WEBVTT 1 00:00:08.320 --> 00:00:10.759 Hello, and welcome to Mythic Mind, where we produe wisdom 2 00:00:10.759 --> 00:00:13.839 in the past between primary secondary world. I'm Andrew Snyder, 3 00:00:13.960 --> 00:00:28.800 and I'm glad that you're here. Hey, there, everyone, Andrew 4 00:00:28.839 --> 00:00:32.439 here Today, I'm going to provide you with the introductory 5 00:00:32.640 --> 00:00:36.719 course video and the first grammar lesson for Hannah Gildmore's 6 00:00:36.759 --> 00:00:40.920 introductory Latin course. Already. I'm really excited about this course. 7 00:00:41.079 --> 00:00:42.840 It just started, but there's still plenty of room for 8 00:00:42.880 --> 00:00:45.280 you to enroll. I think that you're gonna be able 9 00:00:45.280 --> 00:00:48.719 to see from this, uh this introductory content, that this 10 00:00:48.759 --> 00:00:51.920 is gonna be a very worthwhile course. And I just 11 00:00:51.960 --> 00:00:53.640 I love all that we have going on in Mythic 12 00:00:53.679 --> 00:00:57.399 Mind right now. We've got the Augustine's Confessions, We've got 13 00:00:58.399 --> 00:01:02.320 Josh's Paradise Lost, You've got my philosophy course, got Hanna's 14 00:01:02.359 --> 00:01:06.319 Latin course, and we just have a very classically oriented 15 00:01:06.959 --> 00:01:09.400 ensemble coming together here. And I really hope that you'll 16 00:01:09.400 --> 00:01:10.959 be able to partake in at least some of this, 17 00:01:11.040 --> 00:01:13.040 if not even all of it, as I know some 18 00:01:13.079 --> 00:01:15.359 of you are. And I love that. I love that 19 00:01:15.359 --> 00:01:18.200 we're able to do all these amazing things together that 20 00:01:18.239 --> 00:01:21.519 Mythic Mind is working on now. In particular, I really 21 00:01:21.560 --> 00:01:25.840 want to encourage you, like, if your interest is piqued 22 00:01:25.879 --> 00:01:28.879 by this Latin content that's coming up here, then go 23 00:01:28.920 --> 00:01:30.879 ahead and roll in the course. You know, maybe you 24 00:01:30.959 --> 00:01:33.920 have the opportunity to move with us live through this 25 00:01:33.959 --> 00:01:36.400 twelve week study, or maybe you just want to have 26 00:01:36.480 --> 00:01:40.319 these resources available to go at your own pace. Go 27 00:01:40.519 --> 00:01:42.519 enroll in Hannah's course. You can find the link in 28 00:01:42.560 --> 00:01:45.079 the show notes here. And also if you're a Mythic 29 00:01:45.079 --> 00:01:47.519 Mind patron, then you can get half off that price 30 00:01:48.359 --> 00:01:52.120 and you can find the recent post on Patreon to 31 00:01:52.120 --> 00:01:55.000 get that patron discount. And if you don't know where 32 00:01:55.000 --> 00:01:56.280 to find that, then just send me a message on 33 00:01:56.400 --> 00:01:58.760 make sure that you get it. But for now, let's 34 00:01:58.760 --> 00:02:01.159 go ahead and jump right into is content again. This 35 00:02:01.200 --> 00:02:04.519 is her introductory course video as well as her first 36 00:02:04.560 --> 00:02:06.799 Grammar lesson, and so let's go ahead and get to it. 37 00:02:07.719 --> 00:02:10.840 So I'll wait too on this or hello everyone, I 38 00:02:10.840 --> 00:02:13.199 wanted to give an introductory video to the course so 39 00:02:13.240 --> 00:02:15.039 that you can go ahead and know what to expect 40 00:02:15.080 --> 00:02:18.439 each week of the course for these next twelve weeks. 41 00:02:18.520 --> 00:02:20.560 And also I'm going to be posting this on Patreon, 42 00:02:20.680 --> 00:02:22.639 so to those on Patreon. This is going to be 43 00:02:22.680 --> 00:02:25.080 a little sneak peak of what the Mythic Mind Intucty 44 00:02:25.159 --> 00:02:27.719 Latin course will look like from week to week. So 45 00:02:27.840 --> 00:02:29.919 up here you can see I have posted some resources. 