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Support and do it there. Thank you. I want to

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welcome everyone back to part five of my reading of

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Raizard Lugutko's The Demon in Democracy. Still going through some

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stuff with my my sinus is here, so apologize for

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any noises and any I'll try to edit out as

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much as I can, but yep, still going through some stuff.

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A lot of people are most of the people I

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know are sick. I just having trouble breathing, so better

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off than most. So a reminder Thomas and I are

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movie reviews, got a Freeman Beyond the Wall dot com

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forward slash movies. The latest movie we did was Highlander.

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Sure a lot of you have seen Highlander, and uh yeah,

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we're watching comments on it. So let's get going here.

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We are up to chapter three and the title of

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this episode. The title of this chapter is politics. Communism

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and liberal democracy are related by a similarly paradoxical approach

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to politics. Both promised to reduce the role of politics

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in human life, yet induced politicization on a scale unknown

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in previous history. The most famous statements about the imminent

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twilight of politics come from the German Ideology by Marx

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and Engels and Lenin's The State and Revolution. Actually read

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both of those books. Read State and Revolution on the show,

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Marx and Engels imagine how in the world to come

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Man liberated from the burden of politics, would hunt in

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the morning, go fishing at new and engage in literary

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cleriticism after dinner. Lenin predicted a withering away of the state,

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which would eventually be limited to simple administrative functions. A

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famous thought attributed to him is that the administration of

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the communist state would be so simple that even a

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kitchen maid would be able to handle it. All these

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stories about a stateless and deep politicized society were articulated

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in the language of communist eschatology, but in the communist

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reality things looked different. Neither the power wielding politicians nor

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citizens trying to find their place in the Communist state

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treated such declarations seriously. The state did not wather away,

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nor was it likely to do so. Citizens' lives were

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full of politics, and no one ever thought of spending

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their entire life in moving from poetry to fishing and back.

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And needless to say, the state's administration was not simply

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simplified to kitchen maid level. Such a non political world

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did not exist, and there was no indication would ever arise. Rather,

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we witnessed an almost absolute domination by the Communist Party,

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and consequently the growing intrusion of politics into the smallest

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sectors of what was officially called the developed socialist society.

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Politics remained the sole domain of the party, primarily its

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highest authorities, above whom there were the Soviet leaders as

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the ultimate political sovereign. For the rest of the public,

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politics meant only an unceasing support for the Communist Party

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through participation in parades, demonstrations, mass meetings, and other organized

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outbursts of political enthusiasm. This was politics in a good sense,

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but politics in a bad sense was also possible. It

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meant challenging the decisions of the authorities, as for instance,

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was done by the Solidarity movement in Poland. This type

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of medically in politics was condemned and often punished by law.

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What he's describing is politics is run by experts, the

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managerial regime. That's exactly what he's describing in you can

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get theoretically, it's possible in the United States to elect

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the housewife to Congress or even the Senate. But is

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she going to stay a housewife or her sensibility is

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going to remain that of the housewife home, you know,

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the person who runs the home. Was communism without politics

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doctrinally possible at all? At least one important factor and

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negates that possibility. The idea of the class struggle, which

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in the Marxian theory, was to account for the rate

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and direction of social change. The idea was simple and catchy,

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with great potential for practical application, though on closer scrutiny

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it could be easily refuted. As we know, Marxian engels

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began by formulating a fundamental class conflict with capitalism, which,

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according to them, played out between the capitalists representing the bourgeoisie,

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and the proletariat representing the working class. The division of

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society institute classes seemed to the communists at some point

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a strikingly apt depiction of the capitalist world, but this

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moment soon passed and the communist faith faced its first trial.

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The original theory of the class struggle struggle predicted a

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progressive antagonism between the two opposing groups, whereas what really

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happened was to reverse antagonism gradually decreased until at the

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end it virtually ceased to exist. Some naturally parted with

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this theory, but others tried to save it by claiming

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that the disappearance of the fundamental antagonism was only temporary,

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or better that it could never happen because as long

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as there is social injustice, and as long as there

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are capitalists and imperialists, the struggle continues, even if many

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people take it lightly or do not see it at all.

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Stalin's famous statement that the more the communist society has developed,

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the more fierce the class struggle becomes, though officially abandoned

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at some point, retains its validity later on in less

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sweeping versions. All crises of the communist system, protests, riots, demonstrations,

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activities of the political dissonance and others, and anything that

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slowed down the coming of the World Revolution and the

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victory of communism seems to confirm that hostile forces, both

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domestic and international, continued their war against the forces of progress.

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Even today, despite the fact that communists that the communist

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empire crumbled, an international brotherhood of Marxist has survived, whose

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votaries have never stopped preaching that the class struggle goes on,

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albeit in new costumes and with the use of new weapons.

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The Communist eschatology promising the world without politics was not,

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let it be noted, just a hoax perpetrated by ruthless

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politicians from Marx and his first International through Lenin, Trotsky

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and Stalins to today's socialists from all continents. The paradoxical

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concept of a socialist politics where everything is political while

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everyone dreams of a world free from politics, has a

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much deeper source and accurately illustrates the paradox of the

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modern mind. On the one hand, modern man believes that

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making everything political is the highest form of manifestation of

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his dominion. Politicization is therefore, nothing but a consequence of

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the fact that everything that happens depends on his decision,

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and that only his decision assigns meaning and value to things.

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Such was the dominant moral postulate formulated by European philosophy

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from the beginning of modern times. It has to be

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expected that man's awareness of his growing power over life, society, knowledge, morality,

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and everything else would be concordant with the increasing presence

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of politics. More politics meant more instruments to make of this.

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You make use of this power, so I want to

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go back to this. On the other one hand, modern

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man believes that making everything political is the highest form

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of manifestation of his dominion. Politicization is there is, therefore,

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nothing but a consequence of the fact that everything that

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happens depends on his decision. And that so people ask

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me sometimes often what is my poys What would I

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have the state do? And I mean I really would

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have the state just there to protect the culture and

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what the culture is doing, so that no one subverts it,

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so that no one gets in the way of it,

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mostly subversives to look for subversives. And I don't want

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the politicization of everything. I don't want the politicization of business.

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I don't want the politicization of religion, faith, I don't

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want the right politicization of anything cultural more than anything,

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the state, in my opinion, should be there to make

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sure that that doesn't happen. That is just what that group,

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a homogeneous group of people who share common values and

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common goals, whatever their goals are, that's what the state's

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supposed to techt so that no one stops him from

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doing that. Stay out of the economy as much as possible.

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You don't need to. The state doesn't need to impose

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tariffs if people don't have the thought to. If they're

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of a culture that isn't going to send their manufacturing

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overseas or to you know, if the culture does decide

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that they want to import from, you know, different places. Well,

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if it looks like the culture is suffering from that,

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and that local manufacturing is suffering from that, well that

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needs to be dealt with. It dealt with by the

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people and the state. Only. State would only step in

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when it has to to decide the exception. Really, my

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thinking is constantly evolving on this because it's so far,

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it's so different than what we've been raised with, but

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it's what makes the most sense to me. So continuing,

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But the rising tide of politicization did not eliminate the

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dream of a world without politics. In fact, one could believe,

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as did many, the disappearance of politics would be not

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so much a conscious act of elimination as it would

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the results of politics ultimately fulfilling its function. The final

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withering way of the state was to be ultimate triumph,

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to be the ultimate triumph of human aspirations of power,

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man's absolute control of everything that relates to him. At

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the same time, the stage where the struggle for power

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becomes irrelevant and political activity comes to an end. Having

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reached this stage, man can finally do what was always

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his desire in the innermost striving of his nature to create,

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to follow his dreams, to flourish. This paradox, however, contains

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a serious problem and reach his fulfillment by increasing his

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decision making power. Then it seems natural to assume that

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the desire for power lies deep within his nature. Why then,

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should we expect that this desire will vanish in some

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future system that allows the unfettered realization of human aspirations

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and free expression of human nature. It's a great question,

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and it's when I asked the anarchists all the time. Okay,

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the state disappears, how are you going to stop somebody

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from starting another state, especially if you're basing it, if

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you're basing your whole system off of non aggression. I've

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literally been told recently through vigilantism, how long does that

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last before a group needs to come together and decide

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who decides the exception? Why would a revolutionary who led

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the class struggle against the enemy, fought against exploitation, and

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saw conflict in every part of life at some point

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turn into an angler and an art critic, indifferent to

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the issue of the distribution of power, willingly passing it

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on to a kitchen maid. Was the power that absorbed him?

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For so many centuries only a factor that resulted from

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accidental circumstances, a factor that in other circumstances might never

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have played any role. Two, the paradox reveals itself to

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be much stronger in liberal democracy, which, like communism, had

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a tremendous share in the process of politicizing modern society,

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while at the same time proclaiming loudly that it was

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pushing humanity to a politics free world. How modern man

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came to the stage as a somewhat complicated story, primarily

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because liberalism and democracy, taken separately, had different approaches to politics.

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For a long time, liberalism was believed to be a

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theory describing human activity as largely non political and a

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human individual as a private person, not a citizen. A

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standard illustrator of this view is, of course John Locke,

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particularly his concept of ownership and labor. In his view,

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once the state is created as a result of a

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free contract, its main duty is to defend property whose

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owners expanded through work. This, in turn should strengthen their

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links with the state, which makes the process of acquisition possible. Nope,

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from what I just said before, sounds great right Among

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the thinkers who so to speak private size a citizen.

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One should also mention Benjamin Constant in his famous lecture

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about the difference between the freedom of the ancients and

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that of the moderns. He argued, that's to participate in

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public life, which was the freedom enjoyed by the ancients,

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ceased to be a priority in our time and had

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been supplanted by the individual freedom to pursue private goals.

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In other words, and Constant wrote this openly, although later

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he somewhat modified his position. People should elect their representatives

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to political institutions in order for their representatives to provide

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them with the freedom to take care of private matters.

