1
00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:04,280
Speaker 1: Welcome to the Master of the NEC podcast, the ultimate

2
00:00:04,320 --> 00:00:09,080
destination for anyone passionate about the electrical trade. Whether you're

3
00:00:09,119 --> 00:00:12,480
a season electrician, an eager apprentice, or just someone who

4
00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:15,000
wants to dive deep into the world of electrical work,

5
00:00:15,240 --> 00:00:19,679
You've come to the right place. Join your host, Paul Abernavi,

6
00:00:19,960 --> 00:00:22,239
a true authority in the industry with over thirty eight

7
00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:25,399
years of trade experience, as he electrifies your mind with

8
00:00:25,480 --> 00:00:29,480
in depth discussions, expertips, and valuable insights that will keep

9
00:00:29,519 --> 00:00:30,199
you ahead.

10
00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:30,480
Speaker 2: Of the curve.

11
00:00:31,480 --> 00:00:35,159
Speaker 1: Each episode, Paul will illuminate the complexities of the trade,

12
00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:39,560
decode the National Electrical Code, and share the latest industry trends,

13
00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:42,520
all while empowering you to take your electrical career to

14
00:00:42,560 --> 00:00:47,079
the next level. So hear up, plug in, and get

15
00:00:47,119 --> 00:00:50,119
ready to supercharge your knowledge because with the Master of

16
00:00:50,119 --> 00:00:53,399
the Neez podcast, the power is in your hands.

17
00:00:54,159 --> 00:01:05,879
Speaker 2: Now get ready. Here is your host, Paul Abernavi. Up.

18
00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:08,760
What up? Everybody? Welcome to another episode of Master the

19
00:01:08,799 --> 00:01:12,439
NEC podcast, where I talk about the National Electrical Code

20
00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:16,280
and all things electrically related. On today's episode, it's a

21
00:01:16,280 --> 00:01:19,799
special one because we're gonna be talking about mastering apacity

22
00:01:20,280 --> 00:01:24,040
the Ultimate Guide to Understanding table three sixteen, as well

23
00:01:24,079 --> 00:01:26,920
as all of those other little nuanced tables like three

24
00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:29,560
ten fifteen B one one or three ten fifteen C

25
00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:35,079
one when it comes to learning apacities of conductors in

26
00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:40,239
the other different aspects of it being temperature limitations, terminal limitations,

27
00:01:40,239 --> 00:01:41,599
and all that good stuff. So there's a lot of

28
00:01:41,599 --> 00:01:44,079
stuff we're gonna try to we're gonna try to unpack

29
00:01:44,599 --> 00:01:48,879
in today's episode. So hopefully you're enjoying this podcast on

30
00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:53,040
whatever platform you enjoy, but remember you also can get

31
00:01:53,079 --> 00:01:55,840
our free mobile app. It is available over our website.

32
00:01:55,840 --> 00:01:59,920
It's free. We don't bombard you with ads or marketing stuff.

33
00:02:00,079 --> 00:02:03,079
It's not. It's a free app, and it's a web

34
00:02:03,120 --> 00:02:05,879
based app, so it's not on the App Store, not

35
00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:09,879
on Google Store or iPhone store. It's only on our website.

36
00:02:10,719 --> 00:02:13,240
The link will be down into the description, but it's

37
00:02:13,319 --> 00:02:20,560
fast tracks tr axsystem dot com, fast trackssystem dot com.

38
00:02:21,159 --> 00:02:23,479
And you can get our free mobile app. We're always

39
00:02:23,479 --> 00:02:26,280
adding things to it. You can get access to great blogs.

