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<v Speaker 1>Imagine the place where you can escape for a day,

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<v Speaker 1>get immersed in a world of rooms, inspiration, and expertise,

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<v Speaker 1>where you can lay in luxury accommodation, and kids can

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<v Speaker 1>Fees from ninety five sets. Tickets are free to everyone

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<v Speaker 1>and include all the attractions you've just imagined a day

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<v Speaker 1>out at the kia Ikia the Wonderful every Day.

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<v Speaker 2>Hi, iologize, Hi Ali Ward here it's me so first off,

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<v Speaker 2>I want to apologize to the many thousands of you

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<v Speaker 2>who think that this episode is about gelato, because it's

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<v Speaker 2>just straight up not. It's not about gelato at all.

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<v Speaker 2>Jelottos in Greek means laughter, jelare in Latin means to

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<v Speaker 2>freeze or congeal, two different things in origins. But that

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<v Speaker 2>doesn't mean that you can't eat gelato while you're listening.

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<v Speaker 2>I can't see you, you can not on a ham.

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<v Speaker 2>You can lick your tile grout listening to this. It

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<v Speaker 2>doesn't mean I'm just glad you're here. Hey, Okay, let's

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<v Speaker 2>get creepy first, shall we. Your reviews help ologies stay

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<v Speaker 2>up kicking ass in the science charts, and I appreciate

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<v Speaker 2>them so much. It's so great to look at the

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<v Speaker 2>science charts and see ologies up there in like the

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<v Speaker 2>top twenty five. Just little us making this podcast guys. Also,

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<v Speaker 2>I frequently write and research all alone wearing no pants,

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<v Speaker 2>and your reviews make my day. I read every single

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<v Speaker 2>one each week. I like to read you one that

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<v Speaker 2>just tickled me. More on tickling later. God's getting creepier

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<v Speaker 2>and creepier every second, so I get others drunk. Okay,

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<v Speaker 2>says thank you Ali Ward for showing the world that

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<v Speaker 2>these usually academic nerds are fun, funny, interesting besides smart.

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<v Speaker 2>This show makes me wish I was anologist so that

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<v Speaker 2>Ali would ask me dumb questions. Hey, Ali, if you

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<v Speaker 2>ever need to chat with a distiller, I will happily

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<v Speaker 2>meet you in the lobby of an airport hotel. Actually,

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<v Speaker 2>I think that there are some ologies related to distillery,

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<v Speaker 2>So holler, so rate and review. I see all of

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<v Speaker 2>your names, and I think, hey, thanks name. So spread

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<v Speaker 2>the word. You can tell a friend or two about

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<v Speaker 2>the show. You can become a patron on Patreon. You

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<v Speaker 2>can hit up ologiesmerch dot com if you ever want

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<v Speaker 2>to wear a logical love on your human body. So

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<v Speaker 2>onto the episode. Now. Gelatology was a huge factor in

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<v Speaker 2>my developing an obsession with ologies. I remember seeing it

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<v Speaker 2>on this big list of like various different fields of study.

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<v Speaker 2>It was wedged between, like, guess strology, which is the stomach,

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<v Speaker 2>and I think gemology, which was episode five goll Lissen

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<v Speaker 2>and y'all. But I saw the study of laughter and

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<v Speaker 2>I was like, who does that? Who are these people?

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<v Speaker 2>What are their lives? Who are they? So I started

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<v Speaker 2>researching and reaching out for people to interview. And last

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<v Speaker 2>year I started looking and this ologist was at the

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<v Speaker 2>top of my list, and I got in touch with

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<v Speaker 2>the university. I explained that this was a podcast, it

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<v Speaker 2>didn't exist yet it would and I promise I'm not

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<v Speaker 2>a terrorist or anything, and could I come and meet him?

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<v Speaker 2>And after a year of email tag a year, you guys,

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<v Speaker 2>a year, I was in my car on my way

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<v Speaker 2>to Loma Linda, California, which is a dusty academic town

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<v Speaker 2>in the Inland Empire, and I was ushered to a

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<v Speaker 2>basement lab for an interview. Now, shockingly and hilariously, this

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<v Speaker 2>Jellatologist may be one of the most serious subjects I've

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<v Speaker 2>ever sat down with, which I love. I know this

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<v Speaker 2>is an episode about humor, but it gets intense and

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<v Speaker 2>kind of dark, but also inspiring. This is like not

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<v Speaker 2>a party clown in a lab coat. He is not

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<v Speaker 2>the Michael Scott equivalent of your family physician. His ologist

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<v Speaker 2>is all business. In his words, he says he's the

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<v Speaker 2>guy who's serious about laughter, and he is. It's wonderful.

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<v Speaker 2>In the last three episodes of Ologies, we heard from

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<v Speaker 2>a herpetologist who was telling me all about snake butts

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<v Speaker 2>and an ichthyologist who was musing about fish getting it on,

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<v Speaker 2>and they were both hilarious. And then this episode about

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<v Speaker 2>laughter is one of the more factual ones, which is great.

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<v Speaker 2>This chat was surprising in a lot of ways. He's

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<v Speaker 2>an immunologist, a psychologist, and because his life's work is

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<v Speaker 2>about how laughter affects the endocrine and immune system, he

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<v Speaker 2>is a gelatologist. Now, in this episode, you'll learn why

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<v Speaker 2>things are funnier in a packed theater, how a joke

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<v Speaker 2>works broadly, why stress is maybe literally killing you, nobing deal,

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<v Speaker 2>and some interesting science behind roast jokes. So, in the

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<v Speaker 2>doc's words, make time to get off your work, mery,

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<v Speaker 2>garround for a bit and gorge on some gelatology with

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<v Speaker 2>doctor Lee Burke. I'll get some levels on.

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<v Speaker 3>You on two, three, four five.

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<v Speaker 2>How long have you been at this university?

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<v Speaker 3>I started in nineteen seventy one. Here, yes, nineteen seventy one.

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<v Speaker 2>Forty seven years, you guys, forty seven years. He started

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<v Speaker 2>in laboratory medicine and immunology. He was working on transplants

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<v Speaker 2>for infants. And he holds degrees in psychology, sociology, clinical

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<v Speaker 2>laboratory science, Masters, and a PhD in clinical preventative care.

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<v Speaker 2>So the things you can do to stop I'm getting

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<v Speaker 2>stick in the first place, other than just washing your

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<v Speaker 2>hands obsessively.

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<v Speaker 3>But to be involved in psychoneuroimmunology, you have to be

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<v Speaker 3>very eclectic.

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<v Speaker 2>So how many degrees do you have? I'll give you

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<v Speaker 2>a minute. Five five degrees?

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<v Speaker 3>Five degrees. So I started in psychology. I was going

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<v Speaker 3>to go into clinical psych and I decided, nah, it

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<v Speaker 3>doesn't have all the answers because there's more to wellness

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<v Speaker 3>or staying well, which was my passion, than just the

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<v Speaker 3>psychological theoretical component. So that's why I decided to step

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<v Speaker 3>into the heavier sciences, if you please.

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<v Speaker 2>And now, in nineteen seventy one, I imagine that science

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<v Speaker 2>didn't necessarily look at the mind and the body as

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<v Speaker 2>super connected or did they.

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<v Speaker 3>No, there was no real appreciation for mind body connection

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<v Speaker 3>in late sixties or early seventies, and when it came

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<v Speaker 3>to light, the medical community didn't know what to do

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<v Speaker 3>with this bizarre thing of a connection between mind and body.

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<v Speaker 3>You have to remember the historical context of the separation

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<v Speaker 3>had to do with four hundred and fifty years or

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<v Speaker 3>so ago with de car and that there was a

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<v Speaker 3>split when there was interest of integrating mind and spirit

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<v Speaker 3>into medicine. There was great chastisement that don't you ever

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<v Speaker 3>attempt to do that?

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<v Speaker 2>So who was de Karte? I'm sorry, I'm glad you

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<v Speaker 2>asked me to ask Google because I could not remember.

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<v Speaker 2>I had no idea. So French born and Dutch lived

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<v Speaker 2>mathematician and philosopher. He wrote about something called dualism, which

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<v Speaker 2>is the mind and body being separate, made of separate

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<v Speaker 2>types of matter. You know, the mental can exist outside

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<v Speaker 2>of the body, but the body cannot think. So this

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<v Speaker 2>philosophy kind of jives with a lot of religions that

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<v Speaker 2>claim that immortal souls occupy this independent realm of existence,

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<v Speaker 2>distinct from the rest of the physical world. Nowadays, we're

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<v Speaker 2>like not so much but this whole situation gloriously has

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<v Speaker 2>a Wikipedia page called the mind body problem, which sounds

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<v Speaker 2>very dramatic and or like it would have something to

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<v Speaker 2>do with the mind wanting to eat peanut butter pancakes,

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<v Speaker 2>but the body is like, could you not.

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<v Speaker 3>So the separation of dualism took place. Back then we

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<v Speaker 3>had medicine dealings with the somatic or the body, and

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<v Speaker 3>at that time they all powerful entity was the Church,

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<v Speaker 3>which dealt with the mind and the spirit. So medicine

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<v Speaker 3>was told to keep its hands off and stay with

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<v Speaker 3>the body and the mind and the spirit would stay

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<v Speaker 3>with whatever they meant by mind at that time would

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<v Speaker 3>stay with the venue of the church. And not until

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<v Speaker 3>probably the mid nineteen hundreds did we start to reintroduce

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<v Speaker 3>the fact that there was a component that medicine wasn't

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<v Speaker 3>dealing with, and that was what do we do the mind?

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<v Speaker 3>Because the patient that got sick and had mental illness,

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<v Speaker 3>as most of us remember, was thrown in the room

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<v Speaker 3>and the door was locked, and we called them messana asylum,

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<v Speaker 3>and we had it was not part of the venue

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<v Speaker 3>of medicine of knowing what to do with patients either

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<v Speaker 3>in helping to keep them well, or in trying to

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<v Speaker 3>treat them relative to the aspect of the mind.

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<v Speaker 2>How did you get interested in studying humor and its

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<v Speaker 2>effects on the brain, because there's not many people out

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<v Speaker 2>there doing that.

