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Speaker 2: Humans have been drinking cow's milk for centuries, so why
in the last one hundred and twenty five years have
we started to pasteurize it. Follow me down the rabbit
Hole about the dairy industry. Hello, friends, and welcome back
to the rabbit Hole. I'm your host Danny, and today
we are talking about the dairy industry. Thank you Will,
Carter and Katie for requesting this episode. I am also
very interested in this topic. We drink raw milk in
my house, but we will get more into that towards
the end of the episode. But of course, before we
get started, I love to think our sponsors, so thank
you wise with Gold for sponsor my podcast. Guys, if
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rabbit hole dot Gold right now. And supporting our sponsors
is one of the best ways to support this podcast,
so we really appreciate it. Let's get into the history.
So humans have been drinking cow's milk for more than
ten thousand years. This started with the domestication of goats, sheep,
and cattle during the Neolithic or agricultural Revolution. It started
in the Fertile Crescent region, which is modern day like
Middle East and parts of Europe and South Asia. Leading
up to this, humans were still in the hunter gatherer
stage and only drink milk from their moms in infancy,
rarely drinking milk any other stage of life after infancy.
We have archaeological evidence of milk processing through residue analysis
of ceramics from Anatolia nine thousand years ago. So they
started domesticating large mammals about ten thousand years ago, and
is assumed that that's when the milking started, but actual
evidence goes back at least nine thousand years. In fact,
in Europe about eight thousand years ago, we find evidence
of cheese processing. Ceramics in Libya point to milk processing
about seven thousand years ago, and in Kazakhstan fifty five
hundred years ago. Analysis of dental calculus revealed people were
either drinking milk or some other lac tastes rich drink
five thousand years ago. Why we started drinking milk is
a whole different question in itself, because it seems weird
that one day they just like woke up, looked at
their cow and was like, I wonder what their milk
tastes like. Not I'm not saying that nobody did that.
I'm sure there was like one or two people out
there that was like, hmm, curious, but in general people
probably didn't think that. There are a couple different theories
as to why they started drinking milk from animals. What
makes the most sense to me is that they were
having food shortages and needed substance to get by. There
may have been droughts, poor harvest, or just during the
winter season when they weren't actively growing food that they
needed to supplement with something else and milk was readily available.
Milk literally could have meant the difference between life and death,
especially for children and the elderly. Another theory is just
the domestication theory. With the domestication of animals and humans
settling in one place and farming, they could have begun
to experiment with animal products beyond what the meat could provide,
just to see what they could make, which makes sense
because at the time they weren't necessarily drinking the milk
all the time. They were more consuming it in like
a yogurt form or in a cheese form. They didn't
start like just drinking cow's milk for thousands of years
after they started producing it. They would I guess that's
not true. They would drink it a little bit, but
that wasn't the main way they were using the milk.
The mainstream narrative is that they started drinking cow's milk
for reliable nutrition, which I'm not saying is wrong. Milk
is high in fat, sugar, protein, vitamins, and minerals and
it's consistent right, so as long as you have a
cow and you're milking it every day, you will have milk.
The problem that I have with this theory is that
they might not have known or have had like the
knowledge of nutritional facts at that time. So yes, the
correlation between health and food was made very early, like
the Egyptians documented the use of fermented food and herbs
as early as three thousand BC, and the Indian Irevetic
text from fifteen hundred BC described food as medicine and
emphasized having a balanced diet, and the Greek physician Hippocrates
stated quote, let food be thy medicine in four hundred BC.
But that doesn't mean that they knew what nutritional benefits
came from what food. They us knew that food played
a very vital role in our health. That's not to
say that multiple or all of these theories together can't
be correct. It could be all the things either way.
It wasn't long after the introduction of milk into the
human diet that they started making other dairy products like cheese, yogurt, butter,
and keifer as The evidence suggests. This was likely because
these products lasted much longer than fresh milk, were easier
to digest than raw milk, and reduce the risk of
spoilage and illness. They were trying to find a way
to preserve the foods they had for as long as possible.
Needing easier ways to digest the milk was very important
because originally almost all humans were lactose intolerant. After childhood,
like they could ingest their mother's milk and then they
lost the ability to produce lactasees. Lactase is the enzyme
that digests lactose. Lactose is the sugar found in dairy products.