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Politics and the state are in the hands of a

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small service people replaced and controlled by the elections, while

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the rest of the people have as little to do

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with politics as possible. They keep their peace of mind,

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devoting their time to running their businesses, increasing their wealth

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and property, enjoying their family lives, and pursuing personal passions

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and interests. This is very much what John C. Calhoun

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was talking about in his Disquisition on Government. But what

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was the main thing that liberalism and modernism leaves out.

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It is a people with common goals, common culture, and

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who none of them are thinking about killing each other

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just because they're in competition for something. The kind of

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people who come together for the lack of a better term,

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the common good. But that common good is like a family.

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A family should come when a family comes together for

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the common good, we don't call it communism or something

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like that. Well, the same thing has to do with

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a culture. You can find people when Sweden decided to

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leave Laisse fair behind and become a gigantic welfare state.

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You can find people all over the place throughout the

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culture who complained about that, who were like, well, this

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isn't going to work economically, you know, economists especially, But

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even with economic problems, there really weren't people going to

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war with each other over this and all these interest

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groups who were inter fighting. And because it was a

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monocultural society, if everyone's seventh and eighth cousins, it's a

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lot better off than if you're importing the third world.

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And I mean, really, the third world doesn't even exist anymore.

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You're just basically importing people from the world where the

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part of the world where they can't do for themselves,

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they have to come here. They have to find a

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place where people can do for themselves, and people can create,

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and people can invent, and people can innovate because they can't.

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And sure, if you have a gigantic welfare estate, which

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I'm not saying you have to have, you're gonna have

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economic problems, but they can be the war that you

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see amongst the people, or is mitigated by the fact

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that maybe most of these people are related in some

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distant way. Again monocultural. But the hypothesis that a liberal

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man is a non political animal, however probably, however probable

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it may sound, is false and has never been true.

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As liberalism progressed, the people who did not withdraw from politics,

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much less abolish it, but on the contrary, continued to

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empower it with prerogatives it had never had before. This

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does not mean that Locke and Constant made an erroneous

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diagnosis of modern society when they stressed the growing importance

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of private matters. Indeed, these matters soon became the major

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object of interests of politics and thinkers, but this did

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not result at all in deep politicization. The majority of

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private people did not divest themselves of political passions, and

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whatever private pleasures they pursued, these goals did not change

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the inherently political character of a modern society, and it

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is easy to understand why. Liberalism is primarily adoption of power,

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both self regarding and other regarding, to aim to limit

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the power of other agents and at the same time

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granting normal prerogatives for itself. In a sense, it is

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a super theory of society. Logically prior to end, by

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its own declaration of self importance higher than any other,

284
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it attributes to itself the right to be more general,

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more spacious, and more universal than any of its rivals.

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Its goal is, as the liberals say, to create a

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general framework within which others will be able to cooperate.

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The liberals will never voluntarily give up this admittedly highest

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of political prerogatives to anyone, and will never agree to

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share it. Why this extraordinary hubris and the belief that

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liberalism should play the main, in matter of fact, the

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only organizing role in society. Until recently, the liberals have

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been saying, probably in good faith, that they are doctrinally transparent,

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because not only do they not exclude anyone from the

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great society, but they want to include everyone in it.

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To use an analogy, they think they are like those

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who write the rules of the road and at the

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same time are responsible for directing traffic. They aim to

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create a system that would be most efficient and most

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convenient to a large number of vehicles, much higher than

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that of the other road builders or traffic wardens. According

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to what they have claimed, they are the only ones

303
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who can create such a system because only they are neutral,

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their sole interest being to secure freedom for each and

305
00:20:19,640 --> 00:20:24,519
every agent. There is no neutrality. There's no such thing

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as neutrality. You're not neutral when it comes to your family.

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This noble goal, however, has its other side, usually ignored

308
00:20:35,519 --> 00:20:38,200
by liberals who claim to be transparent. Not only do

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these liberals position themselves above the others, but they always

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demand more power, essensibly from making more traffic rules and

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hiring more traffic wardens, being almost never satisfied with the

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power they have. Not only do they want to control

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the mechanisms of the great society, but also those of

314
00:20:54,720 --> 00:20:58,079
all its parts, not only what is general, but also specifics,

315
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not only human actions, human thoughts as well. The original message,

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we will create only a framework for a society at large,

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and you will be able to do what you want

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within It is rapidly turning into increasingly detailed message such as,

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we will only create frameworks and education in the family

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and community life, and you will be able to do

321
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what you want within them later. But even this is

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not enough. We will only create a framework at this school,

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and you will be able to do what you want

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within it later. Then the class follows the school, and

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so on and so forth. Few liberals claim to be

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00:21:33,680 --> 00:21:37,079
transparent nowadays. Most of them openly stand for a specific

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worldview which they believe to be the most adequate of

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00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:44,400
and four modern times formulate an opposition to other worldviews

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and held to be uncompromisingly superior to them. They no

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longer hide themselves into the formula we are creating only

331
00:21:51,559 --> 00:21:54,720
a general framework, but fight hard for their power over

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00:21:54,880 --> 00:21:59,400
minds and institutions. The spirit of partisanship should not be surprising,

333
00:21:59,480 --> 00:22:02,359
as liberal has always had a strong sense of the enemy,

334
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a direct consequence of its dualistic perception of the world.

335
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After all, liberalism is more about political struggle with nonliberal

336
00:22:11,319 --> 00:22:15,559
adversaries than deliberation with them. This whole thing. When you

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00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:20,279
see classical liberals quote unquote like James the James Lindsay's

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of the world, they will tell you that the reason

339
00:22:26,359 --> 00:22:29,599
they've come up with this term woke right is because

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the people they're calling woke right are looking at the

341
00:22:34,160 --> 00:22:38,680
world through friend and enemy while they're accusing you of

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00:22:38,759 --> 00:22:43,400
being the enemy, accusing the woke right, while they create

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a term called woke right to describe their enemy, the

344
00:22:47,599 --> 00:22:54,480
enemy of liberalism. So all this, when it all comes

345
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down to it, you go back to Carl Schmidt. All

346
00:22:58,759 --> 00:23:04,680
politics is friend and enemy, and liberalism looks at anything

347
00:23:05,359 --> 00:23:12,920
that isn't liberal as the enemy. Although such words as

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dialogue and pluralism appear among its favorite motifs, as does

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00:23:17,759 --> 00:23:22,880
tolerance and other similarly hospitable notions, this overtly generous rhetorical

350
00:23:23,039 --> 00:23:27,319
orchestration covers up something entirely different. In its essence, Liberalism

351
00:23:27,440 --> 00:23:30,359
is unabashedly aggressive because it is determined to hunt down

352
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all nonliberal agents and ideas, which it treats as a

353
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threat to itself into humanity. I'm perfectly fine with hunting

354
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down and as I said before, to keep subversives out

355
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of your community. But that's not all humanity. That's your community,

356
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that's people of like mind, that's people who share values.

357
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If they come in and they start trying to screw

358
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with it. You know, Han terrman Hoppit talks about his

359
00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:03,680
covenant communities, where you can have a world of covenant communities,

360
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where you can have a communist community over there, in

361
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a liberal community over here, and you have a a

362
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narco capitalist community over here. Well, in that community, as

363
00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:18,480
soon as somebody starts preaching communism in his anarcho capitalist community,

364
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their goal is to seek to correct that person, and

365
00:24:22,960 --> 00:24:28,000
then if that person isn't correct, you could come out. Okay,

366
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That's exactly what I'm talking about. The Only thing is

367
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that the narco capitalist thinks that they're taking the moral

368
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high ground because they don't have a state or monopoly

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on power in order to do it. And I'm saying

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that there will always be a state monopoly on power.

371
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It's just a matter of what their purpose is. The

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00:24:52,200 --> 00:24:56,960
organizing principle of liberalism, as in all other philosophy, as

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in all other philosophies, aiming to change the world radically,

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is therefore dualism, not pluralism. The modern stalwart of liberalism,

375
00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:10,359
Isaiah Berlin was absolutely faithful to the liberal spirit when

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he said that the history of human thought could be

377
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viewed as a conflict between pluralism and monism, and that

378
00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:22,359
liberalism represents the former, whereas everything that is not liberal

379
00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:28,039
represents the latter. This opinion, fairly typical, refeels the absurdity

380
00:25:28,119 --> 00:25:31,400
of the liberal claim. First, Berlin and other liberal minded

381
00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:37,599
thinkers put duality monism versus pluralism, closed versus open freedom

382
00:25:37,680 --> 00:25:41,519
versus authority, tolerant versus autocratic as the primary division, and

383
00:25:41,599 --> 00:25:45,160
by doing so had to assume that whoever supports pluralism

384
00:25:45,279 --> 00:25:48,640
must be for dualism. It is like saying that anyone

385
00:25:48,680 --> 00:25:53,160
who is for diversity must see the world dichotomously. This

386
00:25:53,359 --> 00:25:56,480
leads to an even more bizarre conclusion that whoever supports

387
00:25:56,519 --> 00:26:00,559
pluralism must favor liberalism, which means that anyone who wants

388
00:26:00,599 --> 00:26:03,519
to recognize the multiplicity of social arrangements and the diversity

389
00:26:03,599 --> 00:26:07,440
of human experience can accept only one philosophy and political

390
00:26:08,079 --> 00:26:12,680
one philosophical and political philosophy, given on the course of

391
00:26:12,799 --> 00:26:18,160
human history of human thought, there were dozens of different,

392
00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:22,200
profoundly nonliberal philosophies, many of them of great intellectual value.

393
00:26:22,680 --> 00:26:25,119
Such a conclusion can only be compared with Henry Ford's

394
00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:28,720
famous statement about the model t in defense of pluralism.

395
00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:32,359
We give people the right to choose any available philosophy,

396
00:26:32,480 --> 00:26:35,960
provided that they choose liberalism. I believe the Henry Ford

397
00:26:37,519 --> 00:26:41,839
quote about model T is that it comes you can

398
00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:43,720
get it in any color, as long as it's black.