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<v Speaker 3>I feel like, yeah, a great question. How did I

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<v Speaker 3>get started with looking at humor? I was always intrigued

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<v Speaker 3>with the ancient wisdom, of the ancient biblical wisdom actually

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<v Speaker 3>of mary heart does good like a medicine in the

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<v Speaker 3>Old Testament of the Bible.

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<v Speaker 2>So when doctor Burke said mary heart, I thought he

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<v Speaker 2>was talking about either very heart from entertainment tonight or

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<v Speaker 2>like biblical Mary. I was all confused. So I looked

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<v Speaker 2>it up and it's Mary as in cheerful, which makes

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<v Speaker 2>way more sense. The whole quote is a mary heart

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<v Speaker 2>does good like medicine, but a broken spirit dries the bones. Honestly,

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<v Speaker 2>I'm now realizing that for centuries when old timey people

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<v Speaker 2>needed to pick me up, like you know, all of

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<v Speaker 2>your seven children just perished of dip theirry or whatever.

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<v Speaker 2>You crack open the Bible instead of looking on Instagram

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<v Speaker 2>for those lifestyle accounts that sometimes post inspirational quotes by Beyonce.

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<v Speaker 2>So whatever gets you pumped, man, The.

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<v Speaker 3>Statement of a merry heart does good like a medicine,

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<v Speaker 3>but a broken spirit will drise the bone. Nothing could

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<v Speaker 3>be more modern in interpretation of the field of psycho

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<v Speaker 3>neeuroimmunology than that that statement that I was intrigued with

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<v Speaker 3>the positive aspect, knowing that there was this communication between brain,

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<v Speaker 3>neuroandercin hormones and the immune system. What was going on

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<v Speaker 3>relative to positive behaviors of keeping one well, of staying

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<v Speaker 3>away from disease? So I got really interested from those perspectives.

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<v Speaker 2>What is a laugh? What is happening in the brain

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<v Speaker 2>and the body?

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<v Speaker 3>A laugh is the physical expression of something that triggers

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<v Speaker 3>the brain to say that this is really funny enough

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<v Speaker 3>to provide some sort of overt expulsion of air.

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<v Speaker 2>I laughed. Why did I just laugh? Maybe because I

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<v Speaker 2>didn't expect such a technical answer. But what happened physically

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<v Speaker 2>to my face and my lungs? So a researcher named

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<v Speaker 2>Robert Provine found that fifteen muscles in your face contract,

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<v Speaker 2>and your respiratory system gets jacked up by your epiglottis,

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<v Speaker 2>which is that throat flappy thing half closing your air passage.

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<v Speaker 2>So your air intake occurs irregularly and it makes you gasp.

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<v Speaker 2>But not everyone who enjoys humor l'sl or.

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<v Speaker 3>In some cases, with some individuals, not an expulsion of

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<v Speaker 3>air or a laugh or a sound that one hears

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<v Speaker 3>from the other person. We found the latter out to

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<v Speaker 3>be true when we were doing some early pilot studies

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<v Speaker 3>and one of our subjects was he happened to be pathologist,

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<v Speaker 3>not targeting pathologist, but I'm just saying this was a

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<v Speaker 3>pathologist that was somewhat passive and not overt and we

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<v Speaker 3>hooked him up with the needle in the arm and

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<v Speaker 3>we said, now here and watch this humor video that

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<v Speaker 3>you like and laugh. So we took blood from him

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<v Speaker 3>every fifteen minutes through an hour's period of time to

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<v Speaker 3>see what was happening with some of his stress hormones.

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<v Speaker 3>And we thought we hadn't really just blown the experiment

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<v Speaker 3>because all we got out of him were snickers and

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<v Speaker 3>a little giggle, but nothing that would be considered a laugh.

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<v Speaker 3>And we thought this was just a waste of time.

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<v Speaker 2>What was he watching?

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<v Speaker 3>He was watching a Abbot and Costello video. We asked

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<v Speaker 3>him how he enjoyed was this funny or did you

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<v Speaker 3>enjoy oh? He thought it was a scream, although there

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<v Speaker 3>was no overt evidence that. So one doesn't have to

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<v Speaker 3>be falling on the floor laughing if you please, as

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<v Speaker 3>we typically will think in fits of laughter. Yet the

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<v Speaker 3>hormone response, that is, the decrease in the detrimental stress hormones,

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<v Speaker 3>was just as significant as one who was laughing overtly

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<v Speaker 3>or out loud. So well, we learned a lot by what.

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<v Speaker 2>Laughter is or isn't and what triggers a laugh. Is

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<v Speaker 2>it something that is surprising? Is it something that is ironic?

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<v Speaker 2>Why typically do we laugh?

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<v Speaker 4>Uh?

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<v Speaker 3>There, gosh, it's a question I can't answer. There are

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<v Speaker 3>a number of different theories about laughter or what is

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<v Speaker 3>humorous that causes one to laugh.

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<v Speaker 2>They say most laughter isn't about humor necessarily, it's about

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<v Speaker 2>relationships between people, which I think is really interesting. One

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<v Speaker 2>theory is called the relief theory, and Freud said that

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<v Speaker 2>laughter releases tension and something called psychic energy, which maybe

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<v Speaker 2>one reason why it's seen as healing, or why laughter

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<v Speaker 2>can be used as a coping mechanism when someone is

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<v Speaker 2>upset or angry or sad. And this happens to my sister.

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<v Speaker 2>I have never seen anyone else have this happen to

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<v Speaker 2>you so much? But in times when she's been really

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<v Speaker 2>shocked or scared, she gets the giggles. It boggles us all,

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<v Speaker 2>and to her she's like, I can't, I don't know,

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<v Speaker 2>I'm laughing. Apparently it's a way of releasing tension. So

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<v Speaker 2>another theory is that humans are just biologically wired to

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<v Speaker 2>laugh as communal relief wants, danger passes. This was so

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<v Speaker 2>interesting to me. So a joke creates this inconsistency. And

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<v Speaker 2>if we can figure out the riddle, this brain riddle,

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<v Speaker 2>and realize that the surprise isn't dangerous, we laugh because

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<v Speaker 2>we're relieved, so we have to get a little bit

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<v Speaker 2>scared and then we go okay. Never it's fine. So

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<v Speaker 2>in general, something is funny when we expect one thing

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<v Speaker 2>and then the punchline causes us to abruptly shift our

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<v Speaker 2>understanding of the whole situation, and then we snore and

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<v Speaker 2>hiccup and expel air or fart or whatever. Okay, but

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<v Speaker 2>what makes us rot f mL emma laughing are on

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<v Speaker 2>the ground.

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<v Speaker 3>One The best definition that I think we that I

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<v Speaker 3>have to date, would be that there we stumble on

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<v Speaker 3>an incongruity of what is and what we stumble into.

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<v Speaker 3>So it's that incongruity of what you are anticipating is

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<v Speaker 3>going to be that does not occur. It causes you

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<v Speaker 3>to trip on yourself, so to speak, mentally, and as

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<v Speaker 3>a consequence, you laugh. Beyond that, I still don't know

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<v Speaker 3>how we can describe it any better.

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<v Speaker 2>Do you laugh a lot in your daily life?

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<v Speaker 3>That's a good question. I probably or don't overtly laugh

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<v Speaker 3>a lot, because I'm one of the indicators of who

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<v Speaker 3>doctor Lee Burke is is that he's the guy that's

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<v Speaker 3>serious about laughter. And essentially that's true. But I enjoy

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<v Speaker 3>humor just incessantly. I grab it as much as I can,

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<v Speaker 3>and I will sit and watch humor on places like

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<v Speaker 3>YouTube constantly. Really yeah, and that's done intentionally because now

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<v Speaker 3>I'm going to step a little bit into the whole

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<v Speaker 3>world of lifestyle medicine, where I firmly believe that one

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<v Speaker 3>needs to get off the merry go round periodically because

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<v Speaker 3>you want to break the cycle of the distress hormones,

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<v Speaker 3>which as we proceed through our daily life, we exacerbate

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<v Speaker 3>or ramp up the distress response. That's which is detrimental

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<v Speaker 3>both immiologically.

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<v Speaker 2>I got to ask what YouTube videos.

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<v Speaker 3>I watch a lot of Carol Burnett Show.

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<v Speaker 2>So there's a pair of comedic actors from the Carol

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<v Speaker 2>Burnett Show that he really loves, Tim Conway and Harvey Korman.

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<v Speaker 2>I looked it up.

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<v Speaker 3>They do a dental scene going to do an extraction

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<v Speaker 3>on his colleague on the show, and it's probably one

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<v Speaker 3>of the funniest videos I've ever seen.

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<v Speaker 2>Conway and Corman performed this legendary sketch involves a very

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<v Speaker 2>bad dentist and one of them. Corman could not control

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<v Speaker 2>his laughter during shooting the scene, and apparently at one

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<v Speaker 2>point he had a little bit of an accident and

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<v Speaker 2>he went himself. But it's that legendary a comedy scene.

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<v Speaker 5>Well, doctor, please please get this get this tooth out

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<v Speaker 5>of my mom out. Let's see if we're gonna pull

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<v Speaker 5>her out, we'll have to have those pulley things, please,

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<v Speaker 5>and let's see pinchy things and the little picky things there,

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<v Speaker 5>didn't you picky pully.

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<v Speaker 2>Doctor Burke says he'll put on videos like this in

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<v Speaker 2>the middle of the day if he needs like a

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<v Speaker 2>little boost, you know, for you, it might mean falling

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<v Speaker 2>down a rabbit hole of Twitter memes or researching you know,

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<v Speaker 2>a pig getting a massage from a cat, which, if

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<v Speaker 2>you have a chance to, you should look that one up.

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<v Speaker 2>So stressful day you fired up?

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<v Speaker 3>Oh I I watch several times in the day. I'll

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<v Speaker 3>just stop and just turn something on.

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<v Speaker 2>Was there a moment in your career where you realized

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<v Speaker 2>you wanted to take a turn and study the effects

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<v Speaker 2>of laughter on the immune system. Was there a moment

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<v Speaker 2>where you thought, Aha, I'm going to be the guy

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<v Speaker 2>that does this.

