WEBVTT

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<v Speaker 1>Your flat out and your to do list is growing

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<v Speaker 1>by the minute, but unfortunately so is your headache. And

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<v Speaker 1>now you've gone from flat out to flattened. Luckily, Panadal

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<v Speaker 1>extra film coated tablets are boosted by caffeine and they

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<v Speaker 1>get to work in as little as ten minutes for

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<v Speaker 1>powerful relief. That's more than just paracetamol. That's one for

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<v Speaker 1>Panadal speed based on absorption data contains paracetamol. Always read

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<v Speaker 1>the label or leaflet.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh hey, it's your aunt's innocent work crush. Ali Ward

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<v Speaker 2>back for another episode of Ologies. Okay, it's time for

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<v Speaker 2>us to come out of our spiral shells and give

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<v Speaker 2>snails a whirl. Now this episode is a big derby

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<v Speaker 2>bag of happy surprises. I have learned so much from

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<v Speaker 2>snails and their origin stories, their adaptability, their non binary

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<v Speaker 2>outlook on life. It's inspiring. I think I love them

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<v Speaker 2>even more now I really love snails. And I'm going

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<v Speaker 2>to say this quickly, thank you to all the patrons

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<v Speaker 2>making the podcast happen and letting me keep it ad

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<v Speaker 2>free since the start. On purpose sofar patreon dot com.

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<v Speaker 2>Slash Ologies is where you can submit your questions to

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<v Speaker 2>ologists before I even record episodes. Also, if you want

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<v Speaker 2>to support by having OLOGI swag on your actual physical body,

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<v Speaker 2>you can go to Ologiesmarch dot com and through July,

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<v Speaker 2>I'm having a summer sale on everything in the shop

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<v Speaker 2>ten percent off, so browse, load up, buy some gifts,

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<v Speaker 2>hold some things for doomsday. The code at checkout is

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<v Speaker 2>camp Ologies. Also, thank you to everyone who rates and

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<v Speaker 2>reviews and subscribes keeping Ologies up in the science charts

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<v Speaker 2>so other people can find it now. If you listen regularly,

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<v Speaker 2>you know Uncle Ali creeps your reviews, and to prove it,

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<v Speaker 2>I read one aloud each week and y'all, I got

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<v Speaker 2>my first shitty review two stars. I mean it is

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<v Speaker 2>better than one. But someone called it a cute commentary

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<v Speaker 2>track on science subjects with the occasional interesting question thrown

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<v Speaker 2>in and didn't like that I had asides on tangents,

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<v Speaker 2>like about rap music. So okay, that's fine, and no,

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<v Speaker 2>I won't stop.

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<v Speaker 3>But thank you to all of you who always leave

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<v Speaker 3>nice reviews.

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<v Speaker 4>Like Nick silver Fangirl said that Ologies is like if

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<v Speaker 4>PBS allowed swearing, and I'm like, nice, don't worry, I

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<v Speaker 4>swear a lot more later. So onto Malacology, the study

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<v Speaker 4>of molluscs. Malacology comes from the Greek word ready for

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<v Speaker 4>this for soft animal, and it deals with mollusks, ranging

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<v Speaker 4>from snails and slugs and bivalves octopuses.

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<v Speaker 2>There are so many mollusks. Malacology really is an umbrella

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<v Speaker 2>term that covers so many. But there are subsets, like

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<v Speaker 2>the amazing tothology. There's an episode on that about squid.

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<v Speaker 2>It's great, she's great. Now there isn't a specific snail ology.

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<v Speaker 2>Lime Ecology is a study of slugs. Slugs get thrownology,

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<v Speaker 2>but snails don't get their own. This episode, which is

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<v Speaker 2>just a carnival of slug and snail facts, we're gonna

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<v Speaker 2>go with the curator's title of malacologist.

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<v Speaker 5>Now.

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<v Speaker 4>This ologist is just wonderfully charming. She's informative and passionate.

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<v Speaker 4>And Frank I was so excited to head to the

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<v Speaker 4>Museum of Natural History in LA to hang out in

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<v Speaker 4>her office, setting my iced latte down on a coffee

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<v Speaker 4>table that turned out to be a slab of fossils

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<v Speaker 4>and shells in rock millions of years old. And when

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<v Speaker 4>she told me, I was like eh, And I asked

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<v Speaker 4>if I should use a coaster, and she said very dryly. Nah,

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<v Speaker 4>it survived a long time through a lot worse. I mean,

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<v Speaker 4>she's got a point. So I love the NHM in

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<v Speaker 4>LA and volunteering there one hundred percent changed my life.

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<v Speaker 4>So I'm thrilled every time I get to walk into

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<v Speaker 4>the marble foyer and see everyone invests in badges and

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<v Speaker 4>kids running around and people looking at dioramas.

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<v Speaker 3>It's one of my favorite places.

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<v Speaker 2>So I got up early and wore something comfortable but cute,

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<v Speaker 2>and I made extra sure to be there on time.

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<v Speaker 3>But there was one issue. Today the forecast is one

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<v Speaker 3>hundred and eleven degrees. I'm walking three blocks from the

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<v Speaker 3>parking garage to the museum.

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<v Speaker 2>And I had to rest under a tree halfway there.

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<v Speaker 3>I'm gonna die. What if this is how I die?

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<v Speaker 4>I die walking free blocks in LA to go interview

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<v Speaker 4>a snail expert.

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<v Speaker 3>If that's how I go, That's how I go. So spoiler,

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<v Speaker 3>I lived.

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<v Speaker 2>But we got to her office and I had to

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<v Speaker 2>decide whether to weather the weather or just keep the

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<v Speaker 2>AC going. So we turned it off for sonic reasons,

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<v Speaker 2>and we made it through. But what resulted was a

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<v Speaker 2>truly wonderful discourse about the most shocking and erotic mating

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<v Speaker 2>rituals I have heard in quite some time. There's gardening tips,

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<v Speaker 2>evolutionary puzzles, there's some gold rush lore, snail slime as

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<v Speaker 2>a beauty mucus by the way, in line with a

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<v Speaker 2>rhinology episode, mucus is one word I can't deal with,

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<v Speaker 2>So all the F words are kept in, but I'm

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<v Speaker 2>bleeping out the M word. That's just that's what I do. Plus,

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<v Speaker 2>I had to grapple with your desire for a giant

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<v Speaker 2>pest nail, So get ready to slug around with snail

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<v Speaker 2>expert in malacologist doctor Jan Vendetti.

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<v Speaker 3>I feel like we might actually die because I don't

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<v Speaker 3>want to have to call the corner in the middle

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<v Speaker 3>of this interview for either one of us. I don't

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<v Speaker 3>want my ghost to call the corner. It's so is

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<v Speaker 3>the hottest it.

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<v Speaker 6>And there is no camera, so it doesn't matter where

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<v Speaker 6>I'm sitting in, what I look like, and what I'm doing.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah you could.

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<v Speaker 4>You could not even be wearing shoes or pants right

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<v Speaker 4>now and no one would care. I oftentime record my

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<v Speaker 4>narration just for all Episode's the best thing about podcast.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, So Jan has worked as the malacology and Invertebrate

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<v Speaker 2>Paleontology collections curator at the Natural History Museum of La

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<v Speaker 2>County for three years. And I like to picture her

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<v Speaker 2>behind the scenes as the malacology queen, wearing like a

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<v Speaker 2>stiff brown circular cape and a crown with bejeweled eyestalks,

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<v Speaker 2>but she was just down to earth and Khaki's in

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<v Speaker 2>a gray shirt. Like imagine if Anna Kendrick were playing

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<v Speaker 2>a really cool ass museum scientist.

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<v Speaker 4>Now.

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<v Speaker 2>Before she landed in La Jan got a bachelor's in

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<v Speaker 2>biology and geology and a PhD in integrative biology at

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<v Speaker 2>Berkeley before making a glistening path into the garden of

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<v Speaker 2>professional malacology.

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<v Speaker 6>Sure, so I did my bachelor's degree at Colgate University

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<v Speaker 6>in upstate New York, and that I double majored in

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<v Speaker 6>biology and geology. So that gave me a lot of

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<v Speaker 6>crossover with paleobiology, which is what I was very.

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<v Speaker 3>Much interested in.

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<v Speaker 6>So ecosystems, mostly marine ecosystems from the past and today,

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<v Speaker 6>normally paletologies with rocks, right, so the organization goes dead

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<v Speaker 6>things in rocks go with rocks, not with the thing

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<v Speaker 6>that are dead in them, so they don't go into

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<v Speaker 6>a biology department, even though you're studying the biology of

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<v Speaker 6>these things that are dead often. So I was interested

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<v Speaker 6>in paleontology from a more biology perspective, a more paleobiology perspective.

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<v Speaker 6>So UC Berkeley is the only place that had paleontology

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<v Speaker 6>that was being studied by people who trained as biologists.

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<v Speaker 3>Cool.

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<v Speaker 6>So anyway, so I went there, got my PhD there

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<v Speaker 6>in integrated biology, and then came down to Los Angeles

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<v Speaker 6>to do a post doc in c slug phylogenetics, so

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<v Speaker 6>sea slugs and their relationships to each.

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<v Speaker 4>Other, I mean, as one does. And then of course

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<v Speaker 4>came the job at the museum here in blistering, hot,

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<v Speaker 4>scorching LA.

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<v Speaker 3>So I stayed in LA.

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<v Speaker 6>And so now I'm in LA and if all goes well,

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<v Speaker 6>I will stay here, which is a surprise because I

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<v Speaker 6>never thought I'd be in Los Angeles.

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<v Speaker 3>When you think about LA, it seems so arid. It's amazing.

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<v Speaker 3>We even have snails right.

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<v Speaker 6>Originally studied marine gastropods, but then the museum, this museum

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<v Speaker 6>had a real push for community science or citizen science

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<v Speaker 6>in mostly terrestrial biology, so animals that are living on land.

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<v Speaker 6>So that shifted my research focus to terrestrial gastropods, which

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<v Speaker 6>are mostly which are slugs and snails, and mostly the

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<v Speaker 6>species living in urban environments, which almost nobody's done any

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<v Speaker 6>work on.

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<v Speaker 5>Right.

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<v Speaker 4>I saw that on I saw that on the website.

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<v Speaker 4>I was like, you deal in urban malacology, which is

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<v Speaker 4>like so bad ass, Like I love that there's like

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<v Speaker 4>city snails on like fixed gear bikes and buy dollar coffees.

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<v Speaker 6>Story right, right, You're never going to buy their houses

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<v Speaker 6>because they spend all their money on avocado TOAs.

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<v Speaker 5>There.

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<v Speaker 6>Yeah, so the almost nobody study them. And there's this

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<v Speaker 6>interesting phenomenon called synanthropy or sin anthrapy, synanthropy. Synanthropy, something

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<v Speaker 6>can be synanthropic, which means that it lives with it

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<v Speaker 6>lives near or in or because of human habitation. So

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<v Speaker 6>human disturbance of an environment makes uh is good for

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<v Speaker 6>these species.

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<v Speaker 2>Right, So yes, some species actually benefit when big stupid

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<v Speaker 2>naked apes have gone in and torn up the land

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<v Speaker 2>to make houses and lawns and golf courses because there

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<v Speaker 2>are resources that wouldn't otherwise be there. If you know

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<v Speaker 2>then they will.

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<v Speaker 6>So it's like this is sort of the tail of

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<v Speaker 6>invasive or introduced species, which aren't necessarily the same thing.

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<v Speaker 6>But if you have a species that is living somewhere

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<v Speaker 6>that it did not evolve, often those are taxa that

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<v Speaker 6>are really good at living in multiple different places, so

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<v Speaker 6>they're very generalist or like generalist feeders, or they're just

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<v Speaker 6>very good at living somewhere that wasn't exactly the environment

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<v Speaker 6>where they evolved, right, And so that's if you find

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<v Speaker 6>a slug in Los Angeles, nine times out of ten,

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<v Speaker 6>it is not from here.

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<v Speaker 4>Of course, not because we don't The lawns aren't natural here, right,

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<v Speaker 4>we're right scrub brush, Like, what are the snails going

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<v Speaker 4>to do here?

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<v Speaker 3>But they're like, ooh, look at this, that's news, so

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<v Speaker 3>they do really. Yeah, so there's a bunch of snails too.

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<v Speaker 6>That So we've been documenting introduced taxa, which like I said,

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<v Speaker 6>almost nobody's been documenting. USDA cares about that for reasons

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<v Speaker 6>that we should think of as sort of obvious given

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<v Speaker 6>the amount of produce that comes from California, and if

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<v Speaker 6>some of these invasive or introduced snails were to get

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<v Speaker 6>into the Central Valley, that would become a big problem

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<v Speaker 6>for various exports of or domestic and international and there's

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<v Speaker 6>some snails and slugs that are harbors of or vectors

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<v Speaker 6>for diseases, So things that we care about from sort

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<v Speaker 6>of a pragmatic perspective, but then also from an evolutionary

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<v Speaker 6>biologists perspective, it's interesting to me how these animals, whatever

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<v Speaker 6>they are, are living in places that they didn't evolve.

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<v Speaker 6>So how are they interacting with the rest of the

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<v Speaker 6>iron Who's eating them? Who are they eating? Do they

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<v Speaker 6>have any life history changes compared to the population that

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<v Speaker 6>they came from, so what what effects are there of

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<v Speaker 6>something called genetic drift.

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<v Speaker 2>For more on genetic drift, which is kind of like

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<v Speaker 2>rolling a twenty sided die in terms of DNA, listen

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<v Speaker 2>to the Evolutionary Biology episode and then go out and

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<v Speaker 2>say to a snail, Hey, dude, you made it. Who

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<v Speaker 2>it's crazy.

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<v Speaker 6>It's all sorts of fun things that we can ask

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<v Speaker 6>once we sort of know who the players are and

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<v Speaker 6>where they are. And so that's still where we are now,

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<v Speaker 6>trying to figure out which species live here and where.

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<v Speaker 3>And my first question is why snails?

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<v Speaker 4>Why at all?

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<v Speaker 3>Why gas? Why anybody?

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<v Speaker 1>What?

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<v Speaker 3>No like in you like? At what point were you like?

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<v Speaker 4>These are the this is the group for me, yes,

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<v Speaker 4>like yeah, because they're so cool. But you like, yeah,

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<v Speaker 4>I'm going to be a malacologist.

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<v Speaker 3>It's happening right.

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<v Speaker 6>Well, for any young person who's looking to become a malacologist,

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<v Speaker 6>they should know that there are no malacology programs in

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<v Speaker 6>the US or really anywhere as far as I know.

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<v Speaker 3>So yeah, so.

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<v Speaker 6>It's not a it's not a path that has been

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<v Speaker 6>tread by future or ancestral generations of scientists.

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<v Speaker 2>So you got to make your own slime trail future

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<v Speaker 2>malacologists because instead of there being programs about molluscs specifically,

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<v Speaker 2>you kind of come at it from the side, like

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<v Speaker 2>a side door, like hello, and.

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<v Speaker 3>Did you get here?

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<v Speaker 6>How did I become that? Because there was no program

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<v Speaker 6>to study it specifically. I took courses in invertebrates, right,

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<v Speaker 6>so paleontological focused courses. It sort of just so happened

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<v Speaker 6>that I ended up working with somebody who did sea

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<v Speaker 6>slugs because they were totally awesome.

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<v Speaker 3>So I wanted to do sea slugs and that was

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<v Speaker 3>also a malis.

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<v Speaker 2>I thought maybe gastropods would have like a crappy fossil

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<v Speaker 2>record because they're squishy as hell, But duh, I mean

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<v Speaker 2>I forgot a lot of them have shells, which big

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<v Speaker 2>news here. Not squishy. That's a whole godamn point of

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<v Speaker 2>a shell. They're squishless. Also, now, the way that some

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<v Speaker 2>shells are perfectly coiled is because of math and because

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<v Speaker 2>lopsided protein production when building their shells causes them to

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<v Speaker 2>coil up. When one side of something is shorter than

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<v Speaker 2>the other, it tends to twist and turn like that.

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<v Speaker 2>But back to the shell fossil record.

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<v Speaker 6>So they can tell you a lot about trends in

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<v Speaker 6>evolution and rates of change and things like that because

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<v Speaker 6>there are lots of them, where it's harder to do

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<v Speaker 6>that with say, dinosaurs, because they're although they're much more

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<v Speaker 6>charismatic in people's minds, right, and much more compelling in

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<v Speaker 6>as skeletons there, they can be somewhat data poor in

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<v Speaker 6>giving you lots of there'sn't that many of them, so

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<v Speaker 6>the data points are fewer, whereas snails you have, and

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<v Speaker 6>clams and things you've got millions and millions of data

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<v Speaker 6>points in the fossil record.