Just so we kind of understand what's going on here. Historically,
humans lost their ability to digest lactose after weaning from
their mothers. Then about five to seven thousand years ago,
genetics changed this. A genetic mutation appeared that allowed some
humans to keep producing lactase after weaning and on into adulthood.
People with this mutation were often chosen over people without
this mutation to breed with because if a person could
drink milk, they could consume more calories, they were healthier
during famines, and had better survival and reproduction rates. This
led to a rapid spread of the mutation because they
were breeding those people more frequently. This lactase persistence mutation
popped up in the Old World about five different times,
mostly affecting Northern Europe. Some African pastoralist tribes and parts
of the Middle East. Why did cow's milk get so
popular over other animal's milk, Mostly because of the large
quantities of milk the cows produced. They supported more than
just one person on a daily milking, which was good
for big families. Plus, cows thrived many different climates, making
them more durable. So over time, cow's replace goes and
cheap as the primary dairy source in many cultures, and
thus milk became a staple in the human diet. However,
the Industrial Revolution changed the dairy industry drastically. The Industrial
Revolution started in Great Britain around the seventeen sixties and
gradually spread to continental Europe and then to the United
States by eighteen forty. It was a global transition period
toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing practices. While cities
existed long before factories, the Industrial Revolution caused rapid urban
growth as factories concentrated jobs in one place, drawing large
populations and expanding many modern cities. Cities were growing faster
than infrastructure, and milk was traveling a great distance before
actually getting to the consumers. This was the first reason
that people were actually getting sick for milk is because
they used to get their milk and then drink it
pretty quickly after it was milk from the cow. But
this expansion was causing delays in the consumption of the
milk because it took a couple days for them to
even get the milk initially, and then it wouldn't last
as long, so people were starting to get sick. To
meet the new demands of the growing populations, distilleries started
popping up in major cities. Milk and spirits were of
the top beverages because milk was such an important part
of the human diet at that point. Turns out cows
actually will eat the byproducts of spirit distillation, so it
seemed perfect right. They needed this milk and they wanted spirits.
People were drinking beer, spirits, all the things. They would
just feed the cows the barley after it was used
to brew the beer, and then they could save loads
of money because they're like, perfect, it's a two for one.
We get to use it for the milk and for
the beer. However, this was not what was best for
the cows. Cows need grass. Til this point, they didn't
know any different. They had always been eating grass. That's
why they were so surprised when the cows would eat
the byproduct from brewing the beer. Really, any living creature
thrives best in its natural environment, and up until this point,
most people were getting their milk from either their own
cow or from a local farmer who had cows. These
cows were living in pastures and eating grass like a
cow does, but once they were brought to the cities,
they were living in these really confined spaces. The sanitation
was super minimal because at the time sanitation wasn't even
really a consideration, and they were standing in their own
filth a lot of the time. They weren't living in
pastures like they historically were. They weren't living in their
normal habitat, and this makes with the little nutritional value
that they were getting from the used barley and whatever
other byproducts they were being fed, the cows were getting
really sick, so sick that in some illustrations from the time,
the cows were literally being held up by a harness
and pulley system from the ceiling so that way the
farmers couldn't milk it. They like literally couldn't even stand
they were so sick. And on top of the cows
being sick, The workers handling the milk were dirty too.
They didn't wash their hands like just wasn't common practice
back then, and they really had no regard for sanitation
in any way. They weren't getting rid of the cow poop.
They were just letting the cows stand in it. It
was just filthy all around. And then they were giving
this milk to you to drink. Mothers were giving it
to their babies because children were used to drinking milk.
Sick cows were then producing what was called swill milk.
It was this pale, bluish milk that was unfit for
butter or cheesemaking. The only way to drink it was
to thicken it with starch and eggs, whiten it with
plaster of Paris, and then sweeten it with molasses, and
that only made it very barely tolerable, and people noticed
the difference because they were used to drinking fresh, raw milk. Nevertheless,
the milk was marketed as country fresh. They weren't concerned
with the health of the cows at all, or even
in the health of the people drinking the milk. They
were only concerned about their profit margins. How cheaply they
could produce the milk and how much they could then
sell it for because that made their profit margins larger.
