WEBVTT 1 00:00:02.160 --> 00:00:06.280 Meaning a man like this man letting butterfly flapping his wing. 2 00:00:06.280 --> 00:00:08.240 They've down in a force. Man, it gonna cause the 3 00:00:08.320 --> 00:00:12.119 tree fall, letting five thousand miles away. Man, nobody see 4 00:00:12.240 --> 00:00:12.960 nobody else. 5 00:00:17.120 --> 00:00:17.679 You see. 6 00:00:18.000 --> 00:00:20.519 You don't need no Man, don't they like you? Follow 7 00:00:20.559 --> 00:00:22.039 another story and. 8 00:00:22.120 --> 00:00:25.600 You got back. That's the way. Man, don't blackly not 9 00:00:25.719 --> 00:00:29.000 on the panel. Man, you don't don't matter. Man. Known. 10 00:00:35.799 --> 00:00:41.640 History is the story we tell ourselves about ourselves. History 11 00:00:41.719 --> 00:00:46.000 and identity are rough synonyms, and so it's no shock 12 00:00:46.200 --> 00:00:51.560 that in this era, when identity is under assault from 13 00:00:51.679 --> 00:00:55.920 all angles, well history is two. Now. There are a 14 00:00:56.000 --> 00:01:00.439 number of ways in which specific identities are under attack. 15 00:01:00.920 --> 00:01:04.879 The identity of Christian, the identity of European, the identity 16 00:01:04.879 --> 00:01:08.280 of white, the identity of male. All of these things 17 00:01:08.359 --> 00:01:13.760 are being deliberately deconstructed, turned into dust. But we have 18 00:01:13.799 --> 00:01:16.719 to understand that this process has gone on for a 19 00:01:16.760 --> 00:01:20.519 long time, right well before the kind of most recent, 20 00:01:20.640 --> 00:01:24.959 most egregious examples. And I think it's important to well 21 00:01:25.159 --> 00:01:28.519 ponder why at least one example or one angle of 22 00:01:28.519 --> 00:01:31.840 this is capitalism in and of itself. It is difficult 23 00:01:32.040 --> 00:01:36.959 to sell to differentiated people, but if everyone's basically the same. 24 00:01:37.359 --> 00:01:39.920 If you are not a Christian, you were not a European, 25 00:01:40.319 --> 00:01:43.480 you are not a man. You are simply a consumer, 26 00:01:43.879 --> 00:01:49.719 one of many fungible, unindividuated units. You can be moved 27 00:01:49.879 --> 00:01:53.319 from anywhere to anywhere to perform any task. You have 28 00:01:53.400 --> 00:01:57.359 been turned into a gear in the machine. And these gears, 29 00:01:57.400 --> 00:02:00.799 these fungible pieces, they don't have a hiss and have 30 00:02:00.840 --> 00:02:05.640 an identity. They don't have a story about why their ancestors, 31 00:02:05.640 --> 00:02:09.120 why their culture is different or unique. Now that's part 32 00:02:09.120 --> 00:02:11.879 of it, but we understand some of this is malice. 33 00:02:12.319 --> 00:02:16.599 A large portion of this is deliberate desire to destroy 34 00:02:17.080 --> 00:02:19.560 the true, the good, and the beautiful. And when we 35 00:02:19.599 --> 00:02:23.360 are re examining certain bits of history, certain bits of 36 00:02:23.400 --> 00:02:29.039 our cultural narrative, there are certain pieces that are especially controversial. 37 00:02:29.360 --> 00:02:33.400 Obviously World War Two, the sort of founding religious narrative 38 00:02:33.879 --> 00:02:38.599 of the current instantiation of the World Empire, but also 39 00:02:39.039 --> 00:02:42.199 the civil rights movement. There's been an interesting move, first 40 00:02:42.280 --> 00:02:44.800 on the radical fringes and now closer and closer to 41 00:02:44.840 --> 00:02:48.240 the center of the conservative movement to re examine MLK. 42 00:02:48.719 --> 00:02:52.680 That is effectively an argument over history. What is the 43 00:02:52.719 --> 00:02:57.120 story we tell ourselves about ourselves, where we rescued from 44 00:02:57.199 --> 00:03:02.120 hundreds of years of irredeemable darkness by this August and 45 00:03:02.199 --> 00:03:05.280 wise civil rights leader and religious scholar. Or was this 46 00:03:05.360 --> 00:03:08.639 a con Was this a cultural revolution with a puppet 47 00:03:08.639 --> 00:03:12.080 head who lied and stole and horrid around at the head. 48 00:03:12.479 --> 00:03:15.199 That's the fight, And obviously some of it is scholarly, 49 00:03:15.439 --> 00:03:18.080 some of it is a description of what actually happened. 