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<v Speaker 3>The way that came about deciding to take a look

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<v Speaker 3>at laughter was more by accident than by design. I

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<v Speaker 3>think Albert Einstein said, if we had all the answers,

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<v Speaker 3>we wouldn't call it research, or if we knew what

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<v Speaker 3>we were doing, we wouldn't call it research.

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<v Speaker 2>So in nineteen eighty eight, doctor Burke was researching exercise,

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<v Speaker 2>and I hope it was like gnarly leotard clad, jazzer

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<v Speaker 2>sized stuff and the effects of that on the brain,

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<v Speaker 2>and they were finding a correlation with laughter.

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<v Speaker 3>And indeed that is the case. We were playing around

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<v Speaker 3>with laughter because we found prime to that that moderate

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<v Speaker 3>exercise could literally enhance the production of something called beta endorphin,

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<v Speaker 3>and we would put individuals on treadmills and put it

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<v Speaker 3>what we call ivy angio catheters in there at a

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<v Speaker 3>cubital vein, that's the vein that you have your blood drawn.

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<v Speaker 3>We saw that, indeed, andendorphins would increase differently in individuals

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<v Speaker 3>that work physically fit condition versus those that were not.

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<v Speaker 3>And that was sort of a historic finding at that time.

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<v Speaker 3>But what intrigued me was that people were saying at

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<v Speaker 3>least one individual by the name of Norman Cousins who

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<v Speaker 3>was saying that he would laugh and get pain free

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<v Speaker 3>sleep from watching his Laurel and Hardy videos or movies

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<v Speaker 3>at that time, because this is a gentleman who had

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<v Speaker 3>a disease called angulosingspongelitis, this autoimmune disease.

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<v Speaker 2>So that's a type of arthritis that can cause wicked

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<v Speaker 2>back pain and normal. Cousins was he was a writer,

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<v Speaker 2>a journalist, he was a world peace activist, and he'd

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<v Speaker 2>get these massive bouts of pain and he'd watch Laurel

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<v Speaker 2>and Hardy via projector. This is like in the seventies

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<v Speaker 2>before BCRs, which were these things that were like you too,

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<v Speaker 2>but they weighed fifty pounds. Side note Laurel and Hardy

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<v Speaker 2>was a comedy duo from the nineteen thirties. So that's

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<v Speaker 2>kind of the equivalent of people now like watching Carol

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<v Speaker 2>burnetfadios or your grandchildren watching Tim and Eric in a

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<v Speaker 2>space capsule, which we will definitely have in forty years. Anyway,

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<v Speaker 2>Norman Cousins cool dude in a lot of pain watching

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<v Speaker 2>old comedies.

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<v Speaker 3>He was able to sleep after laughing for about twenty

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<v Speaker 3>minutes or thirty minutes at a time and sleep for

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<v Speaker 3>about three to four hours without any pain. So that

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<v Speaker 3>was a trigger that I wonder what was happening with

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<v Speaker 3>the stress hormones, and that's when we started pursuing the

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<v Speaker 3>studies of looking at what stress hormones were affected or

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<v Speaker 3>the term that we use this modulated as a result

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<v Speaker 3>of watching and enjoying mirthful laughter humor videos. And when

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<v Speaker 3>we started that journey, somehow the word got out. We

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<v Speaker 3>were then contacted by the CBS sixty minutes who wanted

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<v Speaker 3>to come in video what we were doing. And my

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<v Speaker 3>first response is were no, thank you, because I was

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<v Speaker 3>a terrifying endeavor to invite CBS sixty minutes to come

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<v Speaker 3>in the door.

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<v Speaker 2>So sixty minutes comes and the interview goes well, and

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<v Speaker 2>in short people are like what hey.

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<v Speaker 3>So as a result of that scenario, we decided that

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<v Speaker 3>this was serious business and we started to pursue it.

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<v Speaker 2>So then Norman cousins Laurel and Hardy Watcher with the

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<v Speaker 2>back vean, hits up doctor Burke for a hangout and

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<v Speaker 2>doctor Burke is like, Yo, come to my lap, let's chat.

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<v Speaker 2>Norman's like, how can we get more serious about this

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<v Speaker 2>research on laughter? Doctor Burke was like, well, research costs money, unfortunately,

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<v Speaker 2>so you know, bummer dude, and.

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<v Speaker 3>He said how much? Well, I've never been asked the

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<v Speaker 3>question of how much money I wanted to do research,

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<v Speaker 3>so that that caught me off guard, and I thought, well,

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<v Speaker 3>if I ask too much, I'll sound foolish, and if

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<v Speaker 3>I ask too little, I'll sound foolish. So I basically

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<v Speaker 3>gave him a sum of money, and without question, the

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<v Speaker 3>next words in his mouth were out of his mouth

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<v Speaker 3>were whould I write the check to? And that was

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<v Speaker 3>that was our beginning.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, so why does laughing help? Okay, Well, laughter can

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<v Speaker 2>help lower what are called detrimental stress hormones like cortisol

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<v Speaker 2>and adrenaline. That does a few things.

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<v Speaker 3>So if we release cortisol on a chronic basis, we

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<v Speaker 3>will suppress our immune systems, so we are immune compromised,

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<v Speaker 3>that's the word. So that's the detrimental effect of chronic

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<v Speaker 3>stress or one of the mechanisms. So through nineteen eighty

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<v Speaker 3>nine we indeed stumbled on the study, not stumbled, but

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<v Speaker 3>we produced the study of medical students showing that we

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<v Speaker 3>could lower detrimental stress hormones while watching a video, a

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<v Speaker 3>humor video, and it was very real. And then through

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<v Speaker 3>the nineteen nineties we continued the journey, presenting different aspects

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<v Speaker 3>of the immune system that were modulated, changed, or affected.

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<v Speaker 3>And the key finding at the end of the nineteen

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<v Speaker 3>hundreds was that we published the culmination paper, included most

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<v Speaker 3>all of the data in that paper, and I think

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<v Speaker 3>the year two thousand and one as a consequence. One

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<v Speaker 3>of the things that Norman Cousins was always intrigued and

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<v Speaker 3>wanted to say was the fact that laughter could benefit

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<v Speaker 3>the immune system by increasing natural killer cell activity on

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<v Speaker 3>natural killer cells or immune cells that affect the immune

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<v Speaker 3>system in that they go after virally infected cells and

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<v Speaker 3>they go after specific cancer cells. Very very real. Actually,

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<v Speaker 3>we can prognostically in women who have breast cancer. There's

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<v Speaker 3>a type of in laboratory medicine, the type of testing

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<v Speaker 3>for natural killer cell activity, and it showed that it

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<v Speaker 3>was very effective in increasing natural killer cells to kill

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<v Speaker 3>the cancer cells. Not that it's panaceic, but it's again

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<v Speaker 3>part of the totality of lifestyle, lifestyle medicine and choices

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00:25:57.680 --> 00:26:00.759
<v Speaker 3>that we make whether we want to be happy or

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<v Speaker 3>not happy makes a difference.

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<v Speaker 2>Is that a choice? Do you think? Do you in

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<v Speaker 2>your research? How much have you discovered yourself that happiness

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00:26:11.640 --> 00:26:16.680
<v Speaker 2>is a choice or behaviors that increase happiness rather are

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<v Speaker 2>an important choice to make.

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<v Speaker 3>I cannot happiness. To be happy, one has to pursue happiness.

408
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<v Speaker 3>Sounds strange, it sounds maybe selfish, but it's not. Can

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00:26:28.200 --> 00:26:31.319
<v Speaker 3>I become physically fit by sitting in this chair wishing

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00:26:31.359 --> 00:26:32.559
<v Speaker 3>to become physically fit?

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00:26:33.960 --> 00:26:34.400
<v Speaker 2>Probably not?

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00:26:35.240 --> 00:26:35.799
<v Speaker 3>Probably not.

413
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<v Speaker 2>I'm no doctor.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay, no, you really can't. So there is a criteria

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00:26:43.440 --> 00:26:46.920
<v Speaker 3>of certain behavior that you have to do. I have

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<v Speaker 3>to get up off the chair, and I have to move,

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00:26:48.920 --> 00:26:52.759
<v Speaker 3>and I have to exercise to become physically fit. I

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00:26:52.839 --> 00:26:57.039
<v Speaker 3>have so much aerobic exercise, so much anaerobic exercise to

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<v Speaker 3>become physically fit or cardiovascually fit. Well, the same thing

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<v Speaker 3>is I think very true relative to being happy. One

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<v Speaker 3>has to pursue those things in life with an obviously

422
00:27:11.559 --> 00:27:17.200
<v Speaker 3>rationale and reason that makes them happy. One of the

423
00:27:17.200 --> 00:27:20.359
<v Speaker 3>things that we're finding out that makes us happy is

424
00:27:20.400 --> 00:27:23.400
<v Speaker 3>when we make others happy. So there is a whole

425
00:27:23.519 --> 00:27:29.880
<v Speaker 3>science of happiness. Berkeley has an incredible program called The Greater.

426
00:27:29.720 --> 00:27:33.400
<v Speaker 2>Good and yes, I covered them in another episode. For

427
00:27:33.559 --> 00:27:36.079
<v Speaker 2>more on this, you can listen to the episode titled

428
00:27:36.119 --> 00:27:39.599
<v Speaker 2>grateful Ology is Not a Real Word, in which a

429
00:27:39.680 --> 00:27:42.319
<v Speaker 2>very grumpy Alley Ward tries to science herself into a

430
00:27:42.319 --> 00:27:44.559
<v Speaker 2>better mood. What is that? What do you need in

431
00:27:44.559 --> 00:27:46.440
<v Speaker 2>your brain to be happy? Do you need certain kind

432
00:27:46.440 --> 00:27:48.039
<v Speaker 2>of data waves? Gamma waves?

433
00:27:49.240 --> 00:27:53.039
<v Speaker 3>It's a change or modulation in the type of brain frequency.

434
00:27:56.519 --> 00:27:59.960
<v Speaker 3>It would be somewhat similar to what one wishes to

435
00:28:00.160 --> 00:28:07.519
<v Speaker 3>attain when one reaches a true state of meditation. Mindfulness.

