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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Andrew Davis.

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<v Speaker 2>And I'm Megan Nolette. Spotlight uses a special English method

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<v Speaker 2>of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no

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<v Speaker 2>matter where in the world they live.

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<v Speaker 1>A small woman bows. She stands opposite a man. He

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<v Speaker 1>is much larger than she is. They both stand on

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<v Speaker 1>a large square mat. The woman wears a white shirt

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<v Speaker 1>and white trousers. She has a red belt around her waist.

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<v Speaker 1>The man steps towards her and holds her wrist. The

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<v Speaker 1>small woman moves her body quickly. The man lands on

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<v Speaker 1>the mat on his back. Up again, the woman flips

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<v Speaker 1>him over onto the floor. How can such a small

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<v Speaker 1>woman do this?

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<v Speaker 2>This woman is an expert in judo. Judo is a

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<v Speaker 2>martial art. It is a structured kind of fighting. People

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<v Speaker 2>practice these styles of fighting as an art form. This

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<v Speaker 2>little woman is one of the most famous judo experts.

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<v Speaker 2>She is a sense a master teacher. Today's Spotlight is

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<v Speaker 2>on sense kaiko fukuda.

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<v Speaker 1>Judo began in Japan. It is a combat sport. In

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<v Speaker 1>these sports, two people usually compete against each other. They

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<v Speaker 1>take turns attacking and defending. But in judo people do

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<v Speaker 1>not use violence. To win. Judo is based on using

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<v Speaker 1>an attacker's violence against themselves. Experts in judo train for

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<v Speaker 1>many years to learn to do this. They use special

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<v Speaker 1>moves to throw opponents to the ground, and they also

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<v Speaker 1>have to learn how to fall without getting hurt.

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<v Speaker 2>Keiko Fukuda's family was very important in martial arts. Her

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<v Speaker 2>grandfather taught a different sport called jiujutsu. One of his

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<v Speaker 2>students was a man named Jigoro Kano. In eighteen eighty two,

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<v Speaker 2>Kano created a new form of martial art from jujitsu.

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<v Speaker 2>He named it judo. This means the gentle way in Japanese.

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<v Speaker 1>The main idea of judo was that gentleness can control strength.

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<v Speaker 1>Judo teaches that people can use less effort to get

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<v Speaker 1>a greater result. Jigoro can wrote a book about judo.

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<v Speaker 1>In it, he describes judo this way.

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<v Speaker 3>Using force against a more powerful opponent will result in

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<v Speaker 3>your defeat, but moving and avoiding your opponent attack will

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<v Speaker 3>cause him to lose his balance. Then his power will

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<v Speaker 3>be reduced and you will defeat him. This can apply

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<v Speaker 3>even with differences in power, so it is possible for

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<v Speaker 3>weaker people to beat much stronger ones.

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<v Speaker 2>Kano's ideas were not just about combat. He believed practicing

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<v Speaker 2>judo would focus a person's mind and body. A person

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<v Speaker 2>could become skilled practicing judo, but they would also become

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<v Speaker 2>a better person through its discipline. Judo's final goal is

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<v Speaker 2>to improve society by improving its people.

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<v Speaker 1>Being good at judo depends on skill and training. A

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<v Speaker 1>person's size is not important. This was very good for Kiko.

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<v Speaker 1>For Kuda, she was only one hundred and twenty five

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<v Speaker 1>centimeters tall and she only weighed about forty five kilograms,

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<v Speaker 1>but she became the most famous female judo expert in

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<v Speaker 1>the world.

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<v Speaker 2>Fukuda began her judo training in nineteen thirty four. At

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<v Speaker 2>that time, Jigoro Kano started a new judo school for women.

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<v Speaker 2>Fukuda explained what happened in the documentary film Missus Judo.

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<v Speaker 4>I was twenty one years old at this time. Maws

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<v Speaker 4>Kano said to me, we have a new women judo section,

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<v Speaker 4>therefore please come. When I had that, there was nothing

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<v Speaker 4>left to a question.

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<v Speaker 1>Judo soon became the most important part of for Kuda's life.

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<v Speaker 1>She practiced judo through many difficulties. At the time, Japan

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<v Speaker 1>was fighting in World War II, Tokyo was very dangerous.

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<v Speaker 1>Bombs often fell throughout the city. But for Kuda was

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<v Speaker 1>determined to learn. She traveled across Tokyo every day to

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<v Speaker 1>practice and teach judo.