50 00:03:18.240 --> 00:03:21.560 But in a broader context, it is a claim about value, 51 00:03:21.599 --> 00:03:24.599 a claim about faith. There are other examples the United 52 00:03:24.639 --> 00:03:28.560 States Civil War, which has been reinterpreted in the last 53 00:03:28.599 --> 00:03:33.520 several decades, but also American figures like Andrew Jackson, who 54 00:03:33.560 --> 00:03:35.919 in his time was a liberal has now looked back 55 00:03:35.960 --> 00:03:39.840 on as a vast murderer in the same line as Cortes. 56 00:03:40.240 --> 00:03:44.680 Another part of that is the Crusades. And today's episode 57 00:03:44.840 --> 00:03:47.919 is the second in my series on the Crusades. The 58 00:03:47.960 --> 00:03:50.319 first one I and when I say I, I mean 59 00:03:50.360 --> 00:03:54.039 my guest, I don't know anything about the Crusades, at 60 00:03:54.120 --> 00:03:55.800 least not enough to put on an hour of content. 61 00:03:56.159 --> 00:03:59.800 Was on the first. This next one with guests who's 62 00:04:00.280 --> 00:04:02.800 I'm really excited for you guys to listen to. It's 63 00:04:02.800 --> 00:04:05.919 about the third and in that we see the men 64 00:04:05.960 --> 00:04:10.280 as they were, the history of honorable men fighting it 65 00:04:10.319 --> 00:04:13.599 out for God, for country, and for glory. But that 66 00:04:13.719 --> 00:04:17.120 narrative has been twisted, and it's been twisted at least recently, 67 00:04:17.279 --> 00:04:20.959 in two ways. The first is the most obvious, the 68 00:04:21.000 --> 00:04:27.000 woke stuff. Right, you are the descendant of bloodthirsty murderers, 69 00:04:27.519 --> 00:04:31.639 men who killed women, children, non combatants for no reason 70 00:04:31.680 --> 00:04:35.040 at all after they had surrendered. You are the descendant 71 00:04:35.279 --> 00:04:39.560 of vile imperialists who journeyed across the world. Clearly, this 72 00:04:39.600 --> 00:04:42.120 is not honest. This is a lie. This is a 73 00:04:42.199 --> 00:04:47.279 desire to justify current actions taken against you. Well, even 74 00:04:47.319 --> 00:04:50.639 if you didn't do anything, your ancestors did so it's 75 00:04:50.720 --> 00:04:54.680 fair karmic if you will, your dispossession. But on the 76 00:04:54.720 --> 00:04:58.800 other side, the narrative of the crusader of dais fault 77 00:04:59.120 --> 00:05:03.639 has been used since buy to be blunt American zionists. 78 00:05:04.120 --> 00:05:07.240 American zionists, if you will, put scare quotes around that 79 00:05:07.519 --> 00:05:13.000 to justify stupid foreign wars. You were not journeying halfway 80 00:05:13.000 --> 00:05:15.959 around the world to fight for another nation. You are 81 00:05:16.319 --> 00:05:21.759 participating in this long civilizational duty to push back the 82 00:05:21.839 --> 00:05:25.279 hordes of Saracens or Hodgi's or Taliban and we need 83 00:05:25.319 --> 00:05:28.839 to continue the fight. The same language is used often 84 00:05:28.839 --> 00:05:32.439 in the UK right the counter Jihad of Tommy Robinson 85 00:05:32.480 --> 00:05:36.360 and others. And sure, I don't particularly like the Taliban. 86 00:05:36.720 --> 00:05:40.560 I do not like Muslim immigration into Europe. But the question, 87 00:05:40.600 --> 00:05:44.079 of course is why why are you bringing up that trope? 88 00:05:44.439 --> 00:05:47.199 Are you doing it to inspire the men of that 89 00:05:47.279 --> 00:05:51.759 nation to clean house? Are you doing it to inspire 90 00:05:51.879 --> 00:05:54.360 men to take action? I was going to use another 91 00:05:54.360 --> 00:05:58.040 word there, but you too, is watching right? Or is 92 00:05:58.079 --> 00:06:01.439 it to motivate you to fight on someone else's behalf? 93 00:06:01.680 --> 00:06:06.000 To fight on behalf of the Judeo Christian worldview. That's 94 00:06:06.040 --> 00:06:09.519 why I think that this series is important as a corrective, 95 00:06:09.720 --> 00:06:15.000 but also because the foundation of civilization is hero worship 96 00:06:15.480 --> 00:06:18.480 is looking at the men who came before you in 97 00:06:18.519 --> 00:06:22.839 your line, either literally or figuratively, and strive to imitate them. 98 00:06:23.120 --> 00:06:27.560 Great men, men who did courageous things, who defied the odds, 99 00:06:27.920 --> 00:06:32.800 who threw themselves into the fray, trusted to their arms 100 00:06:32.839 --> 00:06:34.759 and to their God to save them, and they were 101 00:06:34.800 --> 00:06:38.279 rewarded for it with glory, with honor, and with victory. 