46 00:02:30.080 --> 00:02:33.560 There will be more posted eventually, but we have vocabulary 47 00:02:33.599 --> 00:02:38.039 resources and vocabulary request form speak and request vocabulary. There 48 00:02:38.039 --> 00:02:40.319 will be to clension songs and other resources as well. 49 00:02:41.240 --> 00:02:43.159 And then in addition to the Google classroom which I'm 50 00:02:43.159 --> 00:02:45.360 showing you guys right now, there will obviously be the 51 00:02:45.439 --> 00:02:48.520 discord chat and the live meetings which tentatively will be 52 00:02:48.599 --> 00:02:52.199 on Tuesday nights from at nine pm. However, that could 53 00:02:52.280 --> 00:02:54.879 change depending on how people in the class are available, 54 00:02:55.199 --> 00:02:59.280 so just be aware of that. Okay, So let's a 55 00:02:59.319 --> 00:03:02.199 good lesson lessons a little shorter because there's less to do. 56 00:03:02.879 --> 00:03:05.280 You won't know enough to be able to read a 57 00:03:05.319 --> 00:03:09.000 story yet or to do certain things such as that. 58 00:03:09.120 --> 00:03:11.719 So let's actually look at what all the lessons will 59 00:03:11.719 --> 00:03:13.879 look like going forwards. This will be lessened to onward. 60 00:03:14.520 --> 00:03:17.680 So each week you're going to start with the grammar presentation, 61 00:03:19.080 --> 00:03:23.360 So I'll have linked both the actual video and I'll 62 00:03:23.360 --> 00:03:27.520 have linked the actual presentation so you can go through. So, 63 00:03:27.560 --> 00:03:32.159 for example, here's the presentation for this lesson. Steal away, 64 00:03:32.199 --> 00:03:38.639 Tam Niece and welcome to introductory Latin. Okay. Next there'll 65 00:03:38.680 --> 00:03:44.280 be the lesson vocabulary, so there will be two videos. 66 00:03:44.280 --> 00:03:46.520 There'll be a video going through the regular vocabulary list 67 00:03:46.520 --> 00:03:49.360 and a video going through the bonus vocabulary list. And 68 00:03:49.400 --> 00:03:52.080 then I'll actually have PDFs of each of those uploaded, 69 00:03:52.080 --> 00:03:53.919 which you can see here. And then I'll also have 70 00:03:54.000 --> 00:03:56.680 linked to the quizlet sets for the class, which i'll 71 00:03:56.680 --> 00:04:00.159 show you guys at the end of this video. Then 72 00:04:00.280 --> 00:04:02.680 I'll have cheat sheets on any grammar concepts that were discussed. 73 00:04:02.719 --> 00:04:04.800 So this lesson we're talking about present tense verbs, so 74 00:04:04.840 --> 00:04:08.159 I have this cheat sheet right here. There we go, 75 00:04:09.280 --> 00:04:12.120 so it'll provide basic information about how to do things 76 00:04:14.479 --> 00:04:15.919 that way. If you don't want to take notes, or 77 00:04:15.919 --> 00:04:19.199 if you want better notes, then you can use that. 78 00:04:20.439 --> 00:04:23.519 There will be independent practice, So for this week, I 79 00:04:23.560 --> 00:04:28.639 have three four different independent practice assignments and they each 80 00:04:28.680 --> 00:04:30.560 have answer keys. The only thing that doesn't have an 81 00:04:30.560 --> 00:04:34.600 answer key is this assignment right here. This is the 82 00:04:34.639 --> 00:04:38.319 present tense active conjugation self checking assignment. So for verbs, 83 00:04:38.319 --> 00:04:42.639 I'll often have these self checking spreadsheets, and essentially I'm 84 00:04:42.639 --> 00:04:44.480 not going to pread an answer key because if you 85 00:04:44.519 --> 00:04:49.240 type in the right answer, the box turns green. So 86 00:04:49.279 --> 00:04:53.920 there's that. So then you'll work through the practice and 87 00:04:53.920 --> 00:04:57.759 answer keys, which is independent. I'll actually show you an 88 00:04:57.800 --> 00:05:00.439 independent assignment as well. I'll show you any for Kiev. 89 00:05:01.399 --> 00:05:10.319 So for example, we have conjugation practice. Then we have 90 00:05:10.360 --> 00:05:12.399 the weekly homework. This is an assignment that I'll actually 91 00:05:12.399 --> 00:05:14.879 provide feedback on if you complete it. So for example, 92 00:05:14.920 --> 00:05:18.399 here's our lesson to homework. It's about two pages on 93 00:05:18.480 --> 00:05:20.879 average each week. I try to make it a balance 94 00:05:20.920 --> 00:05:23.319 between covering all the grammar concepts but also not being 95 00:05:23.360 --> 00:05:28.279 too much that people couldn't do. Each week, you'll also 96 00:05:28.319 --> 00:05:31.079 have story translation, so there will be a video of 97 00:05:31.399 --> 00:05:34.519 a story either that I've written initially, and then it'll 98 00:05:34.519 --> 00:05:39.040 also be something that eventually, hopefully will be pulled from 99 00:05:39.040 --> 00:05:44.319 actual authentic authors once you guys get advanced enough. Oh okay, 100 00:05:44.800 --> 00:05:46.839 and I'll also link a PDF of this story with 101 00:05:46.879 --> 00:05:50.720 footnotes for undon vocabulary words. Then there'll be the history 102 00:05:50.800 --> 00:05:54.160 or culture presentation. So for this week it's the Roman household. 