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<v Speaker 4>Right, Everyone that lives and dies is like boop, here's michelle, yep,

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<v Speaker 4>have a look at it later.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm gonna go die but find now did you love

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<v Speaker 2>snails and slugs.

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<v Speaker 3>As a kid? I liked intertitle.

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<v Speaker 6>I like tidepools as a kid, so I spent a

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<v Speaker 6>lot of time in tidepools invertebrates. So I could just

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<v Speaker 6>sit in a tide pool and that was what I

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<v Speaker 6>was interested in, and I just stayed interested in that.

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<v Speaker 3>So you did not grow up in like Nebraska.

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<v Speaker 6>No, I grew up in New Jersey. But no, not really.

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<v Speaker 6>They have the shore shot.

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<v Speaker 4>But okay, sorry, let's get to snails now. So let's

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<v Speaker 4>get to the most obvious question. And one million patrons

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<v Speaker 4>asked us questions. I'm just going to condense it to

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<v Speaker 4>my one of my first what is the difference between

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<v Speaker 4>a snail and a slug? What is the difference a

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<v Speaker 4>snail and a slug? Clearly went as a shell. They're

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<v Speaker 4>both gastropods, that's right, which means that they have a

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<v Speaker 4>foot on their stomach. Right in Latin, they're belly footers

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<v Speaker 4>kind of right.

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<v Speaker 6>Yeah, yes, I mean that's that's what the term means.

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<v Speaker 6>What's the difference between snails and slugs?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 6>I know that seems like an obvious question, a good question,

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<v Speaker 6>So I get asked that question a lot, and people

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<v Speaker 6>often think or I've encountered people who thought that slugs

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<v Speaker 6>are just snails that have kind of cast off their shell,

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<v Speaker 6>like I'm done with this shell and now I'll be

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<v Speaker 6>a slug, so.

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<v Speaker 3>Like it's a goth face. That's not how it works.

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<v Speaker 4>So I'm so sorry for the screaming. That just totally

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<v Speaker 4>that threw me because it's so cute. But I love

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<v Speaker 4>the idea that slugs maybe go through like a breakup

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<v Speaker 4>and then just dish their shells like people cut bangs

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<v Speaker 4>they have.

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<v Speaker 6>So I've explained that that snails and slugs are both,

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<v Speaker 6>like you said, gastropods, but there's lineages multiple places, multiple times.

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<v Speaker 6>A slug is just the name for a snail whose

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<v Speaker 6>shell is either absent or so small that the snail

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<v Speaker 6>cannot retract into it fully. So there are things called

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<v Speaker 6>semi slugs that have like little almost like the stigial shells,

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<v Speaker 6>like this little dinky shell on it that it can't

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<v Speaker 6>do anything with.

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<v Speaker 2>I like to picture this type of shell as a tiny,

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<v Speaker 2>non functional hat, like one worn at a steampunk Edwardian ball,

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<v Speaker 2>or like a Jean Paul Gotier runway show or a

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<v Speaker 2>royal wedding, and it turns out that tiny nonfunctional hats

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<v Speaker 2>have a name. They're literally called fascinators, which, by the bye,

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<v Speaker 2>comes from the Latin word for to cast a spell on,

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<v Speaker 2>which comes from an earlier word for a dick shaped

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<v Speaker 2>amulet worn to do witchcraft. So semi slugs just slugging

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<v Speaker 2>around in bewitching tiny hats, like what's this. Oh yes,

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<v Speaker 2>evolutionary biology is my milner and this took several million

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<v Speaker 2>years to kraft.

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<v Speaker 3>It's just still there.

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<v Speaker 6>Others have an internal shell which is like a little

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<v Speaker 6>disc that sometimes you can even see when you're looking

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<v Speaker 6>down at a sort of semi translucent slug, which we

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<v Speaker 6>have in Los Angeles from Europe, you can see like

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<v Speaker 6>a little disc sort of in the middle of its body,

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<v Speaker 6>and that's its tiny little remnant shell. So snails and

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<v Speaker 6>slugs are both gastropods. Snails obviously what we usually call

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<v Speaker 6>snails have shells. Slugs have a remnant shell or have

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<v Speaker 6>completely lost their shell, but they can't regain it like

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<v Speaker 6>during their life, and they have.

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<v Speaker 3>Never lost it during their life. They were born that way.

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<v Speaker 4>And so are slugs more evolved in some ways than

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<v Speaker 4>snails because they over generations and generations are like I

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<v Speaker 4>don't even need the shell, right.

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<v Speaker 6>No, I'd say that not more evolved, just differently evolved.

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<v Speaker 6>I mean, it's hard to say more or less, right

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<v Speaker 6>because everything is always evolving, like every lineage is always evolving.

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<v Speaker 6>Some gas dropods have extremely elaborate denticals or you could

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<v Speaker 6>call them teeth that are at the margin of their aperture,

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<v Speaker 6>so the opening of the shell, which makes their bodies

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<v Speaker 6>able to get out but very difficult for other things

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<v Speaker 6>to get in.

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<v Speaker 4>So next time you see those insane tire knife strips

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<v Speaker 4>near like the exit of a rental car place, just

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<v Speaker 4>think a snail is that hardcore?

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<v Speaker 3>They will shred you.

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<v Speaker 6>And some one might argue that that is a highly

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<v Speaker 6>evolved trait that is an anti predator trait or series

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<v Speaker 6>of And slugs will evolve toxins on their body that

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<v Speaker 6>make them unpalatable, right because if you imagine a slug

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<v Speaker 6>has nothing.

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<v Speaker 3>To it's just slugging along.

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<v Speaker 6>And it's just clearly something that something could just eat. Right,

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<v Speaker 6>But like a banana slug for example, since we're in California,

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<v Speaker 6>like banana slugs have all kinds of compounds on their

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<v Speaker 6>bodies and that has all sorts of chemicals in it

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<v Speaker 6>that make them highly unpalatable to predators.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, slugs turning birds everywhere into feathery Gordon Ramses.

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<v Speaker 3>Jesus sauce is hideous.

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<v Speaker 5>That is fucking disgusting.

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<v Speaker 3>That's why they can do slime around without anything eating them.

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<v Speaker 3>They can slim around. I love that that's a verb.

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<v Speaker 4>And I imagine also that might have that yellow color

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<v Speaker 4>might be a warning sign you.

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<v Speaker 6>Might, yeah, I mean some of them are brown, so

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<v Speaker 6>it seems like some of them are using color for camouflage.

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<v Speaker 6>But some of them are bright, which yeah, might be

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<v Speaker 6>like in colorations and don't eat me.

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<v Speaker 3>I'm disgusting.

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<v Speaker 6>But there are people who who have their whole research

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<v Speaker 6>program is banana slugs because they're really weird and fascinating.

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<v Speaker 2>So side note, I got thirsty for some weird banana

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<v Speaker 2>slug facts, like maybe they like the sound of whistling,

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<v Speaker 2>or they're all sagittariuses. But what did I find? That

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<v Speaker 2>Their scientific name means big penis, and their members can

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<v Speaker 2>be the length of their entire body, sprouting from their heads,

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<v Speaker 2>and they can jump off another's penis. Like okay, you cool,

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<v Speaker 2>You done with that? So boy, howdy this really whoa

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<v Speaker 2>This convo was about to take a turn.

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<v Speaker 3>I can tell you the weirdest thing about slugs in general.

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<v Speaker 6>They have highly, highly elaborate reproductive morphology. That was one

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<v Speaker 6>of my first questions, which which is I mean to

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<v Speaker 6>be like very specific about that they have giant, elaborate penises.

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<v Speaker 4>I mean, that's what they've got. One of my first questions.

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<v Speaker 4>My first question is why why why snails? My second

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<v Speaker 4>question is love making all smells and slugs terrestrial. Almost

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<v Speaker 4>all the very vast majority I have both reproductive male

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<v Speaker 4>and female reproductive parts, so we call that hermaphroditic.

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<v Speaker 3>And they.

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<v Speaker 6>When they mate, they simul usually will simultaneously impregnate each other,

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<v Speaker 6>which means that they're giant penises or however, not always giant,

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<v Speaker 6>but they can have very elaborate reproductive systems, specifically penises to.

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<v Speaker 3>Sort of get the job done.

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<v Speaker 6>And then they both leave that mating encounter and go

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<v Speaker 6>off and lay eggs fertilized eggs. So it's a very

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<v Speaker 6>efficient system. Right, you don't have one sex that cannot

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<v Speaker 6>lay eggs. Both sexes can do both things. It's very

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<v Speaker 6>efficient and for a lot of reasons they've evolved these

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<v Speaker 6>like very elaborate reproductive. I mean it's even called courtship.

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<v Speaker 6>Like they'll different species will follow each other. They're around

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<v Speaker 6>in very stereotypical ways and like touch each other and then.

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<v Speaker 3>Like slime around each other.

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<v Speaker 6>Yeah, and this is something that is somewhat new to

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<v Speaker 6>me because I did. It's not what I originally studied,

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00:21:14.279 --> 00:21:17.720
<v Speaker 6>but I've become I have studied it since working here.

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<v Speaker 3>It's fascinating and strange and wonderful.

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00:21:20.240 --> 00:21:24.079
<v Speaker 6>And if you wanted to find the best video ever,

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00:21:24.519 --> 00:21:28.200
<v Speaker 6>if there can be such a thing. David Attenborough narrating

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00:21:29.039 --> 00:21:35.119
<v Speaker 6>leopard slug. Leopard slug sex Climax maximus ONEX maximus is

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<v Speaker 6>this species.

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<v Speaker 4>It's called a leopard slug, more like Climax maximus.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, I was looking all this up in a

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<v Speaker 2>Chicago coffee shop this week and I had to like

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<v Speaker 2>ankle my laptop screen because technically I was watching slug

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<v Speaker 2>porn in public. And I won't lie. It was very sensual.

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<v Speaker 3>Here's how it works.

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<v Speaker 2>So one slug is DTF and leaves a saucy little

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<v Speaker 2>tray of pheromones, and another slug smells it and is like, hey, what.

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<v Speaker 5>Up you be the pursuer to confirm that it's there

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<v Speaker 5>and ready to mate. Gives the pursued a nibble.

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<v Speaker 2>The pair climbs a tree and then they wrap themselves

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<v Speaker 2>around each other and they descend on a cord of

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<v Speaker 2>thick slime. They kind of drop down and hang like

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<v Speaker 2>a Moroccan lantern at a Bohemian styled Airbnb.

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<v Speaker 6>Yes, they'll sort of intertwine themselves and make sticky and

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<v Speaker 6>then slide down a string from a tree and wind

423
00:22:36.039 --> 00:22:40.559
<v Speaker 6>themselves around each other and then extend their giant penises

424
00:22:41.079 --> 00:22:45.079
<v Speaker 6>that intertwine with each other and are blue and translucent,

425
00:22:45.680 --> 00:22:46.880
<v Speaker 6>and it is wild.

426
00:22:47.960 --> 00:23:00.160
<v Speaker 5>They fan out to form a translucent flower like globe.

427
00:23:01.240 --> 00:23:05.519
<v Speaker 5>And now I've lost sperm prosses from one slug to

428
00:23:05.559 --> 00:23:05.960
<v Speaker 5>the other.

429
00:23:07.440 --> 00:23:10.799
<v Speaker 6>And David Attenborough does a very David Attenborough job of

430
00:23:12.000 --> 00:23:15.559
<v Speaker 6>describing this incredible phenomenon with.

431
00:23:15.519 --> 00:23:17.079
<v Speaker 3>Like warm objectivity.

432
00:23:17.200 --> 00:23:19.680
<v Speaker 4>Yes, yes, sounds like if you went to an electric

433
00:23:19.759 --> 00:23:22.720
<v Speaker 4>daisy carnival and you had a really wickedly slash.

434
00:23:22.559 --> 00:23:26.799
<v Speaker 6>Blue penises and yep, yeah, they're uh yeah, they do

435
00:23:26.839 --> 00:23:27.799
<v Speaker 6>all sorts of weird stuff.

436
00:23:27.839 --> 00:23:29.880
<v Speaker 3>Why do they have such monster donks?

437
00:23:31.960 --> 00:23:36.160
<v Speaker 6>Well, there is there's probably a better answer than I

438
00:23:36.240 --> 00:23:39.200
<v Speaker 6>can give. But the answer that I can give, which

439
00:23:39.240 --> 00:23:41.880
<v Speaker 6>sort of partially answers that question, is that species differences

440
00:23:41.880 --> 00:23:44.960
<v Speaker 6>are what your your reproductive parts look like.

441
00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:46.680
<v Speaker 3>Which are on the inside most of the time.

442
00:23:47.000 --> 00:23:51.759
<v Speaker 6>So when there's reproductive isolation, so when one group becomes isolated,

443
00:23:51.799 --> 00:23:54.640
<v Speaker 6>and then over time they accumulate differences that then make

444
00:23:54.680 --> 00:23:56.480
<v Speaker 6>them different enough so that if they were to ever

445
00:23:56.599 --> 00:23:58.799
<v Speaker 6>encounter that other species, they wouldn't be able to mate.

446
00:23:59.160 --> 00:24:06.079
<v Speaker 6>They'refore whatever reason, their reproductive morphology evolves quickly, relatively quickly,

447
00:24:06.119 --> 00:24:07.880
<v Speaker 6>more quickly than their.

448
00:24:07.799 --> 00:24:09.680
<v Speaker 3>Body structure on the surface.

449
00:24:09.720 --> 00:24:12.000
<v Speaker 6>If you look at what looks like one species, right,

450
00:24:12.039 --> 00:24:14.559
<v Speaker 6>it's a black slug with an orange foot, all right,

451
00:24:15.039 --> 00:24:19.079
<v Speaker 6>that it can look that way, and there can be

452
00:24:19.119 --> 00:24:22.319
<v Speaker 6>a whole bunch of species that look the same way,

453
00:24:22.400 --> 00:24:26.200
<v Speaker 6>but inside the reproductive morphology or their penis morphology is

454
00:24:26.279 --> 00:24:28.680
<v Speaker 6>very different. So that means that they are now reproductively

455
00:24:28.720 --> 00:24:31.519
<v Speaker 6>isolated from each other. That keeps them reproductively isolated or

456
00:24:31.599 --> 00:24:35.279
<v Speaker 6>as one distinct species from these other species. That makes sense,

457
00:24:35.359 --> 00:24:38.319
<v Speaker 6>doesn't exactly answer your question, doesn't exactly answer why.

458
00:24:38.880 --> 00:24:42.640
<v Speaker 2>So slugs tiny shell or no shell, but big dick

459
00:24:42.799 --> 00:24:45.759
<v Speaker 2>energy for days, probably because they don't have the expense

460
00:24:45.799 --> 00:24:46.519
<v Speaker 2>of making a shell.

461
00:24:47.039 --> 00:24:50.279
<v Speaker 4>I really don't know. And now let's talk a little

462
00:24:50.279 --> 00:24:54.200
<v Speaker 4>bit about anyone can get pregnant, that it's just knocked up,

463
00:24:54.240 --> 00:24:54.839
<v Speaker 4>free for all.

464
00:24:55.559 --> 00:24:59.119
<v Speaker 3>Why don't we have that in other species? Please? Huh? Yeah?

465
00:24:59.279 --> 00:25:01.119
<v Speaker 6>One to answer the the first part, why are more

466
00:25:01.240 --> 00:25:06.200
<v Speaker 6>organisms not hermaphroditic or have both male and female reproductive parts.

467
00:25:06.960 --> 00:25:08.240
<v Speaker 3>Part of it is that.

468
00:25:08.319 --> 00:25:13.039
<v Speaker 6>There is an advantage, but a bigger disadvantage to self fertilize.

469
00:25:13.359 --> 00:25:17.680
<v Speaker 6>So sometimes if you have both parts, you can fertilize yourself.

470
00:25:17.759 --> 00:25:20.160
<v Speaker 3>Oh my god, that's so narcissistic, right, So.

471
00:25:20.119 --> 00:25:23.880
<v Speaker 6>Then you can make you can make offspring that you are.

472
00:25:24.799 --> 00:25:26.039
<v Speaker 3>You are both a mother and the father.

473
00:25:26.119 --> 00:25:31.880
<v Speaker 6>They're not clones, but they are your offspring with no partner, right,

474
00:25:32.400 --> 00:25:37.279
<v Speaker 6>So that can be problematic because you don't get variations.

