WEBVTT 1 00:00:21.600 --> 00:00:25.960 Oh boy, we've got another show for you today. And hey, 2 00:00:26.000 --> 00:00:29.079 welcome to Earth Agients. I hope you're doing well today. 3 00:00:29.120 --> 00:00:35.759 This is Cliff the host of the podcast Earth Ancients. Yeah, 4 00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:38.840 I'd love you. Glad you could join us. So much 5 00:00:38.880 --> 00:00:41.320 going on right now. If you didn't get a chance 6 00:00:41.359 --> 00:00:48.560 to see the graphics the scans from the Barabar Caves 7 00:00:48.600 --> 00:00:52.479 in India, which is what Johanna James was talking about 8 00:00:52.520 --> 00:00:54.679 last week, you should check them out. I had a 9 00:00:54.759 --> 00:00:59.000 chance to review the scans and there's no way these 10 00:00:59.039 --> 00:01:02.719 were cut by hand. Their machine cut and it's cut 11 00:01:02.719 --> 00:01:07.879 into solid granite. And there's seven different caves in this 12 00:01:08.120 --> 00:01:13.280 system of India, Barra Bar Cave. And you know it's 13 00:01:13.280 --> 00:01:16.560 funny because a lot of people are like, well, no, no, no. 14 00:01:17.519 --> 00:01:20.400 If you've got a PhD gonna you're gonna say no, 15 00:01:20.439 --> 00:01:23.799 there's there's no machinery three thousand years ago that can 16 00:01:23.840 --> 00:01:24.159 do that. 17 00:01:24.840 --> 00:01:25.840 It's all handcut. 18 00:01:25.920 --> 00:01:31.200 And then here we go with the academic discourse of 19 00:01:31.319 --> 00:01:34.840 telling us what we don't know. And when you get 20 00:01:34.840 --> 00:01:37.000 an engineer to look at these things, which a lot 21 00:01:37.079 --> 00:01:41.719 of times this is where we're finding huge anomalies, especially 22 00:01:41.840 --> 00:01:45.439 in the ancient past, where artifacts are cut by machines 23 00:01:45.719 --> 00:01:49.560 and formed by machines, and there's no way in hell 24 00:01:49.680 --> 00:01:54.680 copper chisels or tools of any kind other than cutting. 25 00:01:54.799 --> 00:01:59.439 High speed cutting tools, lasers or other cutting devices that 26 00:01:59.599 --> 00:02:05.200 we don't know about, are used to cut buildings, stone work, 27 00:02:06.319 --> 00:02:10.159 and in this case caves. And you got to see these, 28 00:02:10.400 --> 00:02:12.319 and you can see them by the way on the 29 00:02:12.360 --> 00:02:16.719 Facebook page. Got to Facebook, go to Earth Ancients and 30 00:02:16.759 --> 00:02:23.599 look under Johanna James' podcast, and you see that when 31 00:02:23.639 --> 00:02:29.479 they did these inner scans, the carving is done elegantly, 32 00:02:30.439 --> 00:02:35.159 and it's done in huge blocks. Whoever is holding the 33 00:02:35.199 --> 00:02:38.840 device that's cutting, or if it is, I mean, it's 34 00:02:38.840 --> 00:02:42.000 so perfect. It looks like the cuts are done by 35 00:02:42.039 --> 00:02:46.639 some monstrous tool. And I think the other thing that 36 00:02:46.800 --> 00:02:50.759 was of great interest to Johanna was the fact that 37 00:02:50.800 --> 00:02:56.319 the polishes of such a high degree that it reflects 38 00:02:57.319 --> 00:03:00.240 reflects light. And now the one other thing, if you 39 00:03:00.240 --> 00:03:02.919 remember in that interview, that was curious was the fact 40 00:03:02.919 --> 00:03:08.520 that the acoustics it's cut to act acoustic tolerances or 41 00:03:09.199 --> 00:03:15.240 audio tolerances, and so perhaps it was used for some 42 00:03:15.360 --> 00:03:19.759 kind of communication device, or it was used for healing, 43 00:03:20.479 --> 00:03:24.759 or it was used for meditation. We don't know, and 44 00:03:24.800 --> 00:03:27.719 I'd love to have a follow up on that cave 45 00:03:27.759 --> 00:03:33.680 to see if they have done healing work or even meditation, 46 00:03:34.639 --> 00:03:39.159 because I know as a meditator that in there's certain buildings, 47 00:03:39.199 --> 00:03:42.840 ancient buildings I've been into. If I sat and closed 48 00:03:42.840 --> 00:03:48.599 my eyes and began meditating, I would go very very deep, 49 00:03:49.360 --> 00:03:53.319 almost to a you know, a deeper level of consciousness. 