103 00:05:55.360 --> 00:06:00.839 So you can go through this presentation. Let's see if 104 00:06:00.839 --> 00:06:04.720 I skip ahead. Will it show different things, Yes, it 105 00:06:04.759 --> 00:06:10.040 will awesome. So this is a really great part of 106 00:06:10.040 --> 00:06:12.839 a class I'm really looking forward to is getting to 107 00:06:12.879 --> 00:06:15.040 talk about aspects of Roman history and culture. So for 108 00:06:15.079 --> 00:06:17.439 this week it's the Roman household, so it'll be talking 109 00:06:17.480 --> 00:06:19.480 about roles in the Roman family, but then also the 110 00:06:19.519 --> 00:06:21.839 actual design of the house of itself, and then we 111 00:06:21.920 --> 00:06:24.720 have the weekly project last of all, So in this 112 00:06:24.800 --> 00:06:31.160 week it's a designer Roman home project. So since people 113 00:06:31.160 --> 00:06:32.560 in the course will not be able to write full 114 00:06:32.560 --> 00:06:36.040 sentences yet at this point in the course, the project 115 00:06:36.040 --> 00:06:38.560 is more of a craft type project. However, later on, 116 00:06:38.639 --> 00:06:42.160 for example, in Lesson three and lesson four, we see 117 00:06:42.759 --> 00:06:45.959 actual writing. For example, this is a mayaf Amilia paragraph, 118 00:06:46.519 --> 00:06:50.839 writing a paragraph about your family, and I have instructions 119 00:06:50.879 --> 00:06:53.480 and examples for that. So that's what a week will 120 00:06:53.480 --> 00:06:56.800 look like on average. Looking like lesson too, you'll see 121 00:06:56.800 --> 00:07:00.360 that week one there is not a weekly story. There's 122 00:07:00.399 --> 00:07:11.040 not there's not any additional practice, and there isn't a 123 00:07:11.439 --> 00:07:13.800 project the first week. Your project the first week is 124 00:07:13.839 --> 00:07:16.560 to watch this video to get connected with the community 125 00:07:16.600 --> 00:07:18.360 and check out some of these resources which you'll have 126 00:07:18.480 --> 00:07:21.279 up here, just to show you the quizlets. I'm still 127 00:07:21.319 --> 00:07:23.759 creating them for the bonus vocabulary, but I have them 128 00:07:23.800 --> 00:07:26.879 created for all the regular sets, and I also have 129 00:07:28.000 --> 00:07:34.560 a full set created for all the vocabulary regular vocabulary, 130 00:07:34.600 --> 00:07:36.160 and then you can just click these. It's like digital 131 00:07:36.199 --> 00:07:39.199 flash cards, and there's also games you can play. So 132 00:07:39.240 --> 00:07:40.920 that's just an overview what the course will look like 133 00:07:40.959 --> 00:07:43.959 from week to week. That's what you can expect from 134 00:07:44.000 --> 00:07:46.560 each week in about this order, and I recommend you 135 00:07:46.560 --> 00:07:49.160 start with the grammar presentation and then do the vocabulary. 136 00:07:49.720 --> 00:07:53.040 Then I recommend taking a look at the cheat sheet 137 00:07:53.079 --> 00:07:55.240 and the practice and working through those if you have time, 138 00:07:55.519 --> 00:07:59.279 then doing the homework. You can also do the story 139 00:07:59.279 --> 00:08:02.160 translation a point after you've done the lesson in the vocabulary, 140 00:08:02.319 --> 00:08:03.839 but it is kind of helpful to do it after 141 00:08:03.879 --> 00:08:06.040 you really let some of that those concepts sink in 142 00:08:06.240 --> 00:08:08.680 so you'll be able to understand the story better. And 143 00:08:08.720 --> 00:08:11.399 then you can do also the present culture and history 144 00:08:11.439 --> 00:08:14.279 presentations and the projects whenever you have the time. These 145 00:08:14.279 --> 00:08:17.279 are more supplementary things. So taking out of the order 146 00:08:17.319 --> 00:08:18.800 that I have been listed, make sure you do the 147 00:08:18.800 --> 00:08:21.879 grammar presentation vocabulary first, and then make sure you do 148 00:08:21.959 --> 00:08:24.160 the homework. If you can. That's something that I'll provide 149 00:08:24.160 --> 00:08:27.079 actual feedback on. All right, I hope that this has 150 00:08:27.120 --> 00:08:28.759 been a helpful sneak peek at what the course will 151 00:08:28.759 --> 00:08:30.839 look like in the future. I'm still adding things to 152 00:08:30.879 --> 00:08:33.960 later lessons right now, but so far lessons one through 153 00:08:34.000 --> 00:08:36.360 three are fully completed, so you can already start working 154 00:08:36.360 --> 00:08:43.120 through them now. While salawe tam Nace and welcome to 155 00:08:44.240 --> 00:08:47.720 our first grammar presentation for the Mythic Mind Introductory Latin Course. 