475
00:25:37.319 --> 00:25:43.400
<v Speaker 6>The scientific consensus generally is that if you are self fertilizing,

476
00:25:44.039 --> 00:25:47.799
<v Speaker 6>that's not a great system in the long run for

477
00:25:47.880 --> 00:25:51.640
<v Speaker 6>genetic diversity, and when environments change, you always need genetic diversity,

478
00:25:51.640 --> 00:25:54.400
<v Speaker 6>otherwise your lineage will just go extinct. The more genetically

479
00:25:54.440 --> 00:25:57.640
<v Speaker 6>diverse all not in all situations, but yeah, in most

480
00:25:57.880 --> 00:26:00.880
<v Speaker 6>the more genetically diverse you are as a population within

481
00:26:00.920 --> 00:26:05.880
<v Speaker 6>a species, the better you are essentially equipped to handle

482
00:26:06.000 --> 00:26:09.880
<v Speaker 6>environmental change. Right, So if things change some individuals, your

483
00:26:09.920 --> 00:26:12.400
<v Speaker 6>environment changes, some individuals in that group will be able to.

484
00:26:12.359 --> 00:26:14.960
<v Speaker 3>Survive and then have offspring. Right, So that's usually a

485
00:26:14.960 --> 00:26:15.279
<v Speaker 3>good thing.

486
00:26:15.519 --> 00:26:21.119
<v Speaker 2>So diversity helps make populations stronger. If certain political powers

487
00:26:21.160 --> 00:26:25.000
<v Speaker 2>were as intelligent as slugs, they could comprehend this.

488
00:26:25.480 --> 00:26:27.920
<v Speaker 3>And why not more hermaphroditic.

489
00:26:28.400 --> 00:26:31.839
<v Speaker 6>It's just possible that it didn't evolve in some groups,

490
00:26:32.480 --> 00:26:36.039
<v Speaker 6>and the groups that it did evolve in, sometimes it continues.

491
00:26:36.200 --> 00:26:42.559
<v Speaker 6>It seems like sometimes hermaphroditic reproductive systems continue to be

492
00:26:43.640 --> 00:26:47.400
<v Speaker 6>how that system evolves or that species evolves. But anytime

493
00:26:47.480 --> 00:26:51.880
<v Speaker 6>you have any mutation that changes that knocks out either

494
00:26:51.960 --> 00:26:54.519
<v Speaker 6>them female or male reproductive system.

495
00:26:54.559 --> 00:26:55.400
<v Speaker 3>Then you have one.

496
00:26:55.799 --> 00:26:58.720
<v Speaker 6>And then that could be after that you're on the

497
00:26:58.799 --> 00:27:02.119
<v Speaker 6>road to separate sexes. Could be that having separate sexes

498
00:27:02.799 --> 00:27:06.839
<v Speaker 6>is good. It's possible that you get more variation when

499
00:27:06.880 --> 00:27:11.440
<v Speaker 6>you have males, possibly, and that's usually one of the

500
00:27:11.440 --> 00:27:16.720
<v Speaker 6>the sort of the go to explanations that males are like.

501
00:27:17.119 --> 00:27:20.640
<v Speaker 6>I give a lecture in an evolutionary biology course that

502
00:27:20.720 --> 00:27:24.680
<v Speaker 6>is called why males.

503
00:27:23.759 --> 00:27:26.119
<v Speaker 3>And that's for the purposes of the course.

504
00:27:27.160 --> 00:27:30.079
<v Speaker 6>The reason we have that lecture is because why would

505
00:27:30.160 --> 00:27:32.599
<v Speaker 6>you ever have a sex that does not have eggs?

506
00:27:32.920 --> 00:27:33.519
<v Speaker 3>Do you know what I mean?

507
00:27:33.519 --> 00:27:36.359
<v Speaker 6>From an evolutionary perspective, why would you ever have a

508
00:27:36.400 --> 00:27:37.759
<v Speaker 6>sex that can't lay eggs?

509
00:27:37.839 --> 00:27:43.000
<v Speaker 3>No, that's buddy, that it's like males. What's the point, right, So.

510
00:27:43.079 --> 00:27:46.079
<v Speaker 6>We need someone to explain, right, Yeah, so from an

511
00:27:46.079 --> 00:27:50.759
<v Speaker 6>evolutionary perspective, they're the reason that the answer is that

512
00:27:50.839 --> 00:27:56.519
<v Speaker 6>males provide genetic differentiation. They provide variation to the population,

513
00:27:56.839 --> 00:27:59.559
<v Speaker 6>whereas females do too. But having males just be males,

514
00:27:59.559 --> 00:28:03.640
<v Speaker 6>there's also of than dynamics that can happen if you

515
00:28:03.720 --> 00:28:07.680
<v Speaker 6>have males that don't males as males, which by definition

516
00:28:07.799 --> 00:28:10.400
<v Speaker 6>cannot procreate with eggs.

517
00:28:10.680 --> 00:28:15.079
<v Speaker 4>I mean, I guess males are just like a genetic storehouse. Yeah,

518
00:28:15.400 --> 00:28:18.759
<v Speaker 4>like a gammyt confetti gun. Yeah, you know, just get

519
00:28:18.759 --> 00:28:20.759
<v Speaker 4>it out there.

520
00:28:22.200 --> 00:28:24.880
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, that's I mean, that's one way to think of it. Yeah.

521
00:28:25.240 --> 00:28:29.920
<v Speaker 3>And meanwhile, here we are toiling internally like I made.

522
00:28:29.759 --> 00:28:32.680
<v Speaker 6>One baby, Yes, I mean that, yeah, and that's a

523
00:28:32.680 --> 00:28:34.480
<v Speaker 6>whole Yeah, that's a very interesting.

524
00:28:36.160 --> 00:28:39.519
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, that's very interesting. They're like males and the number.

525
00:28:39.279 --> 00:28:41.079
<v Speaker 6>Of offspring a male can have versus a female, which

526
00:28:41.119 --> 00:28:43.599
<v Speaker 6>is totally different if you're hermaphroditic, right, which is totally

527
00:28:43.599 --> 00:28:47.759
<v Speaker 6>different yep, because it's much more egalitarian sort of by definition,

528
00:28:47.759 --> 00:28:50.799
<v Speaker 6>if you're hermaphroditic and you're a slug. Because there is

529
00:28:50.880 --> 00:28:54.400
<v Speaker 6>no light, there are no separate sexes. Everybody's everybody's reproductively

530
00:28:54.400 --> 00:28:54.759
<v Speaker 6>the same.

531
00:28:55.480 --> 00:28:58.000
<v Speaker 3>It sounds like socialism is the best form.

532
00:28:58.839 --> 00:29:01.599
<v Speaker 2>Now, let's bone up on detail about the gas lighty

533
00:29:01.720 --> 00:29:03.839
<v Speaker 2>romance of snail love making.

534
00:29:04.480 --> 00:29:10.079
<v Speaker 6>One is in land snails, and they have these structures.

535
00:29:10.079 --> 00:29:11.920
<v Speaker 6>Not all land snails have them, but the ones that

536
00:29:12.079 --> 00:29:16.359
<v Speaker 6>do have structures called love darts. Have you heard about this?

537
00:29:16.559 --> 00:29:16.640
<v Speaker 1>No?

538
00:29:17.200 --> 00:29:20.400
<v Speaker 6>Okay, So our common European garden snail, which is I

539
00:29:20.480 --> 00:29:22.599
<v Speaker 6>call it the wet sidewalk snail. Like if it rains,

540
00:29:22.599 --> 00:29:26.960
<v Speaker 6>when it rains in Los Angeles on a sidewalk, you'll

541
00:29:26.960 --> 00:29:30.599
<v Speaker 6>see a snail and it's probably ninety nine percent of

542
00:29:30.640 --> 00:29:33.680
<v Speaker 6>the time. If you live in urban suburban parts of

543
00:29:33.680 --> 00:29:36.039
<v Speaker 6>Los Angeles or southern California, it'll be this snail. It's

544
00:29:36.039 --> 00:29:40.359
<v Speaker 6>a European snail. It just like a brown brownish light brown,

545
00:29:40.440 --> 00:29:43.720
<v Speaker 6>dark brown, modeled sort of shell. It just looks very

546
00:29:43.759 --> 00:29:45.400
<v Speaker 6>like boring. It just looks like a snail.

547
00:29:45.519 --> 00:29:47.119
<v Speaker 3>And it's a helix. What is it?

548
00:29:47.119 --> 00:29:49.680
<v Speaker 6>It's right, it used to be helix aspersa. Now it's

549
00:29:49.720 --> 00:29:52.960
<v Speaker 6>corner with spursa. They changed the genus.

550
00:29:52.680 --> 00:29:56.440
<v Speaker 3>Name a while ago. Really, yeah, but that's not uncommon. Okay, Yes,

551
00:29:56.480 --> 00:29:57.039
<v Speaker 3>that's the snail.

552
00:29:57.319 --> 00:30:04.440
<v Speaker 6>So that snail and others when as they're mating, they

553
00:30:04.519 --> 00:30:11.759
<v Speaker 6>can deploy a dart and it's it's a calcareous or kiteness,

554
00:30:12.759 --> 00:30:16.319
<v Speaker 6>like if you imagine a corneous person of common European

555
00:30:16.319 --> 00:30:19.519
<v Speaker 6>garden snails about the size of like a half dollar,

556
00:30:19.640 --> 00:30:22.039
<v Speaker 6>like a like one and a half times the size

557
00:30:22.039 --> 00:30:23.200
<v Speaker 6>of a quarter in size.

558
00:30:23.480 --> 00:30:24.519
<v Speaker 3>It's shooting a dart.

559
00:30:24.559 --> 00:30:30.039
<v Speaker 6>The dart is probably like the length of your middle

560
00:30:30.039 --> 00:30:33.359
<v Speaker 6>finger nail. Okay, So it's it's not inc it's not microscopic.

561
00:30:33.400 --> 00:30:36.160
<v Speaker 6>It's a macroscopic. And they'll shoot that at each other,

562
00:30:37.319 --> 00:30:39.880
<v Speaker 6>sometimes to the detriment of the other snail and sometimes

563
00:30:39.960 --> 00:30:42.200
<v Speaker 6>killing the other snail, which it's not that's not the

564
00:30:42.200 --> 00:30:44.839
<v Speaker 6>intent of it. But what it does is it it

565
00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:48.799
<v Speaker 6>influences the body. I think hormonally, so I think it's

566
00:30:48.839 --> 00:30:53.000
<v Speaker 6>this dart that's got a lot of hormone laden around it,

567
00:30:53.359 --> 00:30:57.720
<v Speaker 6>and it influences the the receiving snail, the snail that

568
00:30:57.759 --> 00:31:02.559
<v Speaker 6>gets the dart to impregnate its eggs with the sperm

569
00:31:02.720 --> 00:31:06.839
<v Speaker 6>using the sperm of or fertilize its eggs using the

570
00:31:06.880 --> 00:31:09.559
<v Speaker 6>sperm of the dart giving individual.

571
00:31:09.839 --> 00:31:12.799
<v Speaker 2>So, for obvious reasons, many scholars believe that the lore

572
00:31:13.039 --> 00:31:17.279
<v Speaker 2>of matchmaking Cupid was based on these very love darts

573
00:31:17.359 --> 00:31:20.519
<v Speaker 2>of our horny snail friends. So the individual that gets

574
00:31:20.559 --> 00:31:23.079
<v Speaker 2>the dart is more likely to digest in its body

575
00:31:23.160 --> 00:31:26.880
<v Speaker 2>any leftover sperm it had from a recent boning. Now,

576
00:31:26.920 --> 00:31:29.680
<v Speaker 2>can you imagine if Cupid had stayed like a little

577
00:31:29.680 --> 00:31:32.359
<v Speaker 2>more true to form, and instead of being a silky

578
00:31:32.440 --> 00:31:36.480
<v Speaker 2>skinned human infant, was actually a snail just somehow using

579
00:31:36.480 --> 00:31:40.960
<v Speaker 2>its big slickfoot to perform some really well intentioned, endearingly

580
00:31:41.240 --> 00:31:42.640
<v Speaker 2>cock blocky archery.

581
00:31:43.359 --> 00:31:45.279
<v Speaker 3>So the dart is like a dib's.

582
00:31:45.599 --> 00:31:48.279
<v Speaker 4>Like it's almost like an aphrodisiac where they're like, I

583
00:31:48.319 --> 00:31:50.279
<v Speaker 4>don't care about all the others, that's right, sperm, I god,

584
00:31:50.319 --> 00:31:51.200
<v Speaker 4>this is the one I'm into.

585
00:31:51.279 --> 00:31:54.759
<v Speaker 3>That's right. It's like a DIBs. It's like soulmates, like

586
00:31:54.839 --> 00:31:58.319
<v Speaker 3>a soulmate arrow. Yeah, so it's called a love dart.

587
00:31:58.400 --> 00:32:03.039
<v Speaker 6>I mean it's kind of an named Yeah themerroology.

588
00:32:03.359 --> 00:32:05.759
<v Speaker 3>Is there oxytocin a play or does that even happen?

589
00:32:05.880 --> 00:32:07.759
<v Speaker 3>I don't know. It's a hormone.

590
00:32:07.839 --> 00:32:11.000
<v Speaker 6>I don't know what hormones though, and someone does someone

591
00:32:11.039 --> 00:32:12.119
<v Speaker 6>knows about snail hormones.

592
00:32:12.160 --> 00:32:12.480
<v Speaker 3>I do not.

593
00:32:13.200 --> 00:32:17.559
<v Speaker 2>So apparently the slick goo covering this little love spear

594
00:32:17.920 --> 00:32:20.920
<v Speaker 2>has an allo hormone, which is a substance that causes

595
00:32:20.960 --> 00:32:25.759
<v Speaker 2>the female reproductive organs to not digest the dart tosser's

596
00:32:25.839 --> 00:32:29.720
<v Speaker 2>sperm and to also keep the reproductive track open. So

597
00:32:29.839 --> 00:32:34.000
<v Speaker 2>it's essentially like a stabby message meant to convey, Hey,

598
00:32:34.119 --> 00:32:36.319
<v Speaker 2>I'm gonna be your baby's dad in a minute. Let's

599
00:32:36.319 --> 00:32:37.000
<v Speaker 2>put a pin in this.

600
00:32:37.440 --> 00:32:41.559
<v Speaker 6>In terrestrial snails, slugs don't seem to do that as

601
00:32:41.599 --> 00:32:43.799
<v Speaker 6>far as I know. Snails a bunch of snails and

602
00:32:43.839 --> 00:32:46.880
<v Speaker 6>the helicids, the helicid.

603
00:32:46.359 --> 00:32:47.279
<v Speaker 3>Snails will do it.

604
00:32:47.400 --> 00:32:52.519
<v Speaker 6>And in sea slugs there are a bunch of different

605
00:32:52.599 --> 00:32:55.920
<v Speaker 6>species I know of in the Saccaglossa, which are there

606
00:32:56.000 --> 00:32:57.559
<v Speaker 6>the sap sucking slugs.

607
00:32:57.559 --> 00:33:00.160
<v Speaker 3>There's sea slugs that some of them.

608
00:33:00.160 --> 00:33:02.799
<v Speaker 6>Can incorporate chloroplasts from the algae that they eat and

609
00:33:02.839 --> 00:33:05.680
<v Speaker 6>put it in their body where it continues to photosynthesize.

610
00:33:06.200 --> 00:33:08.839
<v Speaker 6>That makes them one of the well, if not the

611
00:33:08.880 --> 00:33:10.599
<v Speaker 6>only photosynthetic animal.

612
00:33:10.680 --> 00:33:10.839
<v Speaker 3>Right.

613
00:33:10.880 --> 00:33:13.519
<v Speaker 6>It's not indogenous, right, it's not that they are. They've

614
00:33:13.559 --> 00:33:17.000
<v Speaker 6>evolved photosynthesis, but they can use something that's photosynthetic. They're

615
00:33:17.000 --> 00:33:20.960
<v Speaker 6>taking a chloroplast, right, the photosynthetic machinery of an alga,

616
00:33:21.319 --> 00:33:24.319
<v Speaker 6>and taking just that organelle and putting it in their body,

617
00:33:24.720 --> 00:33:25.680
<v Speaker 6>which is really wild.

618
00:33:25.839 --> 00:33:29.359
<v Speaker 3>That's resourceful as well. Yeah, right, so they can.

619
00:33:29.480 --> 00:33:32.480
<v Speaker 6>Some of those species and other ones related to them

620
00:33:32.519 --> 00:33:35.960
<v Speaker 6>that don't necessarily have the ability to what's called kleptoplasty,

621
00:33:36.000 --> 00:33:37.440
<v Speaker 6>they can't grab chloroplasts and.