50 00:03:54.319 --> 00:03:59.120 And I was very tuned to that location, and I 51 00:03:59.159 --> 00:04:01.599 think if I'd know a different kind of meditation, I 52 00:04:01.800 --> 00:04:04.680 probably would have been able to leave my body and 53 00:04:04.719 --> 00:04:07.960 do what they call bilocate, which is you are in 54 00:04:08.039 --> 00:04:12.560 one place physically, but there's your consciousness can extend beyond 55 00:04:12.599 --> 00:04:16.920 your body and move around outside of it. I haven't 56 00:04:17.360 --> 00:04:22.319 haven't done that, but if you study different techniques of meditation, 57 00:04:22.800 --> 00:04:26.839 some of them encourage by location. Well so hard to say, 58 00:04:26.879 --> 00:04:30.519 but check that out. Barra Bar Caves of India, and 59 00:04:30.560 --> 00:04:33.000 those are on the Facebook pages of Earth Ancients, go 60 00:04:33.040 --> 00:04:38.360 to the group or the international page. The other thing 61 00:04:38.360 --> 00:04:40.879 I want to talk about briefly is I posted a 62 00:04:40.959 --> 00:04:48.240 discovery in north of Carahan Teppee in in Turkey, and 63 00:04:48.279 --> 00:04:55.240 this is a place called sepher Tepi se feer Tepi Tepe. 64 00:04:55.839 --> 00:04:59.439 They have found the remains of a skeleton and this 65 00:04:59.519 --> 00:05:02.920 is very very rare. And what it looks like is 66 00:05:02.720 --> 00:05:09.120 this skeleton, the skull, part of the skeleton has petrified. 67 00:05:09.279 --> 00:05:14.879 It's stone. Now that means that this site is extremely old. 68 00:05:15.720 --> 00:05:18.959 Not twelve thousand years, It might be twenty to forty 69 00:05:19.040 --> 00:05:21.600 or more thousand years. How does it how long does 70 00:05:21.680 --> 00:05:24.680 it take for stone to turn the bone, for bone 71 00:05:24.720 --> 00:05:28.360 to turn to stone to be petrified. And this is 72 00:05:28.959 --> 00:05:33.399 mind blowing. One of the things I didn't mention when 73 00:05:33.399 --> 00:05:38.040 we were talking about Kraahan Teppe. By the way, the 74 00:05:38.120 --> 00:05:41.680 Karrahan Teppie book will be featured on the program with 75 00:05:41.879 --> 00:05:44.519 the author Andrew Collins in a few weeks, so we'll 76 00:05:44.560 --> 00:05:51.079 talk with him about that. But this discovery is very 77 00:05:51.199 --> 00:05:54.480 very strange. And I was looking at the skull. It's 78 00:05:54.519 --> 00:05:58.639 a different kind of human, it's another subset of humans. 79 00:05:58.639 --> 00:06:04.720 So now here we go again, more experiments, more hominin creatures, 80 00:06:04.800 --> 00:06:08.279 humanlike creatures being placed in various parts of the world 81 00:06:08.759 --> 00:06:14.279 to see if they survive. Now, were these human who 82 00:06:14.360 --> 00:06:17.360 built kra hand Tippy and the other tepees, kara hand 83 00:06:17.360 --> 00:06:22.279 Tippy and so on, were they a subset of Homo 84 00:06:22.279 --> 00:06:27.920 sapien sapien where they are ancestors, or perhaps were these 85 00:06:28.040 --> 00:06:34.199 the earlier people from another epoch prior to the Ice Age. 86 00:06:34.639 --> 00:06:38.920 Are these our ancestors? It's really curious. So we're going 87 00:06:38.959 --> 00:06:42.000 to follow that closely because this could be a very 88 00:06:42.040 --> 00:06:48.199 major discovery that is a subset of our current ancestry, 89 00:06:48.800 --> 00:06:53.600 our hominin ancestry, which would be fabulous to know about. 90 00:06:53.680 --> 00:06:57.319 So keep your eye on that because that's a very 91 00:06:57.439 --> 00:07:02.439 very important discovery. On to today. Today's program is with 92 00:07:02.519 --> 00:07:04.759 doctor Greg Little. We haven't had Greg on for about 93 00:07:04.759 --> 00:07:08.160 a year. He has written a new book called Native 94 00:07:08.199 --> 00:07:13.680 American Mound and Earthworks, a Field Journal Number one, and 95 00:07:13.759 --> 00:07:17.120 this is a very important book because there's a great 96 00:07:17.160 --> 00:07:21.360 deal of new discovery within the mound builders and earthworks 97 00:07:21.399 --> 00:07:24.639 of the United States. And what he's going to talk 98 00:07:24.639 --> 00:07:27.800 about today is kind of mind bending because some of 99 00:07:27.839 --> 00:07:34.040 the discoveries, some of the excavations have uncovered some new 100 00:07:34.120 --> 00:07:40.040 data that really throws the timeline of the mound builders 101 00:07:40.079 --> 00:07:43.319 to really really many thousands of years before. And