156 00:08:48.159 --> 00:08:52.320 Today we'll be talking about inflection, nouns and nominative subject 157 00:08:52.960 --> 00:08:55.080 And for those of you who are already familiar with 158 00:08:55.440 --> 00:08:59.159 learning languages, especially Romance languages or other inflected languages, this 159 00:08:59.240 --> 00:09:00.840 may be a lot of you for you, and this 160 00:09:00.919 --> 00:09:03.919 first week or two may feel very slow. For those 161 00:09:03.960 --> 00:09:07.720 of you who are unfamiliar with these languages or just 162 00:09:07.960 --> 00:09:11.200 native English speakers, this could be quite difficult, and these 163 00:09:11.200 --> 00:09:13.480 could be the hardest speaks of the course. So I've 164 00:09:13.480 --> 00:09:15.679 tried to come up with a balanced pace. We're going 165 00:09:15.720 --> 00:09:17.960 to be taking it slow these first few weeks and 166 00:09:18.000 --> 00:09:22.559 really building up these foundational grammar concepts, So wherever you're at, 167 00:09:22.879 --> 00:09:26.440 just know that it'll all be a pill from here 168 00:09:27.240 --> 00:09:28.960 but we had to take things slow and steady at 169 00:09:29.000 --> 00:09:31.080 first to really make sure that we're building all our 170 00:09:31.120 --> 00:09:34.759 Latin skills on a firm foundation without further ado. Let's 171 00:09:34.759 --> 00:09:41.279 get into it. The first and essential thing that you 172 00:09:41.279 --> 00:09:44.600 need to know about Latin is that it's an inflected language. 173 00:09:45.440 --> 00:09:47.919 This means that the words in Latin sentence could be 174 00:09:47.919 --> 00:09:51.679 in almost any order and still make grammatical sense. English 175 00:09:51.919 --> 00:09:56.519 is not an inflected language. English follows a grammatical order 176 00:09:56.559 --> 00:10:01.519 to its sentences. Usually it's subject verb direct object, which 177 00:10:01.519 --> 00:10:03.919 is the noun receiving the action. For example, in the 178 00:10:03.960 --> 00:10:07.759 sentence the dog chased the cat, the dog is our subject, 179 00:10:07.799 --> 00:10:11.080 it comes first, Chased is our verb, and the cat 180 00:10:11.159 --> 00:10:13.720 is the direct object. It's what's being chased. It's what's 181 00:10:13.759 --> 00:10:16.399 receiving the action. If we change the order of the 182 00:10:16.399 --> 00:10:18.960 sentence a little bit, let's say we put it as 183 00:10:19.360 --> 00:10:22.360 the cat chase the dog, the meaning of the sentence 184 00:10:22.440 --> 00:10:25.840 changes completely because now the cat is the subject, chased 185 00:10:25.919 --> 00:10:28.159 is the verb still, and the dog is the what 186 00:10:28.320 --> 00:10:31.799 is receiving the action, it's what's being chased. What if 187 00:10:31.799 --> 00:10:34.840 we put chased first, chased the dog the cat, Well, 188 00:10:34.879 --> 00:10:36.440 now we don't know what our subject and what our 189 00:10:36.440 --> 00:10:39.799 direct object are or the same thing with the dog 190 00:10:39.879 --> 00:10:43.279 the cat chased. Once again, it's ambiguous, so English is 191 00:10:43.320 --> 00:10:48.440 not inflected. Latin, however, is inflected. Let's look at a 192 00:10:48.440 --> 00:10:54.279 sample sentence, Hanness fugawit phelim the dog chased the cat. 193 00:10:54.399 --> 00:10:57.240 So Conness is dog, phelim is cat, and fuga it 194 00:10:57.360 --> 00:11:00.799 is chased. Okay, what if we shu bet around. What 195 00:11:00.840 --> 00:11:03.200 if we said connis falem fugawic and if we look 196 00:11:03.240 --> 00:11:05.240 at the order of his words, that's the word for dog, 197 00:11:05.639 --> 00:11:10.360 the word for cat and chased dog cat chased. Guess what, 198 00:11:10.720 --> 00:11:14.240 it still translates as the dog chased the cat. What 199 00:11:14.320 --> 00:11:19.759 about failam connus chased cat dog? It still translates to 200 00:11:20.039 --> 00:11:23.120 the dog chase the cat. Okay, okay, what if we 201 00:11:23.200 --> 00:11:27.720 just completely swapped dog and cat and put falem connus 202 00:11:27.960 --> 00:11:31.919 cat chased dog. It still translates to the dog chase 203 00:11:32.000 --> 00:11:35.440 the cat. This is because Latin is an inflected language, 204 00:11:35.879 --> 00:11:40.200 which means that the order of anatom sentence is irrelevant. 