622
00:33:37.440 --> 00:33:41.839
<v Speaker 2>Keep them kleptoplasty. I will never not relate these sea

623
00:33:41.880 --> 00:33:45.400
<v Speaker 2>slugs to shoplifters tucking chloropast organelles into their pants.

624
00:33:45.799 --> 00:33:48.799
<v Speaker 6>But in that group sack of glossa they can. They

625
00:33:48.799 --> 00:33:51.720
<v Speaker 6>have a penis with a little barb on it, like

626
00:33:51.759 --> 00:33:55.640
<v Speaker 6>a little it's called a stylet, like a little sword

627
00:33:55.839 --> 00:34:00.279
<v Speaker 6>ending and they can go around and they're a homaphroditic, right,

628
00:34:00.359 --> 00:34:04.359
<v Speaker 6>So anyone who's acting as a male at that moment,

629
00:34:04.480 --> 00:34:08.239
<v Speaker 6>which is anything anytime you use your penis, you can.

630
00:34:08.559 --> 00:34:10.159
<v Speaker 3>Poke or stab.

631
00:34:10.440 --> 00:34:15.440
<v Speaker 6>You can stab a potential partner and inseminate them that way.

632
00:34:15.519 --> 00:34:18.840
<v Speaker 6>So it's called hypodermic insemination. Oh my god, which is

633
00:34:18.840 --> 00:34:22.239
<v Speaker 6>exactly what it sounds like. But every individual is able

634
00:34:22.480 --> 00:34:26.440
<v Speaker 6>to do that hypodermic hypodermic because it's like a like

635
00:34:26.480 --> 00:34:27.559
<v Speaker 6>hypodermic insemination.

636
00:34:27.719 --> 00:34:29.960
<v Speaker 3>That's like a whole new play on needle dick inside.

637
00:34:30.119 --> 00:34:33.840
<v Speaker 4>Because you're like, no for real though, oh my god,

638
00:34:34.280 --> 00:34:37.159
<v Speaker 4>so are you ever at cocktail parties and someone's like, hey,

639
00:34:37.280 --> 00:34:39.880
<v Speaker 4>jan this conversations more, get over here.

640
00:34:40.679 --> 00:34:44.599
<v Speaker 6>I have two little kids, so I'm rarely at cocktail parties.

641
00:34:44.840 --> 00:34:48.800
<v Speaker 6>But my postdoc advisor has been at cocktail parties and

642
00:34:49.199 --> 00:34:52.960
<v Speaker 6>started telling the hypodermic insemination story, which, as you might imagine,

643
00:34:53.000 --> 00:34:54.880
<v Speaker 6>really gets a lot of interest.

644
00:34:55.679 --> 00:34:59.559
<v Speaker 2>Okay, moving on from slug dicks. So many people have

645
00:34:59.599 --> 00:35:03.000
<v Speaker 2>this question. Can you give me, in a nutshell the

646
00:35:03.119 --> 00:35:06.119
<v Speaker 2>difference between terrestrial and aquatic snails and slugs?

647
00:35:06.199 --> 00:35:08.039
<v Speaker 3>What's the deal? Why can some of them hang out?

648
00:35:08.159 --> 00:35:12.360
<v Speaker 6>Sure? Yeah, right, So terrestrial means lives on land, and

649
00:35:12.400 --> 00:35:17.400
<v Speaker 6>obviously aquatic means lives in freshwater or if it's the ocean,

650
00:35:17.400 --> 00:35:19.800
<v Speaker 6>we would normally call it marine. And then from the

651
00:35:19.960 --> 00:35:25.119
<v Speaker 6>marine realm, different lineages have evolved, most of them like

652
00:35:25.199 --> 00:35:28.760
<v Speaker 6>it was a big introduction once or a big evolutionary

653
00:35:28.800 --> 00:35:32.079
<v Speaker 6>innovation that one lineage evolved to be terrestrial, and then

654
00:35:32.119 --> 00:35:35.079
<v Speaker 6>once they were terrestrial, they really sort of exploded in diversity.

655
00:35:35.199 --> 00:35:38.119
<v Speaker 6>So there's a bunch of different pathways that they've taken

656
00:35:38.559 --> 00:35:42.679
<v Speaker 6>to kind of you could call it invade these different ecosystems,

657
00:35:42.960 --> 00:35:47.639
<v Speaker 6>and it's considered one of the biggest evolutionary innovations in

658
00:35:47.840 --> 00:35:51.119
<v Speaker 6>the evolution of animals is and doesn't seem like it

659
00:35:51.199 --> 00:35:54.320
<v Speaker 6>because not that many people think or talk about gastropods,

660
00:35:54.440 --> 00:35:58.199
<v Speaker 6>but gastropods evolving or snails evolving from the ocean to

661
00:35:59.320 --> 00:36:03.000
<v Speaker 6>the land is considered one of the biggest evolutionary innovations

662
00:36:03.039 --> 00:36:03.679
<v Speaker 6>in the history of.

663
00:36:03.639 --> 00:36:07.639
<v Speaker 3>Life because it's so hard to do.

664
00:36:07.800 --> 00:36:11.000
<v Speaker 6>Yeah, I mean, your whole europhysiology has to accommodate oxygen

665
00:36:11.000 --> 00:36:14.480
<v Speaker 6>instead and air instead of water, which is.

666
00:36:14.760 --> 00:36:16.239
<v Speaker 3>A big, big difference.

667
00:36:16.519 --> 00:36:19.599
<v Speaker 4>Can you imagine if it just the air just had

668
00:36:19.679 --> 00:36:22.840
<v Speaker 4>floating jellyfish in it, just like puffing.

669
00:36:22.480 --> 00:36:26.840
<v Speaker 3>By flying, and it was like nothing that jellyfishing was

670
00:36:26.880 --> 00:36:27.440
<v Speaker 3>having the face.

671
00:36:27.800 --> 00:36:31.760
<v Speaker 4>Now, what is it about terrestrial snails and slugs? Is

672
00:36:31.760 --> 00:36:34.159
<v Speaker 4>it like a byom, like bring your own mass on

673
00:36:34.280 --> 00:36:36.920
<v Speaker 4>land and then just like cover yourself in a moisturel

674
00:36:36.920 --> 00:36:37.760
<v Speaker 4>air and you're good to go.

675
00:36:38.400 --> 00:36:40.679
<v Speaker 6>That lets them start to survive when it went in

676
00:36:40.880 --> 00:36:43.039
<v Speaker 6>like arid conditions at all. So if you have a

677
00:36:43.079 --> 00:36:46.199
<v Speaker 6>shell and your marine, then you have something you can

678
00:36:46.239 --> 00:36:49.519
<v Speaker 6>pull into and keep yourself safe and from drying out.

679
00:36:49.559 --> 00:36:52.360
<v Speaker 6>So it's like it had two different functions. If the

680
00:36:52.400 --> 00:36:55.079
<v Speaker 6>first function in the marine realm or where they're living

681
00:36:55.480 --> 00:36:59.119
<v Speaker 6>in the ocean was for protection, its secondary function was

682
00:36:59.639 --> 00:37:04.320
<v Speaker 6>as as a to prevent desiccation, whether it was necessary

683
00:37:04.320 --> 00:37:06.320
<v Speaker 6>for that organism when it first evolved or not.

684
00:37:07.000 --> 00:37:08.480
<v Speaker 3>So that allowed them This is why.

685
00:37:08.280 --> 00:37:11.239
<v Speaker 6>We call it preadapt which like I said, has some

686
00:37:11.360 --> 00:37:14.559
<v Speaker 6>kind of problematic implications, but the idea is that they

687
00:37:14.559 --> 00:37:17.079
<v Speaker 6>had this trade already and that trade ended up having

688
00:37:17.800 --> 00:37:20.679
<v Speaker 6>a really important secondary function that allowed them to make

689
00:37:21.000 --> 00:37:24.639
<v Speaker 6>this big transition onto land. So if you have a shell,

690
00:37:24.840 --> 00:37:29.599
<v Speaker 6>your shell can be where you pull into and keep

691
00:37:29.599 --> 00:37:32.840
<v Speaker 6>yourself from drying out. So that's what they do. So

692
00:37:33.320 --> 00:37:35.519
<v Speaker 6>that's one of the reasons that that big evolutionary innovation

693
00:37:35.559 --> 00:37:38.000
<v Speaker 6>could happen in the first place, that makes sense. But

694
00:37:38.039 --> 00:37:41.440
<v Speaker 6>for slugs, they obviously don't have that. So you mostly

695
00:37:41.480 --> 00:37:43.760
<v Speaker 6>see slugs in wet environments, which is why you see

696
00:37:43.800 --> 00:37:48.960
<v Speaker 6>banana slugs in parts of the Greater Bay Area, because

697
00:37:49.000 --> 00:37:55.440
<v Speaker 6>you've got lots of wet, foggy redwood forests where they

698
00:37:55.440 --> 00:37:58.000
<v Speaker 6>get a lot of moisture all the time just from

699
00:37:58.039 --> 00:38:01.159
<v Speaker 6>the air, right, so you have very There are very few,

700
00:38:01.360 --> 00:38:05.920
<v Speaker 6>only probably two or three species of native slug in

701
00:38:06.000 --> 00:38:08.719
<v Speaker 6>all of southern California, and it's because it's dry, so

702
00:38:08.760 --> 00:38:10.960
<v Speaker 6>you just don't find them. You only find them in little,

703
00:38:11.000 --> 00:38:14.719
<v Speaker 6>tiny habitats that are probably refuge habitats that are still

704
00:38:15.079 --> 00:38:18.159
<v Speaker 6>wetter than on the tops of mountains, in places where

705
00:38:18.280 --> 00:38:20.159
<v Speaker 6>during the Pleistocene there used to be a lot more

706
00:38:20.199 --> 00:38:22.519
<v Speaker 6>water that they're these little relics of when it used

707
00:38:22.559 --> 00:38:23.639
<v Speaker 6>to be much wetter.

708
00:38:24.199 --> 00:38:27.880
<v Speaker 4>Now, let's debunk some flint flamb is Are there any

709
00:38:27.960 --> 00:38:29.440
<v Speaker 4>myths about snails or slugs that.

710
00:38:29.440 --> 00:38:31.880
<v Speaker 3>You're like, that is not the case, people.

711
00:38:32.079 --> 00:38:34.800
<v Speaker 6>What I don't know if i'd say now that I

712
00:38:34.840 --> 00:38:37.639
<v Speaker 6>could think of, but there used to be quite a

713
00:38:37.679 --> 00:38:43.320
<v Speaker 6>lot of snails and slugs used convergently by different native

714
00:38:43.719 --> 00:38:48.519
<v Speaker 6>peoples of different lands for medicinal purposes. So people from

715
00:38:48.559 --> 00:38:52.199
<v Speaker 6>like the Puritans, which were not native to North America,

716
00:38:52.280 --> 00:38:57.119
<v Speaker 6>but the Puritans and Native Americans in say the American West,

717
00:38:57.159 --> 00:39:02.440
<v Speaker 6>would use snails and slugs to cure things, cure like

718
00:39:03.199 --> 00:39:09.159
<v Speaker 6>sore throats or ooh problems, other problems that were probably

719
00:39:09.800 --> 00:39:11.039
<v Speaker 6>physical ailments.

720
00:39:11.239 --> 00:39:13.280
<v Speaker 2>Okay, like you got a souristic snail on it.

721
00:39:13.400 --> 00:39:16.440
<v Speaker 6>Yeah, which is interesting, and that's happened around the world,

722
00:39:16.599 --> 00:39:19.920
<v Speaker 6>and there are some there is some research now. This

723
00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:22.599
<v Speaker 6>is sort of like when folk wisdom ends up having

724
00:39:22.800 --> 00:39:25.679
<v Speaker 6>there is some truth to it, right, like ethnobotany, like

725
00:39:25.719 --> 00:39:28.199
<v Speaker 6>a lot of ethnobotany, Like what do people think plants do? Like,

726
00:39:28.239 --> 00:39:30.559
<v Speaker 6>plants are full of chemicals, so yes, they do do things,

727
00:39:30.559 --> 00:39:34.760
<v Speaker 6>and sometimes people often people have figured out how to use.

728
00:39:34.599 --> 00:39:36.599
<v Speaker 3>Plants to do things medicinally.

729
00:39:36.719 --> 00:39:41.559
<v Speaker 6>So there is some research now that slug and snail

730
00:39:41.639 --> 00:39:47.800
<v Speaker 6>slime can be healing for human skin in various ways.

731
00:39:48.000 --> 00:39:48.280
<v Speaker 3>Right.

732
00:39:49.440 --> 00:39:52.760
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, And I because that is one of the most

733
00:39:53.119 --> 00:39:59.280
<v Speaker 4>asked questions from Patreon is is snail goop really good

734
00:39:59.280 --> 00:39:59.800
<v Speaker 4>for your skin?

735
00:40:00.280 --> 00:40:04.239
<v Speaker 3>Clement Lauren Edgart Crowe kabar Lei yep.

736
00:40:04.440 --> 00:40:06.960
<v Speaker 6>So there's a lot of South Korea has a lot

737
00:40:07.079 --> 00:40:11.280
<v Speaker 6>of snail slime products, a lot of Southeast Asia has

738
00:40:11.320 --> 00:40:15.840
<v Speaker 6>a lot of snail slime products or yes for everything

739
00:40:15.880 --> 00:40:19.800
<v Speaker 6>from like curing acne scars to just general beautification.

740
00:40:20.320 --> 00:40:23.320
<v Speaker 2>So side note, A quick google opens the doors into

741
00:40:23.320 --> 00:40:27.800
<v Speaker 2>the world of gleaming slime streaks and glistening promises of

742
00:40:27.840 --> 00:40:31.159
<v Speaker 2>self repair and faded acney scars and hydrated under ibags.

743
00:40:31.320 --> 00:40:32.079
<v Speaker 3>If you're up for it.

744
00:40:32.360 --> 00:40:36.760
<v Speaker 2>There's a procedure called scar glow that involves thousands of

745
00:40:37.039 --> 00:40:40.920
<v Speaker 2>tiny needle pricks into your face, followed by snail foot

746
00:40:41.000 --> 00:40:45.280
<v Speaker 2>secretions oozed into your open wounds. It costs three hundred

747
00:40:45.280 --> 00:40:48.360
<v Speaker 2>and seventy five dollars a session, partly because we'll pay

748
00:40:48.400 --> 00:40:52.800
<v Speaker 2>for anything, apparently, and partly because the snails are meticulously

749
00:40:52.840 --> 00:40:55.719
<v Speaker 2>cared for and receive daily showers with fresh water and

750
00:40:55.760 --> 00:40:59.159
<v Speaker 2>a feast of fresh fruits and vegetables. So by the bye,

751
00:40:59.159 --> 00:41:02.400
<v Speaker 2>stay tuned for an episode on calology, which is the

752
00:41:02.480 --> 00:41:06.639
<v Speaker 2>study of human beauty standards and how they affect our psychology.

753
00:41:06.679 --> 00:41:09.400
<v Speaker 2>I just recorded it this past week in Chicago. It's fascinating,

754
00:41:09.760 --> 00:41:13.679
<v Speaker 2>it's also enraging. So more on that in a few weeks. AnyWho,

755
00:41:13.960 --> 00:41:18.199
<v Speaker 2>this snail musin may possibly be effective at hydrating.

756
00:41:18.480 --> 00:41:22.239
<v Speaker 6>But and I did spend some time looking at the

757
00:41:22.280 --> 00:41:25.800
<v Speaker 6>patents of some of these, so I am I'm not

758
00:41:25.840 --> 00:41:28.760
<v Speaker 6>a biochemist, and this is more a biochemistry question. But

759
00:41:28.800 --> 00:41:32.280
<v Speaker 6>there does seem like there is there could be some

760
00:41:32.360 --> 00:41:36.840
<v Speaker 6>benefit to putting something that is water rich on your skin, right,

761
00:41:36.920 --> 00:41:38.599
<v Speaker 6>But I don't know how that would be very different

762
00:41:38.599 --> 00:41:45.639
<v Speaker 6>than like alo or anything else that is like an emulient, right,

763
00:41:45.760 --> 00:41:47.440
<v Speaker 6>Like something that has a lot of water in it

764
00:41:47.519 --> 00:41:50.000
<v Speaker 6>or keeps water in your skin that's generally going to

765
00:41:50.039 --> 00:41:50.960
<v Speaker 6>make your skin look better.