102 00:06:38.439 --> 00:06:42.079 And this is a long, long tradition of hero worship. 103 00:06:42.279 --> 00:06:45.199 You have Julius Caesar weeping in front of a bust 104 00:06:45.199 --> 00:06:49.120 of Alexander, I will never be that great, Washington comparing 105 00:06:49.199 --> 00:06:54.480 himself to Cincinnatis Lee comparing himself to Washington. All of 106 00:06:54.519 --> 00:06:57.639 these men looked to the great men of history and 107 00:06:57.720 --> 00:07:03.120 strove to imitate them. Even Christian, of course, or little Christ. Well, 108 00:07:03.120 --> 00:07:06.399 what is that? It is a life of imitation of 109 00:07:06.800 --> 00:07:10.319 the greatest man, the greatest hero, possibly the man who 110 00:07:10.439 --> 00:07:15.600 slew death. This is how humans conceptualize themselves. That story 111 00:07:15.680 --> 00:07:18.720 you tell about yourself, that story you tell about the 112 00:07:18.759 --> 00:07:21.680 men you strive to imitate. It's what we've always done. 113 00:07:22.000 --> 00:07:26.480 It is how we, traditionally speaking, learned. Back when education 114 00:07:26.680 --> 00:07:30.319 meant to anything, we had a truly liberal education. A 115 00:07:30.399 --> 00:07:34.480 large part of it was copying the rhetoric, the speeches, 116 00:07:34.800 --> 00:07:38.720 memorizing them, delivering them of great men. You learned to 117 00:07:38.759 --> 00:07:42.839 be a good rhetorician by memorizing Cato, by understanding how 118 00:07:42.879 --> 00:07:46.399 he used his words. You learned to be a fighter 119 00:07:46.800 --> 00:07:50.600 by looking at the military successes of the greatest generals 120 00:07:50.600 --> 00:07:53.120 the world has ever seen. You learned to be a 121 00:07:53.160 --> 00:07:56.600 saint by copying the lives of the saints. This is 122 00:07:56.639 --> 00:08:00.839 fundamental and this is why these men matter, both because 123 00:08:00.879 --> 00:08:03.800 they are ours, right, they created the world we lived in. 124 00:08:03.879 --> 00:08:06.639 There is a line connecting them to us, but also 125 00:08:06.800 --> 00:08:11.839 because if we are to be better, and unfortunately we must, well, 126 00:08:11.879 --> 00:08:14.720 this is how you do. Thomas Carlyle wrote a book 127 00:08:14.720 --> 00:08:18.639 about this, one of my favorites heroism. Well, shoot, I'll 128 00:08:18.680 --> 00:08:22.160 just look it up on Heroes, hero worship, and the 129 00:08:22.240 --> 00:08:24.959 heroic and history. And in this book, which is where 130 00:08:25.000 --> 00:08:28.079 we get that phrase, the great Man Theory of History, 131 00:08:28.199 --> 00:08:32.600 he tracks seven of these great men, include such disparate 132 00:08:32.679 --> 00:08:37.840 figures as Cromwell, Mohammed, Martin Luther and others. And he 133 00:08:37.919 --> 00:08:41.240 isn't making a sectarian point that you should like Mohammed 134 00:08:41.279 --> 00:08:44.080 and therefore become a Muslim, or you should like Martin 135 00:08:44.120 --> 00:08:47.240 Lutheran become a Lutheran. But what he's saying is each 136 00:08:47.320 --> 00:08:50.320 of these men, at some in some way in their 137 00:08:50.360 --> 00:08:54.000 life had a supreme virtue, a virtue that ought to 138 00:08:54.120 --> 00:08:58.120 be imitated. That by learning about them we can become 139 00:08:58.320 --> 00:09:01.960 like them, We can copy a little bit of their greatness. 140 00:09:02.000 --> 00:09:04.919 And in a time where greatness scenes very distant, when 141 00:09:05.120 --> 00:09:08.639 our heroes seem very dim, and there is a deliberate 142 00:09:08.720 --> 00:09:13.200 desire to recontextualize, to say Alexander was not a great man. 143 00:09:13.360 --> 00:09:17.399 He was simply a homosexual Nepo baby or Napoleon was 144 00:09:17.440 --> 00:09:21.200 simply a simp, right, a man controlled by women. A 145 00:09:21.279 --> 00:09:25.559 desire to focus on the nastiest, most irrelevant, the most 146 00:09:25.919 --> 00:09:28.639 kind of venial aspects of great men, to pull them 147 00:09:28.639 --> 00:09:30.840 into the mud. Well, that ought to be fought against, 148 00:09:31.000 --> 00:09:36.200 because that sort of civilizational acid masquerades is honesty, masquerades 149 00:09:36.240 --> 00:09:39.200 as realism. But what it is is it's poison. It 150 00:09:39.279 --> 00:09:43.639 destroys that line, that history, that narrative we tell about ourselves. 