During the same time as the Industrial Revolution, there was
the expansion westward in the United States. This started in
the early eighteen hundreds with Louisiana Purchase and with the
Lewis and Clark Expedition, but continued on through the eighteen
hundreds and in frontier areas along the Ohio River Valley,
cows began eating a plant called white snakeroot or rich weed.
It almost looks like baby's breath. It's this plant with
little white flowers, and most people wouldn't be able to
tell the difference. The plant and its properties were unfamiliar
to settlers because they just had never encountered it before,
and they didn't know that they shouldn't let their cows
eat it. But also, the cows are just grazing as
they're being moved across the country. Little did they know
this plant was poisoning the cows with trimodol and in
turn their meat and their milk. The illness from this
was called milk sickness or trimadol vomiting that sometimes included
trimmering vomiting and severe intestinal pain. In animals, trimadol poisoning
is known as trimbles because they would get fine muscle
trimmers in their nose and their flanks and their legs. However,
there are other signs of this poison as well, so
the animals will show initial signs of depression, reluctance to
move or eat, and just general inactivity, especially when like
the animals were moving before. Now all of a sudden, they're
not moving. That's kind of a red flag. Then they
would get the trimbles and vomiting would start, and as
the condition progresses, they develop a stiff gate, altered posture,
muscle weakness, inability to stand, and they could go into
a coma and then potentially die. And it wasn't just
people that was getting sick from the cows drinking this milk.
Because they would drink the milk, they'd get trimatal poisoning.
Then their calves would come and nurse the cows would
get sick, and oftentimes they would die as well because
the milk was poisoning them. Milk sickness claimed the lives
of thousands of people in the Midwest, so for the
first time in history, people started getting really sick from
the milk they were drinking. And this all kind of
happened all the same time. In the eighteen hundreds. You
have milk traveling long distances, you've got unsanitary practices of
the milk production, and you've got these cows eating things
that they've never eaten before that is actually poisoning them
and causing them to get really sick and in turn
poisoning the people that are drinking the products. And as
far as cities go, no one seemed to make the
connection that this was the first time they weren't personally
milking the cows or buying the milk from a local
farmer where they could actually put eyes on the cow
and see it. Before the milk processing plants were a thing,
people could verify the health of the cow they were
getting their milk from, so they could see that the
cows were healthy. By the mid eighteen hundreds, milk was
linked to alarming rates of illness and death, particularly in
infants and in children. Mothers continued to feed their children's
swim milk, not knowing that it was making their kids sick.
They knew it tasted weird, but they didn't really know
why people were getting tuberculosis, typhoid fever, cholera, diphtheria, and
scarlet fever from contaminated milk. In New York City during
eighteen seventy, the infant mortality rate rose twenty percent and
stayed there for the next four years. And that's only
one example of how sick people were getting from this milk.
This is where pasteurization comes in, and it makes a
lot of sense. When you put all these pieces together,
people are like, the milk is making us sick. We
have to do something about it. Pasteurization is named after
the French microbiologist Louis Pasture, whose research in the eighteen
sixties demonstrated that thermal processing would deactivate unwanted microorganisms in wine,
so this process was soon to be used in milk. Firstly,
pasteurization is the process of food preservation in which packaged
foods are treated with a mild heat to eliminate pathogens
and extend shelf life. This process either just droys or
deactivates microorganisms and enzymes that contribute to food spoilage or
the risk of disease. In eighteen eighty two, the first
commercial pasteurizer for milk was developed, in Germany. This product
was based off of Louis Pastor's research. However, Pasteor never
pasteurized milk. He only ever used it for wine. Everybody
else was using it for milk. They based it on
his research, but he never intended it for milk, and
Pastor was not the first person to use heat to
kill bacteria, but prior to him, heat treatments involved high
temperature and often prolonged periods of heating to achieve sterilization.
Although safety and qualities were improved, this method often changed
the taste and texture of the product. For most foods,
this didn't really matter because they're packaged, they were solid,
but it did really matter for milk because sterilized milk
had a very different taste to fresh milk. Pasteurized milk
is heated for a relatively short time and then wrap
cooled so it's kept cool. It's heated up, and then
it's rapidly cooled again. Regular pasturized milk is heated to
one hundred and sixty one degrees for about fifteen seconds.