766
00:41:52.199 --> 00:41:54.199
<v Speaker 3>So I don't really have an answer.

767
00:41:54.280 --> 00:41:59.719
<v Speaker 6>It does look like there is some promising research that

768
00:42:00.360 --> 00:42:05.960
<v Speaker 6>slug or mostly snail slime can improve your skin snake.

769
00:42:06.119 --> 00:42:08.280
<v Speaker 4>It's funny though, because we talk about snake oil. But

770
00:42:08.320 --> 00:42:11.559
<v Speaker 4>literally now if someone were like snail slime, yeah, someone

771
00:42:11.559 --> 00:42:13.079
<v Speaker 4>now would be like, well, I could see how snake

772
00:42:13.119 --> 00:42:15.559
<v Speaker 4>oil could be right, that's like it's a set mask.

773
00:42:15.920 --> 00:42:18.000
<v Speaker 4>It would be like awesome, it's part of a ten

774
00:42:18.079 --> 00:42:19.400
<v Speaker 4>step skincare system.

775
00:42:20.320 --> 00:42:22.679
<v Speaker 6>I think that the problem is, well, it's not safe

776
00:42:22.719 --> 00:42:26.119
<v Speaker 6>to just put snails on your face because they can

777
00:42:26.280 --> 00:42:27.639
<v Speaker 6>host parasites.

778
00:42:27.800 --> 00:42:29.800
<v Speaker 3>And I don't think that that.

779
00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:31.719
<v Speaker 6>I think that the ick factors a little too much

780
00:42:31.760 --> 00:42:34.000
<v Speaker 6>for most people, even if they were clean snails. So

781
00:42:34.079 --> 00:42:37.280
<v Speaker 6>that's sort of that's one thing. But then two for

782
00:42:37.480 --> 00:42:41.920
<v Speaker 6>a lot of the face masks and creams, there.

783
00:42:41.800 --> 00:42:42.119
<v Speaker 4>Is no.

784
00:42:44.239 --> 00:42:45.719
<v Speaker 6>Regulated I mean, this is the thing with like what

785
00:42:45.760 --> 00:42:49.880
<v Speaker 6>they call pharmaceuticals right there. There is no regulated amount

786
00:42:50.360 --> 00:42:53.199
<v Speaker 6>that you have to have in a product to say

787
00:42:53.239 --> 00:42:56.039
<v Speaker 6>that it is going to be effective. But they do

788
00:42:56.119 --> 00:43:00.679
<v Speaker 6>it with the snail. That is the law Los Angeles

789
00:43:00.679 --> 00:43:01.599
<v Speaker 6>wet sidewalk snail.

790
00:43:01.719 --> 00:43:02.880
<v Speaker 3>That's realal yep.

791
00:43:03.320 --> 00:43:05.400
<v Speaker 6>So the patent says, and you can look up there's

792
00:43:05.440 --> 00:43:09.760
<v Speaker 6>multiple patents. One of the patents has a very detailed

793
00:43:09.800 --> 00:43:16.159
<v Speaker 6>explanation of basically a salad spinner, and the cornuous spursum,

794
00:43:16.159 --> 00:43:18.760
<v Speaker 6>which is the species we're talking about, is given various

795
00:43:18.840 --> 00:43:22.000
<v Speaker 6>I mean, if you look on the labels of some

796
00:43:22.079 --> 00:43:24.840
<v Speaker 6>of these products, it will say all these exotic names

797
00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:30.079
<v Speaker 6>like Chilean earth snail, like black something snail like there's

798
00:43:30.239 --> 00:43:33.519
<v Speaker 6>there are nobody is really using cornuous spursum, or sometimes

799
00:43:33.519 --> 00:43:37.559
<v Speaker 6>they are, but they'll I think it maybe ups the

800
00:43:38.719 --> 00:43:41.119
<v Speaker 6>buy in of people if you call it something that

801
00:43:41.239 --> 00:43:44.920
<v Speaker 6>sounds extremely exotic, not the snail that's literally outside right

802
00:43:44.960 --> 00:43:48.880
<v Speaker 6>now eating my pumpkin patch. Like those snails are the

803
00:43:48.920 --> 00:43:51.920
<v Speaker 6>snails they're talking about. And what they did was they

804
00:43:51.960 --> 00:43:56.119
<v Speaker 6>put a bunch of them into a salad spinner and

805
00:43:56.239 --> 00:44:00.360
<v Speaker 6>the agitation caused the snails to produce a bunch of as.

806
00:44:00.239 --> 00:44:01.960
<v Speaker 3>A probably protective measure.

807
00:44:01.960 --> 00:44:04.519
<v Speaker 6>I mean, if they're in imagine that that's not something

808
00:44:04.559 --> 00:44:08.360
<v Speaker 6>that evolution is really put a big mark on for

809
00:44:08.440 --> 00:44:11.199
<v Speaker 6>snails because they're usually not being spun around, right, so

810
00:44:11.719 --> 00:44:14.320
<v Speaker 6>some but you know, to protect themselves in some way,

811
00:44:14.119 --> 00:44:17.599
<v Speaker 6>they produce a bunch of and a net is collected

812
00:44:17.760 --> 00:44:21.880
<v Speaker 6>and filtered somehow and then added to these products. And

813
00:44:21.920 --> 00:44:26.480
<v Speaker 6>then they did test it in some various number of

814
00:44:26.519 --> 00:44:29.800
<v Speaker 6>ways to see if it did seem to improve cell

815
00:44:29.880 --> 00:44:31.280
<v Speaker 6>repair and things like that.

816
00:44:31.880 --> 00:44:34.920
<v Speaker 2>So if you're looking for like a less snaily, less

817
00:44:34.960 --> 00:44:38.800
<v Speaker 2>expensive hack, check out something else with hyaluronic acid, which,

818
00:44:38.840 --> 00:44:42.800
<v Speaker 2>if you remember from the Glycobiology episode about carbs, hyaluronic

819
00:44:42.840 --> 00:44:45.239
<v Speaker 2>acid is just a sugar that can hold up to

820
00:44:45.440 --> 00:44:47.679
<v Speaker 2>a thousand times its weight in water, and there's a

821
00:44:47.719 --> 00:44:50.679
<v Speaker 2>lot of it in snail slime because they got a

822
00:44:50.719 --> 00:44:53.599
<v Speaker 2>bit of gliding to do. So this next part is crazy.

823
00:44:53.639 --> 00:44:56.679
<v Speaker 2>I didn't know this at all. So what is snail slime?

824
00:44:56.920 --> 00:44:57.760
<v Speaker 2>It's mostly water.

825
00:44:58.119 --> 00:45:02.920
<v Speaker 6>It's mostly water, and it is a One way of

826
00:45:03.000 --> 00:45:06.480
<v Speaker 6>describing it is as a liquid crystal. And this is

827
00:45:06.519 --> 00:45:11.639
<v Speaker 6>outside of my realm of expertise. But there's ways that

828
00:45:11.719 --> 00:45:17.039
<v Speaker 6>it can be sticky and fluid very quickly and move

829
00:45:17.119 --> 00:45:22.760
<v Speaker 6>from sticky fluid to semi fluid, and that the ability

830
00:45:22.800 --> 00:45:25.800
<v Speaker 6>to do that can put you in a category as

831
00:45:25.840 --> 00:45:28.119
<v Speaker 6>a biological product called a liquid crystal.

832
00:45:28.400 --> 00:45:28.840
<v Speaker 3>Ps.

833
00:45:28.960 --> 00:45:32.960
<v Speaker 2>Liquid crystal means that the molecules follow orderly patterns like

834
00:45:33.000 --> 00:45:36.719
<v Speaker 2>a solid, but it flows like a liquid. So another

835
00:45:36.760 --> 00:45:38.400
<v Speaker 2>liquid crystal soapy water?

836
00:45:38.639 --> 00:45:42.079
<v Speaker 3>Who knew me? And it just helps for mostly mobility

837
00:45:42.119 --> 00:45:43.519
<v Speaker 3>and protection. Yeah, that's right.

838
00:45:43.559 --> 00:45:45.519
<v Speaker 6>So you can as a snail or a slug, you

839
00:45:45.559 --> 00:45:51.679
<v Speaker 6>could make multiple kinds of slime for various purposes. Right,

840
00:45:51.719 --> 00:45:56.400
<v Speaker 6>so your moving slime would be different than your protection slime. Right, so,

841
00:45:56.719 --> 00:45:59.480
<v Speaker 6>the cells on your foot would make slippery slimes you

842
00:45:59.480 --> 00:46:01.840
<v Speaker 6>can move around, or very sticky slime to stick you

843
00:46:01.880 --> 00:46:05.679
<v Speaker 6>to something. And then your body, right, the dorsal part

844
00:46:05.679 --> 00:46:12.280
<v Speaker 6>of your body would make maybe chemical rich, protective, unpalatable slime.

845
00:46:12.519 --> 00:46:16.800
<v Speaker 3>It seems like risky to have essentially a trail of

846
00:46:16.800 --> 00:46:21.159
<v Speaker 3>breadcrumbs leading to your location, Like hey, yeah, here's here's

847
00:46:21.199 --> 00:46:23.960
<v Speaker 3>an actual map to find out where I'm writing. So

848
00:46:24.239 --> 00:46:26.719
<v Speaker 3>there's yes, it does that.

849
00:46:26.840 --> 00:46:29.440
<v Speaker 6>There's sort of Maybe I could think of two reasons

850
00:46:29.480 --> 00:46:32.000
<v Speaker 6>why that would be a good thing. One, it might

851
00:46:32.079 --> 00:46:35.400
<v Speaker 6>advertise the chemicals that are in you. That would be

852
00:46:35.559 --> 00:46:39.039
<v Speaker 6>so you could have anti predator slime in your foot slime.

853
00:46:39.079 --> 00:46:42.480
<v Speaker 6>Two that says predator this I smell disgusting, or I

854
00:46:42.519 --> 00:46:46.719
<v Speaker 6>smell extremely impalatable or something right that makes them. But

855
00:46:46.800 --> 00:46:50.119
<v Speaker 6>not all slugs are unpalatable, like raccoons and skunks have

856
00:46:50.159 --> 00:46:50.760
<v Speaker 6>a field day.

857
00:46:51.079 --> 00:46:52.719
<v Speaker 3>Well so so some of them aren't.

858
00:46:53.000 --> 00:46:55.519
<v Speaker 2>So I just watched a video of a raccoon eating

859
00:46:55.559 --> 00:46:58.480
<v Speaker 2>slugs like they were a bag of stretchy gummy candy,

860
00:46:58.519 --> 00:47:00.639
<v Speaker 2>and it was imagery that will stay with me for life.

861
00:47:01.360 --> 00:47:04.800
<v Speaker 2>Don't watch it. Also, side note, don't eat any raw

862
00:47:04.920 --> 00:47:09.119
<v Speaker 2>snails or slugs because they may carry rat lungworm, which

863
00:47:09.159 --> 00:47:12.840
<v Speaker 2>is a worm that burrows into your brain and can

864
00:47:12.960 --> 00:47:15.679
<v Speaker 2>kill you. So serious illnesses have happened in a few

865
00:47:15.719 --> 00:47:19.239
<v Speaker 2>countries and even in the southern United States, mostly in

866
00:47:19.400 --> 00:47:22.880
<v Speaker 2>boys and young men who have been dared by friends

867
00:47:22.920 --> 00:47:25.639
<v Speaker 2>to eat a raw slug or snail, So please don't

868
00:47:25.639 --> 00:47:28.599
<v Speaker 2>do that. Cook them if you have to. So just

869
00:47:28.719 --> 00:47:31.400
<v Speaker 2>like in case the taste wasn't enough to not make

870
00:47:31.480 --> 00:47:34.199
<v Speaker 2>you want a gnaw on a live molluscs, there's the

871
00:47:34.320 --> 00:47:35.280
<v Speaker 2>rat long worm.

872
00:47:35.599 --> 00:47:37.599
<v Speaker 3>And it also can tell.

873
00:47:37.920 --> 00:47:39.559
<v Speaker 6>So if you're a snail or a slug, you might

874
00:47:39.599 --> 00:47:43.280
<v Speaker 6>have trouble finding a mate, and your slime trail may

875
00:47:43.320 --> 00:47:46.800
<v Speaker 6>be a path to you from somebody else who would

876
00:47:46.840 --> 00:47:49.800
<v Speaker 6>be your potential mate. So it's like your breadcrumb trail.

877
00:47:50.119 --> 00:47:53.920
<v Speaker 6>That's your romantic breadcrumb trail. Here I am because it's

878
00:47:54.360 --> 00:47:56.960
<v Speaker 6>they have eyes on the top of tiny little eyestalks.

879
00:47:57.000 --> 00:47:59.760
<v Speaker 6>They probably are not seeing very very well. They're probably

880
00:48:00.280 --> 00:48:03.719
<v Speaker 6>all influenced. Most of their senses are probably pheromones. So

881
00:48:03.800 --> 00:48:07.519
<v Speaker 6>what pheromones do they have? Do other snails have? And

882
00:48:07.559 --> 00:48:10.719
<v Speaker 6>how do they know navigate and find each other? Which

883
00:48:10.760 --> 00:48:12.960
<v Speaker 6>is sometimes if you're a snail or a slug, sometimes

884
00:48:13.039 --> 00:48:15.519
<v Speaker 6>the only time you can find someone to mate with

885
00:48:15.599 --> 00:48:16.360
<v Speaker 6>is when it rains.

886
00:48:16.800 --> 00:48:21.119
<v Speaker 3>Oh, oh, it happen when it rains.

887
00:48:22.079 --> 00:48:25.119
<v Speaker 6>Right. If you think of an environment where they're estivating

888
00:48:25.199 --> 00:48:27.400
<v Speaker 6>or they're in like snail hibernation, for a while, or

889
00:48:27.400 --> 00:48:29.280
<v Speaker 6>they're underground and their slugs and they come out at

890
00:48:29.360 --> 00:48:31.559
<v Speaker 6>night and then they want to find somebody to mate with.

891
00:48:31.920 --> 00:48:35.159
<v Speaker 6>They have to they have to find them, probably using

892
00:48:35.199 --> 00:48:36.360
<v Speaker 6>these little pheromone trails.

893
00:48:36.639 --> 00:48:39.800
<v Speaker 4>And let's talk about their Martian googly eyes, because like

894
00:48:40.239 --> 00:48:41.119
<v Speaker 4>it's so weird.

895
00:48:41.159 --> 00:48:43.159
<v Speaker 3>I feel like we're so used to it, but yeah,

896
00:48:43.159 --> 00:48:47.079
<v Speaker 3>they're yeah weird. You have two sticks they grow out

897
00:48:47.079 --> 00:48:50.320
<v Speaker 3>of your head from moment to moment, what the hell's

898
00:48:50.360 --> 00:48:50.719
<v Speaker 3>going on?

899
00:48:50.800 --> 00:48:52.800
<v Speaker 6>And they can also pull them into their head and

900
00:48:52.840 --> 00:48:55.320
<v Speaker 6>then pop them back out. And marine snails, most marine

901
00:48:55.360 --> 00:48:58.000
<v Speaker 6>snails don't have that. Most marine snails their eyes are

902
00:48:58.079 --> 00:49:02.360
<v Speaker 6>on their face, okay, and then they have little sticking

903
00:49:02.400 --> 00:49:06.639
<v Speaker 6>things that are sort of like their sensory tentacles, right,

904
00:49:06.639 --> 00:49:08.000
<v Speaker 6>but they don't have eyes on the end of them.

905
00:49:08.119 --> 00:49:08.360
<v Speaker 3>Right.

906
00:49:08.400 --> 00:49:11.639
<v Speaker 6>So if you ever see like cartoons, like, it's easy

907
00:49:11.840 --> 00:49:14.960
<v Speaker 6>to tell who knows their snail biology by a cartoon,

908
00:49:15.239 --> 00:49:18.280
<v Speaker 6>because terrestrial snails almost always have two sets, an upper

909
00:49:18.320 --> 00:49:21.599
<v Speaker 6>optical set of tentacles and the lower sensories set of tentacles,

910
00:49:21.880 --> 00:49:26.320
<v Speaker 6>and marine snails almost always have at least one set

911
00:49:26.360 --> 00:49:28.199
<v Speaker 6>of tentacles that have no eyes on the top. Their

912
00:49:28.239 --> 00:49:30.639
<v Speaker 6>eyes on there on their face, if you will, are

913
00:49:30.639 --> 00:49:32.159
<v Speaker 6>on their head, And how are.