399
00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:50,720
Something like that. I believe Berlin himself is probably educated

400
00:26:50,799 --> 00:26:53,079
man knew very well and admitted quite frankly that the

401
00:26:53,119 --> 00:26:56,759
most important and most valuable fruits of Western philosophy were

402
00:26:56,839 --> 00:27:03,319
monostic monastic in nature. The consequence of this was inescapable, inescapable.

403
00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:07,119
Virtually everything intellectually intriguing that the Western mind produced in

404
00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:10,559
the field of philosophy had to be classified not only

405
00:27:10,599 --> 00:27:14,920
as monistic, but also as nonliberal. Therefore, if we take

406
00:27:14,960 --> 00:27:18,440
Berlin's view seriously and disregard all monistic theories of the

407
00:27:18,640 --> 00:27:21,319
entire history of human thought, we would be left with

408
00:27:21,519 --> 00:27:25,200
very little. The effect of this supposed liberal pluralism would

409
00:27:25,240 --> 00:27:28,200
be a gigantic purge of Western philosophy, bringing in an

410
00:27:28,200 --> 00:27:33,799
inevitable degradation of the human mind. Which it was. And

411
00:27:34,119 --> 00:27:37,000
the quote from Henry Ford is at the bottom right here.

412
00:27:37,359 --> 00:27:39,519
I'll give customers any color they want, so long as

413
00:27:39,559 --> 00:27:44,640
it's black. The Communists who were the first to use

414
00:27:44,720 --> 00:27:48,039
and with much success, to dualistic perspective to fight their enemies.

415
00:27:48,599 --> 00:27:51,960
Made us accustomed to a certain practice of philosophical polemic.

416
00:27:52,279 --> 00:27:55,599
They evaluated. They evaluated the arguments of their adversaries, and

417
00:27:55,640 --> 00:27:59,240
the light of political consequences, the arguments were to be rejected,

418
00:27:59,319 --> 00:28:02,519
not necessarily because of their demonstrated spuriousness, but because of

419
00:28:02,559 --> 00:28:07,319
their political implications for communism. One accepted what served the

420
00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:11,759
movement's cause, and one rejected what hindered its construction. Lenin,

421
00:28:11,839 --> 00:28:14,599
of course, made this practice his only method of argumentation.

422
00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:18,480
Every fact, thought, idea, book, or person was looked at

423
00:28:18,559 --> 00:28:22,480
from one and only one perspective, whether they were useful

424
00:28:22,559 --> 00:28:27,559
for or detrimental to Russian Communism. The liberals adopted a

425
00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:31,759
similar practice, though probably they would not find the object

426
00:28:31,880 --> 00:28:35,519
adjective pleasing. When faced with a statement, or an opinion

427
00:28:35,839 --> 00:28:38,400
or an idea, the first and most important question they

428
00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:42,160
ask is whether any of these may be dangerous, that is,

429
00:28:42,519 --> 00:28:46,400
whether they may potentially contradict liberal assumptions. Their favorite version

430
00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:49,400
of this approach is a slippery slope argument. It amounts

431
00:28:49,440 --> 00:28:51,880
to the following, if one can indicate that this or

432
00:28:51,960 --> 00:28:55,519
that idea may sooner or later lead to some harmful practice,

433
00:28:55,559 --> 00:28:59,279
the idea should be discarded as politically contaminated. I don't

434
00:28:59,279 --> 00:29:01,000
think there's any problem. I mean, I think we see

435
00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:06,839
that the slippery slope argument works. Or some call it

436
00:29:06,880 --> 00:29:13,039
a fallacy, I mean the history shows that it's real.

437
00:29:13,319 --> 00:29:16,880
Maybe not in the way the siliberty slope fallacy is described,

438
00:29:17,359 --> 00:29:25,079
but in cause and effect. Because most theoretical claims or

439
00:29:25,119 --> 00:29:27,799
statements contain an element of unity which the liberals would

440
00:29:27,799 --> 00:29:31,319
call moneism, or imply a hierarchy which the liberals would

441
00:29:31,359 --> 00:29:34,720
call domination, these claims and statements can be interpreted as

442
00:29:34,799 --> 00:29:39,400
directed or indirect encouragements to some form of political authoritarianism

443
00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:42,880
and immediately become politically suspect. What I will say is

444
00:29:42,920 --> 00:29:46,799
when I say I'm calling for a state, that the

445
00:29:46,880 --> 00:29:50,279
perfect state would be one that protects the culture. I'm

446
00:29:50,319 --> 00:29:53,039
also talking about hierarchy. I'm talking about the people from

447
00:29:53,079 --> 00:30:00,359
within in that in that culture who have a in

448
00:30:00,440 --> 00:30:05,599
that culture surviving. I'm talking about a natural hierarchy. I'm

449
00:30:05,680 --> 00:30:13,400
talking about natural elites talking about aristocracy. To give an

450
00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:16,839
example taken from Berlin, several philosophers made a distinction between

451
00:30:16,920 --> 00:30:20,559
superior and inferior parts of the soul. Whether the statement

452
00:30:20,599 --> 00:30:23,240
is true or falses of little importance. What is important

453
00:30:23,359 --> 00:30:25,799
is that it is politically dangerous because it is easy

454
00:30:25,839 --> 00:30:28,759
to imagine a group, a party, a community, or a

455
00:30:28,839 --> 00:30:31,559
church considering itself to represent the superior part of the

456
00:30:31,640 --> 00:30:35,279
soul in using coercion against another group, party, community, or

457
00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:38,559
church to which it will ascribe the role of a

458
00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:42,720
representative of the inferior part of the soul. This kind

459
00:30:42,759 --> 00:30:45,799
of argument outrageous. Let us admit it is considered by

460
00:30:45,839 --> 00:30:48,119
the liberals to be decisive, and it serves them to

461
00:30:48,200 --> 00:30:53,319
disparage opponents by suggesting that by making seemingly harmless theoretical statements,

462
00:30:53,359 --> 00:30:58,240
they open the gates to totalitarianism, fascism, inquisition, torture, Hitler,

463
00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:08,519
and various other heart horrors. Yeah, making statements about saying

464
00:31:09,039 --> 00:31:10,680
they would have you, there are many who would have

465
00:31:10,839 --> 00:31:14,480
you say that by stating that trends that there are

466
00:31:14,599 --> 00:31:17,960
no trans children. I saw that statement on Twitter the

467
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:20,519
other day. Someone just said there are no there's no

468
00:31:20,599 --> 00:31:24,880
such thing as a trans child. There are some, especially

469
00:31:24,920 --> 00:31:27,200
in the liberal camp, in the progressive camp, which is

470
00:31:27,319 --> 00:31:31,440
basically the same thing that that just leads us down

471
00:31:31,480 --> 00:31:38,200
the road to saying that black people have no agency

472
00:31:38,359 --> 00:31:46,440
things like that. Surprisingly, this essentially intolerant and doctrinaire side

473
00:31:46,519 --> 00:31:49,920
has been overlooked and liberalism achieved a remarkable success in

474
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:54,160
conquering people's minds. In the past few decades. The liberals

475
00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:56,920
and the liberal Democrats have managed to silence and marginalize

476
00:31:56,960 --> 00:32:00,519
nearly all alternatives and all nonliberal views of political order.

477
00:32:01,039 --> 00:32:04,119
Liberalism monopolized people's minds to an extent that would put

478
00:32:04,200 --> 00:32:07,839
to shame the theorists of socialism in the communist countries, who,

479
00:32:08,119 --> 00:32:13,039
after all, had much richer resources at their disposal. Think

480
00:32:13,079 --> 00:32:16,759
about what you know if you listen to Thomas. Thomas

481
00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:20,160
talks about the fact that one of the reasons why

482
00:32:20,200 --> 00:32:22,440
it would have been preferable to live in East Germany

483
00:32:22,799 --> 00:32:26,160
than to live in West Germany is that, you know,

484
00:32:26,359 --> 00:32:28,319
if you're under an East German regime, if you're under

485
00:32:28,319 --> 00:32:32,440
a totalitarian regime, they may just you know, steal, take

486
00:32:32,480 --> 00:32:37,880
your life. On the other side of that divide, you

487
00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:43,359
had people who were seeking to racially cleanse you that

488
00:32:43,519 --> 00:32:46,279
you're not a German anymore, You're not a Frenchman anymore,

489
00:32:46,400 --> 00:32:49,000
You're not this, You're not that, you're you're not who

490
00:32:49,039 --> 00:32:51,759
your ancestors were. We all have to be this one

491
00:32:51,920 --> 00:33:00,680
homogeneous thing, which is more cruel, Which is more cruel.

492
00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:03,319
Think about it. If you're a family man and you

493
00:33:03,359 --> 00:33:07,319
have five kids and they kill you, your family lives on.

494
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:11,920
They can still push forth your family history, your culture,

495
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:16,880
who you are, who you were. Over on the other side,

496
00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:18,400
if you have five kids and you're sending them to

497
00:33:18,440 --> 00:33:21,359
school and they're teaching them that you know that the

498
00:33:21,680 --> 00:33:28,680
African migrant who's being forced integrated into your community is

499
00:33:28,720 --> 00:33:30,839
no different than you, and that you're all just humans

500
00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:39,279
and family doesn't matter. It's all that matters is this

501
00:33:39,839 --> 00:33:45,480
homogeneous nothing where no one has a history anymore, no

502
00:33:45,559 --> 00:33:53,720
one has a culture anymore. I mean one is certainly worse. Unfortunately,

503
00:33:53,759 --> 00:33:56,680
a lot of us have been brainwashed into believing that

504
00:33:56,839 --> 00:34:04,240
death is worse than this basically racial cleansing that they're doing.