151 00:09:44.080 --> 00:09:47.000 It turns it to dust all of a sudden. You 152 00:09:47.080 --> 00:09:49.399 were not a man in a line, You were not 153 00:09:49.559 --> 00:09:54.919 connected to a tradition, tradition that you owe certain piety to, 154 00:09:55.360 --> 00:09:58.120 that you owe a certain respect to. Well, if they 155 00:09:58.120 --> 00:10:02.799 were all horrible, evil, racist philanderers, I owe them nothing. 156 00:10:03.159 --> 00:10:05.600 They're great victories. Well they're not really so great. It 157 00:10:05.679 --> 00:10:09.639 was simply trends and forces, simply the role of the die. Well, 158 00:10:09.639 --> 00:10:12.720 then I'm not inadequate. There's nothing wrong with me, because 159 00:10:12.759 --> 00:10:17.360 no one is really great. Fundamentally, it is equality, It 160 00:10:17.440 --> 00:10:22.039 is egalitarianism taken to its logical conclusion. It's that Harrish 161 00:10:22.039 --> 00:10:24.440 and de bergeron right. The idea to run around with 162 00:10:24.480 --> 00:10:27.320 a hammer and smash the good looking so they don't 163 00:10:27.320 --> 00:10:31.639 offend the ugly, the idea to put the put the 164 00:10:31.639 --> 00:10:35.440 short unstilts and the tall and no shoots at all, 165 00:10:35.600 --> 00:10:39.200 so that everyone can be exactly the same. And it's 166 00:10:39.320 --> 00:10:42.200 no shock that the people most interested in this project 167 00:10:42.279 --> 00:10:46.559 are the most craven, the most uninteresting, the most villainous, 168 00:10:46.840 --> 00:10:49.399 to use that term in archaic sense. But the modern 169 00:10:49.440 --> 00:10:52.879 works just as well, because there is a sense of inferiority. Well, 170 00:10:52.919 --> 00:10:56.480 why have I not accomplished what Alexander did? Why have 171 00:10:56.559 --> 00:11:00.559 I not accomplished what Richard the Lionheart did? Be something 172 00:11:00.559 --> 00:11:03.480 wrong with me? I can't be broken in some way, 173 00:11:03.759 --> 00:11:06.960 I can't bear any responsibility for the situation I find 174 00:11:06.960 --> 00:11:09.799 myself in. So they must be torn down. This sort 175 00:11:09.840 --> 00:11:12.519 of spite for beauty, the spite for the heroic, we 176 00:11:12.559 --> 00:11:15.600 see echoed again and again and again, and let's be honest, 177 00:11:15.600 --> 00:11:18.879 another part of its civilizational sour grapes. You know, if 178 00:11:19.200 --> 00:11:22.919 your society never invented the wheel, didn't invent a written language, 179 00:11:23.480 --> 00:11:28.200 you could understand the impulse right, the desire to minimize 180 00:11:28.360 --> 00:11:30.840 the great men of history, and I think it's important 181 00:11:31.039 --> 00:11:35.440 to take that attack blunted right, to say no, these 182 00:11:35.480 --> 00:11:39.799 men were honorable, these men were great, They did amazing things, 183 00:11:39.960 --> 00:11:43.879 They were heroes. We ought to emulate them, and also 184 00:11:44.399 --> 00:11:49.480 right to completely and totally demolish this sort of narrative 185 00:11:49.799 --> 00:11:53.720 of eternal synesism, that no man could have done something 186 00:11:53.799 --> 00:11:58.039 dangerous for a principle, no man could have done something dangerous, 187 00:11:58.080 --> 00:12:00.759 gone on an adventure for anything other than the most 188 00:12:00.799 --> 00:12:03.879 base reasons. And I think that's hard for us. It 189 00:12:03.960 --> 00:12:06.879 is we live in a time of merchants, right, a 190 00:12:07.000 --> 00:12:10.480 time where currency were tender, or wealth is seen as 191 00:12:11.080 --> 00:12:13.720 the highest virtue. And to look back into a time 192 00:12:13.799 --> 00:12:17.360 we're sure men were greedy and were venial, men had 193 00:12:17.399 --> 00:12:20.879 their passion, but there was sincere belief. There were men 194 00:12:20.960 --> 00:12:24.960 who knew they were going to their deaths and nonetheless 195 00:12:25.399 --> 00:12:30.000 conducted themselves bravely, because that stirs the spirit of any 196 00:12:30.039 --> 00:12:34.039 man worth is salt right to see someone willingly bearing 197 00:12:34.080 --> 00:12:38.159 great risk, not for their own benefit as mercenaries, but 198 00:12:38.240 --> 00:12:41.759 because they believed they owed something to their tradition, to 199 00:12:41.799 --> 00:12:45.120 their creator, to God itself, which was much higher, much 200 00:12:45.200 --> 00:12:50.120 more important than any kind of personal enrichment. And that's 