914
00:49:32.039 --> 00:49:36.800
<v Speaker 4>These terrestrial eyestalks even working? And also side note, don't

915
00:49:36.800 --> 00:49:40.239
<v Speaker 4>they have crazy tongues? Yes, yes they do, Yes, they do.

916
00:49:40.920 --> 00:49:41.119
<v Speaker 6>Right.

917
00:49:41.239 --> 00:49:43.000
<v Speaker 3>So the eye is on a muscle.

918
00:49:43.239 --> 00:49:45.280
<v Speaker 6>And if you were to look at a snail and

919
00:49:45.320 --> 00:49:48.280
<v Speaker 6>you were to poke at its eyestalk, it'll pull its

920
00:49:48.320 --> 00:49:51.079
<v Speaker 6>eye in, but its eye is pendent of its eyestalk,

921
00:49:51.159 --> 00:49:54.400
<v Speaker 6>so we can pull its eye in on a muscle

922
00:49:54.440 --> 00:49:57.360
<v Speaker 6>first before the rest of the stalk. Oh right, So

923
00:49:57.360 --> 00:49:59.360
<v Speaker 6>it's like having a foot in a sock, Like you

924
00:49:59.360 --> 00:50:01.760
<v Speaker 6>could pull your foot out of your sock and your sock.

925
00:50:01.599 --> 00:50:05.519
<v Speaker 3>Is still there, so they can do that. Hey, kiddos,

926
00:50:05.639 --> 00:50:07.039
<v Speaker 3>don't poke snail eyes.

927
00:50:07.239 --> 00:50:11.360
<v Speaker 6>Okay, all right, So they have I think an image

928
00:50:11.360 --> 00:50:14.440
<v Speaker 6>forming eye, but there's no reason to think that they're

929
00:50:14.719 --> 00:50:16.960
<v Speaker 6>making a lot of sense out of what they're seeing.

930
00:50:19.039 --> 00:50:20.880
<v Speaker 3>What about their weird tongues, Yeah, they're weird tongues.

931
00:50:20.920 --> 00:50:24.920
<v Speaker 6>So their tongues are called radula or one radula two

932
00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:27.159
<v Speaker 6>ragually and I tell people.

933
00:50:27.000 --> 00:50:28.719
<v Speaker 3>It's like it's like a cat tongue.

934
00:50:28.840 --> 00:50:31.000
<v Speaker 6>So if you imagine if you have ever been licked

935
00:50:31.000 --> 00:50:34.159
<v Speaker 6>by a cat, right, it's that really rough tongue, so

936
00:50:34.199 --> 00:50:37.440
<v Speaker 6>their ragula is like a cat tongue, and all of

937
00:50:37.480 --> 00:50:42.239
<v Speaker 6>those little the bit that makes it extremely effective are

938
00:50:42.320 --> 00:50:46.800
<v Speaker 6>little like teeth, little teeth with it on the tongue,

939
00:50:46.800 --> 00:50:49.840
<v Speaker 6>so it's like a strip that moves in and out,

940
00:50:49.920 --> 00:50:53.960
<v Speaker 6>and the mouth kind of shoots it out and scrapes

941
00:50:54.000 --> 00:50:55.320
<v Speaker 6>and pulls it back in, and shoots it out and

942
00:50:55.320 --> 00:50:56.320
<v Speaker 6>scrapes and pulls it back in.

943
00:50:56.639 --> 00:50:59.280
<v Speaker 2>So a snail tongue is made up of hundreds to

944
00:50:59.559 --> 00:51:03.440
<v Speaker 2>thousands of tiny little teeth that have different shapes and

945
00:51:03.559 --> 00:51:06.599
<v Speaker 2>sizes depending on the species. So if you watch a

946
00:51:06.679 --> 00:51:10.280
<v Speaker 2>video of a snail licking glass, it's like a tiny

947
00:51:10.360 --> 00:51:14.239
<v Speaker 2>wet sarlac pit from the nineteen eighty three version.

948
00:51:13.960 --> 00:51:16.119
<v Speaker 4>Of Return to the Jedi. It's just like a whole

949
00:51:16.639 --> 00:51:20.119
<v Speaker 4>lined with teeth. It's a miniature nightmare. Now, on the

950
00:51:20.159 --> 00:51:25.559
<v Speaker 4>topic of arid horrors, what happens when a snail gets dry?

951
00:51:25.679 --> 00:51:29.960
<v Speaker 4>You had mentioned hibernation, and I know this question, I

952
00:51:29.960 --> 00:51:32.320
<v Speaker 4>feel like before I even knew I was doing this episode,

953
00:51:32.320 --> 00:51:35.159
<v Speaker 4>But why can they sometimes just hang out, sealed off

954
00:51:35.159 --> 00:51:36.719
<v Speaker 4>in their shell for like months?

955
00:51:36.960 --> 00:51:39.199
<v Speaker 6>Right, Well, that's one of the reasons that they're good

956
00:51:40.239 --> 00:51:42.360
<v Speaker 6>at the snails that can do that are good at

957
00:51:42.400 --> 00:51:46.920
<v Speaker 6>living in environments where they didn't evolve and that can

958
00:51:46.960 --> 00:51:50.320
<v Speaker 6>be very hot and dry. That they survive because they

959
00:51:50.320 --> 00:51:53.960
<v Speaker 6>can do that very thing. It's called estivation. So it's

960
00:51:54.039 --> 00:51:57.840
<v Speaker 6>hibernation essentially. And so they find a spot and they

961
00:51:57.840 --> 00:52:01.760
<v Speaker 6>can put out a sp she'll that will stick their

962
00:52:01.800 --> 00:52:04.079
<v Speaker 6>shell to a surface, so like the side of a house,

963
00:52:04.440 --> 00:52:06.920
<v Speaker 6>and then they can pull their body back in and

964
00:52:07.079 --> 00:52:10.199
<v Speaker 6>make another layer that covers their body and has.

965
00:52:10.039 --> 00:52:12.360
<v Speaker 3>A little hole as an air hole. Oh my god.

966
00:52:12.440 --> 00:52:14.639
<v Speaker 6>And then they can sit there and wait, I have

967
00:52:14.679 --> 00:52:17.199
<v Speaker 6>one estimating, Like I'm looking at it right now.

968
00:52:17.320 --> 00:52:19.519
<v Speaker 3>It's sitting over there. I can show you. Yes, I

969
00:52:19.599 --> 00:52:22.079
<v Speaker 3>see it in a jar, just like gone fishing. I

970
00:52:22.119 --> 00:52:23.760
<v Speaker 3>love that. You just have a jar with a snail

971
00:52:23.800 --> 00:52:26.079
<v Speaker 3>in it. How long has it been kicking it? So

972
00:52:26.920 --> 00:52:29.519
<v Speaker 3>these have been here a couple of weeks. I gave

973
00:52:29.559 --> 00:52:29.960
<v Speaker 3>them water.

974
00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:33.559
<v Speaker 2>They're just yeah, sure, I'll baby talk a gastropod. So

975
00:52:33.599 --> 00:52:37.320
<v Speaker 2>what so a snail seals itself into its shell during

976
00:52:37.519 --> 00:52:39.840
<v Speaker 2>hot or dry periods, kind of like how you would

977
00:52:39.840 --> 00:52:43.400
<v Speaker 2>barricade yourself indoors during the summer in Arizona. And there's

978
00:52:43.440 --> 00:52:46.639
<v Speaker 2>like a tiny little hole and they're sealed off slime

979
00:52:46.760 --> 00:52:49.400
<v Speaker 2>wall kind of like a mail slot through which you

980
00:52:49.400 --> 00:52:53.840
<v Speaker 2>would accept air or pizzas even though snails are fasting.

981
00:52:53.679 --> 00:52:58.400
<v Speaker 6>So they estivate for weeks to months, days to weeks,

982
00:52:58.400 --> 00:53:00.440
<v Speaker 6>two months and then don't get hungry.

983
00:53:00.679 --> 00:53:01.840
<v Speaker 3>Well, I guess when they do.

984
00:53:01.960 --> 00:53:04.079
<v Speaker 6>I mean if they if they have no resources, they

985
00:53:04.079 --> 00:53:06.679
<v Speaker 6>would just die eventually, right, they would just drown die.

986
00:53:06.800 --> 00:53:12.000
<v Speaker 3>But once they have rain, then they'll find.

987
00:53:11.760 --> 00:53:15.239
<v Speaker 6>Each other and mate and find something to eat and

988
00:53:15.280 --> 00:53:16.480
<v Speaker 6>then go back to estivating.

989
00:53:17.199 --> 00:53:18.000
<v Speaker 3>So it's like there.

990
00:53:18.199 --> 00:53:21.000
<v Speaker 6>I guess once they have enough resources, they'll just go

991
00:53:21.079 --> 00:53:23.719
<v Speaker 6>to sleep and like they'll slow down their metabolism and

992
00:53:23.719 --> 00:53:26.519
<v Speaker 6>stay like that for Yeah, they can stay like that

993
00:53:26.519 --> 00:53:29.519
<v Speaker 6>for a really long time, which also extends their their lives.

994
00:53:29.559 --> 00:53:31.119
<v Speaker 6>Like people have asked how long do they live, and

995
00:53:31.159 --> 00:53:35.840
<v Speaker 6>I said, I they could live for five plus years. Really,

996
00:53:35.960 --> 00:53:38.519
<v Speaker 6>I think so because most of their especially if a

997
00:53:38.519 --> 00:53:41.519
<v Speaker 6>lot of their life is just estivating, right, so they're

998
00:53:41.519 --> 00:53:45.159
<v Speaker 6>not doing anything, they're just waiting, So they can kind

999
00:53:45.199 --> 00:53:47.800
<v Speaker 6>of extend their lives and also live in a place

1000
00:53:47.800 --> 00:53:50.880
<v Speaker 6>that's really dry, so like snail's pace is kind of

1001
00:53:50.960 --> 00:53:53.719
<v Speaker 6>legit there. Yeah, Yeah, how do you feel about the

1002
00:53:53.800 --> 00:53:55.800
<v Speaker 6>term snail's pace. And how do you feel about the

1003
00:53:55.880 --> 00:53:56.880
<v Speaker 6>term snail mail?

1004
00:53:56.920 --> 00:54:00.000
<v Speaker 3>Snail mail? I don't really care. Yeah, it's all right.

1005
00:54:00.239 --> 00:54:03.119
<v Speaker 4>Yeah. Do you feel like as a malacologists who study snails,

1006
00:54:03.199 --> 00:54:05.840
<v Speaker 4>people expect you to get things back to them slower

1007
00:54:05.960 --> 00:54:07.360
<v Speaker 4>just on a subconscious level?

1008
00:54:07.920 --> 00:54:08.320
<v Speaker 3>I would?

1009
00:54:08.559 --> 00:54:11.119
<v Speaker 6>I wish that that were the case. That's that would

1010
00:54:11.159 --> 00:54:14.360
<v Speaker 6>be great if that were the case, because that's kind

1011
00:54:14.360 --> 00:54:16.760
<v Speaker 6>of how I operate, So you know what I mean,

1012
00:54:16.800 --> 00:54:20.039
<v Speaker 6>if it were that it was that the expectation would

1013
00:54:20.039 --> 00:54:21.599
<v Speaker 6>be that it was slower, that would be a good thing.

1014
00:54:21.800 --> 00:54:24.239
<v Speaker 4>There have to be people who studied cheetahs and people

1015
00:54:24.280 --> 00:54:27.599
<v Speaker 4>are disappointed that they don't return emails faster, just subconsciously,

1016
00:54:27.719 --> 00:54:28.320
<v Speaker 4>you know what I mean.

1017
00:54:28.440 --> 00:54:28.880
<v Speaker 3>That's right.

1018
00:54:30.079 --> 00:54:33.400
<v Speaker 4>Can I hit you with some Patreon questions? Yeah, okay, sure,

1019
00:54:33.840 --> 00:54:37.239
<v Speaker 4>But before we take questions from you, our beloved listeners,

1020
00:54:37.280 --> 00:54:39.559
<v Speaker 4>we're going to take a quick break for sponsors of

1021
00:54:39.599 --> 00:54:39.920
<v Speaker 4>the show.

1022
00:54:40.119 --> 00:54:42.280
<v Speaker 3>Sponsors. Why sponsors? You know what they do?

1023
00:54:42.400 --> 00:54:45.320
<v Speaker 4>They help us give money to different charities every week.

1024
00:54:45.559 --> 00:54:47.920
<v Speaker 4>So if you want to know where Ologies gives our money,

1025
00:54:48.079 --> 00:54:50.599
<v Speaker 4>you can go to Aliward dot com and look for

1026
00:54:50.639 --> 00:54:53.719
<v Speaker 4>the tab Ologies gives back. There's like one hundred and

1027
00:54:53.760 --> 00:54:56.880
<v Speaker 4>fifty different charities that we've given to already, with more

1028
00:54:57.039 --> 00:54:59.159
<v Speaker 4>every single week. So if you need a place to go,

1029
00:54:59.199 --> 00:55:00.679
<v Speaker 4>donate a little bit of my but you're not sure

1030
00:55:00.719 --> 00:55:03.880
<v Speaker 4>where to go. Those are all picked biologists who work

1031
00:55:03.920 --> 00:55:07.280
<v Speaker 4>in those fields, and this ad break allows us to

1032
00:55:08.039 --> 00:55:10.639
<v Speaker 4>give a ton of money to them. So thanks for

1033
00:55:10.760 --> 00:55:12.000
<v Speaker 4>listening and thank sponsors.

1034
00:55:12.559 --> 00:55:14.800
<v Speaker 1>You're flat out and your to do list is growing

1035
00:55:14.840 --> 00:55:18.320
<v Speaker 1>by the minute, but unfortunately so is your headache, and

1036
00:55:18.360 --> 00:55:24.119
<v Speaker 1>now you've gone from flat out to flattened. Luckily, Panadal

1037
00:55:24.239 --> 00:55:27.480
<v Speaker 1>extra film coated tablets are boosted by caffeine and they

1038
00:55:27.519 --> 00:55:30.440
<v Speaker 1>get to work in as little as ten minutes for

1039
00:55:30.599 --> 00:55:34.159
<v Speaker 1>powerful relief. That's more than just paracetamol. That's one for

1040
00:55:34.239 --> 00:55:38.840
<v Speaker 1>Panadal speed based on absorption data contains paracetamol. Always read

1041
00:55:38.840 --> 00:55:39.760
<v Speaker 1>the label or leaflet.

1042
00:55:43.039 --> 00:55:46.599
<v Speaker 4>Okay, your questions, this is a rapid fire around. You

1043
00:55:46.639 --> 00:55:49.199
<v Speaker 4>can answer as fast as you want, Sarah question, great question.

1044
00:55:49.320 --> 00:55:51.239
<v Speaker 4>A few people ask us where do all the shells

1045
00:55:51.280 --> 00:55:53.519
<v Speaker 4>come from? Are they making them? Are they finding them?

1046
00:55:53.679 --> 00:55:55.159
<v Speaker 4>What the shell's going on making?

1047
00:55:55.239 --> 00:55:57.280
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, they're making them. So I say that it's like

1048
00:55:57.280 --> 00:55:57.719
<v Speaker 3>a turtle.

1049
00:55:57.840 --> 00:55:59.760
<v Speaker 6>Right, So a turtle makes its shell and it lives

1050
00:55:59.760 --> 00:56:02.119
<v Speaker 6>in its and it's attached to its shell, and it

1051
00:56:02.119 --> 00:56:04.519
<v Speaker 6>can't somehow like cast it off and get another one.

1052
00:56:04.760 --> 00:56:07.559
<v Speaker 6>A snail is in that sense exactly the same. Okay,

1053
00:56:07.599 --> 00:56:09.760
<v Speaker 6>it makes its shell when it's a little tiny baby,

1054
00:56:09.800 --> 00:56:10.920
<v Speaker 6>it has a tiny little shell.

1055
00:56:11.280 --> 00:56:14.880
<v Speaker 3>As it grows, it adds to its shell. So it's

1056
00:56:15.119 --> 00:56:15.719
<v Speaker 3>like a turtle.

1057
00:56:15.800 --> 00:56:18.280
<v Speaker 6>Like a turtle doesn't just it's not like naked when

1058
00:56:18.280 --> 00:56:19.719
<v Speaker 6>it's born and then finds a shell.

1059
00:56:19.880 --> 00:56:21.840
<v Speaker 3>It's the same thing with snails. They make their shell.