40
00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:29,800
We have dozens of blogs on all different topics, calculations

41
00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:35,080
and everything. And you can also listen to our podcasts

42
00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:37,879
on the mobile app as well, but there's other tools

43
00:02:37,960 --> 00:02:41,120
and calculators and we're always adding stuff to it. So

44
00:02:41,199 --> 00:02:43,719
check it out. It's free. Just go to our website

45
00:02:43,759 --> 00:02:47,719
and pick it up and we'd love to have you

46
00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:51,639
there in the old app family if you will. All right,

47
00:02:51,719 --> 00:02:53,680
so today we're going to be digging into that. We're

48
00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:56,680
gonna focus on conductor's capacity. We're gonna be focused on

49
00:02:56,919 --> 00:02:59,840
obviously opacities. We're dealing with three ten sixteen. That is

50
00:02:59,879 --> 00:03:03,800
the table when it comes to conductor opacity. Now, a

51
00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:07,000
lot of people ask me to say, Paul, you should

52
00:03:07,039 --> 00:03:09,280
say what code cycle you're on, and I typically do.

53
00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:11,120
Today's show is going to be based on the twenty

54
00:03:11,159 --> 00:03:15,479
twenty three edition of the Nationalisical Code. But just understand

55
00:03:15,520 --> 00:03:19,240
that depending on which code cycle you're on, the apacity

56
00:03:19,280 --> 00:03:25,360
table may change three ten fifteen B sixteen. It may

57
00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:30,680
be three ten sixteen for whatever cycle you're in. But

58
00:03:30,759 --> 00:03:34,719
we're talking opacity today, but everything else that we deal with,

59
00:03:35,039 --> 00:03:38,240
it's all going to be really based on the twenty

60
00:03:38,280 --> 00:03:41,479
twenty three edition of the Nationalisical Code. Now, with that said,

61
00:03:41,560 --> 00:03:46,159
the fundamentals do not change. So what we're talking about,

62
00:03:46,520 --> 00:03:54,240
the important things of the ambient temperature corrections and adjustment factors,

63
00:03:55,039 --> 00:03:59,639
terminals and terminal ratings and the ampasities in themselves. That

64
00:03:59,719 --> 00:04:02,360
doesn't that hasn't changed. That's not going to change even

65
00:04:02,400 --> 00:04:05,439
with code cycle changes. That's really not So we're not

66
00:04:05,560 --> 00:04:08,639
changing the apacity of conductors right now. We're not. You know,

67
00:04:08,719 --> 00:04:11,919
most of the manufacturers are wiring cable are pretty content

68
00:04:12,039 --> 00:04:14,840
with where the opacities are, so none of that's really changing.

69
00:04:16,120 --> 00:04:19,160
So just again don't stress out saying, oh, well, I

70
00:04:19,199 --> 00:04:21,000
don't want to listen to that because they're talking twenty

71
00:04:21,040 --> 00:04:22,879
twenty three. If you're on the twenty twenty, it's still

72
00:04:22,879 --> 00:04:25,800
going to be applicable to you. And also I should

73
00:04:25,839 --> 00:04:28,240
mention before I get into this that if you really

74
00:04:28,279 --> 00:04:32,439
want a detailed video with explanations and examples, you may

75
00:04:32,480 --> 00:04:36,040
want to consider subscribing to fast tracks Tube. It's just

76
00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:38,480
the same as fast Track system, it's just with Tube

77
00:04:38,480 --> 00:04:42,439
on the end. So fast tracks tr ex tube tube

78
00:04:43,319 --> 00:04:46,879
dot com. That's our video platform, and there's a lot

79
00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:50,720
of very tailored videos over there. It's not the garbage

80
00:04:50,720 --> 00:04:53,600
that you'll get by just randomly searching on YouTube. I

81
00:04:53,639 --> 00:04:55,560
guess I shouldn't say it's all garbage, because I do

82
00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:58,199
have some videos up there and I don't consider that garbage.

83
00:04:58,399 --> 00:05:02,519
But you get more. We're detailed less, no commercial type

84
00:05:02,560 --> 00:05:06,600
of things over on our fast tracks tube. It's also

85
00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:10,120
available on fasttrackstv dot com by the way, right, So

86
00:05:10,160 --> 00:05:12,759
that's what we're focusing on today, and we're talking about that.