436
00:28:07.559 --> 00:28:12.960
<v Speaker 3>Meditation and long term meditation are now well recognized to

437
00:28:13.000 --> 00:28:17.279
<v Speaker 3>be associated with a frequency that hereto four was not

438
00:28:17.359 --> 00:28:21.119
<v Speaker 3>recognized as even existing, and that's called the gamma frequency.

439
00:28:21.880 --> 00:28:25.680
<v Speaker 3>And the gamma frequency is a frequency that ranges in

440
00:28:25.680 --> 00:28:28.400
<v Speaker 3>the range of twenty five to thirty to forty hertz.

441
00:28:28.880 --> 00:28:30.160
<v Speaker 3>It's like a radio dial.

442
00:28:30.680 --> 00:28:34.400
<v Speaker 2>Let's talk brain waves real quick. This is crazy and cool.

443
00:28:34.519 --> 00:28:37.000
<v Speaker 2>If you're into brains, which I think we all are,

444
00:28:37.680 --> 00:28:39.680
<v Speaker 2>we have them. Isn't it weird that right now your

445
00:28:39.680 --> 00:28:42.799
<v Speaker 2>brain is thinking about your brain, and my brain is

446
00:28:42.799 --> 00:28:46.640
<v Speaker 2>thinking about your brain, thinking about your brain, and now

447
00:28:46.680 --> 00:28:48.920
<v Speaker 2>your brain is thinking about my brain, thinking about your brain,

448
00:28:48.960 --> 00:28:52.240
<v Speaker 2>thinking about your brain. Okay, so brain waves are essentially

449
00:28:52.279 --> 00:28:56.440
<v Speaker 2>these synchronized electrical pulses. They're from these masses of neurons.

450
00:28:56.480 --> 00:28:58.720
<v Speaker 2>They're all chatting with each other, and these waves come

451
00:28:58.720 --> 00:29:01.759
<v Speaker 2>in different frequencies depending on your level of chill. Gonna

452
00:29:01.799 --> 00:29:05.039
<v Speaker 2>run through them super quick. Delta is a deep sleep wave.

453
00:29:05.200 --> 00:29:11.559
<v Speaker 2>It's like deep dreamless sleep. Transcendental meditators get into delta waves.

454
00:29:11.960 --> 00:29:17.200
<v Speaker 2>Awareness is pretty detached. Beta waves light meditation sleeping waves.

455
00:29:17.240 --> 00:29:20.880
<v Speaker 2>These are present during light sleep, including rem sleep, which

456
00:29:20.920 --> 00:29:23.920
<v Speaker 2>is also known as dreamtown. Alpha waves is a deep

457
00:29:23.920 --> 00:29:27.440
<v Speaker 2>relaxation wave, so usually your eyes are closed when you're

458
00:29:27.480 --> 00:29:32.680
<v Speaker 2>daydreaming or doing like casual light meditation. Beta waves are

459
00:29:32.720 --> 00:29:37.000
<v Speaker 2>like your everyday awake consciousness. That's when you're alert you're

460
00:29:37.119 --> 00:29:40.200
<v Speaker 2>using logic, you're using your brain. You need these to function,

461
00:29:40.440 --> 00:29:43.079
<v Speaker 2>but it can also cause a lot of stress and anxiety.

462
00:29:43.599 --> 00:29:47.839
<v Speaker 2>Gamma is somewhat newly discovered and it's the fastest frequency.

463
00:29:48.000 --> 00:29:51.480
<v Speaker 2>Scientists think gamma waves are associated with these like bursts

464
00:29:51.519 --> 00:29:52.079
<v Speaker 2>of insight.

465
00:29:52.720 --> 00:29:56.599
<v Speaker 3>Well, the benefit of the gamma frequency is that, indeed

466
00:29:58.519 --> 00:30:01.960
<v Speaker 3>it is a freak. And see that in neuroscience we

467
00:30:02.079 --> 00:30:07.680
<v Speaker 3>now associate with what we call neural synchronization, neural meaning

468
00:30:07.759 --> 00:30:13.359
<v Speaker 3>nerves synchronizing or talking to each other. Well, that's that's

469
00:30:13.799 --> 00:30:17.039
<v Speaker 3>that's a real effective brain if the brain is talking

470
00:30:17.079 --> 00:30:21.599
<v Speaker 3>to itself, and indeed that is the case with gamma frequency.

471
00:30:22.400 --> 00:30:25.759
<v Speaker 3>The other intriguing aspects of gamma frequency as a result

472
00:30:25.839 --> 00:30:31.079
<v Speaker 3>of the synchronization is that it's a frequency associated with

473
00:30:31.160 --> 00:30:36.519
<v Speaker 3>the highest level for cognitive processing, for thinking, for being functional. Well,

474
00:30:37.759 --> 00:30:45.720
<v Speaker 3>that's associated with the complete opposite of a depressed state.

475
00:30:45.920 --> 00:30:51.799
<v Speaker 3>But the reality of gamma frequency being extremely beneficial, So

476
00:30:52.000 --> 00:30:59.000
<v Speaker 3>we see the antithesis of depression relative to enhancing gamma frequency.

477
00:31:00.079 --> 00:31:04.680
<v Speaker 3>Out there are other modalities that enhance gamma frequency. It's

478
00:31:04.720 --> 00:31:14.119
<v Speaker 3>not just laughter. It is enhanced, as we have studied

479
00:31:14.160 --> 00:31:20.720
<v Speaker 3>in our research shows it's enhanced with a high antioxidant

480
00:31:22.720 --> 00:31:27.960
<v Speaker 3>food consumption. That is, foods that are extremely high in antioxidants,

481
00:31:28.880 --> 00:31:32.400
<v Speaker 3>and I'm talking in the range of maybe fifty three

482
00:31:32.480 --> 00:31:36.279
<v Speaker 3>fifty six thousand micromolls per one hundred grams. Wait what

483
00:31:37.440 --> 00:31:43.599
<v Speaker 3>that mean much for your listeners, But the reality is

484
00:31:43.680 --> 00:31:48.519
<v Speaker 3>that it's in the range of the top foods or

485
00:31:48.559 --> 00:31:51.839
<v Speaker 3>spices that exist in the world as we know today.

486
00:31:52.720 --> 00:31:57.640
<v Speaker 3>So apparently the antioxidants are doing something in brain that

487
00:31:57.839 --> 00:32:01.160
<v Speaker 3>causes the induction of the gama frequency.

488
00:32:01.200 --> 00:32:06.000
<v Speaker 2>And another substance, super high intoxidants seventy percent cacao or

489
00:32:06.039 --> 00:32:10.559
<v Speaker 2>greater chocolate, This can elicit the induction of gamma frequency

490
00:32:10.599 --> 00:32:14.519
<v Speaker 2>in the brain. So eat it whatever you're good, doctor's orders.

491
00:32:14.920 --> 00:32:18.160
<v Speaker 3>We also have seen it with a high antioxygen concentration

492
00:32:18.440 --> 00:32:27.759
<v Speaker 3>of various nuts, walnuts, pecans, vistachues. So this is missus

493
00:32:29.000 --> 00:32:31.039
<v Speaker 3>essentially brand new research.

494
00:32:31.680 --> 00:32:36.039
<v Speaker 2>This bodes well for the turtle industry. Chocolate nut turtles,

495
00:32:36.279 --> 00:32:41.400
<v Speaker 2>So mirthful, laughter, nuts, chocolate, exercise, all good things for

496
00:32:41.559 --> 00:32:44.880
<v Speaker 2>your brain and your immune system. So hop on a treadmill,

497
00:32:45.640 --> 00:32:49.079
<v Speaker 2>eat a turtle, not a real turtle, a chocolate turtle,

498
00:32:49.279 --> 00:32:53.440
<v Speaker 2>and watch comedians wet themselves.

499
00:32:53.799 --> 00:32:58.160
<v Speaker 3>So we are now starting to call all of these

500
00:32:58.279 --> 00:33:03.799
<v Speaker 3>kinds of lifestyle behave years a term called you stress

501
00:33:04.400 --> 00:33:09.240
<v Speaker 3>metaphors U stress eu for the two letters eu come

502
00:33:09.240 --> 00:33:13.920
<v Speaker 3>from the Greek, which mean good stress, good stress, you stress.

503
00:33:14.160 --> 00:33:16.839
<v Speaker 3>It's not a word that I coined, A word coined

504
00:33:16.880 --> 00:33:20.960
<v Speaker 3>by doctor Hans Celier, who is the father of the

505
00:33:21.079 --> 00:33:26.599
<v Speaker 3>stress adaptation syndrome and discovered the detrimental folks of stress.

506
00:33:27.200 --> 00:33:30.160
<v Speaker 3>But before he died, he realized that all stress was

507
00:33:30.279 --> 00:33:33.279
<v Speaker 3>not bad, that there was something called good stress, and

508
00:33:33.359 --> 00:33:35.599
<v Speaker 3>he termed it you stress.

509
00:33:36.119 --> 00:33:38.920
<v Speaker 2>Doctor Hans Celier, by the way, was a badass. He

510
00:33:39.039 --> 00:33:42.279
<v Speaker 2>was a Hungarian who spoke eight languages. He would wake

511
00:33:42.359 --> 00:33:44.279
<v Speaker 2>up at five am every morning to swim and then

512
00:33:44.319 --> 00:33:46.839
<v Speaker 2>he'd ride his bike six miles to work, and he

513
00:33:46.920 --> 00:33:50.680
<v Speaker 2>kind of discovered stress. He would see patients who just

514
00:33:50.960 --> 00:33:53.519
<v Speaker 2>looked like garbage, and a lot of them were under

515
00:33:53.599 --> 00:33:56.480
<v Speaker 2>a lot of strain. So in fact, when he coined

516
00:33:56.519 --> 00:33:59.640
<v Speaker 2>the word, he's like, oh, it's called stress. He did

517
00:34:00.079 --> 00:34:02.000
<v Speaker 2>the English wasn't his first language, and he said he

518
00:34:02.039 --> 00:34:04.680
<v Speaker 2>regrets using stress and wishes he would have called it

519
00:34:04.799 --> 00:34:07.720
<v Speaker 2>strain because that's more accurate. But now we say stress

520
00:34:07.759 --> 00:34:10.760
<v Speaker 2>in like all the languages pretty much, Oh except in Chinese,

521
00:34:10.880 --> 00:34:14.159
<v Speaker 2>where I found out it's called crisis and it's depicted

522
00:34:14.199 --> 00:34:18.000
<v Speaker 2>by two characters put together, one for danger and one

523
00:34:18.039 --> 00:34:22.760
<v Speaker 2>for opportunity, which is so painfully accurate. Have you ever

524
00:34:23.480 --> 00:34:29.000
<v Speaker 2>heard the theory or the just the general assumption that

525
00:34:29.039 --> 00:34:31.599
<v Speaker 2>a lot of comedians are depressed people? What do you

526
00:34:31.599 --> 00:34:33.280
<v Speaker 2>think about that? Is that self medication?