505
00:34:05,799 --> 00:34:12,599
In democracy, politics was received in a different way. Depoliticization

506
00:34:13,320 --> 00:34:16,360
was not and could not be an ultimate goal. Democracy

507
00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:20,519
is the most political of all known regimes. None other

508
00:34:20,760 --> 00:34:23,880
engages so many people in civic responsibilities, and none of

509
00:34:23,960 --> 00:34:26,239
that depends so much on them for its own existence.

510
00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:30,000
If the number of participating citizens decreases, the democracy is

511
00:34:30,079 --> 00:34:33,119
believed to be falling into a state of crisis and

512
00:34:33,199 --> 00:34:37,280
possible delegitimization. If the democratic system is upheld by the

513
00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:41,119
activity of a minority, not a majority, it ceases, theoretically

514
00:34:41,159 --> 00:34:44,599
at least to be democratic, and the entire political mechanism

515
00:34:44,719 --> 00:34:52,559
breaks down. The democratic politicization of a special is of

516
00:34:52,599 --> 00:34:56,159
a special kind, being energized by the spirit of partisanship.

517
00:34:56,800 --> 00:34:59,639
Modern democracies function on the assumption that the driving force

518
00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:04,159
politics is society's opportunity to choose a program according to

519
00:35:04,199 --> 00:35:07,079
which the country should be governed. These programs are presented

520
00:35:07,199 --> 00:35:09,960
to the public by a variety of political parties, and

521
00:35:10,079 --> 00:35:13,320
the public, through a process of elections, selects a party

522
00:35:13,480 --> 00:35:16,320
or a group of parties, and gives their representatives the

523
00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:21,639
mandate to implement the chosen program. As Joseph Schumpeter accurately wrote,

524
00:35:22,199 --> 00:35:25,400
democracy is a contest organized periodically by the public to

525
00:35:25,480 --> 00:35:31,679
select their representatives. Democratic society is thus political out of necessity,

526
00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:36,000
because through elections, it automatically gets involved in the struggle

527
00:35:36,079 --> 00:35:40,000
for power. Moreover, this involvement is a civic duty which

528
00:35:40,039 --> 00:35:43,519
the people can renounce only at the price of destroying democracy.

529
00:35:44,960 --> 00:35:47,800
You know, if you if you don't vote, you can't complain. Right,

530
00:35:49,360 --> 00:35:54,800
the political mechanism seems almost perfect. Its advantages are manifold.

531
00:35:55,480 --> 00:35:58,119
It protects the people from uncontrolled power and provides a

532
00:35:58,239 --> 00:36:01,920
right to participate in politics. It secures a smooth transition

533
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:04,840
of power from one political group to another. It offers

534
00:36:04,880 --> 00:36:07,519
a wide range of competing programs from which the voters

535
00:36:07,559 --> 00:36:10,599
can choose. It keeps the losing parties within the system,

536
00:36:10,639 --> 00:36:13,039
as they may hope for success in the next election.

537
00:36:13,599 --> 00:36:16,920
Of course, in reality, the democratic system is strongly deviated

538
00:36:16,960 --> 00:36:19,519
from this model in one or more aspects. But it

539
00:36:19,559 --> 00:36:23,760
cannot be denied that the mechanism proved formidably efficient in

540
00:36:23,880 --> 00:36:29,920
stabilizing the process of transferring power through elections. The emergence

541
00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:32,679
of liberal democracy strengthened the bad sides rather than the

542
00:36:32,760 --> 00:36:35,880
good sides of the democratic model. The system soon began

543
00:36:35,960 --> 00:36:38,360
to limit the offer of the party programs from which

544
00:36:38,440 --> 00:36:41,199
the voters were to choose. Of course, the idea that

545
00:36:41,239 --> 00:36:44,199
democracy is a system where we, the voters, have brought

546
00:36:44,280 --> 00:36:47,559
offerings to choose from, like the customers in a department store.

547
00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:51,880
Responding to the multiplicity of political preferences rationally examined by

548
00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:55,400
us as individuals and groups never accorded with the facts.

549
00:36:57,000 --> 00:36:59,960
A society might be large, but it needs to be diversified.

550
00:37:00,199 --> 00:37:04,639
It need not be diversified. As early as the Athenian democracy,

551
00:37:04,719 --> 00:37:07,599
it was discovered that the spectacularly noisy conflicts of the

552
00:37:07,639 --> 00:37:10,480
bickering political groups did not change the herd like nature

553
00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:16,360
of demos, and that when whatever the initial diversity, democratic

554
00:37:16,480 --> 00:37:21,440
tendencies steer society towards some kind of uniformity. Tokeville, Mill

555
00:37:22,079 --> 00:37:24,559
and a host of others made a similar argument about

556
00:37:24,559 --> 00:37:30,679
the modern representative democracies, this phenomenon should not be surprised

557
00:37:30,679 --> 00:37:33,239
in giving the nature of the democratic man a rather

558
00:37:33,400 --> 00:37:36,519
uninspired being, not much interested in the world around him,

559
00:37:36,679 --> 00:37:40,920
closed within his own prejudices, and amenable to impulses of mimicry.

560
00:37:41,840 --> 00:37:47,119
Democracies have therefore always been threatened by and pushed into uniformity.

561
00:37:47,880 --> 00:37:51,159
The mechanism that formed the uniformity of aesthetic tastes of

562
00:37:51,280 --> 00:37:55,840
fashion and with its powerful, often absurd, and yet irresistible waves,

563
00:37:56,280 --> 00:37:59,639
could be, and in fact has been easily extended to

564
00:37:59,679 --> 00:38:03,199
them in a political opinion. True, the party system, which

565
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:08,559
legitimize political divergences serve to counteract this tendency. For this reason,

566
00:38:08,639 --> 00:38:13,039
representative democracy was considered superior to direct democracy, as it

567
00:38:13,199 --> 00:38:16,119
was thought to have the tools with which groups could

568
00:38:16,559 --> 00:38:20,840
defend their political identity against other groups with different identities.

569
00:38:22,639 --> 00:38:29,599
Why should you have to do that? There are communities

570
00:38:29,760 --> 00:38:36,719
all over this country that are basically monocultural, yet they

571
00:38:36,800 --> 00:38:45,760
are threatened by the vote of somebody three thousand miles away. Unfortunately,

572
00:38:45,840 --> 00:38:49,079
since the transformation of democracy into a liberal democracy, the

573
00:38:49,119 --> 00:38:53,360
spectrum of political acceptability has been distinctly limited. Liberal democracy

574
00:38:53,400 --> 00:38:56,039
has created its own orthodoxy, which causes it to become

575
00:38:56,159 --> 00:39:00,519
less of a forum for articulating positions and agreeing on actions, then,

576
00:39:00,880 --> 00:39:03,679
to a much higher extent, a political mechanism for the

577
00:39:03,719 --> 00:39:07,800
selection of people, organizations, and ideas in line with the orthodoxy.

578
00:39:08,519 --> 00:39:10,880
This phenomenon can be seen especially in Europe, where in

579
00:39:10,920 --> 00:39:15,000
the past few decades there has been a major ideological

580
00:39:15,440 --> 00:39:19,719
reprochement of the right and left wing parties. This resulted

581
00:39:19,719 --> 00:39:22,480
in the formation of what is called the political mainstream,

582
00:39:22,880 --> 00:39:27,440
which includes socialists, Christian Democrats, the Greens, social Democrats, liberals,

583
00:39:27,519 --> 00:39:33,000
and even conservatives. The mainstream that runs in Europe today

584
00:39:33,079 --> 00:39:35,199
is tilted far more to the left and to the right.

585
00:39:36,119 --> 00:39:38,360
Within it, the left has made a slight shift to

586
00:39:38,440 --> 00:39:41,599
the right in some matters, mostly economic, and made a

587
00:39:41,679 --> 00:39:44,639
further move to the left in other matters, mostly moral.

588
00:39:45,239 --> 00:39:48,079
While the right wing movement shift to the left was huge.

589
00:39:50,480 --> 00:39:52,880
Such a process has its roots in the past, even

590
00:39:52,920 --> 00:39:57,119
quite distant, but undoubtedly the single most decisive direct impact

591
00:39:57,239 --> 00:39:59,519
came from what happened throughout the Western world in the

592
00:39:59,679 --> 00:40:03,960
nineties teen sixties. It was then that a massive political

593
00:40:04,039 --> 00:40:07,119
revolution broke out and brought the left wing to dominant position.

594
00:40:08,199 --> 00:40:11,679
If you go back and you check out my episode

595
00:40:11,800 --> 00:40:15,239
with Adam from Mith of the twentieth Century where we

596
00:40:15,440 --> 00:40:20,440
talk about What's his name Carrie Bolton's new book on

597
00:40:20,639 --> 00:40:25,800
the Revolution of nineteen sixty eight. This wasn't an organic

598
00:40:26,599 --> 00:40:33,840
revolution political revolution. This was an elite revolution to change

599
00:40:34,920 --> 00:40:39,599
the political dynamics and the cultural dynamics of the country

600
00:40:39,840 --> 00:40:42,639
and of the West. Because it happened in every country,

601
00:40:43,599 --> 00:40:47,159
much like the revolutions of eighteen forty eight happened. It

602
00:40:47,280 --> 00:40:51,039
happened in every country. It was then that a massive

603
00:40:51,079 --> 00:40:53,039
political revolution broke out and brought the left wing to

604
00:40:53,119 --> 00:40:55,679
a dominant position. The language of the revolution was a

605
00:40:55,760 --> 00:41:01,719
medley of anarchist slogans, a Marxist rhetoric of class struggle

606
00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:05,639
and the overthrowing of capitalism, and a liberal language of rights.