a 102 00:07:43.360 --> 00:07:45.879 filled journal is something that I used to use. When 103 00:07:45.920 --> 00:07:49.920 you're at a new site, you take notes, you write 104 00:07:50.000 --> 00:07:52.160 some diagrams, but he is showing us how to do 105 00:07:52.199 --> 00:07:57.439 a brief filed journal, and he's really suggesting that more 106 00:07:57.439 --> 00:08:01.319 people go to these mounds. And I may do a 107 00:08:01.360 --> 00:08:06.720 tour at Kahokia later next year twenty twenty five, simply 108 00:08:06.720 --> 00:08:11.040 because I've never been there. And the other thing to 109 00:08:11.439 --> 00:08:14.319 be aware of when we go to these places is 110 00:08:14.759 --> 00:08:19.600 that many of the sites, especially the central mound or 111 00:08:19.639 --> 00:08:24.040 pyramidal structure, is built on a tolleric or energetic or 112 00:08:24.160 --> 00:08:28.120 lay line, and you can by closing your eyes and 113 00:08:28.240 --> 00:08:32.120 quieting your mind, you can actually fill the energy there. 114 00:08:32.159 --> 00:08:35.080 So this is bringing up some of the areas that 115 00:08:35.200 --> 00:08:39.080 I really believe is important, which is subtle energy and 116 00:08:39.279 --> 00:08:43.919 the use of it in cultural development as well as 117 00:08:44.120 --> 00:08:50.000 meditative healing and cosmological processes. And we'll get into that 118 00:08:50.080 --> 00:08:56.159 today with Greg. So today's program is American Mounds and Earthworks, 119 00:08:56.159 --> 00:09:03.000 and my guest is doctor Greg Little. Hey. We're in 120 00:09:03.039 --> 00:09:05.600 the summer months right now and people are thinking about 121 00:09:05.600 --> 00:09:10.320 getting away for a vacation. Perhaps you have time during 122 00:09:10.360 --> 00:09:15.120 the fall October November December for a one week getaway. 123 00:09:15.720 --> 00:09:18.720 Earth Ancients has one of the best tour groups around 124 00:09:18.799 --> 00:09:21.519 and we are going to be in Mexico for our 125 00:09:21.600 --> 00:09:26.360 Sacred Temples of Yucatan, Mexico November eighth to the seventeenth. 126 00:09:26.440 --> 00:09:31.200 We meet in Merida, the capital city of Yukatan, and 127 00:09:31.360 --> 00:09:35.200 we have a fantastic itinerary. Not only will we see 128 00:09:35.200 --> 00:09:40.480 the classic chichinitza ushmol Ek Balam and many of the 129 00:09:40.559 --> 00:09:46.559 smaller sites like Sail Labna and Mayapan, but we have 130 00:09:46.759 --> 00:09:53.039 selected sites that are perfect for climbing, for connecting with buildings, 131 00:09:53.320 --> 00:09:59.279 for meditating an actual intention creation work on this tour. 132 00:10:00.080 --> 00:10:04.960 For more information and the full itinerary, go to Earthancients 133 00:10:05.000 --> 00:10:09.320 dot com Forward slash tours and you'll see the banner 134 00:10:09.320 --> 00:10:13.720 from Mexico November eighth to the seventeenth. If you have 135 00:10:13.759 --> 00:10:16.559 any questions whatsoever, send me an email. Send it to 136 00:10:17.039 --> 00:10:20.440 Earth Ancients the number four the letter you at gmail 137 00:10:20.519 --> 00:10:21.879 dot com and. 138 00:10:21.840 --> 00:10:22.919 I'll get right back to you. 139 00:10:23.600 --> 00:10:26.799 The Sacred Temples of Mexico is a unique tour because 140 00:10:26.840 --> 00:10:30.600 we have selected sites that you can actually connect with physically, 141 00:10:30.679 --> 00:10:53.320 mentally and spiritually. Earthgents dot com Forward slash tours. 142 00:11:15.879 --> 00:11:17.639 So he's fun to talk to. Greg Little. 143 00:11:17.799 --> 00:11:22.039 He is an authority on the Native American mound and 144 00:11:22.159 --> 00:11:25.919 earthworks We've had Greg on a few times in the past. 145 00:11:25.919 --> 00:11:29.679 He's probably one of the top people when it comes 146 00:11:29.720 --> 00:11:35.080 to understanding the reason, the purpose and the construction. 147 00:11:34.639 --> 00:11:36.080 Of earthworks and mounds. 