201 00:12:50.120 --> 00:12:53.519 why I think the Third Crusade is worth discussing. One 202 00:12:53.639 --> 00:12:56.799 because it is one of those narrative turning points, one 203 00:12:56.840 --> 00:13:00.960 of those cracks in the current facidy the current narrative, 204 00:13:01.159 --> 00:13:05.799 but also because it's a great opportunity to witness that 205 00:13:06.000 --> 00:13:09.720 sort of heroism I explained earlier. So without further ado, 206 00:13:10.159 --> 00:13:13.200 I think it's best to start this episode before I 207 00:13:13.240 --> 00:13:15.799 get into it. Of course, this episode is brought to 208 00:13:15.840 --> 00:13:19.960 you by my sponsors and cuns Fox and Sons. Excuse me. 209 00:13:20.240 --> 00:13:24.679 Coffee code Jay Burden. You get I know, fifteen percent, 210 00:13:24.879 --> 00:13:26.919 I think some percent off. I drink it every day. 211 00:13:26.960 --> 00:13:29.240 It's pretty good. The guy who runs it is a friend, 212 00:13:29.559 --> 00:13:31.919 so be sure to check that out. He's my code. 213 00:13:32.039 --> 00:13:35.600 Coffee's good. I try to Ethiopian. I highly recommend it. 214 00:13:35.799 --> 00:13:38.039 And also, as you guys know by now, it's what 215 00:13:38.120 --> 00:13:40.879 I do. You want to support me. It's like twenty 216 00:13:41.200 --> 00:13:43.440 some cents an hour less than that. Now that I'm 217 00:13:43.440 --> 00:13:46.559 doing these monologues, you should check it out. You don't 218 00:13:46.559 --> 00:13:48.720 have to listen to annoying ads. You get the episodes 219 00:13:48.759 --> 00:13:52.639 early and so I appreciate it. Anyway, here's the show 220 00:13:53.120 --> 00:13:56.600 the first obviously, and I realize this is slightly out 221 00:13:57.080 --> 00:13:59.960 out of the scope of what specifically I told you 222 00:14:00.279 --> 00:14:03.639 to research, but if you could quickly, could you provide 223 00:14:03.840 --> 00:14:07.000 a kind of generalized context to the Third Crusade? 224 00:14:07.159 --> 00:14:07.320 Right? 225 00:14:07.360 --> 00:14:10.600 What happens before? How do we get to this conflict? 226 00:14:10.679 --> 00:14:15.879 All right? So excuse me. So there's the Second Crusade, 227 00:14:15.919 --> 00:14:17.919 which I'm not an expert in and we don't have 228 00:14:17.960 --> 00:14:20.879 to go into, but it happened several decades prior to 229 00:14:20.919 --> 00:14:25.159 the Third Crusade. Essentially, after the First Crusade, most everybody 230 00:14:25.159 --> 00:14:28.320 goes home. A handful of people stay and they sort 231 00:14:28.360 --> 00:14:31.519 of create the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Crusader States the 232 00:14:31.600 --> 00:14:35.759 Muslim world over the course of the decades, begins to 233 00:14:35.879 --> 00:14:38.679 sort of unify, take them as a serious threat, and 234 00:14:38.759 --> 00:14:42.559 starts to pressure them some more, eventually leading to the 235 00:14:42.600 --> 00:14:45.720 calling of the Second Crusade, which is, I would say, 236 00:14:46.080 --> 00:14:49.879 to sum it up, a relative failure. Everybody goes home. 237 00:14:49.879 --> 00:14:55.759 From that, the kingdom sort of has increased. Infighting within 238 00:14:55.799 --> 00:14:58.919 the nobles of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Crusader States, 239 00:14:59.240 --> 00:15:03.639 and an priest unifying of the Muslim world, which eventually 240 00:15:03.759 --> 00:15:07.919 unifies for the most part under Saladin. The way that 241 00:15:07.919 --> 00:15:11.919 that happens for the Kingdom of Jerusalem is that Baldwin 242 00:15:12.080 --> 00:15:16.360 fourth is made king, and after he's made king, they 243 00:15:16.759 --> 00:15:20.000 discover he has leprosy, which means that he can't marry, 244 00:15:20.200 --> 00:15:23.879 can't have a legitimate heir, and that he's His condition 245 00:15:24.000 --> 00:15:27.039 worsens pretty quickly, so he realizes he's going to die 246 00:15:27.039 --> 00:15:31.440 pretty soon. So he's trying to find essentially a successor 247 00:15:31.480 --> 00:15:35.279 for himself. He's trying to abdicate. He invites Western lords 248 00:15:35.320 --> 00:15:38.639 to come over and visit the Kingdom of Jerusalem so 249 00:15:38.679 --> 00:15:41.399 he can offer them the kingdom. He would like to abdicate. 