607
00:41:05,719 --> 00:41:09,719
Emancipation and discrimination. Capitalism in the state were the main targets,

608
00:41:09,719 --> 00:41:13,880
but university schools, family law, and social mores were attacked

609
00:41:13,920 --> 00:41:19,599
with equal vehemence. The revolution broke out unexpectedly, considering the

610
00:41:19,679 --> 00:41:21,840
fact that the Western societies were then at a peak

611
00:41:21,880 --> 00:41:25,800
of economic prosperity and democratic stability. To be sure, there

612
00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:29,800
existed factors that tarnished this rosy picture and substantially changed

613
00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:33,480
the mood of the public, the European power's stormy process

614
00:41:33,559 --> 00:41:37,960
of decolonization, America's entanglement in the Vietnam War, and political

615
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:42,800
awakening of political awakening of the black population. The revolution

616
00:41:42,920 --> 00:41:45,039
of the sixties was a success because much of what

617
00:41:45,119 --> 00:41:49,440
the revolutionaries proclaimed was met with widespread sympathy. Many thought,

618
00:41:49,519 --> 00:41:53,159
and apparently they were right, that Europe, indeed the entire West,

619
00:41:53,400 --> 00:41:55,679
had been for a long time harboring the ideas that

620
00:41:55,800 --> 00:41:58,159
provided a fertile soil for left wing movements of the

621
00:41:58,280 --> 00:42:03,239
kind that shook the world in the sixth These you know,

622
00:42:03,320 --> 00:42:09,960
I always say that if if the National Socialist hadn't

623
00:42:10,079 --> 00:42:15,679
burned a lot of the research from the Institute for

624
00:42:15,880 --> 00:42:19,360
Sex in Ymar which was doing all this trends stuff,

625
00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:23,239
well we could have seen this trans movement in the

626
00:42:23,360 --> 00:42:28,760
sixties being pushed as hard as it has been. And

627
00:42:28,840 --> 00:42:31,239
I know everything wasn't destroyed, and there was still a

628
00:42:31,280 --> 00:42:33,519
lot of research there. But I've read a lot of

629
00:42:33,639 --> 00:42:36,199
articles by them, and they could be lying, because I mean,

630
00:42:36,280 --> 00:42:44,400
they're just liars saying that that burning sent them sent

631
00:42:44,440 --> 00:42:49,840
them back decades. Among the ideas that defined the West

632
00:42:49,920 --> 00:42:53,119
modern identity, shaped its image of the future, and provided

633
00:42:53,159 --> 00:42:55,960
fuel for revolutions, was first and foremost the idea of equality.

634
00:42:56,400 --> 00:43:01,360
As Francois Foray rightly wrote, equality gave the West the

635
00:43:01,639 --> 00:43:04,480
main moral impulse and determined the direction in which the

636
00:43:04,519 --> 00:43:08,920
political imagination pushed to fighters for a better world. The

637
00:43:08,960 --> 00:43:12,480
paramount status of equality clearly favored the left much more

638
00:43:12,920 --> 00:43:18,679
than the political right. Not only was there a tremendous

639
00:43:18,679 --> 00:43:20,800
shift of the left in politics, but this shift was

640
00:43:20,880 --> 00:43:25,320
sanctioned almost naturally and without much resistance from intellectuals and politicians,

641
00:43:25,760 --> 00:43:29,440
as it spoils a political progress. A similar shift occurred

642
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:32,920
in the United States, although for specifically American reasons, a

643
00:43:33,039 --> 00:43:36,760
process that has taken place there in the years since

644
00:43:36,880 --> 00:43:39,000
is more complex and the left still meets with a

645
00:43:39,079 --> 00:43:43,159
major counter offensive. Therefore, in America we can still see

646
00:43:43,159 --> 00:43:46,199
a cultural war continuing unresolved for several decades, although the

647
00:43:46,280 --> 00:43:49,119
forces of the left seemed to prevail gradually over those

648
00:43:49,199 --> 00:43:53,119
of the right. Europe has not had such a war,

649
00:43:53,559 --> 00:43:55,559
and it is highly unlikely it will break out in

650
00:43:55,599 --> 00:43:58,239
the foreseeable future, as there is no social force of

651
00:43:58,320 --> 00:44:02,159
any consequence that could law offensive against the cultural monopoly

652
00:44:02,320 --> 00:44:06,360
of the left. It was this formation of a broad

653
00:44:06,480 --> 00:44:10,000
political consensus in the sixties that generated a major influence

654
00:44:10,039 --> 00:44:13,599
on the character of the social and institutional changes in Europe.

655
00:44:14,360 --> 00:44:18,519
Although the multi party mechanism continued to induce the parties

656
00:44:18,559 --> 00:44:22,320
to assert their own distinct identities against their opponents, the

657
00:44:22,400 --> 00:44:26,880
overall degree of diversification conspicuously declined. From that time, it

658
00:44:26,920 --> 00:44:31,559
has been customary to talk of mainstream politics and mainstream parties.

659
00:44:32,199 --> 00:44:36,320
This disqualifying word has become an essential ingredient of today's

660
00:44:36,400 --> 00:44:40,719
political discourse and denotes a large cross party area of ideas, objectives,

661
00:44:40,800 --> 00:44:45,639
and programs shared by the major political forces. The tricky

662
00:44:45,679 --> 00:44:48,559
side of mainstream politics is that it does not tolerate

663
00:44:48,679 --> 00:44:52,400
any political tributaries and denies that they should have any

664
00:44:52,519 --> 00:44:56,960
legitimate existence. Those outside the mainstream are believed to be

665
00:44:57,079 --> 00:45:01,159
either mavericks and as such not deserve to be treated seriously,

666
00:45:01,320 --> 00:45:06,199
or fascist who should be politically eliminated. When I was

667
00:45:06,239 --> 00:45:09,159
talking earlier about the difference between like West Germany and

668
00:45:09,159 --> 00:45:13,639
East Germany, just to give you an example, he's talking

669
00:45:13,679 --> 00:45:17,920
about how everything's been liberalized over there in Germany. The

670
00:45:18,079 --> 00:45:22,480
towns that were behind the Iron curtain right now are

671
00:45:23,760 --> 00:45:29,400
would probably be they're considered backwards compared to the towns

672
00:45:29,440 --> 00:45:32,079
that were on the west side. They're much more conservative.

673
00:45:32,280 --> 00:45:37,440
Why they were protected from all this stuff. They didn't

674
00:45:37,480 --> 00:45:43,440
go through his sixties, so they're actually way more conservative

675
00:45:45,119 --> 00:45:52,360
than towns in historical West Germany. The bundes Republic. This

676
00:45:52,519 --> 00:45:56,159
process marked the historical change not sufficiently to my mind,

677
00:45:56,519 --> 00:46:00,559
noted and examined the liberal democratic system until then, a

678
00:46:00,719 --> 00:46:04,320
loose procedural device with two major elements, a multi party

679
00:46:04,760 --> 00:46:08,559
mechanism and universal suffrage, turned into a petrified set of

680
00:46:08,639 --> 00:46:15,559
ideas and specific political goals. Basically, there are only two

681
00:46:16,039 --> 00:46:19,400
acceptable ways of thinking. And really it's only one acceptable

682
00:46:19,440 --> 00:46:24,760
way of thinking with certain allowed deviations, and that's how

683
00:46:24,800 --> 00:46:28,519
you get a Democrat and a Republican party. But everybody

684
00:46:28,639 --> 00:46:35,440
votes for money for Ukraine. Everybody votes for money for Israel. Moreover,

685
00:46:35,559 --> 00:46:38,760
those ideas and goals acquired a strong radical coloring as

686
00:46:38,800 --> 00:46:42,159
a result of the nineteen sixties Revolution, which profoundly transformed

687
00:46:42,199 --> 00:46:45,639
Western societies. The revolution was carried out under the banner

688
00:46:45,639 --> 00:46:48,760
of the liberation of various oppressed groups, those who wanted

689
00:46:48,760 --> 00:46:51,079
to be liberated as well as those who never considered

690
00:46:51,119 --> 00:46:56,079
themselves oppressed. But once the liberal democratic institutions assimilated these

691
00:46:56,159 --> 00:46:59,440
ideas and goals and were forced to reassume that their

692
00:46:59,519 --> 00:47:03,679
task was to continue this process of liberation through imposing

693
00:47:03,719 --> 00:47:07,559
appropriate legal measures and introducing new social norms, they unleashed

694
00:47:07,639 --> 00:47:11,960
a rapidly increasing politicization that could not be stopped without

695
00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:15,800
rejecting the basic assumption. Whoever dared to doubt that liberal

696
00:47:15,840 --> 00:47:19,159
democracy should work for the emancipation of every new groups

697
00:47:19,920 --> 00:47:22,079
was immediately liable to a charge of being an enemy

698
00:47:22,119 --> 00:47:26,880
of liberal democracy. As such, what happened as soon as

699
00:47:26,960 --> 00:47:35,000
people started pointing out that Haitians had taken over Springfield, Missouri, Springfield, Ohio,

700
00:47:36,039 --> 00:47:40,400
or that they were being shipped into Silicaga, Alabama. These

701
00:47:40,480 --> 00:47:45,239
became the new groups that needed to be protected. They

702
00:47:45,320 --> 00:47:52,159
became they became victims of people pointing out that they

703
00:47:52,199 --> 00:47:57,400
were there. The revolution that shook the modern the Western

704
00:47:57,440 --> 00:47:59,800
world in the sixties did not happened at the time

705
00:48:00,079 --> 00:48:03,280
in the societies of stifling authoritarianism, but on the contrary,

706
00:48:03,320 --> 00:48:05,880
in an era and in the countries where the democratic

707
00:48:05,920 --> 00:48:09,199
system was quite firmly established, and yet the rebels were

708
00:48:09,239 --> 00:48:11,679
so unhappy with it that they chose to reject it

709
00:48:12,360 --> 00:48:15,079
in most inflammatory ways. And with it they challenged the

710
00:48:15,159 --> 00:48:19,360
existing party system, which, as they claimed, differentiated the political

711
00:48:19,400 --> 00:48:24,360
spectrum only superficially, preserving the status quo. This status quo

712
00:48:24,440 --> 00:48:26,840
and this arrangement had thus to be broken, but not

713
00:48:26,920 --> 00:48:30,639
within the system, but from outside it through action direct.

