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Speaker 1: I've been staying up late lately trying to figure out

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what to present here in the podcast. It happens in

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the daytime too. Yesterday I stopped by a cafe near

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my house and nearly spent the whole day thinking so

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hard about this lesson. I hardly drank my coffee, but

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then I tried it, and I was deeply impressed by

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the deep flavor and rich aroma coming from that cup

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of Joe.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to another Happy English podcast, coming to you from

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New York City, and here's your English teacher, Michael.

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Speaker 1: All right, thank you John, and thanks everyone. It's Michael

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here from Happy English and I help people speak English better.

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And this is Happy English Podcast, Episode eight nineteen when

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l Y Changes Everything. Hello and welcome, thanks for joining

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me for another episode of the Happy English Podcast. I'm

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your English teacher, Michael, and I'm so glad you've decided

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to tune in and check it out. Today we're talking

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about something sneaky in English, those little adverbs that look

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regular but don't act regular at all. You probably already

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know the usual pattern. Take an adjective like quick d

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l y and boom, you've got quickly. He's a quick runner,

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he runs quickly, different words but the same meaning easy, peasy, right.

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But then you run into pairs like hard and hardly

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or high and highly, and suddenly it feels like the

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rules just disappeared. So that's our topic today. Adjective and

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adverb pairs where the meaning changes when you add l y.

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Let's look at six of the most common and useful ones,

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starting with one of the most confusing sets of words,

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hard and hardly. As an adjective, hard means difficult, like

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if someone says yesterday's exam was hard, that means it

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was a difficult exam. And also as an adjective, hard

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means the opposite of soft. A pillow is soft, but

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the bed frame is hard. Interestingly, the word hard is

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also an adverb, but the meaning is totally different. Like

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when you work hard or study hard, you put in

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a lot of effort. So if you say that Jenny

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studied hard for the exam, you're saying that she put

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in a lot of time and energy. So hard the

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adjective means both difficult and firm. Hard the adverb means

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with a lot of effort or energy, like it rained

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hard this morning, And what about hardly? That flips everything.

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If you say I hardly studied, you're saying that you

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almost didn't study at all. Interesting, right, I studied hard

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means I hit the books. But I hardly studied means

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I slacked off, I was late. It's the same thing

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with sleep. If I say I slept hard last night,

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it means I slept deeply like a rock. But if

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I say I hardly slept, I'm telling you that I

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was tossing and turning. Maybe I got an hour of

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sleep at the most. So yeah, hard and hardly super different. Now,

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how about late and lately? Late is simple. It's about

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being not on time, like sorry, I'm late, or Jack

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always comes to work late. But when you say lately,

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you're talking about something that's been happening recently. For example,

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I've been feeling really tired lately, or lately I've been

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trying to eat healthier. Totally different meaning, And yeah, you

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can be late lately as in lately Jenny has been

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working late. All right, Let's go to high and highly.

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Hi usually means something is physically up in the air,

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like the kite was flying really high, or that shelf

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is too high for me to reach. But highly is

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used more with opinions or things that are rated or judged.

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So you might hear someone say she's a highly skilled doctor,

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or that book is highly recommended you should check it out.

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Highly adds emphasis, kind of like saying very, but in

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a more formal or professional way. I highly suggest you've

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visit that high mountain next on the list. Near and nearly.

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If I say my office is near the train station,

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I'm talking about physical location, something close by. I live

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near a nice park. But nearly means almost, like I

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nearly missed my train this morning, or we are nearly

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done with the project. So near is about where something is,

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Nearly is about how close you are to doing something

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or not doing something. I nearly walked into the wall

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that was near me. Okay, let's move on to deep

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and deeply. Now. Deep is usually about physical space, like

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where swimming in a deep lake, or he took a

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deep breath before speaking. Deep can also mean very intense,

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like that artist often uses deep blue in her paintings,

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and this coffee has a deep flavor. But deeply is emotional.

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It's about something that affects you inside. You might hear

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someone say I'm deeply grateful for your help, or she

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was deeply hurt by what he said. So again, deep

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and deeply are similar looking, but they are used in

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totally different ways. And last, but not least, let's talk

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about free and freely. Free is the one we all love.

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It means at no cost, like the concert tickets were free,

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or help yourself. The snacks are free, aha, nothing like

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a free donut. Right and free can also mean not restricted,

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like when you fly, you may hear an announcement like

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attention passengers, the captain has turned off the seatbelt sign,

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so you are free to move about the cabin. But

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freely is about doing something without restriction or hesitation, like

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she spoke freely about her experience living abroad, or the

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birds flew freely through the open window. So free is

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a thing you are or a thing without cost, and

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freely is how you do something. I'm gonna guess that

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you've probably heard all of this vocabulary before, but maybe

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you didn't realize just how much the meaning shifts depending

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on that little l y. So next time you hear

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someone say I hardly slept or he's highly respected, you'll

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know exactly what they mean and you can start using

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these naturally yourself and keep in mind the best way

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to remember English like this and any other word or

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phrase in English, is to take that word or phrase,

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write it in a sentence that's true for you or

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true in your world, and then memorize your sentences and

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remember this. You can get more practice using your English

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when you join my podcast Learner's study group. There you

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can make new friends, join us for live group lessons

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every week where we practice these podcast lessons together. Plus

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you get access to the PDF, transcript and audio download

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for every Happy English podcast in the past and in

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the future. And on top of that, each episode has

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exercises where you can practice this English point with speaking

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and writing checked by me. To learn more, just visit

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Myhappy English dot com and choose podcast lesson eight nineteen.

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Remember learning another language is not easy, but it's not impossible,

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and I'm here to help you on your journey.

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Speaker 2: This podcast is brought to you by Happy English. Please

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visit Myhappy English dot com show your support for Happy

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English by leaving us a review. Get English, Get Happy,

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