in
Speaker 6: the clinic just as an empty pill to test the
Speaker 6: mechanism safety, not so much the delivery, and it's been
Speaker 6: claimed in pre clinical species that that gives about sub
Speaker 6: Q like biovailability. So double digits anywhere between twenty to
Speaker 6: forty percent has been reported, which is great because as
Speaker 6: as I mentioned right, the current standard threshold is less
Speaker 6: than one percent.
Speaker 7: So I think that is a blue sky idea. We
Speaker 7: just have to be really you know, working towards that.
Speaker 6: What is our patient population that we are trying to
Speaker 6: make it a better delivery system for over injectables and
Speaker 6: these are mostly chronic indications. So if we move from
Speaker 6: weekly monthly injections to daily pills and they are working
Speaker 6: through lack of a better work, you know, injecting into
Speaker 6: the GI on a daily basis, I think there are
Speaker 6: CMC regulatory hurdles that we need to demonstrate that these
Speaker 6: are safe for chronic indications.
Speaker 7: So that's the blue sky right now.
Speaker 6: As we see, there are other options that we haven't
Speaker 6: looked into, and I would be very curious to hear
Speaker 6: I know and had mentioned in trabuccal intrant nasal.
Speaker 7: Are there other roots of administration that are not.
Speaker 6: As invasive and can get us to better than one
Speaker 6: person by availability of captides.
Speaker 3: Great to add more to that.
Speaker 8: Sure, absolutely, I mean I think for the barcal route
Speaker 8: what you get away where is the enzymes. You still
Speaker 8: have the permeability issue, but muco adhesive patches for baccle
Speaker 8: delivery can still in some peptides be an advantage. We
Speaker 8: don't see any on the market though right Other things
Speaker 8: that have been explored pre clinical is nanoparticles, muke adhesive
Speaker 8: to the lower GI tract as well. Again less enzymes
Speaker 8: more but again still a permation issue. The item that
Speaker 8: I wanted to bring up we had earlier today we
Speaker 8: had a session of novel exhibients. You know, we are
Speaker 8: still using them, I'm sorry, same old permation enhances. You know,
Speaker 8: there's a lot of exhibient innovation that potentially could be
Speaker 8: done there as well. So but the excipient chemist out there,
Speaker 8: that's an option as well, if you want me to
Speaker 8: go really blue sky. I've heard about this for quite
Speaker 8: a number of years now, like microbial drug systems that
Speaker 8: actually produce the pathtide of the biologic institute in the intestine.
Speaker 8: I met a first time about seven or eight years ago.
Speaker 7: I've not seen it.
Speaker 8: Progress, but it seems like conceptually a really good idea,
Speaker 8: but that's very much out in the blue sky.
Speaker 2: Thanks for sharing that. Anatids reminds a bit of this
Speaker 2: enviable you know, cell generating.
Speaker 5: Systems don't get many bacterial toxins can transverse gut epithelia
Speaker 5: as well, So yeah, it's quite the idea, I think.
Speaker 8: Ken. So, whoever can crack that nut, you know, will
Speaker 8: crack that market. I think.
Speaker 7: Great.
Speaker 2: Any anything that you would like to add to what
Speaker 2: you would wish to see running some clinical trials from
Speaker 2: say ten years from now.
Speaker 5: Yeah, Well, the first time I saw the ingustible devices,
Speaker 5: I was kind of blown away, But then I was
Speaker 5: also I also kind of became a little bit It
Speaker 5: was kind of skeptical in that there's obviously going to
Speaker 5: be cost associated with manufacturing of them and how much
Speaker 5: patients would accept them. So they're getting great by availabilities,
Speaker 5: and it comes to that kind of cost benefit analysis,
Speaker 5: particular patient groups, particular indications, et cetera. I think, you know,
Speaker 5: the premation enhancers they do suffer from from food effects,
Speaker 5: which are you know, quite significant. I think technologies that
Speaker 5: can address that, and I think in fact, there was
Speaker 5: there was a talk earlier on a device that was
Speaker 5: that was there's been developed that again just kind of
Speaker 5: effectively controlling the location of the peptide as it's being
Speaker 5: delivered with permeation enhancers and also allows you know, these
Speaker 5: kind of patches that biodesi patches as well, I think
Speaker 5: are really really interesting developments that could address many of
Speaker 5: the issues we've discussed.
Speaker 2: Great now, thanks thanks a lot for sharing these insights.
Speaker 2: I think so given the promise and also given that
Speaker 2: there are immense of portunities in this field into where
Speaker 2: we all strive for delivering peptides differently in this case orally,
Speaker 2: it is important, really important to look at patenting opportunities,
Speaker 2: be it understanding the molecular designs space or novel excipience
Speaker 2: that could act as permission answers or devices that can
Speaker 2: offer a breakthrough for example in this field. So something
Speaker 2: like this forum is actually good to keep continuing the discussion.
Speaker 2: Any last aspects that you would like to leave the
Speaker 2: audience with in terms of peptide delivery orally, I think.
Speaker 6: What's missing right now, at least for the standard permation
Speaker 6: enhance the delivery route is the mechanistic understanding. I think
Speaker 6: we have some idea that how does those permation enhancers work,
Speaker 6: but perhaps more academic collaborations and really you know, trying
Speaker 6: to understand what is that mechanism happening at the cellular level,
Speaker 6: so you're able to perhaps combine the mechanisms to maximize
Speaker 6: the effect. I know many have tried, and there's a
Speaker 6: lot of work going on. But if we can collectively,
Speaker 6: you know, fund that research and try and understand, I
Speaker 6: think it would benefit the you know, the promise of
Speaker 6: heptide delivery for all.
Speaker 9: Great anything Elseangie, I would just say, advance into the
Speaker 9: clinic as quickly as possible, don't spend too long looking
Speaker 9: at in vitro models and you know, pre clinical animals.
Speaker 4: I think there was some great it was.
Speaker 5: There was a great work piece of work published by
Speaker 5: the guys at Medamine actually where they did do a
Speaker 5: really nice They did some petite engineering and then they
Speaker 5: screened a load of permeation enhancers, which I think is
Speaker 5: a good template and then get it into the clinic.
Speaker 8: I think an End talked about it, I think yesterday.
Speaker 8: I think he was in the audience just a brief
Speaker 8: while ago. But yes, that's a good study, so I
Speaker 8: would say, I said before innovation on permation enhances, right,
Speaker 8: they're still not working great now the industry has come
Speaker 8: to be become more accustomed to novel excipients with the
Speaker 8: nucleic acid delivery, why not start there. I think there's
Speaker 8: still thing that things we can do on molecular design.
Speaker 8: I'm not a medicinal chemist, but we are doing the
Speaker 8: same maybe five six seven design strategies. I think we
Speaker 8: need to think outside the box on the chemistry front
Speaker 8: as well, because it will make our job as formulatus
Speaker 8: easier when it gets to us. We will of course
Speaker 8: have to contribute as well with the delivery system, but
Speaker 8: I think the better the molecule, the better the outcome.
Speaker 2: Yeah. Great, thanks, I hope you all agree with molecular
Speaker 2: design built into the peptides, coupled with a lot more
Speaker 2: innovation of opportunities would really get us to target a
Speaker 2: much higher oral delivery of peptide, much higher mark. Thank
Speaker 2: you all, Thanks so much for sharing your insights. It
Speaker 2: is a pleasure to interact with all of you. And
Speaker 2: if there are questions, I think it's another half an
Speaker 2: hour remaining, so grab one of us then. Thanks so much,
Speaker 2: Thank you all, Thank.
Speaker 7: You so much.
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