87
00:05:14,079 --> 00:05:18,399
But by the end of this episode, you'll understand sizing conductors.

88
00:05:18,439 --> 00:05:21,959
You'll understand the nec when it comes to opacities and

89
00:05:22,360 --> 00:05:27,399
limitations based on the terminal ratings and temperature and all

90
00:05:27,399 --> 00:05:28,920
that kind of stuff. So we'll try to give you

91
00:05:28,920 --> 00:05:32,160
as much as we can in this episode so that

92
00:05:32,199 --> 00:05:35,480
your takeaway is that you're a little bit better than

93
00:05:35,519 --> 00:05:38,439
you were when you started, okay, before you started this episode.

94
00:05:38,439 --> 00:05:41,319
That's our goal. That's what I'm trying to do anyway.

95
00:05:41,560 --> 00:05:44,959
All right, let's start off first and understand the structure

96
00:05:45,399 --> 00:05:48,399
when it comes to the ampacity tables three ten sixteen,

97
00:05:48,439 --> 00:05:52,160
which again there's other ampacity tables three ten, seventeen, three

98
00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:55,160
ten eighteen, three ten nine, but the most common one

99
00:05:55,279 --> 00:05:59,519
used for zero to two thousand volts applications, the primary

100
00:05:59,560 --> 00:06:02,040
EmPATH city table that you're going to use, especially if

101
00:06:02,079 --> 00:06:06,680
you're implementing adjustment and corrections to a apacity value is

102
00:06:06,759 --> 00:06:11,240
going to be three ten dot sixteen. Okay, Now it's

103
00:06:11,240 --> 00:06:13,600
important that I tell you table three ten dot sixteen,

104
00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:18,160
because there's obviously a section three ten dot sixteen which

105
00:06:18,199 --> 00:06:20,839
gives you some of the backbones that reminds you that

106
00:06:20,920 --> 00:06:23,319
it's based on thirty degrees sales cus eighty six degrees

107
00:06:23,399 --> 00:06:26,000
hit fahrenheit. It's based on not more than three current

108
00:06:26,079 --> 00:06:31,399
care and conductors. That's under the normal three ten dot sixteen,

109
00:06:31,519 --> 00:06:34,920
not the table now. Years ago it was also incorporated

110
00:06:34,920 --> 00:06:37,519
into the table, but the way it is now, that's

111
00:06:37,560 --> 00:06:41,199
the code reference in the code, and then you go

112
00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:45,959
to the actual table to actually see the actual opacities.

113
00:06:46,879 --> 00:06:48,639
So I just want to make sure you understand that

114
00:06:48,720 --> 00:06:50,920
just because we say table three ten dot sixteen, there

115
00:06:50,959 --> 00:06:53,720
is an actual three ten dot sixteen in the code

116
00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:57,160
that gives you a little more of the backbone behind it,

117
00:06:57,240 --> 00:07:00,560
and that is the again not more than three ambient

118
00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:04,839
temperature thirty degrees salesiase eighty six greeze fahrenheit zero to

119
00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:09,000
two thousand volts. All of that. It gives you that

120
00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:11,759
in the code so that you can adequately use table

121
00:07:11,800 --> 00:07:14,879
three tens sixteen properly, Okay. Just want to make sure

122
00:07:14,879 --> 00:07:18,040
that we understand that before we get too deep into it.

123
00:07:19,600 --> 00:07:23,120
Now three ten sixteen the table is broken down into

124
00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:27,120
aluminum on the left, copper I mean aluminum on the right,

125
00:07:27,199 --> 00:07:29,600
copper on the left, and it's broken down into a

126
00:07:29,639 --> 00:07:33,439
sixty seventy five and a ninety degree column. Now, the

127
00:07:33,560 --> 00:07:39,040
sixty degree column is used for sixty degree terminations limits. Okay.

128
00:07:39,160 --> 00:07:41,439
Now this also is going to be applicable, for example,

129
00:07:41,519 --> 00:07:45,079
to non metallic sheath cable under three thirty four dot eighty.