527
00:34:33.400 --> 00:34:36.199
<v Speaker 3>Then a lot of them lived very long lives.

528
00:34:36.599 --> 00:34:39.239
<v Speaker 2>Doctor Burke pointed out that George Burns lived to be

529
00:34:39.280 --> 00:34:41.039
<v Speaker 2>pretty old. He died at the age of one hundred.

530
00:34:41.199 --> 00:34:44.760
<v Speaker 2>And I looked up George Burns plus depression, but all

531
00:34:44.880 --> 00:34:47.679
<v Speaker 2>the articles capitalized the D and depression, and then I

532
00:34:47.719 --> 00:34:50.480
<v Speaker 2>realized they meant oh, as in the Great Depression, because

533
00:34:50.480 --> 00:34:53.760
<v Speaker 2>George Burns was born in the eighteen hundreds, y'all before

534
00:34:53.920 --> 00:34:57.320
<v Speaker 2>comedians free based crack cocaine and set themselves on fire

535
00:34:57.400 --> 00:35:00.800
<v Speaker 2>with high proof rum. And I'm looking at you, Richard Pryor.

536
00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:04.400
<v Speaker 2>I did a little more digging, and this study was

537
00:35:04.440 --> 00:35:09.079
<v Speaker 2>published in a cardiac journal in twenty sixteen, and it

538
00:35:09.320 --> 00:35:12.000
<v Speaker 2>examined the lives of almost five hundred people, including two

539
00:35:12.119 --> 00:35:15.760
<v Speaker 2>hundred stand up comedians, around one hundred comedy actors around

540
00:35:15.800 --> 00:35:19.280
<v Speaker 2>two hundred dramatic actors, so the average age of death

541
00:35:19.440 --> 00:35:23.280
<v Speaker 2>for stand up comedians was shorter at around sixty seven years.

542
00:35:24.000 --> 00:35:27.199
<v Speaker 2>The dramatic actors lived three or four years longer. So

543
00:35:27.480 --> 00:35:30.519
<v Speaker 2>they think that stand up comedians well, First off, they're

544
00:35:30.519 --> 00:35:33.440
<v Speaker 2>more likely to die from car accidents, from suicide, and

545
00:35:33.480 --> 00:35:37.440
<v Speaker 2>from drug misadventures. Also, stand ups tend to pull late nights,

546
00:35:37.519 --> 00:35:39.199
<v Speaker 2>you know, in venues, they do a lot of travel.

547
00:35:39.519 --> 00:35:41.920
<v Speaker 2>But also the majority of comedians tend to have a

548
00:35:41.920 --> 00:35:45.480
<v Speaker 2>few personality traits in common. They have higher than average

549
00:35:45.559 --> 00:35:49.679
<v Speaker 2>to very well above average intelligence, and some studies have

550
00:35:49.760 --> 00:35:54.360
<v Speaker 2>laid high intelligence to depression you and some ulosum, but

551
00:35:54.480 --> 00:35:58.199
<v Speaker 2>humor can also decrease the social distance between people and

552
00:35:58.880 --> 00:36:01.679
<v Speaker 2>Patton Oswald and said in a CNN documentary that a

553
00:36:01.679 --> 00:36:05.000
<v Speaker 2>lot of comedians are people that are very introverted, very shy,

554
00:36:05.360 --> 00:36:08.679
<v Speaker 2>very sensitive to humiliation. So the only way to combat

555
00:36:08.719 --> 00:36:11.239
<v Speaker 2>that is to go to the one place where you're

556
00:36:11.480 --> 00:36:15.000
<v Speaker 2>stripped bear in his words. And there's a British comedy

557
00:36:15.039 --> 00:36:18.639
<v Speaker 2>researcher Gordon Clarridge who said that comedy may partly be

558
00:36:18.800 --> 00:36:22.320
<v Speaker 2>a form of self medication. So it's important to note

559
00:36:22.360 --> 00:36:25.400
<v Speaker 2>too that those who make comedy may not always be

560
00:36:25.480 --> 00:36:28.519
<v Speaker 2>the same people who benefit from it. You know, watching

561
00:36:28.559 --> 00:36:32.679
<v Speaker 2>a stand up special at home is decidedly less stressful

562
00:36:32.760 --> 00:36:35.400
<v Speaker 2>on your body in your mind than like working on

563
00:36:35.440 --> 00:36:38.199
<v Speaker 2>new material for two years, or selling a stand up special,

564
00:36:38.559 --> 00:36:40.360
<v Speaker 2>recording it in front of a thousand people and then

565
00:36:40.400 --> 00:36:43.000
<v Speaker 2>hoping it rates well so you get another one again.

566
00:36:43.119 --> 00:36:46.760
<v Speaker 2>I'm not a doctor, but watching comedy much less stressful

567
00:36:46.760 --> 00:36:51.239
<v Speaker 2>than making it. So Comedians sometimes they get a little wild,

568
00:36:53.000 --> 00:36:53.840
<v Speaker 2>but much.

569
00:36:54.480 --> 00:36:58.960
<v Speaker 3>Like most of us who work for a living, get

570
00:36:59.000 --> 00:37:04.320
<v Speaker 3>stressed from our work and have consequence as a result

571
00:37:04.519 --> 00:37:06.800
<v Speaker 3>of the work. And by the way, that's the reason

572
00:37:06.840 --> 00:37:10.119
<v Speaker 3>you'd get off the merry. Go round periodically and reset

573
00:37:10.320 --> 00:37:15.000
<v Speaker 3>your set point with the use of laughter or music

574
00:37:15.039 --> 00:37:19.159
<v Speaker 3>that moves your soul, or some form of appropriate meditation.

575
00:37:20.159 --> 00:37:22.320
<v Speaker 3>Just watch the crystals, don't hit your head.

576
00:37:22.960 --> 00:37:25.519
<v Speaker 2>What about laughing yoga? Does that count as mirthful laughter?

577
00:37:25.559 --> 00:37:29.599
<v Speaker 2>Because mirthful laughter is organic laughter, right, not psychotic laughter.

578
00:37:29.719 --> 00:37:33.599
<v Speaker 3>There's a controversy of whether laughter yoga is the same

579
00:37:33.920 --> 00:37:41.079
<v Speaker 3>as intrinsic oriented good laughter yoga is I don't believe

580
00:37:41.119 --> 00:37:45.000
<v Speaker 3>it's the same thing as an intrinsic experience.

581
00:37:45.119 --> 00:37:47.880
<v Speaker 2>Are you ready for some questions from listeners? Sure, yeah,

582
00:37:48.000 --> 00:37:50.800
<v Speaker 2>there's so many, but I'm going to go through the

583
00:37:50.800 --> 00:37:54.800
<v Speaker 2>best ones quickly. We won't ask all of them. There's

584
00:37:54.840 --> 00:37:55.719
<v Speaker 2>no way I can ask you.

585
00:37:55.639 --> 00:37:56.079
<v Speaker 3>All of them.

586
00:37:56.480 --> 00:37:59.880
<v Speaker 2>But before we take questions from you, our beloved listeners,

587
00:38:00.039 --> 00:38:03.400
<v Speaker 2>going to take a quick break for sponsors of the show. Sponsors.

588
00:38:03.559 --> 00:38:05.599
<v Speaker 2>Why sponsors? You know what they do? They help us

589
00:38:05.599 --> 00:38:08.480
<v Speaker 2>give money to different charities every week. So if you

590
00:38:08.519 --> 00:38:11.000
<v Speaker 2>want to know where Ologies gives our money, you can

591
00:38:11.039 --> 00:38:13.639
<v Speaker 2>go to aliwar dot com and look for the tab

592
00:38:13.760 --> 00:38:17.039
<v Speaker 2>Ologies gives back. There's like one hundred and fifty different

593
00:38:17.119 --> 00:38:20.480
<v Speaker 2>charities that we've given to already, with more every single week.

594
00:38:20.519 --> 00:38:22.199
<v Speaker 2>So if you need a place to go, donate a

595
00:38:22.199 --> 00:38:23.760
<v Speaker 2>little bit of money but you're not sure where to go.

596
00:38:24.079 --> 00:38:27.400
<v Speaker 2>Those are all picked biologists who work in those fields,

597
00:38:27.719 --> 00:38:31.199
<v Speaker 2>and this ad break allows us to give a ton

598
00:38:31.239 --> 00:38:34.800
<v Speaker 2>of money to them. So thanks for listening and thank sponsors.

599
00:38:35.239 --> 00:38:38.519
<v Speaker 1>Imagine the place where you can escape for a day,

600
00:38:39.320 --> 00:38:43.840
<v Speaker 1>get immersed in a world of rooms, inspiration and expertise

601
00:38:44.400 --> 00:38:49.920
<v Speaker 1>where you can lazy luxury accommodation. Thank kids, cam fees

602
00:38:50.159 --> 00:38:55.760
<v Speaker 1>from ninety five sets, take yourself free to everyone and

603
00:38:55.840 --> 00:39:00.599
<v Speaker 1>include all the attractions you've just imagined in the day

604
00:39:00.760 --> 00:39:04.679
<v Speaker 1>out at the KaiA, the kia, the wonderful every day.