714
00:48:33,400 --> 00:48:36,519
The party system had to be had to capitulate to

715
00:48:36,559 --> 00:48:38,840
the will of the people, or rather to the movement

716
00:48:38,920 --> 00:48:42,000
that quite arbitrarily assumed the role of the will of

717
00:48:42,119 --> 00:48:47,559
the people. The revolution was not a triumph of classical democracy,

718
00:48:47,800 --> 00:48:51,360
but an explosion of livid impatience directed. It's a discipline

719
00:48:51,360 --> 00:48:57,440
of the democratic system. We go back to that. You

720
00:48:57,559 --> 00:49:01,360
have a movement that quite arbitrary assumed the role of

721
00:49:01,440 --> 00:49:04,559
the will of the people. The will of people in

722
00:49:04,599 --> 00:49:06,880
the United States right now is to fix the economy,

723
00:49:07,039 --> 00:49:11,000
to deport immigrants, to close the borders, and many other

724
00:49:11,079 --> 00:49:15,280
things that Donald Trump has said that he is going

725
00:49:15,360 --> 00:49:18,719
to do. He has adopted the will of the people.

726
00:49:21,280 --> 00:49:26,039
And if he doesn't do that, that he quite arbitrarily

727
00:49:26,199 --> 00:49:32,559
assumed the role of the will of the people. Politics.

728
00:49:36,079 --> 00:49:38,599
It became necessary to fight for a democracy that was

729
00:49:38,719 --> 00:49:41,440
more and more democratic, as well as more and more liberal,

730
00:49:41,679 --> 00:49:45,119
a democracy liberated once and for all from all conservative burdens,

731
00:49:45,559 --> 00:49:48,800
a democracy that was certain to bring specific laws, norms,

732
00:49:48,920 --> 00:49:52,639
and mindsets. And if it fell short of these aims

733
00:49:52,679 --> 00:49:55,280
in any respect, it was generally understood that the system

734
00:49:55,320 --> 00:49:58,719
could be manipulated in order to bring what each dedicated

735
00:49:58,800 --> 00:50:03,800
liberal democrat considered to be an indisputable, indisputable benefit. Within

736
00:50:03,840 --> 00:50:06,519
a short period of time, Europeans changed their perception of

737
00:50:06,599 --> 00:50:12,320
democratic politics and became convinced that it was about modernization, progress, pluralism, tolerance,

738
00:50:12,400 --> 00:50:15,119
and other sacred aims which were to be carried out

739
00:50:15,159 --> 00:50:22,599
regardless of what the voters decided during elections four. The

740
00:50:22,679 --> 00:50:25,800
crowning achievement of these changes in the perception of democratic

741
00:50:25,880 --> 00:50:29,719
politics was the European Union, which, after the Treaty of Mastricht,

742
00:50:30,480 --> 00:50:34,239
boldly stepped into a new political role, surpassing everything that

743
00:50:34,320 --> 00:50:38,880
could be seen so far in the national states. Earlier

744
00:50:38,960 --> 00:50:41,719
forms of European integration were the work of politicians who

745
00:50:41,800 --> 00:50:45,079
still had a living and painful memory of the previous

746
00:50:45,159 --> 00:50:49,679
war in all its horrors. By launching a plan for integration,

747
00:50:49,840 --> 00:50:52,320
these politicians reacted to the experience of the war, with

748
00:50:52,440 --> 00:50:55,719
its hitherto unknown forms of depravity of human nature and

749
00:50:55,760 --> 00:50:59,920
its uncontrolled explosion of political madness. By any standard, they

750
00:51:00,079 --> 00:51:02,679
or remarkable people by virtue of their lives and education,

751
00:51:02,960 --> 00:51:06,559
deeply indebted to what was best in Western culture, particularly

752
00:51:06,599 --> 00:51:09,960
its Christian and classical heritage. While it is true that

753
00:51:10,599 --> 00:51:13,039
what they wrote about the future of Europe was sometimes

754
00:51:13,119 --> 00:51:17,199
too naive and unnecessarily idealistic, their writings still impressed us

755
00:51:17,239 --> 00:51:19,840
with the political seriousness and the gravity of thought that

756
00:51:20,000 --> 00:51:23,559
only the best traditions of European culture could inspire. Today,

757
00:51:23,599 --> 00:51:26,760
it is difficult to find public figures of similar intellectual

758
00:51:26,800 --> 00:51:32,000
and spiritual stature. When one compares to founding fathers of

759
00:51:32,079 --> 00:51:34,840
integration with the current EU leaders, one cannot resist an

760
00:51:34,880 --> 00:51:37,239
impression that the former belonged to a different world of

761
00:51:37,320 --> 00:51:43,519
a long time past, hardly recognizable today. The memory of

762
00:51:43,559 --> 00:51:45,800
the war experience it gave birth to the idea of integration.

763
00:51:45,960 --> 00:51:48,679
War itself out with time, but the passage of time

764
00:51:48,840 --> 00:51:52,119
was not the only or even the decisive factor. The

765
00:51:52,199 --> 00:51:56,159
war was soon forgotten in Western European countries, which, after

766
00:51:56,239 --> 00:51:59,239
its completion were almost immediately caught in the turmoil of

767
00:51:59,280 --> 00:52:03,320
decolonization that reoriented the consciousness of the population and then

768
00:52:03,400 --> 00:52:06,000
came the Revolution of the sixties. For the majority of

769
00:52:06,079 --> 00:52:09,440
Europeans today, World War II is a closed stage of history,

770
00:52:09,559 --> 00:52:12,800
both in terms of individual human biography and because it

771
00:52:12,880 --> 00:52:14,559
has been judged to belong to the world of the

772
00:52:14,599 --> 00:52:17,559
past with no connections to the present. On the other hand,

773
00:52:17,599 --> 00:52:20,079
the Revolution of the sixties is still a living experience,

774
00:52:20,159 --> 00:52:22,639
not only in the minds of old men remembering their

775
00:52:22,679 --> 00:52:26,440
rebellious youth, but also because its social mythology is still

776
00:52:26,559 --> 00:52:32,760
eagerly received and relived by the younger generation. At some point,

777
00:52:32,840 --> 00:52:36,519
the sixty eight generation finally laid their hands on European integration.

778
00:52:37,119 --> 00:52:40,400
The difference between the founding fathers and their successors is ignormous.

779
00:52:41,000 --> 00:52:46,000
The former were, like their philosophical predecessors, from Hugo Groscis

780
00:52:46,039 --> 00:52:49,679
to Kant, seekers of perpetual peace. In their moments of

781
00:52:49,840 --> 00:52:54,159
sentimental nostalgia, they spoke fondly of a European brotherhood of nations,

782
00:52:54,239 --> 00:52:59,239
thus resembling the former visionaries of European spiritual unity their successors.

783
00:52:59,280 --> 00:53:02,199
It took over the War of Integration, created the Union

784
00:53:02,239 --> 00:53:06,119
in Mastradict and have been ruling it since. No longer

785
00:53:06,239 --> 00:53:09,639
talk about peace or no longer talk about peace or

786
00:53:09,639 --> 00:53:12,760
evoca shared European heritage, but seeks to construct a federal

787
00:53:12,880 --> 00:53:17,320
superstate to create a European demos and a new European man.

788
00:53:18,039 --> 00:53:20,920
They are extraordinarily self confident and arrogant, and have no

789
00:53:21,039 --> 00:53:24,159
particular respect for the heritage they do not know and

790
00:53:24,280 --> 00:53:27,000
do not intend to learn about. They are bureaucrats and

791
00:53:27,039 --> 00:53:32,039
apparatics rather than visionaries and statesmen. They were not shaped

792
00:53:32,039 --> 00:53:34,280
by the European culture, of which they have limited knowledge

793
00:53:34,320 --> 00:53:38,519
and toward which they do not bear form feelings. The

794
00:53:38,599 --> 00:53:41,159
European Union reflects the order and the spirit of liberal

795
00:53:41,199 --> 00:53:44,920
democracy in its most degenerate version. If the strongest features

796
00:53:44,920 --> 00:53:48,039
of democracy were the elections and its built in possibility

797
00:53:48,519 --> 00:53:51,800
of changing governments and its programs, the European Union has

798
00:53:51,840 --> 00:53:54,800
done everything possible to reduce this possibility to the minimum.

799
00:53:57,400 --> 00:53:59,880
There are no clear mechanisms for the transmission of power

800
00:54:00,000 --> 00:54:02,679
and no institutionalized way for the voters to affect the

801
00:54:02,800 --> 00:54:06,440
direct the direction in which the EU should go. The

802
00:54:06,519 --> 00:54:09,000
EU Parliament does not create the government and does not

803
00:54:09,159 --> 00:54:13,159
have much power. Moreover, it is probable that the only

804
00:54:13,239 --> 00:54:15,920
parliamentary body in the world not to mention some of

805
00:54:15,960 --> 00:54:19,199
the communists and authoritarian regimes where there is no opposition.