205 00:11:40.240 --> 00:11:42.799 It's the endings that tell us what the nana is doing. 206 00:11:43.440 --> 00:11:46.759 In this case, the ending on connus and the ending 207 00:11:46.840 --> 00:11:49.960 on falem tell us that Connas is the subject and 208 00:11:50.080 --> 00:11:52.799 Salem is the direct object. So it doesn't matter whatever 209 00:11:52.919 --> 00:11:55.600 order we switch them around in the sentence. They still 210 00:11:55.600 --> 00:11:58.279 translate the same way because the endings tell us their 211 00:11:58.360 --> 00:12:02.919 role in the sentence. Let's have in a little more 212 00:12:02.960 --> 00:12:07.120 into what nouns are. A noun is a person, place, thing, 213 00:12:07.279 --> 00:12:10.519 or idea, and this is important to know. Nouns in 214 00:12:10.600 --> 00:12:15.080 Latin have a gender, number, and a case. These three 215 00:12:15.120 --> 00:12:16.960 things are very important to remember when you look at 216 00:12:17.000 --> 00:12:19.799 any noun. If you're like me when I first started 217 00:12:19.840 --> 00:12:23.440 learning Latin, you might be thinking, wait, nouns have a gender. Well, 218 00:12:23.759 --> 00:12:27.120 nouns do have a grammatical gender in Latin. This means 219 00:12:27.159 --> 00:12:29.320 that all nouns are assigned to gender, and this gender 220 00:12:29.320 --> 00:12:32.360 will determine the form of any adjective that's modifying the noun. 221 00:12:33.000 --> 00:12:38.159 Latin has three genders, masculine, feminine, and neuter. Now, grammatical 222 00:12:38.240 --> 00:12:41.879 gender should not be confused with actual gender. Usually, the 223 00:12:41.879 --> 00:12:43.960 assigned gender of a word has nothing to do with 224 00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:46.840 the word itself. For example, the word for a house 225 00:12:46.879 --> 00:12:50.080 in Latin filmos is feminine, and the word for food kibbous, 226 00:12:50.200 --> 00:12:52.639 is masculine. There's really no rhyme or reason to it. 227 00:12:52.679 --> 00:12:55.480 Most of the time, So treat grammatical gender as something 228 00:12:55.519 --> 00:12:58.399 that you need to memorize for each noun, and keep 229 00:12:58.399 --> 00:13:02.080 in mind when using adjectives, don't think of it in 230 00:13:02.120 --> 00:13:05.600 any way as something having anything logically to do with 231 00:13:05.759 --> 00:13:12.120 real gender. Now, the next thing besides gender that every 232 00:13:12.240 --> 00:13:14.000 noun has is a number. And this is to be 233 00:13:14.039 --> 00:13:17.480 easy for our English speakers here or speakers of any language, 234 00:13:17.519 --> 00:13:20.519 because every language has a way of demonstrating number with nouns. 235 00:13:20.519 --> 00:13:23.720 It's just whether a noun is singular or plural. So 236 00:13:23.759 --> 00:13:28.399 in English, cookie singular cookies with an S is plural, 237 00:13:28.840 --> 00:13:31.440 and similarly, the endings in Latin tell us whether a 238 00:13:31.480 --> 00:13:35.480 noun is singular or plural. Now, the gender of a 239 00:13:35.519 --> 00:13:37.519 noun is something you just have to know. The endings 240 00:13:37.519 --> 00:13:40.360 won't tell you that, but number is something that the 241 00:13:40.440 --> 00:13:43.919 endings will tell you. And also case is something that 242 00:13:43.919 --> 00:13:46.840 the endings will tell you. In English, the role of 243 00:13:46.879 --> 00:13:48.879 a noun in the given sentence is shown by its 244 00:13:48.960 --> 00:13:52.799 order within sentence. In Latin we show the role of nouns, 245 00:13:52.840 --> 00:13:55.919 but using cases. There are various cases indicated by different 246 00:13:56.000 --> 00:13:58.480 endings that we add to nouns. The same noun with 247 00:13:58.519 --> 00:14:00.639 a different ending has a different role in sentence, and 248 00:14:00.720 --> 00:14:03.000 different cases allow us to use the same word in 249 00:14:03.039 --> 00:14:06.720 different ways within the sentence. For example, the nominative case 250 00:14:06.799 --> 00:14:08.639 is used for the subject, and the subject is who 251 00:14:08.720 --> 00:14:10.960 or what does the action. We're talking about the nominative 252 00:14:11.000 --> 00:14:12.919 case later today, but for the sake of this point, 253 00:14:13.480 --> 00:14:17.120 if we see a ending that indicates the nominative case, 254 00:14:17.399 --> 00:14:19.759 we know that that noun is the subject of the sentence. 