605
00:39:05.599 --> 00:39:09.960
<v Speaker 2>Okay, your questions Okay, So these first questions come from

606
00:39:10.400 --> 00:39:14.440
<v Speaker 2>my Patreon subscribers. So Priscilla wants to know does a

607
00:39:14.480 --> 00:39:16.880
<v Speaker 2>smile have the same effect on the body as a laugh.

608
00:39:17.000 --> 00:39:21.760
<v Speaker 3>There is some evidence that a smile elicits a similar response,

609
00:39:22.679 --> 00:39:28.719
<v Speaker 3>because for some individuals a smile is equivalent to a

610
00:39:28.800 --> 00:39:33.119
<v Speaker 3>laugh because they're not as overt as others are. There

611
00:39:33.760 --> 00:39:38.400
<v Speaker 3>is a benefit, just a little adjective here, there is

612
00:39:38.440 --> 00:39:42.440
<v Speaker 3>a benefit of seeing somebody smile because we have in

613
00:39:42.639 --> 00:39:46.880
<v Speaker 3>brain what we call mere neurons I'm sorry, maror neurons

614
00:39:47.320 --> 00:39:53.280
<v Speaker 3>is where we replicate that which we see. And if

615
00:39:53.320 --> 00:39:56.760
<v Speaker 3>that sounds strange, it's not so strange in the sense

616
00:39:56.840 --> 00:40:01.119
<v Speaker 3>that as we are walking down on a hallway and

617
00:40:01.159 --> 00:40:04.079
<v Speaker 3>we see somebody laughing at the other end of the hallway,

618
00:40:04.119 --> 00:40:06.599
<v Speaker 3>as a group of people, we have no idea what

619
00:40:06.639 --> 00:40:11.480
<v Speaker 3>the context is, yet we will start to smile in response.

620
00:40:11.639 --> 00:40:17.840
<v Speaker 3>So a smile does, by virtue of conditioning or creatures

621
00:40:17.840 --> 00:40:22.400
<v Speaker 3>of conditioning, indeed, canonlyicity beneficial response.

622
00:40:22.599 --> 00:40:26.239
<v Speaker 2>Rachel wants to know why do some people me, she says,

623
00:40:26.719 --> 00:40:28.159
<v Speaker 2>cry when we laugh really hard.

624
00:40:28.480 --> 00:40:33.039
<v Speaker 3>I think it's it's just part of the package. Yeah,

625
00:40:33.679 --> 00:40:38.239
<v Speaker 3>just you are just overflow, tears will roll down the eyes.

626
00:40:39.320 --> 00:40:43.000
<v Speaker 3>I mean, one can get into whether it's a sense

627
00:40:43.039 --> 00:40:46.639
<v Speaker 3>of eyes cleansing himself. If it's funny, it's good and

628
00:40:46.880 --> 00:40:49.440
<v Speaker 3>enjoy it, cry whatever.

629
00:40:50.079 --> 00:40:52.800
<v Speaker 2>That's a great lot of Katie wants to know. Is

630
00:40:52.880 --> 00:40:56.400
<v Speaker 2>laughing something that's developed in us biologically or is the

631
00:40:56.400 --> 00:40:59.480
<v Speaker 2>origin social She says, it seems like we can't control it,

632
00:40:59.519 --> 00:41:02.199
<v Speaker 2>but she does doesn't know what the evolutionary advantage of

633
00:41:02.320 --> 00:41:07.320
<v Speaker 2>laughter would be. Great question, Katie Anderson.

634
00:41:07.360 --> 00:41:09.760
<v Speaker 3>We are programmed to laugh, We are born to laugh.

635
00:41:09.920 --> 00:41:14.400
<v Speaker 3>And have you ever seen a three to four month

636
00:41:14.440 --> 00:41:16.920
<v Speaker 3>old child giggle and smile and laugh?

637
00:41:17.119 --> 00:41:19.519
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they're giggle there's meaty giggle boxes.

638
00:41:19.719 --> 00:41:20.679
<v Speaker 3>Where did they learn that?

639
00:41:21.159 --> 00:41:21.840
<v Speaker 2>So it's innate?

640
00:41:22.400 --> 00:41:26.880
<v Speaker 3>Sure, Yet they can't speak one word. So the brain

641
00:41:27.480 --> 00:41:35.760
<v Speaker 3>is programmed to have laughter, to utilize laughter. Yet we

642
00:41:35.960 --> 00:41:38.800
<v Speaker 3>don't do that in our society. In fact, when we

643
00:41:38.840 --> 00:41:42.599
<v Speaker 3>go to school. I grew up in Canada and I

644
00:41:42.679 --> 00:41:46.079
<v Speaker 3>spent the first eighteen years of my life in Canadian

645
00:41:46.239 --> 00:41:53.199
<v Speaker 3>school British system. If you please and education was serious,

646
00:41:53.519 --> 00:41:57.719
<v Speaker 3>and teacher told me so, don't, don't fool around in class,

647
00:41:57.840 --> 00:42:01.719
<v Speaker 3>and she would waggle her finger at me. Get serious.

648
00:42:02.079 --> 00:42:09.760
<v Speaker 3>Life is serious, so we are we socialize ourselves by

649
00:42:10.400 --> 00:42:16.599
<v Speaker 3>removing that that that reality of being programmed or innately

650
00:42:17.159 --> 00:42:22.199
<v Speaker 3>born with with with the utilization of laughter. After all,

651
00:42:22.320 --> 00:42:26.800
<v Speaker 3>laughter is a good medicine. We're told then to get

652
00:42:26.840 --> 00:42:30.239
<v Speaker 3>serious about life, and we do. Then we pay the

653
00:42:30.239 --> 00:42:30.760
<v Speaker 3>price for it.

654
00:42:31.119 --> 00:42:35.480
<v Speaker 2>Laughter isn't something that's conditioned. Rather, the lack of laughter

655
00:42:35.599 --> 00:42:36.480
<v Speaker 2>is conditioned more.

656
00:42:36.519 --> 00:42:43.719
<v Speaker 3>So, Yeah, we're we're deconditioned if to remove laughter as

657
00:42:43.840 --> 00:42:47.440
<v Speaker 3>part of being human. Yet we go home in the

658
00:42:47.480 --> 00:42:50.480
<v Speaker 3>evenings and look for the best sitcom that we can,

659
00:42:51.159 --> 00:42:54.000
<v Speaker 3>which is a whole nother discussion of the sitcoms that

660
00:42:54.039 --> 00:43:02.159
<v Speaker 3>are on television today versus do they really represent appropriate humor? Right?

661
00:43:02.199 --> 00:43:03.400
<v Speaker 2>What is appropriate humor?

662
00:43:04.480 --> 00:43:08.840
<v Speaker 3>Humor? Well, it's it's appropriate humor is when we can

663
00:43:09.000 --> 00:43:18.239
<v Speaker 3>laugh at ourselves without mockery. And today's humor is your

664
00:43:18.360 --> 00:43:23.400
<v Speaker 3>mother looks like a pig. So we are causing a

665
00:43:23.639 --> 00:43:31.840
<v Speaker 3>sense of detriment and derogatory meaning to the sense of humor.

666
00:43:31.920 --> 00:43:37.400
<v Speaker 3>So I'm supposed to find humor that is demeaning and

667
00:43:37.480 --> 00:43:43.639
<v Speaker 3>derogatory as being now the new definition of humor. The

668
00:43:43.760 --> 00:43:49.000
<v Speaker 3>question is not just the overt observation, but what is

669
00:43:49.039 --> 00:43:58.119
<v Speaker 3>then the neuroscience or the psychological translation of that demeaning

670
00:43:58.239 --> 00:44:02.400
<v Speaker 3>or derogatory pursue? Right?

671
00:44:02.480 --> 00:44:08.400
<v Speaker 2>Does it cause as much you stress as humor that

672
00:44:08.599 --> 00:44:13.599
<v Speaker 2>doesn't rely on another's kind of misery or taking down

673
00:44:13.599 --> 00:44:13.920
<v Speaker 2>a peg?

674
00:44:14.079 --> 00:44:20.039
<v Speaker 3>Well? Is that degradation now the new norm? So the

675
00:44:20.119 --> 00:44:25.039
<v Speaker 3>question is if I'm laughing at somebody telling me a

676
00:44:25.159 --> 00:44:30.880
<v Speaker 3>joke about my mother looking like a pig, and they

677
00:44:30.920 --> 00:44:35.440
<v Speaker 3>find it absolutely hilarious, that doesn't fit with my biology.

678
00:44:36.000 --> 00:44:40.760
<v Speaker 2>So remember, laughter follows this perceived threat found to be benign.

679
00:44:41.159 --> 00:44:43.960
<v Speaker 2>So if an insult comic is to cutting that sense

680
00:44:43.960 --> 00:44:46.079
<v Speaker 2>of like, oh, never mind, everything is fine, starts to

681
00:44:46.079 --> 00:44:48.159
<v Speaker 2>be kind of threatened. And I couldn't find a lot

682
00:44:48.199 --> 00:44:50.280
<v Speaker 2>of research on this. I did a lot of looking.

683
00:44:50.320 --> 00:44:54.039
<v Speaker 2>But maybe if the jokes are at another's expense, the

684
00:44:54.119 --> 00:44:57.159
<v Speaker 2>threat isn't imminent to you, So the laughter comes from

685
00:44:57.159 --> 00:45:00.559
<v Speaker 2>having been spared the insult comics attention. I don't know,

686
00:45:00.840 --> 00:45:04.199
<v Speaker 2>I myself get super uncomfy with insult comics and roasts

687
00:45:04.199 --> 00:45:06.840
<v Speaker 2>because like, human beings are so fragile, and it just

688
00:45:06.920 --> 00:45:10.239
<v Speaker 2>bums me out. But the late doctor William F. Frye,

689
00:45:10.239 --> 00:45:12.760
<v Speaker 2>who was a Stanford psychiatrist. He was kind of the

690
00:45:12.800 --> 00:45:17.440
<v Speaker 2>founder of modern gelutology, explained that laughing when someone trips, however,

691
00:45:17.639 --> 00:45:21.760
<v Speaker 2>happens when we know that this situation didn't ultimately harm them.