148 00:11:36.840 --> 00:11:38.519 And if you're not familiar with him, he's written a 149 00:11:38.600 --> 00:11:43.480 number of great books, including The Mound Builders, Half of 150 00:11:43.559 --> 00:11:47.320 the Souls, Magnificent Origins. That's a co written book with 151 00:11:47.440 --> 00:11:52.080 the Andrew Collins, Mounds and Earthworks, and a new book 152 00:11:52.240 --> 00:11:56.080 that we're talking about today is called Native American Mound 153 00:11:56.639 --> 00:12:00.720 and Earthwork Filled Journal Number one. And I got to 154 00:12:00.720 --> 00:12:03.799 tell you I was talking to Greg just before we started, 155 00:12:04.279 --> 00:12:07.039 as I'm talking about me. When we get out and 156 00:12:07.080 --> 00:12:10.440 we do our tours and I go to these ancient sites, 157 00:12:10.799 --> 00:12:15.200 having a field journal is a great tool to sketch 158 00:12:15.240 --> 00:12:19.039 your ideas, your notes and scribbles whatever, because you can't 159 00:12:19.120 --> 00:12:22.759 keep this in your head a year later, and it's 160 00:12:22.799 --> 00:12:25.879 a great way to reference sites. So hey, Greg gat 161 00:12:25.919 --> 00:12:28.360 to see Welcome back to Earth Ancients. 162 00:12:28.480 --> 00:12:31.559 Thanks Cliff. It's always a pleasure. I know you get 163 00:12:31.600 --> 00:12:35.080 around quite a bit. And I will say this about that, 164 00:12:35.200 --> 00:12:38.480 this is the field journal book I made that because 165 00:12:38.480 --> 00:12:41.960 of my own stupidity the last few years I've been 166 00:12:41.960 --> 00:12:45.200 going through thousands and thousands of photos that we took 167 00:12:45.240 --> 00:12:49.120 starting in nineteen eighty three when we beget my wife 168 00:12:49.159 --> 00:12:53.399 and I began this mound project, and I'm looking at 169 00:12:53.399 --> 00:12:55.919 a lot of these photos have no idea where they 170 00:12:56.000 --> 00:13:00.240 came from, where we took them. Sometimes the day and 171 00:13:00.320 --> 00:13:03.080 those old printed out photos is on there, but I 172 00:13:03.120 --> 00:13:05.799 can't reconstruct where a lot of them came from. We 173 00:13:05.919 --> 00:13:09.480 got better as time went on in labeling them, and 174 00:13:09.519 --> 00:13:12.120 I also had experiences at a number of sites that 175 00:13:12.279 --> 00:13:16.559 I really could not tell where I had them. So 176 00:13:17.120 --> 00:13:20.000 that is why I did this. And a lot of 177 00:13:20.039 --> 00:13:23.879 people are really interested in connecting with a site, kind 178 00:13:23.879 --> 00:13:27.480 of mentally connecting. You know, you go to sites. I know, 179 00:13:27.519 --> 00:13:30.159 you do tours to a lot of sites, and people 180 00:13:30.200 --> 00:13:34.120 get feelings and impressions, and if they don't write that 181 00:13:34.320 --> 00:13:38.480 down shortly either when they're there shortly after, like if 182 00:13:38.519 --> 00:13:40.559 they get on a bus when you're in Egypt or 183 00:13:40.600 --> 00:13:42.960 somewhere and they get on a bus, should really write 184 00:13:42.960 --> 00:13:45.519 that stuff down then so you can remember it later. 185 00:13:45.960 --> 00:13:49.399 Otherwise it will fade. If you go to enough sites, 186 00:13:49.480 --> 00:13:52.840 you will not be able to distinguish or remember where 187 00:13:52.879 --> 00:13:56.159 certain things happen. But thanks for mentioning it. I probably 188 00:13:56.200 --> 00:13:59.440 won't mention it again, but we can talk about We're. 189 00:13:58.879 --> 00:14:00.840 Going to talk about it because I want you to 190 00:14:00.960 --> 00:14:07.559 give us some references, and because in essence, you've distilled 191 00:14:08.559 --> 00:14:13.000 an archaeological review and a survey of a site down 192 00:14:13.080 --> 00:14:18.799 to key points, key references, references in how to take 193 00:14:18.840 --> 00:14:22.080 a quick review of a site, which is really what 194 00:14:22.159 --> 00:14:22.720 you're doing. 195 00:14:23.120 --> 00:14:23.679 And that's it. 196 00:14:23.799 --> 00:14:26.600 You just need the basics to get through. And it's 197 00:14:26.600 --> 00:14:29.679 great because you give us an example where you've actually 198 00:14:29.759 --> 00:14:32.960 drawn maybe the circumference of a pyramid or a mound 199 00:14:33.639 --> 00:14:36.840 and guessed at the dimensions, but just laying it out 200 00:14:37.200 --> 00:14:41.960 and maybe putting some landmarks around this mound is a 201 00:14:42.120 --> 00:14:42.919 great reference. 