806
00:54:22,119 --> 00:54:24,920
Regardless of who wins the elections. The European Parliament's key

807
00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:27,679
decisions are made by the same political cartel, and the

808
00:54:27,719 --> 00:54:33,880
same policy has been continued for years. European government, or

809
00:54:33,960 --> 00:54:36,400
rather something that is the equivalent of the government, ie

810
00:54:36,559 --> 00:54:39,559
the European Commission, did not arise as a result of

811
00:54:39,599 --> 00:54:42,480
a decision by the voting electorate, but is completely independent

812
00:54:42,559 --> 00:54:47,400
of the voter's will. The main functions in the European

813
00:54:47,480 --> 00:54:49,760
Union are conducted by people who are not elected and

814
00:54:49,880 --> 00:54:53,079
cannot be recalled by voters who have absolutely no effective

815
00:54:53,079 --> 00:54:56,440
political tools. How then, in times of such brazen and

816
00:54:56,559 --> 00:55:00,400
pervasive democratic rhetoric, could such an undemocratic instance who should

817
00:55:00,400 --> 00:55:05,000
be created? Contrary to appearances, Answering this question is quite

818
00:55:05,079 --> 00:55:08,199
easy if one remembers what was said above. The European

819
00:55:08,320 --> 00:55:11,360
Union was not deliberately created as an antidemocratic system to

820
00:55:11,440 --> 00:55:15,400
count available weaknesses of democracy, but on the contrary, as

821
00:55:15,440 --> 00:55:21,320
a hyperdemocratic or hyperliberal democratic project. At least since the

822
00:55:21,400 --> 00:55:24,880
time of Maastricht, it has been in the hands of

823
00:55:25,480 --> 00:55:29,760
politicians and bureaucrats who, whatever their party affiliation, consider themselves

824
00:55:29,800 --> 00:55:32,280
to be the model liberal democrats, ready to convert the

825
00:55:32,320 --> 00:55:38,880
whole of Europe and even the whole world to liberal democracy. Consequently,

826
00:55:38,920 --> 00:55:41,159
European politicians do not see any problem in singing in

827
00:55:41,199 --> 00:55:44,599
the praises of liberal democracy while failing to tolerate any

828
00:55:44,639 --> 00:55:48,639
deviation from the orthodoxy the mainstream, believing themselves to be

829
00:55:48,719 --> 00:55:56,719
the embodiment the quint's assassins and I can say that

830
00:55:56,840 --> 00:56:00,000
word when I'm not reading it, and the fundamental guarantee

831
00:56:00,039 --> 00:56:03,280
he of the liberal democratic order. They consider it obvious

832
00:56:03,400 --> 00:56:06,920
that all those who think differently and challenge their authority

833
00:56:07,039 --> 00:56:10,920
must be enemies of the order, that fighting them is

834
00:56:12,360 --> 00:56:17,280
a just defense. Let me see, let me read that again.

835
00:56:19,360 --> 00:56:25,559
Believing themselves to be the embodiment Quint's ass qence, assessance

836
00:56:26,280 --> 00:56:29,199
and the fundamental guarantee of the liberal democratic order, they

837
00:56:29,239 --> 00:56:31,920
consider it obvious that all those who think differently and

838
00:56:32,079 --> 00:56:34,760
challenge their authority must be enemies of the order, and

839
00:56:34,840 --> 00:56:39,360
that fighting them is just defense. Equally, it is clear

840
00:56:39,440 --> 00:56:43,039
to them that the parliament, where the same cartel has

841
00:56:43,119 --> 00:56:45,880
ruled for years and will still rule unopposed for years

842
00:56:45,920 --> 00:56:49,599
to come, is more perfect political construction than national parliaments,

843
00:56:49,599 --> 00:56:53,000
where there is usually an opposition, sometimes even from outside

844
00:56:53,039 --> 00:56:56,280
the mainstream, which in the next election has an opportunity

845
00:56:56,320 --> 00:56:58,440
to win a majority of seats, create a government, and

846
00:56:58,599 --> 00:57:00,639
change the direction of the policy to a greater or

847
00:57:00,760 --> 00:57:04,199
lesser extent. In the EU, a change in policy is

848
00:57:04,239 --> 00:57:10,920
always regarded as disaster of unimaginable proportions. To the European politicians.

849
00:57:10,960 --> 00:57:13,280
The fact that the actual direction of EU policy is

850
00:57:13,320 --> 00:57:15,840
created by people who do not have an electoral mandate

851
00:57:16,280 --> 00:57:19,440
is of no particular importance because, as they probably assume,

852
00:57:20,039 --> 00:57:22,800
these people were selected and anointed by the elite mainstream

853
00:57:25,320 --> 00:57:29,039
European politicians thus fall victims of the same self mystification

854
00:57:29,320 --> 00:57:32,400
as other groups who identified their own behavior with the

855
00:57:32,480 --> 00:57:35,400
views attributed to them. They are motivated by a strong

856
00:57:35,480 --> 00:57:38,400
belief that they represent the system, which, as is commonly believe,

857
00:57:38,519 --> 00:57:42,039
respect diversity, choice and pluralism, and this allows them to

858
00:57:42,079 --> 00:57:45,159
believe that their rule, albeit still performed by the same

859
00:57:45,239 --> 00:57:48,239
majority and having only a loose relationship with the preferences

860
00:57:48,280 --> 00:57:51,239
of the voter, is also the rule that respects diversity,

861
00:57:51,360 --> 00:57:56,360
choice and pluralism. So why risk a good thing? Why

862
00:57:56,440 --> 00:58:00,480
overrely on the decision of voters? Referendum in old traditional

863
00:58:00,599 --> 00:58:03,960
solution of direct democracy, which as serious flaws but is

864
00:58:04,039 --> 00:58:08,039
sometimes necessary, has for some time now not enjoyed the

865
00:58:08,119 --> 00:58:12,440
respect of the EU mainstream. Forcing the ratification of the

866
00:58:12,480 --> 00:58:15,599
Treaty of Lisbon without a referendum and then playing a

867
00:58:15,639 --> 00:58:20,239
pretty perfidious game with the Irish referendum are illustrative examples

868
00:58:20,320 --> 00:58:26,519
of these politics. Recently, Greece was prevented from holding a

869
00:58:26,599 --> 00:58:30,079
referendum on the issues related to its financial crisis. On

870
00:58:30,159 --> 00:58:32,400
the other hand, if it is convenient, the EU blasts

871
00:58:32,440 --> 00:58:34,599
the government it dislikes for failing to adopt a new

872
00:58:34,679 --> 00:58:40,559
Constitution by referendum. Its attack for this reason on Hungary

873
00:58:40,760 --> 00:58:43,440
was of course outrageous, given the deceitful attempts by the

874
00:58:43,559 --> 00:58:47,400
Union itself to adopt its own constitution without consulting the

875
00:58:47,440 --> 00:58:53,480
people at all. Even elections an impeccably democratic institution, it

876
00:58:53,519 --> 00:58:57,960
would seem, are not necessarily deemed always desirable. Recently, precedent

877
00:58:58,159 --> 00:59:01,719
setting cases occurred when the governments in two EU countries,

878
00:59:01,800 --> 00:59:05,239
Greece and Italy, were changed without elections, only under pressure

879
00:59:05,280 --> 00:59:10,960
from the European institutions as expected, as special circumstances, namely

880
00:59:11,039 --> 00:59:15,360
the financial crisis, were indicated to justify such steps, But

881
00:59:15,519 --> 00:59:19,079
the bare fact is that was violated was not a

882
00:59:19,159 --> 00:59:21,440
simple rule or custom, but the holiest of the holy

883
00:59:21,519 --> 00:59:24,280
principles by which, as we have been made to believe,

884
00:59:24,519 --> 00:59:31,000
democracy stands or falls. Sometimes the country may hold elections

885
00:59:31,119 --> 00:59:33,679
universal fare and according to all other rules, but the

886
00:59:33,760 --> 00:59:37,760
results are against the expectations of the mainstream, then their

887
00:59:37,800 --> 00:59:43,719
credibility in the eyes of the Union decreases, respectively. Case

888
00:59:43,800 --> 00:59:45,920
and point are the reactions to the EU of the

889
00:59:46,000 --> 00:59:49,519
EU to the government of the Law and Justice Party

890
00:59:49,559 --> 00:59:53,480
in Poland and the fidays government in Hungary. Immediately after

891
00:59:53,559 --> 00:59:58,000
the elections launched an extremely aggressive hostility campaign. The mind

892
00:59:58,039 --> 01:00:00,480
of a model EU politician has been con addition, in

893
01:00:00,599 --> 01:00:03,159
such a way that any dissonate moved to the right

894
01:00:03,239 --> 01:00:09,639
from the mainstream must meet the most severe condemnation. Learn

895
01:00:09,719 --> 01:00:13,559
that over here, huh, especially on the right quote unquote.

896
01:00:14,800 --> 01:00:17,360
The EU political system is not easy to define, and

897
01:00:17,480 --> 01:00:22,000
there are several ways to look at it. It can be,

898
01:00:22,119 --> 01:00:26,639
for instance, qualified as a peculiar example of the majoritarian democracy, or,

899
01:00:26,880 --> 01:00:29,000
to put it in a less neutral way, as a

900
01:00:29,079 --> 01:00:32,400
tyranny of the majority. This shows even in a language

901
01:00:32,480 --> 01:00:37,039
used by the European politicians. When told that their supercilious

902
01:00:37,800 --> 01:00:41,519
disregard for those outside the mainstream contradicts the basic requirements

903
01:00:41,519 --> 01:00:45,679
of the liberal democracy they so touchingly praise, they ignore

904
01:00:45,719 --> 01:00:48,639
such an allegation as totally devoid of merit. A minority

905
01:00:48,760 --> 01:00:50,920
can afford to say what it wants, and still the

906
01:00:51,000 --> 01:00:54,679
majority has its way without bothering to reply. And if

907
01:00:54,719 --> 01:00:56,239
they were to provide an answer, it would be we

908
01:00:56,360 --> 01:01:00,119
have democracy here the majority rules, needless to say, the

909
01:01:00,159 --> 01:01:03,679
answer is to use communists speak to be treated dialectically.