692
00:45:22.079 --> 00:45:25.639
<v Speaker 2>So watching someone stumble like over a pigeon and drop

693
00:45:25.639 --> 00:45:28.239
<v Speaker 2>an ice cream might be funny because the ice cream

694
00:45:28.280 --> 00:45:29.719
<v Speaker 2>was the only thing that was really harmed, you know.

695
00:45:29.840 --> 00:45:32.719
<v Speaker 2>But if the person died in the fall and also

696
00:45:32.840 --> 00:45:35.920
<v Speaker 2>killed a pigeon, it would be kind of outside the

697
00:45:36.000 --> 00:45:40.440
<v Speaker 2>playframe and not funny. So we'd empathize with the harm,

698
00:45:40.559 --> 00:45:42.960
<v Speaker 2>and the threat could no longer be benign unless you

699
00:45:43.000 --> 00:45:45.000
<v Speaker 2>were a dick and you didn't care or like really

700
00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:46.880
<v Speaker 2>invested in the ice cream, and that bummed you out.

701
00:45:47.360 --> 00:45:51.280
<v Speaker 2>Thomas Pico asked, why do we laugh when we watch Slapstick?

702
00:45:51.320 --> 00:45:53.760
<v Speaker 2>Why is watching someone slip on a banana peel funny

703
00:45:54.079 --> 00:45:56.719
<v Speaker 2>like laughing at the three stooges causing each other pain?

704
00:45:57.800 --> 00:45:59.920
<v Speaker 2>Is that funny? Should that be funny?

705
00:46:00.239 --> 00:46:02.119
<v Speaker 3>Well, I'm not sure that the pain is the issue

706
00:46:02.159 --> 00:46:05.199
<v Speaker 3>of what's being funny. What is funny is the fact

707
00:46:05.280 --> 00:46:08.719
<v Speaker 3>that we know that we have periodically slipped on something

708
00:46:09.280 --> 00:46:12.440
<v Speaker 3>and we find that identity. They just take it to

709
00:46:12.559 --> 00:46:14.920
<v Speaker 3>the extreme that we can identify with.

710
00:46:15.159 --> 00:46:18.800
<v Speaker 2>When it's directed at the human experience or back at

711
00:46:18.800 --> 00:46:23.800
<v Speaker 2>ourselves or a surprise factor, it has different benefits neurologically sure.

712
00:46:23.920 --> 00:46:27.840
<v Speaker 2>Side note my own question, in a current current climate

713
00:46:27.880 --> 00:46:34.280
<v Speaker 2>that seems high stress lately, do you feel that people

714
00:46:34.400 --> 00:46:38.239
<v Speaker 2>are doing enough to kind of combat stress of the

715
00:46:38.280 --> 00:46:40.559
<v Speaker 2>news cycle? Like, given that our new cycle is now

716
00:46:40.599 --> 00:46:43.039
<v Speaker 2>twenty four hours, we're constantly getting alerts on our phone

717
00:46:43.039 --> 00:46:46.480
<v Speaker 2>and things like that, do you think people are watching

718
00:46:46.639 --> 00:46:49.199
<v Speaker 2>enough humor? Do you think it's a good balance these days?

719
00:46:49.440 --> 00:46:49.519
<v Speaker 4>No?

720
00:46:49.679 --> 00:46:54.199
<v Speaker 3>I think I don't think we were watching enough that

721
00:46:54.320 --> 00:47:06.679
<v Speaker 3>which counter counters the detriment. Do we see society improving

722
00:47:07.519 --> 00:47:11.480
<v Speaker 3>in its interaction with each other as a result of

723
00:47:11.800 --> 00:47:17.960
<v Speaker 3>the enhancement of the technology and the communication with the

724
00:47:18.079 --> 00:47:20.199
<v Speaker 3>media and the news as it is today?

725
00:47:20.400 --> 00:47:23.679
<v Speaker 2>Right? Not so much? Perhaps here's a theory. It seems

726
00:47:23.719 --> 00:47:26.159
<v Speaker 2>to be a depressing time lately, so let's laugh more.

727
00:47:28.079 --> 00:47:33.719
<v Speaker 3>Then, what then is our our stop gap or how

728
00:47:33.760 --> 00:47:36.639
<v Speaker 3>do we counter that? It's at a molecular level?

729
00:47:37.000 --> 00:47:40.320
<v Speaker 2>I imagine yeah, that we don't I think we take

730
00:47:40.360 --> 00:47:42.960
<v Speaker 2>stress for granted so much just it's something that we

731
00:47:43.000 --> 00:47:44.800
<v Speaker 2>deal with. It's something that happens, and it's something that

732
00:47:44.960 --> 00:47:46.519
<v Speaker 2>very much is in the mind, but it's not in

733
00:47:46.559 --> 00:47:50.920
<v Speaker 2>the mind when you consider immunology and autoimmunity as well

734
00:47:50.960 --> 00:47:52.039
<v Speaker 2>as effective.

735
00:47:51.639 --> 00:47:57.119
<v Speaker 3>Every thought process, every thought process has biotranslation. There's no

736
00:47:57.280 --> 00:48:01.000
<v Speaker 3>thought that either we create on ourselves or comes in

737
00:48:01.039 --> 00:48:05.039
<v Speaker 3>to us that doesn't have biological translation. The question is, then,

738
00:48:05.079 --> 00:48:08.760
<v Speaker 3>what is the consequence of that translation. It's like a

739
00:48:08.840 --> 00:48:11.480
<v Speaker 3>fork in the road. You want it to benefit you

740
00:48:11.599 --> 00:48:13.599
<v Speaker 3>or do you want is it going to be detrimental?

741
00:48:13.679 --> 00:48:17.519
<v Speaker 3>So it depends what you're watching, listening to, and what

742
00:48:17.559 --> 00:48:18.000
<v Speaker 3>you're doing.

743
00:48:18.119 --> 00:48:19.679
<v Speaker 2>I have a few more questions. These are from people

744
00:48:19.679 --> 00:48:23.360
<v Speaker 2>in your Facebook group. This question came up probably no

745
00:48:23.400 --> 00:48:26.199
<v Speaker 2>fewer than six times. Why do we laugh when someone

746
00:48:26.239 --> 00:48:29.360
<v Speaker 2>tickles us? And why can't we sickle ourselves?

747
00:48:29.599 --> 00:48:30.760
<v Speaker 3>We haven't studied that yet.

748
00:48:33.400 --> 00:48:34.880
<v Speaker 2>That's a next study.

749
00:48:35.079 --> 00:48:39.239
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I don't have an I don't have an answer

750
00:48:39.639 --> 00:48:40.320
<v Speaker 3>for that.

751
00:48:41.039 --> 00:48:44.079
<v Speaker 2>So this may not be doctor Burke's wheelhouse, but some

752
00:48:44.280 --> 00:48:47.760
<v Speaker 2>evolutionary biologists think that we laugh when we're tickled because

753
00:48:48.039 --> 00:48:50.440
<v Speaker 2>there's a part of the brain called the hypothalmus, and

754
00:48:50.760 --> 00:48:54.719
<v Speaker 2>that tells us to laugh when we experience a light touch.

755
00:48:54.840 --> 00:48:58.000
<v Speaker 2>It's the same part of us that says, hey, and

756
00:48:58.320 --> 00:49:02.000
<v Speaker 2>painful sensation is coming. Someone goes for like a tickle zone,

757
00:49:02.039 --> 00:49:04.719
<v Speaker 2>like your pits or your feet or your throat. They

758
00:49:04.760 --> 00:49:07.320
<v Speaker 2>could be killing you with their hands, and laughing could

759
00:49:07.320 --> 00:49:10.480
<v Speaker 2>have evolved as a defense mechanism to show that we're

760
00:49:10.519 --> 00:49:14.199
<v Speaker 2>submissive to an aggressor and make the tension go away.

761
00:49:14.480 --> 00:49:16.639
<v Speaker 2>You laugh at people's jokes and maybe they'll like you.

762
00:49:16.679 --> 00:49:20.119
<v Speaker 2>They won't get peeved, and you perhaps giggle at tickles.

763
00:49:20.519 --> 00:49:23.400
<v Speaker 2>Maybe your airways won't get crushed by someone. So thanks

764
00:49:23.480 --> 00:49:27.559
<v Speaker 2>human brain. Now do other species of animals laugh? McKenna

765
00:49:27.599 --> 00:49:28.079
<v Speaker 2>ask that.

766
00:49:28.039 --> 00:49:33.960
<v Speaker 3>Well, they claim, he certainly the chimpanzees have a form

767
00:49:34.000 --> 00:49:40.920
<v Speaker 3>of laughter. I even think there is one investigator who

768
00:49:43.039 --> 00:49:49.320
<v Speaker 3>studies from the neuroscience standpoint that rats have a form

769
00:49:49.360 --> 00:49:55.000
<v Speaker 3>of laughter and they can monitor the frequency and he's

770
00:49:55.039 --> 00:49:55.920
<v Speaker 3>calling that laughter.

771
00:49:56.360 --> 00:49:59.440
<v Speaker 2>Okay, go get your eyes on this National Geographic video

772
00:49:59.519 --> 00:50:00.519
<v Speaker 2>about rat tickling.

773
00:50:00.800 --> 00:50:03.280
<v Speaker 1>So here's the sound a rat makes if you tickle

774
00:50:03.320 --> 00:50:03.800
<v Speaker 1>its back.

775
00:50:06.400 --> 00:50:08.920
<v Speaker 2>The video goes on to note that the rats freaking

776
00:50:09.039 --> 00:50:12.599
<v Speaker 2>love it. They seek out this gloved hand of the

777
00:50:12.639 --> 00:50:15.559
<v Speaker 2>researcher for more tickling. They chase the hand around. It's

778
00:50:15.639 --> 00:50:18.199
<v Speaker 2>kind of like a little tiny sewer dog with a long,

779
00:50:18.280 --> 00:50:19.079
<v Speaker 2>snaky tail.

780
00:50:19.599 --> 00:50:22.400
<v Speaker 3>If you've ever seen a dog that's panting somewhat and

781
00:50:22.480 --> 00:50:26.079
<v Speaker 3>their tail's wagging. They claim that to be some form

782
00:50:26.119 --> 00:50:27.719
<v Speaker 3>of laughter That.