202 00:14:43.559 --> 00:14:47.639 Yeah. That page was the actual page I used when 203 00:14:47.679 --> 00:14:51.399 we did a magnetic survey at the eclipse that happened 204 00:14:51.440 --> 00:14:54.559 back in April, you know, there was a full eclipse, 205 00:14:54.559 --> 00:14:57.720 and I on Twitter which is now x and on Facebook, 206 00:14:58.159 --> 00:15:00.879 I asked people who were at interested to go to 207 00:15:01.039 --> 00:15:05.840 mound sites during the eclipse and take a simple handheld 208 00:15:05.960 --> 00:15:10.440 magnetic compass, not a phone compass, but a magnetic compass 209 00:15:10.960 --> 00:15:13.840 and put it somewhere in an earthwork or a mound 210 00:15:13.960 --> 00:15:16.480 and watch it at the very beginning of the full 211 00:15:16.519 --> 00:15:19.519 eclipse and watch it at the end of the full 212 00:15:19.559 --> 00:15:23.279 eclipse and just note whatever you happen to see. So 213 00:15:23.480 --> 00:15:26.600 for me, I took my wife and a couple friends 214 00:15:26.639 --> 00:15:31.039 to a place called Tawisagi Mounds, which is in southeastern Missouri. 215 00:15:31.080 --> 00:15:35.200 It's a very large complex. It has a huge pyramid mound, 216 00:15:35.440 --> 00:15:39.080 or actually it's a truncated pyramid, means it looks like 217 00:15:39.120 --> 00:15:41.919 a pyramid, but it has a flat top. We got 218 00:15:41.960 --> 00:15:45.080 on that. I actually filmed it and there was a 219 00:15:45.320 --> 00:15:50.159 deviation in it. I got ten reports from other people. 220 00:15:51.279 --> 00:15:55.080 Just over half of them saw the exact same magnetic deviation. 221 00:15:55.279 --> 00:15:57.639 All of us saw the same thing. It was only 222 00:15:57.720 --> 00:16:00.840 under the full eclipse, only at the very beginning and 223 00:16:01.000 --> 00:16:03.960 very end. And I did that to try and document 224 00:16:05.200 --> 00:16:07.759 and look at a theory that I've had since actually 225 00:16:08.000 --> 00:16:12.759 nineteen ninety is when I first wrote up that theory. So, yeah, 226 00:16:12.879 --> 00:16:15.879 that's that's what's in there, that's what that one example loves. 227 00:16:16.159 --> 00:16:18.679 Since yeah, I've almost filled this book up since then 228 00:16:18.679 --> 00:16:20.320 because I've gone to so many sites. 229 00:16:20.440 --> 00:16:23.440 Have you have you purchased or have you used any 230 00:16:23.480 --> 00:16:26.759 kind of equipment that tests to lyric fields? Other than 231 00:16:26.879 --> 00:16:29.759 just a simple no, I haven't done what John Burke 232 00:16:29.799 --> 00:16:33.279 did years ago, take magnometers and stuff and go to 233 00:16:33.279 --> 00:16:34.240 the oka. 234 00:16:34.440 --> 00:16:37.039 I have not. I have used other things. I have 235 00:16:37.200 --> 00:16:42.399 a couple electromagnetic field meters that have gone out and used, 236 00:16:43.240 --> 00:16:46.720 because electromagnetic energy has a lot to do with the 237 00:16:46.720 --> 00:16:50.480 things that people might experience at these sites. Yeah, and 238 00:16:50.519 --> 00:16:52.440 maybe we can get into that a little bit. 239 00:16:52.519 --> 00:16:53.960 I want to get into it in a big gray 240 00:16:54.039 --> 00:16:57.159 because you have a chapter on how shamanistic approaches of 241 00:16:57.200 --> 00:16:59.840 these are the guys who actually chose the pyramids. But 242 00:17:00.120 --> 00:17:03.639 even more so than that, they're sensitive to magnetic fields, 243 00:17:03.720 --> 00:17:06.880 lay lines, and perhaps turk fields. Let's bring that up 244 00:17:06.920 --> 00:17:09.440 in a sec talk. Let's go to the beginning because 245 00:17:10.039 --> 00:17:13.480 and by the way, for you listeners, Greg has written 246 00:17:13.519 --> 00:17:19.160 the authoritative book on this is called The Illustrated Encyclopedia 247 00:17:19.880 --> 00:17:23.000 of Native American Indian Mounds and Earthworks, and he sent 248 00:17:23.039 --> 00:17:27.000 me a copy probably eight nine years ago, and it 249 00:17:27.200 --> 00:17:31.599 is really pretty much would you say, it's almost every 250 00:17:31.839 --> 00:17:34.680 known mound. You couldn't get to all of them because 251 00:17:34.680 --> 00:17:38.079 there's over one hundred thousand, but the most noted, perhaps 252 00:17:38.119 --> 00:17:41.480 the ones that are still in its original form. Maybe 253 00:17:41.480 --> 00:17:43.680 that's the criteria you used. 254 00:17:44.119 --> 00:17:47.440 Well, I had two criterias, but one of them was 255 