910
01:01:04,679 --> 01:01:08,159
There are acceptable majorities, such as the Cartel, which has

911
01:01:09,639 --> 01:01:12,719
ruled the European Parliament for many years, and the unacceptable

912
01:01:12,719 --> 01:01:17,760
ones such as Hungary under the FIDE. The decision as

913
01:01:17,880 --> 01:01:20,400
to which is acceptable and which is not to be

914
01:01:20,880 --> 01:01:25,039
which is not is determined by the mainstream. The European

915
01:01:25,159 --> 01:01:29,000
Union can also be described somewhat different differently, namely as

916
01:01:29,039 --> 01:01:31,360
a kind of elite government, or better yet, as a

917
01:01:31,440 --> 01:01:36,400
liberal democratic government of the European aristocracy. The word aristocracy

918
01:01:36,559 --> 01:01:39,119
is used here in a metaphorical sense, of course, as

919
01:01:39,639 --> 01:01:41,719
is specific to a certain group of people who believe

920
01:01:41,760 --> 01:01:46,119
themselves superior to others. This feeling is probably a remnant

921
01:01:46,159 --> 01:01:48,400
of the nineteen sixties, when the leaders of today, being

922
01:01:48,480 --> 01:01:52,599
then young and rebelling against a political order, already considered themselves,

923
01:01:52,960 --> 01:02:00,159
as all revolutionaries do, superior to the slothful masses. When

924
01:02:00,159 --> 01:02:01,920
they were young, these leaders were believed to be the

925
01:02:02,039 --> 01:02:04,280
architects of the new world that was to emerge as

926
01:02:04,280 --> 01:02:06,840
the results of the revolution. Now being old, they claimed

927
01:02:06,840 --> 01:02:09,719
to be the authors of the institutional system they think

928
01:02:09,840 --> 01:02:14,920
is the greatest political success in history. The attitude in

929
01:02:14,960 --> 01:02:17,639
both cases is the same, a hasty and arrogant dismissal

930
01:02:17,719 --> 01:02:20,360
of what stands in their way and what they readily

931
01:02:20,440 --> 01:02:24,400
qualify as prejudice and anachronism. In this respect, the EU

932
01:02:24,519 --> 01:02:28,119
leaders and bureaucrats are no different from other enlightened governments

933
01:02:28,159 --> 01:02:30,800
of the past, except perhaps that they managed to conceal

934
01:02:30,880 --> 01:02:35,960
their contempt for the demos. Both of these portrayals of

935
01:02:35,960 --> 01:02:40,840
the EU has a majoritarian democracy, and as the rule

936
01:02:40,880 --> 01:02:44,199
of enlightened aristocracy, seems to contradict the standard view of

937
01:02:44,239 --> 01:02:47,320
what liberal democracy should be. No matter that this view,

938
01:02:47,519 --> 01:02:50,519
as we know, is often mistaken. In reality, both of

939
01:02:50,559 --> 01:02:53,880
them reflect well the internal logic of the system. It

940
01:02:54,039 --> 01:02:56,320
is of course true that at the level of nation states,

941
01:02:56,440 --> 01:02:59,719
voters have more to say, and tricks similar to those

942
01:02:59,800 --> 01:03:02,559
in deployed by the EU politicians would be difficult to

943
01:03:02,679 --> 01:03:06,000
manage in most member states. However, the European Union was

944
01:03:06,039 --> 01:03:10,840
not established in the Drabrian Islands, but on the Old Continent,

945
01:03:11,159 --> 01:03:14,800
and fairly adequately mirrors the present European way of thinking.

946
01:03:17,480 --> 01:03:20,159
The phenomenon of mainstream a shift to the left with

947
01:03:20,239 --> 01:03:24,559
a simultaneous reprochemont between left and right did not come

948
01:03:24,559 --> 01:03:27,719
into being in Brussels or Strasbourg, but in the nation states.

949
01:03:28,280 --> 01:03:31,159
It was also there that after the Revolution of the sixties,

950
01:03:31,280 --> 01:03:35,920
powerful political movements were mobilized to fight against every new

951
01:03:36,119 --> 01:03:40,000
forms of so called discrimination. It was in the Nation

952
01:03:40,119 --> 01:03:43,400
States where a program of enlightened liberal democracy took shape,

953
01:03:43,440 --> 01:03:45,960
with the aim to manage all facets of individual and

954
01:03:46,039 --> 01:03:49,119
social lives, and at the same time it denied political

955
01:03:49,239 --> 01:03:52,400
as well as moral legitimacy to everyone who questioned this program.

956
01:03:53,119 --> 01:03:55,760
It was there that an avalanche of legislation was launched

957
01:03:55,800 --> 01:03:59,400
to make liberal democracy the only formula for all institutions

958
01:03:59,440 --> 01:04:03,599
and community. It is true that European societies were not

959
01:04:03,719 --> 01:04:06,079
given an opportunity to vote in the referendums on the

960
01:04:06,159 --> 01:04:09,360
Lisbon Treaty, and when they had such an opportunity, as

961
01:04:09,400 --> 01:04:12,000
in the case of the Constitutional Treaty, a few of

962
01:04:12,039 --> 01:04:15,480
them voted against it. It is true that the Treaty

963
01:04:15,519 --> 01:04:18,440
of Lisbon would have ended up where its predecessor did

964
01:04:18,719 --> 01:04:21,559
in the trash basket if citizens were allowed to decide

965
01:04:21,960 --> 01:04:25,280
independently again. But once the public was excluded from the

966
01:04:25,360 --> 01:04:28,119
decision making process and the entry into the force of

967
01:04:28,199 --> 01:04:32,480
the treaty completed without their participation, no major group protested

968
01:04:32,559 --> 01:04:36,119
against the unfair and, as it is commonly said on

969
01:04:36,239 --> 01:04:42,599
democratic attempts, by their governments and eureaucratic institutions. No protests

970
01:04:42,639 --> 01:04:46,000
were voiced on other similar occasions. The public never questioned

971
01:04:46,039 --> 01:04:48,079
the role of the mainstream, and the citizens of Europe,

972
01:04:48,079 --> 01:04:50,760
as well as the political parties in Europe, did not

973
01:04:50,960 --> 01:04:56,480
exert any particular pressure on the democratization of the Union.

974
01:04:59,039 --> 01:05:00,719
To be sure, it is difficul called to import the

975
01:05:00,760 --> 01:05:03,440
EU mechanisms into the systems of the member states of

976
01:05:03,519 --> 01:05:07,800
Parliament without opposition or a non elective government. What prevents

977
01:05:07,880 --> 01:05:10,760
us from happening is the existence of old institutions too

978
01:05:10,840 --> 01:05:14,039
deeply embedded in this tradition to be easily removed. But

979
01:05:14,119 --> 01:05:16,199
if we were to imagine the creation of a completely

980
01:05:16,280 --> 01:05:19,480
new state in Europe today, the dream country of today's

981
01:05:19,519 --> 01:05:22,880
liberal democratic Europeans, most likely it would not differ much

982
01:05:22,920 --> 01:05:26,639
from the European Union. It would be ruled by the mainstream.

983
01:05:27,199 --> 01:05:30,440
The enlightened majority would not be threatened by anything or

984
01:05:30,599 --> 01:05:34,000
anybody from the margin. Those outside the mainstream would constitute

985
01:05:34,039 --> 01:05:37,239
a sort of museum of antiquities, and any alliance with

986
01:05:37,320 --> 01:05:42,440
them would be an embarrassment. In Parliament, progressive parties would

987
01:05:42,519 --> 01:05:46,119
enter into polemics with even more progressive ones competing to

988
01:05:46,239 --> 01:05:51,079
grant further powers to various privileged minorities and increasing and

989
01:05:51,239 --> 01:05:58,679
issuing increasingly bolder anti discrimination decrees. It is difficult to

990
01:05:58,760 --> 01:06:01,559
predict the future of Europe within the EU model in

991
01:06:01,679 --> 01:06:04,639
terms of the political doctrine. European society at the moment

992
01:06:04,719 --> 01:06:07,519
does not exhibit any ardent desire to move away from

993
01:06:07,559 --> 01:06:10,440
such a model, even if the inefficiency and arrogance to

994
01:06:10,519 --> 01:06:14,440
the bureaucracy is more and more annoying. Perhaps the future

995
01:06:14,480 --> 01:06:17,800
will bring some significant movement from within when the arrogance

996
01:06:17,800 --> 01:06:20,599
succeeds to a tolerable level. There is no doubt that

997
01:06:20,719 --> 01:06:23,000
a remedy must start from the nation states, and it

998
01:06:23,159 --> 01:06:26,719
is in them where the first impulse of changes should occur,

999
01:06:27,239 --> 01:06:33,199
the dethronement of the mainstream and the break of the

1000
01:06:33,239 --> 01:06:38,079
liberal democratic monopoly. Until this happens, we will have more

1001
01:06:38,119 --> 01:06:40,400
of the same. The EU will not change by its

1002
01:06:40,440 --> 01:06:42,559
own will, and the majority of Europeans will continue to

1003
01:06:42,639 --> 01:06:46,159
cling to the belief that, despite the disadvantages, the EU

1004
01:06:46,400 --> 01:06:50,039
is a more or less accurate emanation of the soul

1005
01:06:50,280 --> 01:06:56,639
of today's Europe. All right, that's it. We'll be back

1006
01:06:56,719 --> 01:07:00,920
for part six and the second half of there's only

1007
01:07:00,960 --> 01:07:04,480
five chapters in this, so we're getting pretty close to

1008
01:07:04,559 --> 01:07:07,719
the end here. And yeah, I hope you're enjoying it,

1009
01:07:08,039 --> 01:07:09,440
and I hope you're getting a lot out of it.

1010
01:07:11,679 --> 01:07:17,639
I'll look into exactly what they're doing with the EU. Now,

1011
01:07:17,880 --> 01:07:24,800
for those of us who unders properly understand globalization, this

1012
01:07:24,880 --> 01:07:27,760
should be very eye opening if you haven't really dove

1013
01:07:27,840 --> 01:07:31,360
into it yet. And from someone you know who lives

1014
01:07:31,400 --> 01:07:35,599
over there in Poland, yeah, he can give you the

1015
01:07:36,440 --> 01:07:37,960
view that you can't see from all the way over

1016
01:07:38,000 --> 01:07:42,159
here if you're listening to the States. All right, that's it.

1017
01:07:43,119 --> 01:07:48,320
We'll see you back for part six in a few days.

1018
01:07:48,639 --> 01:07:51,039
All right, take care, thank you, Bye,