Ultra pasturized milk is heated to a higher temperature. I
can't remember exactly which one, and it's only heated to
that temperature for two seconds until they rapidly cool it.
That's the difference between like ultra pastorization and regular pastorization
when you're in the grocery store looking at those things.
Commercial pasturizing machines for milk were introduced in the US
in eighteen ninety five. The first major commercial use of
pasteurized milk occurred in eighteen ninety seven, when the New
South Wales Fresh Food and Ice Company in Australia advertised
its pasteurized milk and started its campaign towards this method.
Milk pasturization became widespread in the US in the nineteen
twenties with the creation of the Standard Milk Ordinance, which
was developed by the US Public Health Service. In the US,
there was also another approach to the dirty milk problem.
Daiies needed to be certified clean by the American Association
of Medical Milk Commissions. They would get inspections and had
to commit to wiping teats before and after milking, washing hands,
and sterilizing milk utensils, things that totally make sense to us,
but just wasn't commonplace back in the day. Unfortunately, being
certified clean was a lot more expensive than pasteurization was,
even though At the time, it seemed like citizens were
pushing more for this option because they were used to
raw milk and wanted to keep drinking it that way. Plus,
the idea of cooked milk just really did not appeal
to the general public. They understood that cooking the milk
would kill everything in the milk, not just the bad bacteria,
it also kills the good bacteria. This is when campaigns
re educating the public about pasteurized milk started to be
plastered everywhere with promises of scientific progress and methods they
could trust. The campaigns really never stopped after that the
people weren't buying in, but after celebrity endorsements, milk campaigns
and a lot of government funding, public opinion did start
to sway. Babe Ruth was one of the first celebrities
to be used in a milk advertisement, but was definitely
not the last. In nineteen forty six, Lord Victor Rothschild
introduced a motion to the House of Lords that pushed
the institutionalization of pasteurized milk in the UK, emphasizing how
dangerous raw milk is and that it's a source of
serious disease and death in the UK. Some lords did
push back a little bit due to the economic concerns
on small producer retailers and the technical challenges, but ultimately
most lords were for the idea, which makes you wonder
how much money did the Rothschild family stand to gain
from this move to pastorization? Were they the moneyman behind it?
And I actually looked it up because I wanted to know,
But it's so long ago, and most of the sources
say it was like government funded, which I don't fully
buy into, but they don't have a specific money trail
in the nineteen forties. To this day, raw milk still
has the reputation for being unsafe. The Center for Disease
Control and Prevention says improperly handled raw milk is responsible
for nearly three times more hospitalizations than any other food
born disease source, making it one of the world's most
dangerous food products. And when I read that, that's why
I went to Instagram and I asked you all, if
you drink raw milk, have you ever gotten sick from it?
Because we do drink raw milk. We've never gotten sick
from it. And everybody that I know that drinks raw
milk has not gotten sick from it. But I was like,
maybe I just haven't figured it out. Maybe I just
haven't met somebody that drinks raw milk and gets really
sick from it. None of you have either, and in fact,
any government run site will tell you the same thing.
They're all pushing this narrative that raw milk is dangerous
and should be avoided at all costs. Although pasteurizing the
milk doesn't destroy the vitamins and minerals found in the milk,
it does kill all bacteria, good and bad. The largest
concentration of bacteria in your body is found in your gut,
and we're talking like up to a thousand species of bacteria.
The gut is critical in digesting nutrients and fiber, regulating
your immune system. It affects the central nervous system, which
controls brain function and protects the body against microbes and
toxin that can cause harm to you. An imbalance of
healthy and unhealthy microbes is sometimes called gut dyspiosis and
can contribute to weight gain. The gut has been called
the second brain because it contains more than one hundred
million neurons, which is more than either the spinal cord
or the peripheral nervous system. In fact, about ninety percent
of the fibers in the vegus nerve carry information from
the gut to the brain, not the other way around.
So the gut can influence our mood, depression, anxiety, and
so much more about our body. It is imperative to
your health that you have a healthy gut mind microbiome.
A study published in the National Library of Medicine on
May nineteen, twenty twenty, concluded quote intake of unpasteurized milk
and dairy products appear to be associated with the growth
of the probiotic bacterial genesis lactobacillis in the human gut.