250 00:15:41.480 --> 00:15:44.279 He'd like to have an orderly succession. He's just not 251 00:15:44.360 --> 00:15:46.879 able to make it happen. Essentially before he dies. He 252 00:15:47.080 --> 00:15:52.840 of Lusignan, who is originally a knight from Poatu under 253 00:15:52.919 --> 00:15:55.799 Henry the second Richual Lionhardt's father. He ends up getting 254 00:15:55.840 --> 00:15:59.399 exiled from Platu and making his way to Kingdom of Jerusalem, 255 00:15:59.440 --> 00:16:05.679 eventually coming the King of Jerusalem by marrying Baldwin's sister Sibyla. 256 00:16:06.679 --> 00:16:11.320 That's very contentious because he's very unpopular. It kind of 257 00:16:11.320 --> 00:16:17.519 seems like he's somewhat incompetent, although maybe we're in hindsight 258 00:16:17.559 --> 00:16:20.759 we're giving we're a little hard on him. But essentially 259 00:16:20.759 --> 00:16:26.399 that leads to him and the nobles responding to the 260 00:16:26.480 --> 00:16:30.000 increased threat by Saladin, which culminates in the Battle of 261 00:16:30.039 --> 00:16:33.759 Hateen the destruction of the army of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. 262 00:16:34.279 --> 00:16:40.440 What happens then is Saladin starts quickly taking other castles 263 00:16:40.480 --> 00:16:43.840 in the area. So when Saladin had originally invaded, which 264 00:16:43.919 --> 00:16:47.080 led to the calling of the army under Ghee and 265 00:16:47.399 --> 00:16:50.399 the rest of the nobles. Essentially the Crusader states had 266 00:16:50.399 --> 00:16:54.600 survived by having this network of castles, and they would 267 00:16:55.519 --> 00:16:57.320 They didn't really want to fight out in the open 268 00:16:57.360 --> 00:17:01.159 too much. They preferred to travel the castle kind of 269 00:17:01.200 --> 00:17:05.759 maintain their area by using the castles as these sort 270 00:17:05.799 --> 00:17:10.920 of fortifications that the Saracens couldn't They couldn't really breach them, 271 00:17:11.039 --> 00:17:14.920 and they couldn't meet them in open combat close up. 272 00:17:15.160 --> 00:17:20.359 But the Saracen army was mounted archers or mounted light cavalry, 273 00:17:20.480 --> 00:17:23.400 which could skirmish very well, fight them from a distance, 274 00:17:23.559 --> 00:17:26.000 harass them for long periods of time, or if you 275 00:17:26.079 --> 00:17:27.640 caught them out in the open, you could kind of 276 00:17:27.640 --> 00:17:30.599 surround them, and you know, they could surround you and 277 00:17:31.000 --> 00:17:33.559 keep you from supplies and things like that. So essentially 278 00:17:33.599 --> 00:17:36.039 you got into this sort of a rock paper scissors 279 00:17:36.119 --> 00:17:39.880 dynamic which the Crusaders could win in a close quarter fight, 280 00:17:39.960 --> 00:17:42.000 and they could win if they stayed in their castles, 281 00:17:42.039 --> 00:17:43.599 but they didn't want to get caught too far out 282 00:17:43.640 --> 00:17:45.720 in the open. And that's essentially what happened to the 283 00:17:45.720 --> 00:17:48.839 Battle of Hateen. And so Saladin, over the course of 284 00:17:49.079 --> 00:17:53.240 fighting Baldwin and Ghee, sort of develops this strategic idea 285 00:17:53.440 --> 00:17:56.400 of how to essentially lure the Crusaders out into the open, 286 00:17:56.759 --> 00:17:58.960 which he does at a Hiteen and destroys the army. 287 00:18:00.000 --> 00:18:03.599 And now normally the Crusader states had an adequate defense 288 00:18:03.759 --> 00:18:07.240 because they had garrisons of men, but most everybody got 289 00:18:07.240 --> 00:18:10.359 called up into the army, and so when Saladin wins 290 00:18:10.400 --> 00:18:13.759 at the Battle of Hateen, most of the remaining castles 291 00:18:13.799 --> 00:18:16.200 don't have much of a garrison. The problem with that 292 00:18:16.359 --> 00:18:18.799 is that if somebody shows up to besiege your castle, 293 00:18:18.960 --> 00:18:21.640 you're relying on having an adequate number of men to 294 00:18:21.680 --> 00:18:24.039 defend the castle, and you're also relying on what would 295 00:18:24.039 --> 00:18:27.240 happen in previous times is that if Saladin showed up 296 00:18:27.279 --> 00:18:30.559 to besiege one castle, the army would get called up 297 00:18:30.599 --> 00:18:32.759 from garrisons and the remaining castles that would come to 298 00:18:32.799 --> 00:18:34.880 the relief and so then you know, they would be 299 00:18:34.920 --> 00:18:38.400 trying to essentially catch Saladin's army or