1060
00:56:22.079 --> 00:56:26.119
<v Speaker 6>So every shell that you've ever seen was made by

1061
00:56:26.159 --> 00:56:30.440
<v Speaker 6>a snail. And the only organisms that like find shells

1062
00:56:30.480 --> 00:56:33.039
<v Speaker 6>and then get new shells or hermit crabs, which are

1063
00:56:33.199 --> 00:56:37.199
<v Speaker 6>naked on their abdomen, right, So they are these weird

1064
00:56:37.239 --> 00:56:39.800
<v Speaker 6>little crabs that have this totally naked abdomen and then

1065
00:56:39.840 --> 00:56:41.840
<v Speaker 6>grab onto a shell and hold it because they need

1066
00:56:41.840 --> 00:56:42.639
<v Speaker 6>some sort of protection.

1067
00:56:43.199 --> 00:56:45.639
<v Speaker 2>Nude hermit crabs, by the way, are one of the

1068
00:56:45.639 --> 00:56:50.159
<v Speaker 2>most sweetly revolting sites. Their butts look like a coiled,

1069
00:56:50.519 --> 00:56:53.920
<v Speaker 2>boneless finger. And then when they grow, they sometimes have

1070
00:56:53.960 --> 00:56:56.840
<v Speaker 2>to swap shells with other hermit crabs, and they line

1071
00:56:56.920 --> 00:57:00.679
<v Speaker 2>up in an orderly fashion and everyone at once moves

1072
00:57:00.760 --> 00:57:04.800
<v Speaker 2>a size up into the warm, freshly vacated shell of

1073
00:57:04.840 --> 00:57:07.400
<v Speaker 2>the one ahead. Now this is just a side note.

1074
00:57:07.400 --> 00:57:11.760
<v Speaker 2>Whenever I'm feeling like emotionally vulnerable or scared to reveal something,

1075
00:57:12.000 --> 00:57:14.960
<v Speaker 2>or if I'm about to risk rejection, I think of

1076
00:57:15.000 --> 00:57:18.079
<v Speaker 2>these naked hermit crab butts and how important it is

1077
00:57:18.360 --> 00:57:21.320
<v Speaker 2>to make that risk and switch into the larger shell

1078
00:57:21.760 --> 00:57:23.960
<v Speaker 2>to have more room to grow and live your life.

1079
00:57:24.199 --> 00:57:27.559
<v Speaker 2>Also thanks to dead snails for growing these shells out

1080
00:57:27.559 --> 00:57:29.639
<v Speaker 2>of their bodies in the first place. I don't know

1081
00:57:29.679 --> 00:57:33.159
<v Speaker 2>where that takes my metaphor, but whatever, right, But snails

1082
00:57:33.159 --> 00:57:35.679
<v Speaker 2>are like, no, I made this, Yes, I made this.

1083
00:57:36.000 --> 00:57:37.960
<v Speaker 3>That's right. This is you're looking at my butt right now.

1084
00:57:37.960 --> 00:57:38.599
<v Speaker 3>It's like their.

1085
00:57:38.480 --> 00:57:40.679
<v Speaker 6>House, like, yes, they carry their house on their back

1086
00:57:40.840 --> 00:57:42.559
<v Speaker 6>right as the saying goes yeah.

1087
00:57:42.840 --> 00:57:49.079
<v Speaker 3>Dustin Mills wants to know. Are their fast snails? M Yes,

1088
00:57:49.519 --> 00:57:53.039
<v Speaker 3>fast in certain aspects.

1089
00:57:53.159 --> 00:57:57.239
<v Speaker 6>Yes, Cone snails which are famous for having ConA toxins,

1090
00:57:57.280 --> 00:57:59.559
<v Speaker 6>the special toxins that they use.

1091
00:57:59.519 --> 00:58:00.599
<v Speaker 3>To kill their prey.

1092
00:58:01.320 --> 00:58:04.480
<v Speaker 6>The way that they do that is they have a radula, right,

1093
00:58:04.519 --> 00:58:07.920
<v Speaker 6>the feeding structure that is that has evolved to be

1094
00:58:08.039 --> 00:58:15.880
<v Speaker 6>a spear type shape, and they can in milliseconds shoot

1095
00:58:15.960 --> 00:58:21.840
<v Speaker 6>out this spear into fish, polykeat worms or other mollusks,

1096
00:58:21.920 --> 00:58:24.599
<v Speaker 6>and that process of shooting it, Like, if there's a fish,

1097
00:58:24.599 --> 00:58:26.519
<v Speaker 6>you've got to be pretty quick to such a fish.

1098
00:58:26.840 --> 00:58:29.519
<v Speaker 6>So a cone snail that eats fish can shoot out

1099
00:58:29.519 --> 00:58:34.760
<v Speaker 6>this barb in milliseconds and paralyze its prey a most

1100
00:58:34.800 --> 00:58:36.920
<v Speaker 6>instantaneously and then engulf it and eat it.

1101
00:58:37.159 --> 00:58:38.800
<v Speaker 3>So that's fast. That's real fast.

1102
00:58:38.960 --> 00:58:39.119
<v Speaker 1>Right.

1103
00:58:39.400 --> 00:58:41.679
<v Speaker 3>Can you imagine being like, oh, what happened to Gary?

1104
00:58:41.719 --> 00:58:43.800
<v Speaker 3>And it's like he got taken out by a snail.

1105
00:58:43.880 --> 00:58:46.960
<v Speaker 3>It's so embarrassing. Yeah, I feel like, oh you lost.

1106
00:58:48.280 --> 00:58:51.039
<v Speaker 4>Brooke Bosone asked a good question. What's a humane way

1107
00:58:51.119 --> 00:58:53.440
<v Speaker 4>to discourage snails from eating the things in my garden?

1108
00:58:53.760 --> 00:58:55.400
<v Speaker 4>Is there something like an axe body spray?

1109
00:58:55.440 --> 00:58:57.159
<v Speaker 3>I can use it. We'll discuss them and get them

1110
00:58:57.159 --> 00:58:59.199
<v Speaker 3>to stop eating my plants. Oh, I wish there were.

1111
00:58:59.800 --> 00:59:00.559
<v Speaker 3>I wish there were.

1112
00:59:02.440 --> 00:59:04.599
<v Speaker 6>You can pick them off by hand and put them

1113
00:59:04.639 --> 00:59:08.840
<v Speaker 6>somewhere else, But that's not really that's a very proximate solution.

1114
00:59:09.400 --> 00:59:11.039
<v Speaker 4>Also, it's not emotional. You've got to be out there

1115
00:59:11.039 --> 00:59:12.719
<v Speaker 4>at three in the morning especial, right.

1116
00:59:12.639 --> 00:59:13.840
<v Speaker 3>That's right, who's doing that?

1117
00:59:13.880 --> 00:59:21.960
<v Speaker 6>No, you can humane no, not really beer like shallow

1118
00:59:22.000 --> 00:59:24.440
<v Speaker 6>dishes of beer. They're attracted to that and will sometimes

1119
00:59:24.559 --> 00:59:25.639
<v Speaker 6>drown themselves.

1120
00:59:25.679 --> 00:59:26.400
<v Speaker 3>Not humane.

1121
00:59:26.840 --> 00:59:31.320
<v Speaker 2>Your Garden is a Lifetime movie about a frat house tragedy.

1122
00:59:31.360 --> 00:59:33.559
<v Speaker 3>Kyle Crows and Heather Crowd.

1123
00:59:33.599 --> 00:59:35.639
<v Speaker 4>They're both asked what is it about beer that attracts

1124
00:59:35.639 --> 00:59:36.840
<v Speaker 4>snails and beer traps?

1125
00:59:37.760 --> 00:59:38.920
<v Speaker 3>Why do they like it so much?

1126
00:59:39.000 --> 00:59:41.239
<v Speaker 4>And have there been any studies to see if snails

1127
00:59:41.280 --> 00:59:43.360
<v Speaker 4>enjoy craft beer over domestic.

1128
00:59:44.639 --> 00:59:45.960
<v Speaker 3>I don't know. I don't know why.

1129
00:59:46.679 --> 00:59:51.000
<v Speaker 6>It could be that fermentation, something that is fermenting smells

1130
00:59:51.119 --> 00:59:54.079
<v Speaker 6>like something that is good to eat, right, So if

1131
00:59:54.079 --> 00:59:57.159
<v Speaker 6>you imagine your generalist snail and you're looking for something

1132
00:59:57.159 --> 01:00:02.280
<v Speaker 6>to eat, something that smells like it's dying or dead

1133
01:00:02.400 --> 01:00:06.079
<v Speaker 6>and sort of decomposing, which is not exactly what fermentation.

1134
01:00:05.760 --> 01:00:07.559
<v Speaker 3>Is, but sort of similar.

1135
01:00:07.719 --> 01:00:11.079
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, as I type this, I was drinking this vinegary

1136
01:00:11.199 --> 01:00:14.440
<v Speaker 4>kombucha and I kept picturing snails dying into it, which,

1137
01:00:14.480 --> 01:00:16.599
<v Speaker 4>if you ever wondered how to make kombucha.

1138
01:00:16.119 --> 01:00:17.559
<v Speaker 3>Harder to swallow, just do that.

1139
01:00:17.800 --> 01:00:20.639
<v Speaker 2>Also, I looked it up and apparently slugs do like

1140
01:00:20.679 --> 01:00:22.280
<v Speaker 2>the yeast in the beer. So if you want to

1141
01:00:22.320 --> 01:00:26.199
<v Speaker 2>spare a beer, some sugar water and baking yeast will

1142
01:00:26.199 --> 01:00:28.679
<v Speaker 2>do the trick. I watched this time lapse video of

1143
01:00:28.800 --> 01:00:32.559
<v Speaker 2>slugs just popping off at a beer trap, and a

1144
01:00:32.599 --> 01:00:34.960
<v Speaker 2>lot of them will take a sip and make off fine.

1145
01:00:35.039 --> 01:00:38.760
<v Speaker 2>They're like thanks, buye. But there are others who slip

1146
01:00:39.039 --> 01:00:41.719
<v Speaker 2>right into it like a bathtub filled with wine coolers

1147
01:00:41.760 --> 01:00:44.880
<v Speaker 2>and just blissfully surrender to the grim reaper right then

1148
01:00:44.920 --> 01:00:45.239
<v Speaker 2>and there.

1149
01:00:45.639 --> 01:00:50.199
<v Speaker 4>Mike Kamanikowski, great question, is farming helix snails for escargo

1150
01:00:50.239 --> 01:00:54.519
<v Speaker 4>and environmentally sustainable form of agriculture? And do you eat

1151
01:00:54.559 --> 01:00:55.960
<v Speaker 4>snails cone snails?

1152
01:00:56.079 --> 01:01:00.280
<v Speaker 6>Right? I don't so helix so he's talking about for ESCO.

1153
01:01:00.480 --> 01:01:04.159
<v Speaker 6>There's a couple of species that are, yeah, are good

1154
01:01:04.239 --> 01:01:07.320
<v Speaker 6>escargo snails that I have never eaten. One is our

1155
01:01:07.559 --> 01:01:10.679
<v Speaker 6>Los Angeles wet sidewalk snail. So in addition to making

1156
01:01:11.039 --> 01:01:17.280
<v Speaker 6>the slime that's used in snail beautification products, they also

1157
01:01:17.480 --> 01:01:22.840
<v Speaker 6>are a maybe second tier escargo snail. Okay, is it

1158
01:01:23.039 --> 01:01:27.840
<v Speaker 6>environmentally sustainable as a form of protein? I would say

1159
01:01:27.840 --> 01:01:30.880
<v Speaker 6>probably more than other forms of protein. I mean they

1160
01:01:30.880 --> 01:01:34.159
<v Speaker 6>can they can build up a lot of body.

1161
01:01:33.840 --> 01:01:38.119
<v Speaker 3>Mass on very few ingredients.

1162
01:01:38.159 --> 01:01:41.320
<v Speaker 6>They could also eat like refuse of from you know,

1163
01:01:41.320 --> 01:01:43.480
<v Speaker 6>they could eat. They could be instead of your your

1164
01:01:43.480 --> 01:01:46.880
<v Speaker 6>compost bin, you could have snails thriving and eating your compost,

1165
01:01:46.920 --> 01:01:50.119
<v Speaker 6>and then you could eat your snails. That was kind

1166
01:01:50.199 --> 01:01:54.400
<v Speaker 6>of how the corny whispers some wet side sidewalk snail

1167
01:01:54.440 --> 01:01:56.599
<v Speaker 6>was introduced to California in the first place.

1168
01:01:56.679 --> 01:01:57.920
<v Speaker 3>Right, wasn't it gold Rush?

1169
01:01:57.960 --> 01:02:00.559
<v Speaker 6>There was a Frenchman who in eighteen I mean some things,

1170
01:02:00.599 --> 01:02:01.920
<v Speaker 6>I'm not sure if it was for the gold Rush,

1171
01:02:02.000 --> 01:02:02.280
<v Speaker 6>could have.

1172
01:02:02.280 --> 01:02:06.000
<v Speaker 4>Been fact check this story, and yes, is delightfully, endearingly,

1173
01:02:06.239 --> 01:02:07.199
<v Speaker 4>bizarreingly true.

1174
01:02:07.559 --> 01:02:12.079
<v Speaker 6>A Frenchman in California who asked his someone in his family,

1175
01:02:12.079 --> 01:02:15.679
<v Speaker 6>his mother perhaps to send him snails from France to

1176
01:02:15.719 --> 01:02:18.480
<v Speaker 6>California because he wanted to have a supply of snails

1177
01:02:18.519 --> 01:02:22.400
<v Speaker 6>to eat, and so he made an enclosure for them

1178
01:02:22.440 --> 01:02:24.239
<v Speaker 6>so he could breathe these snails, to have them whenever

1179
01:02:24.239 --> 01:02:30.480
<v Speaker 6>he wanted. And the little babies are just millimeters big

1180
01:02:31.079 --> 01:02:34.920
<v Speaker 6>and crawled out of the mesh or presumably whatever structure

1181
01:02:34.960 --> 01:02:37.440
<v Speaker 6>he had for them. And then that was one of

1182
01:02:37.480 --> 01:02:41.880
<v Speaker 6>the ways that snails were first perhaps the first way

1183
01:02:42.000 --> 01:02:44.719
<v Speaker 6>that snails were introduced to California. But they this same

1184
01:02:44.719 --> 01:02:47.440
<v Speaker 6>snail has been introduced all around the world and lives.

1185
01:02:47.920 --> 01:02:54.239
<v Speaker 6>I mean in South Africa, New Zealand, Australia. It's really

1186
01:02:54.280 --> 01:02:55.480
<v Speaker 6>good at living where people live.

1187
01:02:55.760 --> 01:02:58.119
<v Speaker 3>But yeah, you could.

1188
01:02:58.760 --> 01:03:02.400
<v Speaker 6>I have a colleague at the museum who collects snails

1189
01:03:03.239 --> 01:03:06.679
<v Speaker 6>at night around Los Angeles and feeds them corn meal

1190
01:03:06.760 --> 01:03:07.000
<v Speaker 6>for a.

1191
01:03:06.920 --> 01:03:08.280
<v Speaker 3>While to like clean out their.

1192
01:03:08.199 --> 01:03:13.599
<v Speaker 6>System, and then I guess sautez them up, steams them however,

1193
01:03:13.719 --> 01:03:15.039
<v Speaker 6>and eats them.

1194
01:03:15.119 --> 01:03:17.800
<v Speaker 3>My mom used to do that. My grandma, my great

1195
01:03:17.800 --> 01:03:20.360
<v Speaker 3>grandma non me, she used to do that.

1196
01:03:20.400 --> 01:03:22.000
<v Speaker 4>She would send my mom and my aunt out to

1197
01:03:22.039 --> 01:03:25.159
<v Speaker 4>the graveyard with a burlap sack and they'd have to

1198
01:03:25.199 --> 01:03:27.800
<v Speaker 4>take the Muni in San Francisco with this dripping easy

1199
01:03:27.880 --> 01:03:29.679
<v Speaker 4>sack of and then she'd feed them cornmeal.

1200
01:03:29.760 --> 01:03:32.199
<v Speaker 6>She was a North Beach was this like Italian grandma

1201
01:03:32.199 --> 01:03:34.840
<v Speaker 6>from North Beach Yealy lived in North Beach and that's

1202
01:03:34.920 --> 01:03:36.400
<v Speaker 6>where they that's where all the Italians live.

1203
01:03:36.519 --> 01:03:39.079
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, and so my mom would would have to amazing,

1204
01:03:39.199 --> 01:03:41.440
<v Speaker 4>she said. She was mortified as a teenager. You know,

1205
01:03:41.480 --> 01:03:43.960
<v Speaker 4>she'd be taking this subway with a burlap sack full

1206
01:03:44.000 --> 01:03:46.920
<v Speaker 4>of just and then so do you.