00:17:47.480 --> 00:17:51.960 what's accessible. Oh, there have to be accessible mounds, but 256 00:17:52.000 --> 00:17:58.559 there are tens of thousands that are not accessible. For example, Minnesota, 257 00:17:59.000 --> 00:18:02.680 the State Archygist of Minnesota two years ago, in their 258 00:18:02.680 --> 00:18:06.079 annual report, said that there are twelve thousand, five hundred 259 00:18:06.119 --> 00:18:09.160 mounds in the state of Minnesota that are now known 260 00:18:09.279 --> 00:18:13.279 to still exist. Twelve thousand, five hundred. Now, a few 261 00:18:13.359 --> 00:18:16.720 years ago, archaeologists were claiming that there might only be 262 00:18:16.839 --> 00:18:21.160 ten thousand left in the entire country, and chances are 263 00:18:21.359 --> 00:18:25.319 there's probably way over one hundred thousand that are still 264 00:18:25.359 --> 00:18:30.079 in existence. I have since that last Mounta Encyclopedia version 265 00:18:30.640 --> 00:18:34.200 came out, I probably found another five or six thousand, 266 00:18:34.279 --> 00:18:37.319 but most of those are fairly small. They're on private property, 267 00:18:37.640 --> 00:18:41.000 hard to find, but there are many, many of them 268 00:18:41.119 --> 00:18:47.440 in existence. The Mounta Encyclopedia has, as I recall, three 269 00:18:47.559 --> 00:18:49.880 thousand entries three. 270 00:18:49.720 --> 00:18:52.400 Thousand coast on that too. 271 00:18:52.480 --> 00:18:55.119 Yeah, yeah, but I didn't get them all. That's the thing. 272 00:18:55.160 --> 00:18:56.960 I mean. I only put a couple in in like 273 00:18:57.039 --> 00:19:00.359 North and South Dakota. Since then, I've found one hundreds 274 00:19:00.440 --> 00:19:03.519 more in both North and South Dakota and in Oregon. 275 00:19:03.559 --> 00:19:05.519 I don't think I listened to any in Oregon. Well, 276 00:19:05.559 --> 00:19:12.039 the Oregon has probably just under a thousand that still exists. California, Uh, 277 00:19:12.400 --> 00:19:19.599 the San Francisco Bay once had five hundred and fifty 278 00:19:19.799 --> 00:19:26.480 mounds around the bay alone. Today there is one that 279 00:19:26.559 --> 00:19:30.039 you can visit, but it's only a it's like one 280 00:19:30.119 --> 00:19:33.720 hundredth of its original size. And I've put pictures. It's 281 00:19:33.759 --> 00:19:38.359 the Emeryville Lound. It's called and I was, yeah, it's 282 00:19:38.400 --> 00:19:41.119 a big shell, but it was huge. It was forty 283 00:19:41.200 --> 00:19:44.720 five feet tall initially. Today it's a little hump it's 284 00:19:44.759 --> 00:19:48.799 about three feet tall with a little sign. But it 285 00:19:48.960 --> 00:19:52.759 was it was almost fifty feet tall. It was three 286 00:19:52.839 --> 00:19:56.839 hundred feet long by two hundred feet wide, and I've 287 00:19:56.839 --> 00:20:00.400 got a picture of a steam shovel destroying it. In 288 00:20:00.839 --> 00:20:04.559 the early nineteen hundreds, they simply removed it all. Later, 289 00:20:04.680 --> 00:20:06.559 after they flattened it, they came in and put a 290 00:20:06.559 --> 00:20:08.319 little hump there and they put a sign on top 291 00:20:08.400 --> 00:20:11.480 of it. And it's just amazing how many that there were, 292 00:20:11.519 --> 00:20:13.480 and they were all over. There were also in the 293 00:20:13.559 --> 00:20:18.240 Southwest the same thing. And we now know a lot more, 294 00:20:18.480 --> 00:20:21.680 just in recent years of what the heck they were doing, 295 00:20:21.720 --> 00:20:25.599 where some of the ideas came from. And archaeology used 296 00:20:25.599 --> 00:20:28.680 to say that all these cultures over here in North America, 297 00:20:29.200 --> 00:20:31.720 Central America, and South America, that they all were in 298 00:20:31.880 --> 00:20:35.480 isolation and that they all came up with their own 299 00:20:35.599 --> 00:20:40.519 ideas individually. Nobody came in. And that's not true anymore. 300 00:20:41.119 --> 00:20:44.079 You're talking about diffusion, greg diffusion. 301 00:20:43.680 --> 00:20:47.920 It's not it's diffusion of ideas. And the problem with 302 00:20:48.079 --> 00:20:50.839 the old diffusion idea is they used to think like 303 00:20:51.160 --> 00:20:54.720 masses of white man, it's white people. Masses of white 304 00:20:54.799 --> 00:20:57.559 people came in and dominated and built all that. That's 305 00:20:57.599 --> 00:21:01.559 not the case. There weren't mass of people that came in. 306 00:21:02.079 --> 00:21:06.200 There were small groups that came in, everything from Chinese junks. 