the besieging army 300 00:18:38.759 --> 00:18:41.400 in between the relief army and the defenders of the castle, 301 00:18:41.400 --> 00:18:43.519 and you know, sandwich them and squash them. But that 302 00:18:43.559 --> 00:18:46.359 doesn't work if you're you know, the remaining castles have 303 00:18:46.440 --> 00:18:48.519 no garrisons, so a lot of the towns, a lot 304 00:18:48.559 --> 00:18:52.519 of the castles essentially surrendered pretty quickly, and Saladin, in 305 00:18:52.599 --> 00:18:55.400 order to take advantage of this, allowed them to surrender 306 00:18:55.440 --> 00:18:57.880 and basically shipped all of them off to the city 307 00:18:57.920 --> 00:18:59.519 of Tire, which is sort of in the very north 308 00:18:59.519 --> 00:19:02.160 of the King of Jerusalem. So he's going through and 309 00:19:02.279 --> 00:19:05.920 essentially capturing all these castles and just shipping everybody off, 310 00:19:05.960 --> 00:19:07.880 you know, to make a quick deal. He's shipping everybody 311 00:19:07.880 --> 00:19:10.559 off to the city of Tire. Conrad of Montfarat shows 312 00:19:10.599 --> 00:19:12.200 up at the City of Tire kind of at the 313 00:19:12.240 --> 00:19:15.160 same time as Saladin has captured everything except for the 314 00:19:15.200 --> 00:19:18.839 city of Tire, and Conrad of Montfarat is not about 315 00:19:18.839 --> 00:19:20.839 to let him take the city of Tire and mounts 316 00:19:20.839 --> 00:19:24.599 a very stout defense. So Saladin he ends up having 317 00:19:24.640 --> 00:19:26.880 some internal politics to go take care of, so he 318 00:19:26.920 --> 00:19:28.400 kind of just leaves the city of Tire for the 319 00:19:28.400 --> 00:19:31.440 time being. Gi of lusin On shows up again after 320 00:19:31.480 --> 00:19:34.759 being defeated, captured, imprisoned, and released to the city of 321 00:19:34.799 --> 00:19:37.359 Tire and you know, and says, hey, I'm the rifle 322 00:19:37.440 --> 00:19:39.359 King of Jerusalem when you let me in. But Conrad 323 00:19:39.400 --> 00:19:41.359 of Montferat is not having any of that either and 324 00:19:41.400 --> 00:19:44.039 doesn't let him in. So Ghi of Lusignan takes his 325 00:19:44.160 --> 00:19:47.680 followers and decides that he really doesn't have many other options. 326 00:19:47.680 --> 00:19:49.559 He's just going to go besiege the city of Acre, 327 00:19:49.960 --> 00:19:52.400 and so he marches down the coast with I guess 328 00:19:52.400 --> 00:19:55.039 a few hundred people or maybe a thousand, something like this, 329 00:19:55.559 --> 00:19:58.799 and just starts besieging the city of Acre, which Saladin 330 00:19:58.920 --> 00:20:02.440 sort of doesn't treat very seriously at the beginning. But 331 00:20:02.640 --> 00:20:05.559 this sort of beachhead in the city of Tire and 332 00:20:05.599 --> 00:20:08.920 then gee sort of beginning the siege of Acre is 333 00:20:09.039 --> 00:20:12.359 what begins the whole thing, and the Siege of Acre 334 00:20:12.480 --> 00:20:20.000 is one of the largest, most culturally diverse sieges in 335 00:20:20.079 --> 00:20:23.599 medieval history, ends up going on for I believe, almost 336 00:20:23.599 --> 00:20:28.559 about three years and attracts princess nobles from all over 337 00:20:28.599 --> 00:20:32.599 Western Europe and of course many throughout the Muslim world 338 00:20:32.640 --> 00:20:35.480 as well, and so that ends up developing into sort 339 00:20:35.480 --> 00:20:37.880 of one of the key the starting point and one 340 00:20:37.920 --> 00:20:39.960 of the key features of the Third Crusade. 341 00:20:40.319 --> 00:20:44.680 So you've done a masterful job of setting the stage 342 00:20:44.960 --> 00:20:49.000 right for the Third Crusade. So as far as I understand, 343 00:20:49.039 --> 00:20:52.759 and I'm not an expert in this, but we see 344 00:20:53.079 --> 00:20:57.160 just before the Third Crusade is launched a cessation of 345 00:20:57.359 --> 00:21:02.359 hostilities between England and France correct at least temporarily, and 346 00:21:02.400 --> 00:21:05.680 then both of those men, so I can see I've 347 00:21:05.680 --> 00:21:08.279 got that partially wrong. I'm curious what happens there, right, 348 00:21:08.319 --> 00:21:11.599 because we have the respective monarchs of two warring nations. 