255 00:14:20.200 --> 00:14:23.360 For example, in the simple sentences earlier, Connus had a 256 00:14:23.399 --> 00:14:27.080 nominative case ending, so we knew connus dog was the 257 00:14:27.200 --> 00:14:28.879 subject of the sentence no matter where it was in 258 00:14:28.879 --> 00:14:31.840 the sentence. And similarly, for example, the genitive case is 259 00:14:31.919 --> 00:14:33.799 used for possessions. So if we see an ending that's 260 00:14:34.080 --> 00:14:36.320 a genitive case ending on a noun, we know it 261 00:14:36.360 --> 00:14:42.159 must be being used for possession. So that's how case works. Now. Unfortunately, 262 00:14:42.159 --> 00:14:44.200 this does get a little more complicated because not all 263 00:14:44.240 --> 00:14:47.679 nouns follow the same pattern of case endings. Wouldna be 264 00:14:47.799 --> 00:14:51.399 very nice. Instead, every noun follows a specific pattern of 265 00:14:51.480 --> 00:14:55.080 endings known as an expleension. The three most common decleensions 266 00:14:55.080 --> 00:14:58.320 for nouns to follow in Latin are first, second, and third. 267 00:14:58.840 --> 00:15:02.559 Declension is determined the ending of the genitive singular case 268 00:15:02.639 --> 00:15:07.320 noun form, which I will explain later. Specifically, you might 269 00:15:07.360 --> 00:15:10.720 be thinking, wait, what depension? What's going on? I think 270 00:15:10.759 --> 00:15:12.799 of it this way every now and which it'll be 271 00:15:12.799 --> 00:15:16.279 given to your vocabulary. It's endings will clue you into 272 00:15:16.440 --> 00:15:19.360 whether it's the first, second, or third decleension, and that 273 00:15:19.399 --> 00:15:22.120 will determine the pattern of endings that follows. So first 274 00:15:22.120 --> 00:15:24.840 decleension nominative endings are going to look different than second 275 00:15:24.840 --> 00:15:26.840 decleension nominative endings are going to look different than third 276 00:15:26.879 --> 00:15:29.480 decenchion nomative endings. So there's three sets of endings that 277 00:15:29.519 --> 00:15:33.519 you do have to learn specifically for this course. So 278 00:15:33.840 --> 00:15:36.440 just be aware of this next this next slide. People 279 00:15:36.440 --> 00:15:38.039 that go a little overwhelming because it's gonna be a 280 00:15:38.080 --> 00:15:41.399 big chart, I promise it will be much less overwhelming 281 00:15:41.440 --> 00:15:48.639 in time, so bear with me. Here are are noun declensions, first, second, 282 00:15:48.639 --> 00:15:51.519 and third. First, I want to draw your attention to 283 00:15:51.919 --> 00:15:54.720 the left hand column when we have our cases. These 284 00:15:54.720 --> 00:15:56.480 are the five main cases in Latin, and that's what 285 00:15:56.480 --> 00:15:58.879 we're gonna be talking about throughout this course. We have 286 00:15:58.919 --> 00:16:02.679 the nominative genitive, the dative, the accusative, and the ablative. 287 00:16:03.159 --> 00:16:05.399 And each of these cases has its own uses. So 288 00:16:05.399 --> 00:16:07.600 when we see an ending that tells us this noun 289 00:16:07.720 --> 00:16:09.919 is this case, we know, okay, the noun could be 290 00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:11.639 used in this, this or this way in the sentence. 291 00:16:11.879 --> 00:16:14.399 So for example, if we see a nominative case ending, 292 00:16:14.720 --> 00:16:16.000 we know that the noun is going to be used 293 00:16:16.000 --> 00:16:19.600 as the subject. So that's what those are doing there. Similarly, 294 00:16:19.639 --> 00:16:22.000 you see that for each declension there's a singular and 295 00:16:22.080 --> 00:16:26.879 a plural column. So every not only can every now 296 00:16:27.080 --> 00:16:30.120 you know, ending demonstrate that it's case and also differentstrates 297 00:16:30.120 --> 00:16:32.440 whether it's singular or plural, which means you have to 298 00:16:32.519 --> 00:16:37.399 learn two nominative case endings for each declension, because you 299 00:16:37.399 --> 00:16:39.720 have to learn the singular nominative case ending and the 300 00:16:39.759 --> 00:16:43.480 singular plural. I mean, in the you're