Lactobacillis is a friendly microbe that has been found to
be helpful against things like ibs, colic and babies, intestinal inflammation,
gastritis which is like stomach pain, hay fever, allergies, candieta,
liver disease, gallbladder problems, constipation and diarrhea, arthritis, yeast infections,
and UTIs. And in the study they found a significant
increase in lactobacillis that could be huge for some people
with gut issues, but also is good for just the
everyday person to keep their gut in check. So they
don't start to have gut issues, and according to the experts,
the best place to get this microbe is from fermented foods,
but the study proved that raw milk is also a
great place to get this microbe. Outside of the benefits
we are not getting from drinking pasteurized milk, it's also
hard to say what they may be adding to the
milk when they pasteurize it. There are some milks that
are fortified with vitamins A and D, and while fortification
isn't necessarily bad, there are some issues with it that
we should talk about. For example, it could lead to
the over consumption of certain nutrients. In this case, vitamin
A and detoxicity are pretty rare, but it could happen
if someone is taking a lot of supplements and then
drinking fortified milk as well. But over consumption could also
lead to other things like liver damage. Fortification of vitamin
A is not required for all milks. However, reduced fat
and skim milks are required to be fortified with vitamin
A at a minimum of two thousand international unit or IU,
but it's optional for whole milk. Not to say that
they're not doing it for whole milk is just not required.
All fluid pasteurized milk must be fortified with vitamin D
at a minimum of four hundred IU. This is standard
practice in the US, and it makes you wonder what
else they could potentially put in your milk. I did
look in to see if they could potentially put vaccines
in milk, because I know that's a big concern right
now with them putting different things in our food. As
of right now, it's not possible because of the temperatures
vaccines have to be kept at in order to be viable,
but that doesn't mean that it won't be possible in
the future. At the time pasteurization was first coming around,
it did make a lot of sense because there's a
lot of different issues with the milk. Totally makes sense
to keep the milk safe. But now we know a
lot more about germs and sanitary practices and what was
making the cows and in turn the milk actually sick.
So why are they still pushing this narrative that raw
milk is unsafe and dangerous. It just doesn't make any
sense until you get down to the grassroots of it.
Food independence. If you can get milk straight from your
local farmer. There is no need for massive processing plants,
national distribution systems, or corporate middlemen. It comes down to
the money and the power. Pasteurization centralizes power. It forces
milk through facilities that require licenses, inspections, equipment, and capital,
most of which small farmers can't or just won't afford,
and that pushes food production into the hands of large
corporations that are easier for governments to regulate, tax and influence.
It also allows for the dependency on industrial systems to continue.
The big milk corporations don't have to be accountable for
the health of their animals because it doesn't matter. They
can fix any issues with the milk after the fact,
which means they can treat the animals really poorly. They
can keep them in a facility on concrete instead of pastures,
or in pastures that don't actually have any grass them,
and they can feed them the cheapest thing because it
just doesn't matter. They're going to pasturize the milk anyway,
you wouldn't know if this cow is sick. Instead of
demanding healthier cows and cleaner farms, people are so removed
from the process that the system tolerates overcrowding, stressed animals,
and just lower standards in general. This keeps industrial agriculture
profitable while eliminating competition from small, higher quality farms. And
then when people do go to local farmers and the
farmers are charging more for a half gallon of milk
than what you would pay at the grocery store for
a full gallon of milk, people are getting mad. They're like,
I don't want to pay the higher prices to get
this raw milk. But also the practices to get that
raw milk are typically more sanitary and better for the
cow and better for you than whatever you're buying at
the grocery store. But also, knowing your local farmer and
building that relationship with them means you trust them more,
which means you will start opting out of the corporate
food pyramid more and more. Honestly, it's a slippery slope.
Once you go to local food sources for your food
instead of getting it from the store, you start to
realize there's a lot of things you can make yourself.
You start making your own bread, you start buying your
milk locally, buying your eggs locally, you start buying local meat,
you start going to the grocery store less. Frankly, pasteurization
makes milk easier to standardize, modify, and fortify, which we
talked about. Once the milk is processed, it can be skimmed, recombined, homogenized, branded, marketed.
It's now a controlled commodity rather than a natural food.
This way, they can align it with their dietary guidelines,
school programs, and industrial feeding systems, which are all government run,
by the way. And on top of all this, it
reinforces trust and institutions over personal judgment. The message becomes
you are not qualified to decide what's safe for yourself,
what's safe for your family. Only the experts and regulators are.