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<v Speaker 2>Fukuda gave up many things to do judo. She even

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<v Speaker 2>chose not to have a husband and family. Fukuda knew

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<v Speaker 2>that without a husband people would not give her as

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<v Speaker 2>much respect. But she also knew that she could not

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<v Speaker 2>do judo if she had a husband, so she made

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<v Speaker 2>a very difficult choice. She said in an interview on

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<v Speaker 2>judoinfo dot com.

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<v Speaker 4>Judo is my lifetime partner. Judo is my family. Anyway

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<v Speaker 4>I go, students are very nice to me. I have

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<v Speaker 4>family all over the world.

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<v Speaker 1>There were also other difficulties for women in judo. For

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<v Speaker 1>many years, women could not move up to the higher

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<v Speaker 1>levels of judo. Judo levels are called dans. Students wear

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<v Speaker 1>different colored cloth belts around their waists. Each color represents

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<v Speaker 1>for a different level of ability.

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<v Speaker 2>The highest level belt color is black. There are ten

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<v Speaker 2>degrees or dans. In the black belt. Very few people

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<v Speaker 2>reach the tenth level. Less than forty people have achieved

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<v Speaker 2>this rank. To be a tenth day, a person must

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<v Speaker 2>do more than be good in judo skills, they must

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<v Speaker 2>give something to the art form of judo. This could

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<v Speaker 2>be teaching students or writing a book.

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<v Speaker 1>When Fakuda was training, the Judo Institute had some different

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<v Speaker 1>rules for women. Women could not go higher than the

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<v Speaker 1>fifth dan. By this time, Kiko for Kuda was one

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<v Speaker 1>of the greatest experts in judo. She knew it was

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<v Speaker 1>not fair that she could not move to a higher dan,

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<v Speaker 1>but Fakuda continued to practice judo. She became a sense

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<v Speaker 1>a master teacher. She wrote books and taught around the world.

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<v Speaker 2>In nineteen sixty six, Fukuda was in California in the

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<v Speaker 2>United States. People at Mills College saw her judo demistration

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<v Speaker 2>and they quickly offered her a teaching job. Fukuda took

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<v Speaker 2>this position and moved to the US. Later, she opened

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<v Speaker 2>her own judo school in California. Fukuda taught there for

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<v Speaker 2>over forty years. She encouraged people who did judo. She

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<v Speaker 2>especially inspired young women. Fukuda also continued to travel around

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<v Speaker 2>the world. She did this even when she grew older.

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<v Speaker 2>In the film Missus Judo, Fukuda told this story.

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<v Speaker 4>I went to France to teach judo. People gave us

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<v Speaker 4>from all over the country, but I heard they were

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<v Speaker 4>not sure about what a navy old woman could offer.

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<v Speaker 4>Dave became sure when I showed them all forty throwing techniques.

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<v Speaker 1>Fakuda sense also led a movement for women in judo.

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<v Speaker 1>They wanted to be able to reach the higher dans.

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<v Speaker 1>In nineteen seventy four, the Judo Institute changed the rules.

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<v Speaker 1>Now women had no limits in judo. Over time, for

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<v Speaker 1>Kuda moved up to the ninth Dan. Then, in twenty eleven,

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<v Speaker 1>for Kuda's dream came true. USA Judo awarded her the

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<v Speaker 1>tenth Dan. She was ninety eight years old.

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<v Speaker 2>For many years, she continued to teach judo three times

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<v Speaker 2>each week, host an annual judo competition, and teach at

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<v Speaker 2>the Joshi Judo Camp until her death at age ninety nine.

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<v Speaker 2>She lived with her personal motto, well, be strong, be gentle,

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<v Speaker 2>be beautiful in mind, body and spirit.

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<v Speaker 1>Do you practice martial arts? Have you seen people practice judo?

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<v Speaker 1>You can leave a comment on our website at www

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<v Speaker 1>dot Spotlight English dot com. You can also find us

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<v Speaker 1>on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter and x.

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<v Speaker 2>The writers of this program were Rina dam and Dan Chrisman.

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<v Speaker 2>The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were

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<v Speaker 2>from the United Kingdom and the United States. All quotes

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<v Speaker 2>were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. This

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<v Speaker 2>program is called Fukuda Sense Strong and Gentle.

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<v Speaker 1>You can also get our programs delivered directly to your

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<v Speaker 1>Android or Apple device through our free official Spotlight English app.

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<v Speaker 1>We hope you can join us again for the next

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<v Speaker 1>Spotlight program. Goodbye Dull Day through Time