in the singular 301 00:16:43.480 --> 00:16:47.279 anomative case ending and the plural nominative case ending. Okay. 302 00:16:48.080 --> 00:16:52.080 And also worth knowing is that to learn each of 303 00:16:52.080 --> 00:16:56.840 these decleensions, there are songs that encompass most of the endings. Now, 304 00:16:57.320 --> 00:16:59.639 I will say for the second and third decleension, singular 305 00:16:59.639 --> 00:17:02.879 nomal you see us slash R slash c U M. 306 00:17:03.080 --> 00:17:05.480 There's multiple options that that could be and for the 307 00:17:05.519 --> 00:17:07.640 third decleension. There's that question mark, which I'll talk about 308 00:17:07.640 --> 00:17:08.960 a little bit later, but it just means that it 309 00:17:08.960 --> 00:17:11.480 could be anything. But I am going to sing these 310 00:17:11.480 --> 00:17:14.000 songs because I find that music is helpful for me 311 00:17:14.160 --> 00:17:16.359 and lots of other people in memorization. So I'm gonna 312 00:17:16.400 --> 00:17:18.920 sing them now. If this is something that you're interested 313 00:17:18.920 --> 00:17:21.480 in using from your own memorization, because you do need 314 00:17:21.480 --> 00:17:24.880 to memorize these charts at some point, then I would 315 00:17:25.000 --> 00:17:28.880 recommend checking out on the resources tab on the Google classroom. 316 00:17:29.039 --> 00:17:32.079 I will have linked videos with me singing each of 317 00:17:32.119 --> 00:17:35.440 these songs so that you can study those without further ado. 318 00:17:35.480 --> 00:17:38.680 Here are declinsion songs. First, the first two clntionion song 319 00:17:40.119 --> 00:17:44.039 A A E A E A M A A E 320 00:17:44.200 --> 00:17:49.680 A are you I as I S two? Now the 321 00:17:49.720 --> 00:17:53.799 firsty clensions through. That's the time for a second declension 322 00:17:53.839 --> 00:18:02.880 song us I oh oh, I'm I S O S 323 00:18:03.079 --> 00:18:07.880 I S. That's the second declension and the third declension 324 00:18:07.920 --> 00:18:09.599 we kind of skip over the question mark and we 325 00:18:09.640 --> 00:18:15.240 start with I S I E M E ees you 326 00:18:15.799 --> 00:18:24.200 m ip uses bus. So I'll have those videos linked 327 00:18:24.240 --> 00:18:26.279 on Google clustionrooms so you can listen to them. That's 328 00:18:26.279 --> 00:18:27.839 a great way to memorize the songs. That's how I 329 00:18:27.920 --> 00:18:32.640 memorize to them. But do whatever helps you to memorize them. Okay, 330 00:18:33.240 --> 00:18:36.119 those are our declensions. Now let's specifically talk about, Okay, 331 00:18:36.319 --> 00:18:39.000 how do we figure out what declension a noun is? 332 00:18:39.119 --> 00:18:40.880 How do we know whether it follows the first decleension 333 00:18:40.920 --> 00:18:43.640 pattern of endings and second decleension pattern of endings or 334 00:18:43.640 --> 00:18:48.400 the third declension pattern of endings. Okay, to determine the 335 00:18:48.480 --> 00:18:52.039 declension of a noun, every now in your vocabulary will 336 00:18:52.039 --> 00:18:56.519 be given in the following format singular nominative and comma 337 00:18:57.119 --> 00:19:01.359 singular genitive. And you'll see this in the vocabulary video 338 00:19:01.400 --> 00:19:03.200 for this week, which are grammended you watch right after 339 00:19:03.279 --> 00:19:08.680 this presentation. For example, the noun famina comma famini, which 340 00:19:08.720 --> 00:19:10.839 will be in your vocabulary this week, it means woman 341 00:19:11.839 --> 00:19:15.039 is given in that format famina comma femini, and we're 342 00:19:15.039 --> 00:19:18.559 gonna look at the ending of femini that ae, so 343 00:19:18.720 --> 00:19:23.920 determine what declension femina is. So declinsion is determined specifically 344 00:19:23.960 --> 00:19:26.720 with the ending of the genitive singular. That's the second 345 00:19:27.279 --> 00:19:29.480 form that you've received in your vocabulary. It's the form 346 00:19:29.559 --> 00:19:35.359 that follows the comma. Okay, let's look more at this. Okay, 347 00:19:36.039 --> 00:19:39.160 so first to cleension nouns, all the ending patterns a 348 00:19:39.519 --> 00:19:44.480 comma ae just food. Looking at our genitive singular ending, 349 00:19:44.680 --> 00:19:47.599 it will be ae. So for example Famina, fame and I. 350 00:19:48.400 --> 00:19:51.119 That second form, that genitive singular