349 00:21:12.079 --> 00:21:15.920 Well, so I wouldn't say that they were at war. 350 00:21:16.880 --> 00:21:20.759 There's a very complicated relationship between England and France at 351 00:21:20.799 --> 00:21:24.240 that time, and England should be really described more as 352 00:21:24.279 --> 00:21:29.000 the Antelin Empire because it began with Henry the Second, 353 00:21:29.000 --> 00:21:32.920 which is Richard Lionheart's father, and he ends up inheriting 354 00:21:33.680 --> 00:21:41.839 Normandy and Anjou and not Platsu. That's that's part of 355 00:21:41.839 --> 00:21:45.480 his mother's Aquitaine. He marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, so he 356 00:21:45.519 --> 00:21:51.039 inherits Aquitaine, and he inherits England from his mother, so 357 00:21:51.960 --> 00:21:54.920 England and Normany from his mother Andrew from his father, 358 00:21:55.160 --> 00:21:58.160 and then he marries Eleanor and gets aquitained, so he 359 00:21:58.599 --> 00:22:02.799 actually control a huge area, actually way more than the 360 00:22:02.880 --> 00:22:06.680 King of France. So he's technically the King of England 361 00:22:06.839 --> 00:22:08.759 and a vassal of the King of France at the 362 00:22:08.759 --> 00:22:14.279 same time, which causes the King of France to I'm 363 00:22:14.720 --> 00:22:18.680 I'm a Plantagenet fan, if you will, a fan of 364 00:22:19.240 --> 00:22:22.759 you know, Henry and Richards. So you know, you could 365 00:22:22.759 --> 00:22:24.839 take what I say on this with a grain of salt, 366 00:22:24.920 --> 00:22:28.319 but it triggers, in my opinion, some real insecurities in 367 00:22:28.359 --> 00:22:32.200 the King of France. Who is louis the always mix 368 00:22:32.279 --> 00:22:36.119 these guys up seventh Phillip the Second's father, I believe 369 00:22:36.920 --> 00:22:42.880 sixth or seventh, And basically it starts this. It's not 370 00:22:42.960 --> 00:22:46.240 really a war so much as they're sort of the 371 00:22:46.640 --> 00:22:49.279 King of France is always sort of trying to use 372 00:22:49.480 --> 00:22:54.599 his royal power to take an edge off of, you know, 373 00:22:54.640 --> 00:22:57.799 the Plantagenet ruler. And at the same time, the Plantagenet 374 00:22:57.880 --> 00:23:02.480 ruler sort of can't. He can't handle he can't tolerate 375 00:23:02.519 --> 00:23:05.240 any sort of disrespect or lack of status in his 376 00:23:05.279 --> 00:23:07.240 own right. You know, he's a king in his own right. 377 00:23:07.920 --> 00:23:11.400 So they sort of have this bickering. I suppose maybe 378 00:23:11.440 --> 00:23:15.079 you could call it. It doesn't quite until the end 379 00:23:15.079 --> 00:23:17.359 of Richard's reign. It doesn't quite erupt into what I 380 00:23:17.359 --> 00:23:19.240 would say is like a full blown war, but there 381 00:23:19.680 --> 00:23:22.400 it's very contentious, I would say. So. 382 00:23:23.039 --> 00:23:27.000 Also, we have the death of a pope, correct, we 383 00:23:27.039 --> 00:23:31.640 have Urban the third dies in late eleven eighty seven, 384 00:23:32.000 --> 00:23:35.240 and the new Pope, Gregory the eighth, as far as 385 00:23:35.240 --> 00:23:38.799 I understand, puts out a proclamation basically sort of beating 386 00:23:38.839 --> 00:23:42.480 the war drums. So I'm not at all to say 387 00:23:42.519 --> 00:23:44.920 I'm not an expert on medieval history as an understatement. 388 00:23:45.279 --> 00:23:48.799 Even that being said, I know less about twelfth century 389 00:23:48.799 --> 00:23:51.920 Catholic politics than I do about the Middle Ages writ large. 390 00:23:52.400 --> 00:23:55.759 So if you could, could you explain what was the 391 00:23:56.599 --> 00:24:00.519 how did Rome view these the Crusades r What were 392 00:24:00.519 --> 00:24:02.400 they sort of striving to get out of them? Was 393 00:24:02.400 --> 00:24:05.880 it genuine piety and interest in reclaiming the Holy land? 394 00:24:06.000 --> 00:24:08.559 Or was there were there other reasons that this was 395 00:24:08.799 --> 00:24:10.200 sort of what you did at the time. 396 00:24:10.559 --> 00:24:14.440 Well, there's a lot of theories, I suppose, and I 397 00:24:14.440 --> 00:24:16.920 think this is maybe a good time to mention that 398 00:24:17.200 --> 00:24:19.960 in talking about medieval history in particular, but I think 399 00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:23.000 probably any historical period, you kind of have to be 400 00:24:23.000 --> 00:24:27.279 able to hold these figures and their lives and motivations 401 00:24:27.400 --> 00:24:31.720