307 00:21:06.240 --> 00:21:10.680 Now they're all but certain and these are mainstream archaeologists 308 00:21:10.720 --> 00:21:13.640 writing this stuff. Now that hey, Chinese junks probably came. 309 00:21:13.920 --> 00:21:18.359 It's extremely possible Phoenicians came. But we're not talking about 310 00:21:18.640 --> 00:21:22.759 thousands and thousands of people. We're talking about small groups 311 00:21:22.799 --> 00:21:26.799 in ships, some of which probably accidentally got here. They 312 00:21:26.839 --> 00:21:30.759 did interact with the Native Americans that were here, and 313 00:21:30.839 --> 00:21:33.799 they did have some influence but the reason they don't 314 00:21:33.839 --> 00:21:36.359 show up in genetics is because they're all men. They 315 00:21:36.359 --> 00:21:38.920 were all male, and the genetics that are tested it's 316 00:21:38.960 --> 00:21:43.759 all female DNA. Mightochondrial DNA is the ancient DNA that's 317 00:21:43.799 --> 00:21:48.240 almost always tested, and might Achondrial DNA only comes from 318 00:21:48.279 --> 00:21:52.319 the female side. So if any of these people who 319 00:21:52.359 --> 00:21:55.640 were Chinese, or any of the people who were maybe 320 00:21:55.680 --> 00:21:59.559 Phoenicians or from the Mediterranean, maybe from maybe even Romans, 321 00:21:59.599 --> 00:22:02.480 who know, there is evidence that some Romans made it 322 00:22:02.480 --> 00:22:06.680 here and all that is actually it's pretty solid evidence. 323 00:22:07.400 --> 00:22:10.880 A lot of archaeologists hate this stuff and they'll say, well, 324 00:22:10.880 --> 00:22:13.559 there's no evidence of it. Well, there is evidence of it. 325 00:22:13.640 --> 00:22:16.119 There's just no genetic evidence because they were all men 326 00:22:16.720 --> 00:22:20.440 and they're dnd in. Mitochondrial DNA ends when the man dies, 327 00:22:20.519 --> 00:22:23.200 that's it. It doesn't matter if he is offspring. They 328 00:22:23.240 --> 00:22:25.160 don't get any of that DNA from him. 329 00:22:25.799 --> 00:22:29.000 Did any of the Spanish explorers or any of the 330 00:22:29.039 --> 00:22:33.799 other European countries who made it to North America get 331 00:22:33.799 --> 00:22:38.880 an idea of the total number of mounds that existed 332 00:22:38.960 --> 00:22:41.599 before civilization pushed them. 333 00:22:41.480 --> 00:22:45.079 Down, Well, the Spanish didn't count them. They did in 334 00:22:45.119 --> 00:22:48.359 the Spanish chronicles. There's several sets of them, of course, 335 00:22:48.359 --> 00:22:53.039 we know like Cortes and Pizarro and Mexico and the 336 00:22:53.039 --> 00:22:56.640 Incas and so on. We know Hernando de Soto, the 337 00:22:56.720 --> 00:23:01.079 Navarez group was before de Soto, and then Coronado out 338 00:23:01.079 --> 00:23:04.319 in the southwest. And Coronado and DeSoto were basically at 339 00:23:04.319 --> 00:23:07.480 the same time, from roughly fifteen thirty nine to fifteen 340 00:23:07.599 --> 00:23:11.200 forty two, and the two groups. Coronado was in the 341 00:23:11.279 --> 00:23:16.119 southwest moving toward the east, and de Soto started in 342 00:23:16.160 --> 00:23:18.319 the southeast and Florida and went up and then went 343 00:23:18.359 --> 00:23:20.680 around almost all the way the west, and they came 344 00:23:20.880 --> 00:23:23.519 like forty miles from each other. Neither one of them 345 00:23:23.599 --> 00:23:26.519 knew the other was there. Oh my god, but they had. 346 00:23:26.599 --> 00:23:30.160 They wrote about all these They had chroniclers with them, 347 00:23:30.559 --> 00:23:34.720 and like DeSoto talked about his chronicles, talk about going 348 00:23:34.759 --> 00:23:38.359 through mound site after mound site after another, and in 349 00:23:38.400 --> 00:23:42.599 some cases they couldn't tell where one city or town 350 00:23:42.839 --> 00:23:46.079 began and ended and the next one began because they 351 00:23:46.079 --> 00:23:50.200 were so close together. And today, for example, in areas 352 00:23:50.240 --> 00:23:55.519 of say Arkansas and Tennessee, where De Soto was in Arkansas, 353 00:23:56.400 --> 00:23:58.759 where the Parking Mound is, where They know that De 354 00:23:58.880 --> 00:24:02.160 Soto went because they found some artifacts in DeSoto. They 355 00:24:02.200 --> 00:24:05.519 also found the remains of the cross that De Soto 356 00:24:05.640 --> 00:24:08.920 put in to the large temple mound there. You can 357 00:24:09.000 --> 00:24:12.759 actually see that when you go to parking mounds. But 358 00:24:13.839 --> 00:24:17.279 they know that about every five miles on both sides 359 00:24:17.359 --> 00:24:19.920 of the rivers there the White River the Red Rivers, 360 00:24:19.920 --> 00:24:23.839 there there was a city or a town that had 361 00:24:23.920 --> 00:24:26.960 five to ten thousand people. So there'd be one five 362 00:24:27.000 --> 00:24:29.240 miles on one side of the river, five miles on 363 00:24:29.279 --> 00:24:31.000 the other side of the river five miles, and that 364 00:24:31.119 --> 00:24:33.559 side five miles on that side, and then around the 365 00:24:33.640 --> 00:24:37.799 central towns which were all palisade they were fortresses. They 366 00:24:37.839 --> 00:24:42.839 all had walls around them, high palisade walls with bastions, 367 00:24:43.279 --> 00:24:46.519 and then around them were agricultural areas. So there was town, 368 00:24:46.759 --> 00:24:49.759 another town, another town, another town, and there's like twenty 369 00:24:49.839 --> 00:24:51.799 or thirty of these towns in just one area of 370 00:24:51.799 --> 00:24:54.920 the river. Same thing with the Tennessee River. Nashville was 371 00:24:54.960 --> 00:24:58.200 almost solid Native Americans at the time De Soto went through. 372 00:24:58.440 --> 00:25:02.319 They were everywhere, and the population of the Americas at 373 00:25:02.319 --> 00:25:05.079 that time it's been debated for a long time. Now 374 00:25:05.160 --> 00:25:07.880 they know it's higher than the highest estimates. It was 375 00:25:07.880 --> 00:25:10.720 probably somewhere around one hundred and fifty million people were 376 00:25:10.720 --> 00:25:15.119 in the Americas, one hundred and fifty million, which was 377 00:25:15.200 --> 00:25:18.920 greater than the entire population of Europe at the time. 378 00:25:19.000 --> 00:25:21.960 One hundred and fifty million. Yeah, well, one hundred and 379 00:25:21.960 --> 00:25:25.359 fifty seven million, I think is the the top estimate. 380 00:25:25.400 --> 00:25:27.920 But they believe that's too low now because they found 381 00:25:28.000 --> 00:25:32.079 evidence of ten million people living in the Amazon basin 382 00:25:32.200 --> 00:25:35.480 so at that time, and they were all wiped out 383 00:25:35.599 --> 00:25:38.599 quickly from diseases because that was one of the very 384 00:25:38.640 --> 00:25:41.640 first areas that the Spanish got to, and they went 385 00:25:41.759 --> 00:25:45.160 up the Amazon River in their little boats and they 386 00:25:45.200 --> 00:25:49.640 interacted with the tribes, and the diseases spread like wildfire. 387 00:25:49.799 --> 00:25:54.039 It's incredible, It's absolutely incredible, and it started a long 388 00:25:54.160 --> 00:25:57.759 time ago. The dates the last time that we talked, 389 00:25:58.759 --> 00:26:01.680 the oldest mound in the Ericas was dated to eight thousand, 390 00:26:01.759 --> 00:26:06.519 four hundred BC, so two thousand. That was in It's 391 00:26:06.599 --> 00:26:11.079 called the isladel Testsoro Mound. It's in the Bolivian Amazon, 392 00:26:11.400 --> 00:26:16.119 oh Amazon, the Bolivian Amazon. Well, I would have told you. 393 00:26:16.160 --> 00:26:19.079 I probably told you the last time that the oldest 394 00:26:19.119 --> 00:26:25.200 known mound in North America at that time was one 395 00:26:25.440 --> 00:26:29.160 called the Monte Sano Mound, which is in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 396 00:26:29.680 --> 00:26:33.160 which is actually on the state capitol grounds of Baton Rouge. 397 00:26:34.200 --> 00:26:37.480 Was it was completely excavated and it dated to about 398 00:26:37.519 --> 00:26:43.079 five thousand, four hundred BC fifty four hundred BC, seven 399 00:26:43.680 --> 00:26:47.240 four hundred years ago. Well two years ago, twenty twenty two, 400 00:26:47.640 --> 00:26:53.359 Louisiana State University retested two mounds on their campus. They 401 00:26:53.400 --> 00:26:58.400