783
00:50:27.679 --> 00:50:31.039
<v Speaker 2>Would make sense be given our social relationship with them

784
00:50:31.079 --> 00:50:33.239
<v Speaker 2>as a means of bonding or communicating.

785
00:50:33.320 --> 00:50:37.880
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, But to answer that question more specifically, one would

786
00:50:37.880 --> 00:50:42.719
<v Speaker 3>have to look at what is brain doing okay and

787
00:50:43.039 --> 00:50:47.159
<v Speaker 3>is it similar in response in their brain? I think

788
00:50:47.639 --> 00:50:56.280
<v Speaker 3>most animals most have some sense of capability of laughter,

789
00:50:56.440 --> 00:50:58.519
<v Speaker 3>if you please, or I want to call it laughter

790
00:50:58.800 --> 00:51:02.360
<v Speaker 3>being associated with happiness or joyfulness.

791
00:51:02.440 --> 00:51:04.519
<v Speaker 2>I have one one last question, but it's a two

792
00:51:04.559 --> 00:51:07.800
<v Speaker 2>part of what is the hardest thing about your job

793
00:51:07.920 --> 00:51:10.639
<v Speaker 2>or your least favorite thing about your job? It could

794
00:51:10.679 --> 00:51:14.599
<v Speaker 2>be anything from like the vending machines in the cafeteria

795
00:51:14.760 --> 00:51:21.880
<v Speaker 2>to research funding to having to iron shirts to the

796
00:51:21.920 --> 00:51:24.920
<v Speaker 2>mysteries of gamma waves. I always am curious about what

797
00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:28.800
<v Speaker 2>the most challenging thing is of the job or of

798
00:51:28.920 --> 00:51:32.159
<v Speaker 2>life either. I would say the most challenged to think

799
00:51:32.199 --> 00:51:37.880
<v Speaker 2>about about being a psycho neeuroimmunologist slash slash gelatologist.

800
00:51:38.519 --> 00:51:42.880
<v Speaker 3>Not having a twenty fifth hour, not enough time?

801
00:51:43.760 --> 00:51:45.119
<v Speaker 2>What would you do in that one hour?

802
00:51:45.480 --> 00:51:49.880
<v Speaker 3>Albert Einstein said this real well on his deathbed. He said, I've.

803
00:51:49.679 --> 00:51:53.440
<v Speaker 2>Only started so that you can't do it all. Yeah,

804
00:51:53.480 --> 00:51:54.199
<v Speaker 2>that's a high thing.

805
00:51:54.440 --> 00:51:58.199
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, well, I get asked by students. I asked the students,

806
00:51:58.639 --> 00:52:03.079
<v Speaker 3>doctor Burke, you know so much? You know and it's

807
00:52:04.559 --> 00:52:12.159
<v Speaker 3>it's the most humbling statement in the sense. My response is, no,

808
00:52:12.320 --> 00:52:16.519
<v Speaker 3>I really don't. I thought I knew a lot yesterday

809
00:52:16.599 --> 00:52:18.239
<v Speaker 3>and but I know less today.

810
00:52:20.039 --> 00:52:22.760
<v Speaker 2>What is your favorite thing about what you do?

811
00:52:23.039 --> 00:52:23.480
<v Speaker 3>Everything?

812
00:52:24.039 --> 00:52:24.400
<v Speaker 2>Everything?

813
00:52:24.639 --> 00:52:29.519
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I'm pretty lucky. I'm lucky to be doing what

814
00:52:29.559 --> 00:52:35.280
<v Speaker 3>I'm doing. I'm lucky to be. Don't ever, anybody in

815
00:52:35.320 --> 00:52:40.119
<v Speaker 3>your audience, don't ever think because you're so diverse that

816
00:52:40.199 --> 00:52:45.199
<v Speaker 3>it doesn't pay off. It certainly does, because you get

817
00:52:45.239 --> 00:52:51.039
<v Speaker 3>to you get to see and think of different perspectives

818
00:52:51.039 --> 00:52:54.400
<v Speaker 3>that you would never ever have the opportunity to do so.

819
00:52:56.159 --> 00:52:58.960
<v Speaker 3>And I started, you know, with this degree, and this

820
00:52:59.199 --> 00:53:02.440
<v Speaker 3>degree is I call it, and sociology and on or on.

821
00:53:03.159 --> 00:53:06.320
<v Speaker 3>It was so diverse. It all came together when I

822
00:53:06.360 --> 00:53:09.800
<v Speaker 3>stumbled into psycho or immunology and realized how everything was

823
00:53:09.840 --> 00:53:20.519
<v Speaker 3>inter twined, interwoven, interrelated, and the reality of the consequence

824
00:53:20.719 --> 00:53:28.840
<v Speaker 3>of anyone thought, either going for benefit or detriment, is

825
00:53:29.119 --> 00:53:31.760
<v Speaker 3>very real and that's my choice.

826
00:53:31.920 --> 00:53:34.880
<v Speaker 2>You are just a new hero of mine. So to

827
00:53:34.960 --> 00:53:37.880
<v Speaker 2>learn more about doctor Burke and his work. The work

828
00:53:37.920 --> 00:53:40.920
<v Speaker 2>of Burke, go to his website at doctor dash Lee

829
00:53:41.440 --> 00:53:44.800
<v Speaker 2>dash Burke dot com and I post links and photos

830
00:53:44.800 --> 00:53:47.880
<v Speaker 2>at Aliward dot com slash ologies for all the episodes.

831
00:53:48.679 --> 00:53:51.360
<v Speaker 2>You can follow Ologies on Instagram or Twitter it's just

832
00:53:51.400 --> 00:53:55.480
<v Speaker 2>at Ologies. You can join all the lovely ologyites at

833
00:53:55.519 --> 00:53:59.559
<v Speaker 2>the Ologies podcast Facebook group. Great group of people and

834
00:53:59.559 --> 00:54:03.079
<v Speaker 2>they always have really interesting links and insights into the episodes.

835
00:54:03.679 --> 00:54:06.480
<v Speaker 2>You can follow me at Ali Ward Ali with one

836
00:54:06.599 --> 00:54:11.239
<v Speaker 2>L on Twitter or Instagram, and or become a patron

837
00:54:11.480 --> 00:54:15.079
<v Speaker 2>at patreon dot com slash ologies. I tell you what

838
00:54:15.239 --> 00:54:17.840
<v Speaker 2>topics are coming up next. You get kind of some

839
00:54:17.880 --> 00:54:21.960
<v Speaker 2>sneak information there and then your questions get asked to Theologists,

840
00:54:22.159 --> 00:54:24.400
<v Speaker 2>so you can join for as little as twenty five

841
00:54:24.440 --> 00:54:27.079
<v Speaker 2>cents an episode. Thank you to Stephen Ray Morris for

842
00:54:27.119 --> 00:54:30.159
<v Speaker 2>all the edits on this episode, and to Shannon Feltis

843
00:54:30.159 --> 00:54:33.000
<v Speaker 2>and Bonnie Dutch for their amazing work they do at

844
00:54:33.000 --> 00:54:36.639
<v Speaker 2>ologiesmerch dot Com. I have tons of stuff up there

845
00:54:36.760 --> 00:54:39.199
<v Speaker 2>that they've helped design and helped me manage, so head

846
00:54:39.239 --> 00:54:42.079
<v Speaker 2>to that site you can browse the goods. Also, if

847
00:54:42.079 --> 00:54:44.360
<v Speaker 2>you're near Portland on February twenty second and you want

848
00:54:44.400 --> 00:54:47.239
<v Speaker 2>to meet the fantatologist from a few episodes back Cole

849
00:54:47.280 --> 00:54:51.000
<v Speaker 2>and Perry, she's so great. The link for a special

850
00:54:51.000 --> 00:54:53.119
<v Speaker 2>dinner with her in Portland on the twenty second of

851
00:54:53.119 --> 00:54:54.800
<v Speaker 2>February is in the show notes, so you can click

852
00:54:54.840 --> 00:54:58.599
<v Speaker 2>on that. Nick Thorburn did the music for Ologies, and

853
00:54:58.639 --> 00:55:00.000
<v Speaker 2>if you like it, you should check out his band

854
00:55:00.119 --> 00:55:04.159
<v Speaker 2>Island or his solo work Nick Diamond. He also did

855
00:55:04.159 --> 00:55:08.159
<v Speaker 2>the serial theme music Is That Crazy. He's great and

856
00:55:08.400 --> 00:55:10.239
<v Speaker 2>per usual. I always tell a secret at the end

857
00:55:10.239 --> 00:55:13.639
<v Speaker 2>of the episode, and I, you know, I thought it

858
00:55:13.639 --> 00:55:17.239
<v Speaker 2>would be interesting to hear what the hardest you guys

859
00:55:17.239 --> 00:55:21.960
<v Speaker 2>have ever laughed? So I don't know, tagget Gelatology and

860
00:55:22.559 --> 00:55:23.800
<v Speaker 2>let me know, But I want to hear what the

861
00:55:23.800 --> 00:55:26.119
<v Speaker 2>hardest you guys have ever laughed is. I'll tell you mine.

862
00:55:26.519 --> 00:55:28.679
<v Speaker 2>I think the hardest I've ever laughed was watching this

863
00:55:28.800 --> 00:55:32.920
<v Speaker 2>video posted to YouTube by a user called food Plot.

864
00:55:33.119 --> 00:55:36.159
<v Speaker 2>It's about a dog named Denver who eats Cat Treats.

865
00:55:36.639 --> 00:55:38.320
<v Speaker 2>I just did a whole thing where I thought i'd

866
00:55:38.360 --> 00:55:41.239
<v Speaker 2>watch it while recording, but it was too much drill cackling,

867
00:55:41.280 --> 00:55:43.719
<v Speaker 2>so I just deleted it. But it's anyway, It's really good, Okay.

868
00:55:44.280 --> 00:55:47.079
<v Speaker 2>Asks more people love questions, you know the drill.

869
00:55:47.119 --> 00:56:00.000
<v Speaker 4>Urbye, Pacodermatology, mombiology, crypto zoology, lithology and zeminology, meteorology, bology, nathology. Serious.

870
00:56:11.159 --> 00:56:14.440
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