And so many people have bought into this now. But
they will tell you can't drink raw milk, it will
make you sick. They don't even know that raw milk
is not making people sick. They don't even know the
history behind why pastorization started. They are just so bought
in to the pastorization that they don't even look past it.
Buying raw milk challenges the system. It's pushing back by
implying that individuals can assess risk on their own, know
their source and make informed decisions without the input of
the government. We don't need them to make our decisions.
We can make our own decisions. Raw milk isn't dangerous.
They just want you to continue to rely on them.
But there is really good news. Raw milk is not illegal.
Contrary to popular belief, most people think it's illegal, it's not.
There are four states in which the sale or distribution
of raw milk for human consumption is illegal. So if
you live in those four states, you have to get
raw milk somewhere else, or you should just move in
thirty three estates. Retail sales or on farm sales are
legal now. On farm sales look different in each state,
so you need to look up the laws specifically in
your state. In my state, we have on farm sales,
which literally means you can go to a farm and
buy milk, but also it means that milk can be
delivered to you. We were buying milk for a little
while where it was a delivery service, but we all
it was delivered to a parking lot where we would
go and pick it up, so they didn't actually bring
it to my house, although that's an option as well.
But I'm here to tell you that raw milk tastes
very similar to pasteurized milk, so I can't actually tell
a difference. My husband can a little bit. I can
tell when the milk is kind of on its last legs,
so when it's starting to turn, it has this cheesy taste.
It just tastes a little off, and that's when we
just decide not to drink that milk anymore. We can
still drink it, we just don't like the flavor. And
when they go in the winter to being more paid
instead of grazing in the grass, we can tell a
difference then, but ultimately to us it doesn't. The taste
doesn't change that much. It's not so drastic that I
can drink a glass of pasteurized milk for his raw
milk and know the difference. So if you're worried about taste,
not a concern. One of the greatest benefits we've seen
from drinking the raw milk in our house versus drinking
pastorized milk is my son who had chronic diaper rash
his entire first year of life. We could not get
rid of it. He had egzema, he had dipper rash,
He was bleeding every single diaper change. We could not
figure it out, and we were putting the diaper rash
cream on it. We took him to the pediatrician. They said,
here's some steroids. Put that on there, and I asked him.
I was like, you're fine with me putting steroids in
the diaper area for a prolonged period of time. They're like,
there are no issues with that, And to me, I
was not comfortable with that. That did not seem like
a good solution to this diaper rash problem. Once we
started giving him raw milk instead of the formula and
the breast milk that we were giving him prior, all
of his skin issues cleared up. Within three days, he
was completely clear. He has not had another diper rash since.
That's not true because sometimes when we're out and about
and we forgot milk, we do have to just buy
pasteurized milk at the grocery store, at the convenience store
or whatever, so we can give him some milk and
we can tell that he's had pasteurized milk because he
gets a diper rash again. But the raw milk cleared
him up and he has not had another skin issue since.
I steam the milk to go in our coffees every morning.
We use it in all of our cooking, all of
our baking, all anything that you would use milk for,
you can use raw milk for. There's no issues. And
again I asked on social media if anyone has ever
had any issues with raw milk, ever gotten sick from
raw milk. It's one of the most dangerous foods out
there according to the CDC. And every single person I
know says they've never gotten sick. They've drank raw milk
most of their lives. They've never gotten sick. They've never
nothing's ever been an issue for them. And that's you, guys.
I asked you. The key is to trust the source.
You know what a cow should be eating. Most people
can look at a cow and tell if it's really
sick or if it's not. Knowledge is power in this situation.
And now that you know that pastorization is not necessary
for your milk, I hope that most of you would
start to look into laws and see if you can
buy raw milk, and maybe you try it. You don't
like it, that's fine, but the effects that it can
have on your gut is amazing. And the effects that
it can have on your brain, just knowing that you're
pushing back against the man a little bit more. But
of course, until next week, my friends, stay skeptical, and
I will see you all then. Hey, friends. The rabbit
Hole is an independent podcast written, hosted, and produced by
me Danny Mercy. Special thanks to Lindsay for research and writing.
If you love the podcast, please leave us a five
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