1207
01:03:47.000 --> 01:03:48.679
<v Speaker 3>But you don't eat gastropods.

1208
01:03:48.719 --> 01:03:52.960
<v Speaker 6>I mean I have not not the escargo variety. But

1209
01:03:53.480 --> 01:03:55.239
<v Speaker 6>I have on a couple occasions. But it's not like

1210
01:03:55.360 --> 01:03:57.480
<v Speaker 6>I don't seek that out to eat rights for any

1211
01:03:57.480 --> 01:03:58.239
<v Speaker 6>particular reason.

1212
01:03:58.480 --> 01:04:00.800
<v Speaker 3>It's just not really my really, my thing.

1213
01:04:00.679 --> 01:04:04.239
<v Speaker 4>Not your jammed chewy yeah, very chewy skype. A scientist

1214
01:04:04.320 --> 01:04:07.079
<v Speaker 4>has a great question, Oh, is there any good reason

1215
01:04:07.079 --> 01:04:09.599
<v Speaker 4>that I should not have a giant African land snail

1216
01:04:09.920 --> 01:04:10.880
<v Speaker 4>as a pet?

1217
01:04:11.719 --> 01:04:15.159
<v Speaker 6>Yes, Tina Fica, Yes there are many reasons. Okay, there

1218
01:04:15.199 --> 01:04:19.440
<v Speaker 6>are many. The only places that those snails, they're called

1219
01:04:19.480 --> 01:04:23.679
<v Speaker 6>giant African land snails, which are nicknamed gals gls.

1220
01:04:24.400 --> 01:04:28.360
<v Speaker 2>So gals epitomize. The haters will say it's photoshopped meme.

1221
01:04:28.639 --> 01:04:31.280
<v Speaker 2>There is a picture going around of a woman cradling

1222
01:04:31.599 --> 01:04:35.159
<v Speaker 2>a huge snail, and it's so bunny like in scale,

1223
01:04:35.440 --> 01:04:38.039
<v Speaker 2>and with its two eyestalks, it really looks like you

1224
01:04:38.039 --> 01:04:40.679
<v Speaker 2>woke up into James and the Giant Peach alternate universe

1225
01:04:40.880 --> 01:04:43.800
<v Speaker 2>where all rabbits were replaced by snails, and it's so

1226
01:04:44.039 --> 01:04:47.639
<v Speaker 2>cute but also horrifying, and you'll find yourself just staring

1227
01:04:47.679 --> 01:04:49.400
<v Speaker 2>at it and questioning reality.

1228
01:04:49.960 --> 01:04:57.760
<v Speaker 6>Gals are potentially highly, highly invasive, and highly destructive in

1229
01:04:57.960 --> 01:05:00.400
<v Speaker 6>environments where there isn't a cold winter that can kill

1230
01:05:00.400 --> 01:05:03.440
<v Speaker 6>them off. So yes, the short answer is you should

1231
01:05:03.559 --> 01:05:07.239
<v Speaker 6>absolutely not. And if you do have them, the answer

1232
01:05:07.320 --> 01:05:08.920
<v Speaker 6>is not, oh my gosh, I have them. I'm going

1233
01:05:08.960 --> 01:05:11.159
<v Speaker 6>to let them loose in like Echo Park and then

1234
01:05:11.239 --> 01:05:14.559
<v Speaker 6>I don't have them anymore. The answer is call like

1235
01:05:14.639 --> 01:05:18.280
<v Speaker 6>contact me at the museum or somebody from USDA. And

1236
01:05:19.800 --> 01:05:21.559
<v Speaker 6>what is that when you when you give up you

1237
01:05:21.599 --> 01:05:25.239
<v Speaker 6>can you can give up your snails without any.

1238
01:05:25.679 --> 01:05:26.719
<v Speaker 3>Oh you have impunity.

1239
01:05:26.800 --> 01:05:28.800
<v Speaker 6>Yes, I believe you are. Just you can say I

1240
01:05:28.840 --> 01:05:31.000
<v Speaker 6>have these, I'm not supposed to have them. I'm not

1241
01:05:31.039 --> 01:05:33.599
<v Speaker 6>going to let them loose in Griffith Park or anywhere else.

1242
01:05:33.880 --> 01:05:36.639
<v Speaker 6>I'm going to give them to you somebody who's going

1243
01:05:36.719 --> 01:05:39.320
<v Speaker 6>to deal with them right so that they do not

1244
01:05:39.400 --> 01:05:42.320
<v Speaker 6>become an agricultural pest. So it's like leaving a baby

1245
01:05:42.360 --> 01:05:45.079
<v Speaker 6>at a fire station. Yes, you are allowed. That's right,

1246
01:05:45.159 --> 01:05:47.440
<v Speaker 6>you are allowed to do that. You need to do

1247
01:05:47.519 --> 01:05:51.320
<v Speaker 6>that just for your yes, for everybody's benefit. With with gals,

1248
01:05:51.400 --> 01:05:57.159
<v Speaker 6>because they could become a many many, multi like tens

1249
01:05:57.159 --> 01:06:01.119
<v Speaker 6>of millions of dollars easily in around medication efforts in

1250
01:06:01.119 --> 01:06:04.519
<v Speaker 6>California if they were to become established. Florida is dealing

1251
01:06:04.559 --> 01:06:11.639
<v Speaker 6>with populations of gals that are highly highly destructive and

1252
01:06:12.199 --> 01:06:20.639
<v Speaker 6>can also carry certain parasites that can cause meningitis.

1253
01:06:20.840 --> 01:06:23.480
<v Speaker 3>Like, oh yeah, that's a hell no.

1254
01:06:23.840 --> 01:06:26.760
<v Speaker 6>So so yeah, there are reasons that for health reasons,

1255
01:06:26.800 --> 01:06:29.159
<v Speaker 6>you wouldn't necessarily want to have them.

1256
01:06:29.559 --> 01:06:30.199
<v Speaker 3>I have an idea.

1257
01:06:30.559 --> 01:06:33.000
<v Speaker 4>What if you just get a hairless chihuahua and you

1258
01:06:33.039 --> 01:06:35.559
<v Speaker 4>put baby oil on it and put a hat on it,

1259
01:06:35.559 --> 01:06:36.679
<v Speaker 4>and you pretend it's a gal.

1260
01:06:37.559 --> 01:06:40.159
<v Speaker 3>You could That's right. I bet somebody has done that.

1261
01:06:40.320 --> 01:06:41.800
<v Speaker 3>I fixed it there, that's right.

1262
01:06:42.360 --> 01:06:44.719
<v Speaker 4>So even though that hey, should I get a pet

1263
01:06:44.719 --> 01:06:48.519
<v Speaker 4>snail question maybe wasn't one hundred percent serious. Really though, like,

1264
01:06:48.599 --> 01:06:49.440
<v Speaker 4>nobody get one.

1265
01:06:49.880 --> 01:06:53.039
<v Speaker 2>It's like a very slow paced movie about how.

1266
01:06:52.880 --> 01:06:54.119
<v Speaker 3>The apocalypse started.

1267
01:06:54.519 --> 01:06:57.519
<v Speaker 2>So spray some pam on a hairless cat and then

1268
01:06:57.679 --> 01:06:59.880
<v Speaker 2>make it a decorative fascinator.

1269
01:07:00.559 --> 01:07:01.239
<v Speaker 3>Call it a day.

1270
01:07:01.519 --> 01:07:04.480
<v Speaker 2>Okay, now that I fix the world's snail problems.

1271
01:07:04.159 --> 01:07:07.679
<v Speaker 3>Let's wrap this up. And now, what is the suckiest

1272
01:07:07.679 --> 01:07:12.880
<v Speaker 3>thing about your job? Suckiest thing? I guess I wouldn't say.

1273
01:07:12.760 --> 01:07:14.960
<v Speaker 6>It's sucky, but like a lot of jobs, there's a

1274
01:07:15.000 --> 01:07:21.039
<v Speaker 6>lot of sitting at my computer and doing writing and

1275
01:07:22.199 --> 01:07:28.119
<v Speaker 6>emailing and just just general like sit at your desk

1276
01:07:28.199 --> 01:07:31.239
<v Speaker 6>kind of work. There's a small part of the job

1277
01:07:31.320 --> 01:07:35.199
<v Speaker 6>that is going out and collecting or being in collections.

1278
01:07:35.239 --> 01:07:37.360
<v Speaker 6>So that's one of the cool things about being at

1279
01:07:37.360 --> 01:07:40.239
<v Speaker 6>a museum is that if I want to go into

1280
01:07:40.280 --> 01:07:43.519
<v Speaker 6>the field, as it were, my field site might be

1281
01:07:43.880 --> 01:07:47.519
<v Speaker 6>down the hall in the malcologic collection, right, so opening

1282
01:07:47.599 --> 01:07:51.079
<v Speaker 6>drawers in the collection. So that part is I always

1283
01:07:51.119 --> 01:07:53.599
<v Speaker 6>like that part to be more than it is. But

1284
01:07:54.119 --> 01:07:57.719
<v Speaker 6>as it ends up, there's a lot of time that's writing, revising,

1285
01:07:58.199 --> 01:08:00.559
<v Speaker 6>doing analyzes, trying to figure ure out how to get

1286
01:08:00.559 --> 01:08:03.960
<v Speaker 6>analysis to work, trying to you know, figure out how

1287
01:08:04.000 --> 01:08:07.760
<v Speaker 6>to do something analytical to answer a question. It's not

1288
01:08:07.880 --> 01:08:12.400
<v Speaker 6>the times that we're out doing expeditions. That's all very exciting,

1289
01:08:13.039 --> 01:08:16.000
<v Speaker 6>but not not so much the sitting.

1290
01:08:16.520 --> 01:08:19.119
<v Speaker 3>And what is your favorite part about your job or

1291
01:08:19.239 --> 01:08:19.720
<v Speaker 3>do you have a.

1292
01:08:19.680 --> 01:08:22.920
<v Speaker 4>Favorite moment in malacology where you discovered something or you

1293
01:08:22.920 --> 01:08:26.199
<v Speaker 4>were in Hawaii on a bluff and found a species,

1294
01:08:26.199 --> 01:08:27.600
<v Speaker 4>anything crazy like that happened.

1295
01:08:27.640 --> 01:08:31.439
<v Speaker 3>I would I would say it's it's not one moment.

1296
01:08:31.640 --> 01:08:34.199
<v Speaker 6>It's I think, like a lot of scientists, if you

1297
01:08:34.239 --> 01:08:35.800
<v Speaker 6>get to do the work that you like to do,

1298
01:08:36.760 --> 01:08:38.880
<v Speaker 6>and this sounds sentimental, and I don't mean it to

1299
01:08:38.880 --> 01:08:41.359
<v Speaker 6>sound to sound as sentimental as it's going to sound.

1300
01:08:41.680 --> 01:08:45.159
<v Speaker 6>But every day, almost literally every day, there is something

1301
01:08:45.159 --> 01:08:47.439
<v Speaker 6>new that I learn that is amazing to me. And

1302
01:08:47.520 --> 01:08:51.159
<v Speaker 6>it wouldn't I understand it wouldn't be amazing to everybody, right,

1303
01:08:51.560 --> 01:08:54.039
<v Speaker 6>But I think that you know when you're in the

1304
01:08:54.079 --> 01:08:59.000
<v Speaker 6>right kind of job when something that you encounter as

1305
01:08:59.079 --> 01:09:04.720
<v Speaker 6>part of your job is is awesome, Like this is amazing,

1306
01:09:04.960 --> 01:09:07.760
<v Speaker 6>and I didn't know anything about that, like I am.

1307
01:09:08.000 --> 01:09:11.560
<v Speaker 6>I've had training for a decent number of years. I've

1308
01:09:11.560 --> 01:09:15.119
<v Speaker 6>done I've worked on a bunch of different species, and

1309
01:09:15.399 --> 01:09:19.199
<v Speaker 6>still there are so many stories about evolution that you

1310
01:09:19.239 --> 01:09:25.079
<v Speaker 6>can see, uh in organisms that are just absolutely like breathtaking.

1311
01:09:25.239 --> 01:09:26.880
<v Speaker 6>So it's a really in that sense, it's a really

1312
01:09:26.920 --> 01:09:29.920
<v Speaker 6>amazing every day there is the potential for something to

1313
01:09:30.000 --> 01:09:36.199
<v Speaker 6>be absolutely mind blowing, and that's opening a drawer. And

1314
01:09:36.239 --> 01:09:39.560
<v Speaker 6>evolution is my absolute favorite thing to think about and

1315
01:09:40.800 --> 01:09:41.840
<v Speaker 6>talk about and write about.

1316
01:09:42.199 --> 01:09:45.720
<v Speaker 3>So it's just amazing. Oh that's great sentimental, No, I

1317
01:09:45.760 --> 01:09:49.720
<v Speaker 3>love it, Come on, gets snail mental. It's wonderful. It

1318
01:09:49.800 --> 01:09:52.640
<v Speaker 3>is amazing. Oh my god, thank you so good, You're welcome.

1319
01:09:53.119 --> 01:09:56.439
<v Speaker 2>So just keep asking smart people stupid questions, because how

1320
01:09:56.479 --> 01:09:57.720
<v Speaker 2>else does anyone learn anything?

1321
01:09:57.720 --> 01:09:57.960
<v Speaker 3>Ever?

1322
01:09:58.239 --> 01:10:01.479
<v Speaker 2>Really, and just being curious is like the smartest thing

1323
01:10:01.479 --> 01:10:04.199
<v Speaker 2>you can do. Now. To learn more about jan Bendetti,

1324
01:10:04.439 --> 01:10:08.399
<v Speaker 2>you can see her in interviews with the ologies ichthyologist

1325
01:10:08.520 --> 01:10:12.479
<v Speaker 2>guest Chris Thacker. We all loved her on her NHM

1326
01:10:12.520 --> 01:10:15.880
<v Speaker 2>web series The Curiosity Show, and you can also follow

1327
01:10:15.920 --> 01:10:19.960
<v Speaker 2>along with the Citizens Science Malacology role call where they

1328
01:10:20.039 --> 01:10:22.079
<v Speaker 2>go out and count snails in LA. Just check out

1329
01:10:22.079 --> 01:10:26.319
<v Speaker 2>the hashtag snail Blitz. There's also the Slime Project at

1330
01:10:26.439 --> 01:10:27.800
<v Speaker 2>NHM dot org.

1331
01:10:28.119 --> 01:10:28.279
<v Speaker 3>Now.

1332
01:10:28.359 --> 01:10:32.159
<v Speaker 2>Ologies is on Twitter and Instagram at Ologies I'm on

1333
01:10:32.279 --> 01:10:35.279
<v Speaker 2>both at Ali Ward with one L and there's shirts,

1334
01:10:35.439 --> 01:10:39.359
<v Speaker 2>bathing suits, hats and tots and pins are at ologiesmerch

1335
01:10:39.399 --> 01:10:41.760
<v Speaker 2>dot com so sales support the making of the show.

1336
01:10:41.800 --> 01:10:44.079
<v Speaker 2>Thank you Bonnie Dutch and Shannon Feltis for managing that.

1337
01:10:44.399 --> 01:10:47.399
<v Speaker 2>And you can join the Ologies podcast Facebook group for

1338
01:10:47.600 --> 01:10:51.520
<v Speaker 2>nice people in Weird Science that's moderated by Aaron Talbert

1339
01:10:51.520 --> 01:10:55.039
<v Speaker 2>and Hannah Liippo. Thank you admins. Thank you always to

1340
01:10:55.079 --> 01:10:57.920
<v Speaker 2>Stephen Ray Morris. Music is by Nick Thorburn of the

1341
01:10:57.920 --> 01:10:59.800
<v Speaker 2>band Islands, and if you listen to the end of

1342
01:10:59.800 --> 01:11:02.840
<v Speaker 2>the show show By now you know that I divulge

1343
01:11:02.880 --> 01:11:06.039
<v Speaker 2>a secret. And this week when I go to the

1344
01:11:06.079 --> 01:11:08.840
<v Speaker 2>movies with my friend Catherine, she makes us get separate

1345
01:11:08.880 --> 01:11:13.319
<v Speaker 2>popcorn buckets because I eat so much, so fast, and

1346
01:11:13.399 --> 01:11:15.920
<v Speaker 2>I just can't stop myself until I hit the end.

1347
01:11:16.199 --> 01:11:18.840
<v Speaker 2>But I won't eat her share if it's in a

1348
01:11:18.880 --> 01:11:22.079
<v Speaker 2>separate bucket. Okay, bye bye,