form ends in ae. 351 00:19:51.359 --> 00:19:53.240 So we know that it's a first de cleension now 352 00:19:53.279 --> 00:19:55.480 and it's going to follow the first de cleension non 353 00:19:55.559 --> 00:20:00.200 patterns for all the cases. For second to cleension could 354 00:20:00.279 --> 00:20:03.039 end the nominative singular could end in us, r or um, 355 00:20:03.519 --> 00:20:06.759 but our genitive singular will always end in I. For example, 356 00:20:07.119 --> 00:20:11.240 weird weary. It means man, and we see that it 357 00:20:11.240 --> 00:20:13.279 will follow the second declension for all its case innings 358 00:20:13.279 --> 00:20:16.680 because it's second form right there, weary, a genitive singular 359 00:20:17.200 --> 00:20:21.759 ends an i instead of ae or i S. Third 360 00:20:21.799 --> 00:20:25.119 declension will follow the pattern of any ending question mark 361 00:20:25.359 --> 00:20:31.079 comma I. For example, we have patter patres. You think, okay, 362 00:20:31.279 --> 00:20:33.559 the first form is then an R. Couldn't that mean 363 00:20:33.599 --> 00:20:35.799 it could be second? No, because it ends an i 364 00:20:36.119 --> 00:20:38.759 s in that genitive singular form clearing is and that 365 00:20:38.839 --> 00:20:41.759 this is a third declension noun, and it will follow 366 00:20:41.759 --> 00:20:44.200 the third declension case endings for all of its forms. 367 00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:47.079 So those are the three things to look for AE 368 00:20:48.039 --> 00:20:52.599 I I S in the genitive singular nouns, that's the 369 00:20:52.759 --> 00:20:59.160 second form you get in each noun pair. Okay, Specifically, 370 00:20:59.519 --> 00:21:02.519 in this slideshow, we'll talk about the nominative case. The 371 00:21:02.640 --> 00:21:05.039 nominative case is used for the subject, and the subject 372 00:21:05.119 --> 00:21:09.480 is who or what does the action? In a sentence. Here, 373 00:21:09.720 --> 00:21:12.279 I have a few exercises for guessing the subject in English. 374 00:21:12.920 --> 00:21:15.160 I'm sure you all be able to do this. Just 375 00:21:15.240 --> 00:21:16.559 for the sake of making sure you can do that 376 00:21:16.599 --> 00:21:19.559 in English. I can posit video now and identify the 377 00:21:19.599 --> 00:21:23.559 subject and then continue it to see the answers. Okay, 378 00:21:24.039 --> 00:21:27.720 I'm for the answers. Here are our subject, and we 379 00:21:27.799 --> 00:21:30.039 see that in all these sentences, the subject is what 380 00:21:30.119 --> 00:21:32.000 does the action? For the most part of English, that's 381 00:21:32.039 --> 00:21:34.480 the first word of the sentence. In the question, we 382 00:21:34.559 --> 00:21:36.880 see the question word comes first. Can someone turn on 383 00:21:36.920 --> 00:21:39.200 the lights? But someone is what is turning on the lights? 384 00:21:39.759 --> 00:21:45.480 So in all those cases we see those similarities. Those 385 00:21:45.480 --> 00:21:49.039 are the subjects. So now let's talk about subjects in Latin. 386 00:21:51.240 --> 00:21:54.000 The nominative case in Latin is what it's used for 387 00:21:54.079 --> 00:21:58.000 the subject. And so here I've highlighted our nominative case endings. 388 00:21:58.440 --> 00:22:00.720 In the first two clension, the singular nominative case ending 389 00:22:00.799 --> 00:22:03.240 is A and the plural is a E. In the 390 00:22:03.279 --> 00:22:06.240 second decleinsion, this singular ending could be U, S, R, 391 00:22:06.519 --> 00:22:09.359 U M, and the plural as I. In the third decleension, 392 00:22:09.440 --> 00:22:11.759 it could be anything. And you'll just memorize that in 393 00:22:11.799 --> 00:22:13.839 your real cab and yourmorize the word. You'll know what 394 00:22:13.960 --> 00:22:19.880 the nominative form is and then it'll end in es plural. Okay, 395 00:22:19.960 --> 00:22:27.160 So let's do some subject identification practice. Okay, So looking 396 00:22:27.160 --> 00:22:32.000 at a subject, send it's femina. I'm not uh, let's 397 00:22:32.119 --> 00:22:35.960 get femina and m are two nouns. Looking back at 398 00:22:36.079 --> 00:22:40.720 this slide right here, you see that E M wed m. 399 00:22:41.039 --> 00:22:44.920 It's not a nominative ending, but A is in that 400 00:22:45.079 --> 00:22:49.519 case famine as our subject. Similarly, you have ses, and 401 00:22:51.480 --> 00:22:55.160