130
00:07:45,120 --> 00:07:46,959
It's going to say that you know what, I'll let

131
00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:49,720
you and we'll see later. I'll let you do adjustment

132
00:07:49,759 --> 00:07:53,480
and corrections from the ninety degree opacity, but that's only

133
00:07:53,519 --> 00:07:55,920
for adjustment and corrective purposes, and that is when it's

134
00:07:56,079 --> 00:07:59,319
not thirty degrees salesiusir eighty six s greeese fahreheit, or

135
00:07:59,360 --> 00:08:02,360
it's more more than three current current conductors. Right then

136
00:08:02,480 --> 00:08:04,680
if it's that way, I'll let you use the ninety

137
00:08:04,759 --> 00:08:08,439
to do these adjustments or corrections. But ultimately, at the

138
00:08:08,519 --> 00:08:11,560
end of the day, my temperature limitation is still going

139
00:08:11,639 --> 00:08:13,839
to be or my apacity limit is still going to

140
00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:16,439
be in the sixty degree column. Just because we're gonna

141
00:08:16,519 --> 00:08:18,879
let you do something, you're still going to be limited

142
00:08:18,879 --> 00:08:22,839
to sixty degree c okay. And that also is going

143
00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:26,720
to apply for one hundred amps. Uh, for less than

144
00:08:26,759 --> 00:08:29,120
one hundred amps, okay, so that's going to be one

145
00:08:29,240 --> 00:08:32,759
ten dot fourteen C one A three for example, is

146
00:08:32,799 --> 00:08:35,320
when we're dealing with the limitations when it comes to

147
00:08:35,399 --> 00:08:38,759
terminals in temperature. So and we'll cover all that, but

148
00:08:38,919 --> 00:08:40,759
I just want to kind of set the tone. The

149
00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:46,200
sixty degree column is again, typically when you've got under

150
00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:49,600
one hundred amp application, when you have a missing link,

151
00:08:49,639 --> 00:08:52,080
in other words, you don't know what the terminal rating is,

152
00:08:52,399 --> 00:08:54,240
but you know it's under one hundred amps, then you're

153
00:08:54,279 --> 00:08:57,039
going to be defaulting to the sixty degree column. Okay,

154
00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:01,440
those type of things. We have a seventy five degree

155
00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:04,600
and that's the most common used for again one hundred

156
00:09:04,639 --> 00:09:08,480
ants or more. But also you'll find that even if

157
00:09:08,679 --> 00:09:11,799
the conductor is let's say a smaller conductor like a

158
00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:16,879
fourteen gauge thhhn, that if the terminals rated seventy five,

159
00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:19,679
if the insulation on the conductor is rated at least

160
00:09:19,679 --> 00:09:22,879
seventy five, and of course THHCHN would be at least

161
00:09:22,879 --> 00:09:27,720
seventy five. It's ninety dry. Okay, then you're going to

162
00:09:27,759 --> 00:09:30,759
be able to use the seventy five even though it's

163
00:09:30,799 --> 00:09:34,480
technically under one hundred ampiers. Okay. So that's why it's

164
00:09:34,519 --> 00:09:38,000
so important to understand the nuances. Okay. Now again, the

165
00:09:38,039 --> 00:09:40,679
caveat to that is if you had fourteen or twelve

166
00:09:40,720 --> 00:09:43,360
inside of a nonmetallic sheaf cable, then that rule doesn't apply.

167
00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:45,840
It's still going to be limited to the sixty, even

168
00:09:45,879 --> 00:09:48,120
though you could do adjustment of corrections from the ninety.

169
00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:51,799
This is single insulated conductors. We're just talking just regular

170
00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:55,120
THHHN that you would pull in a raceway. Okay, if

171
00:09:55,159 --> 00:09:58,279
your terminals are rated seventy five, if your insulation on

172
00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:00,559
the conductor's rated at least seventy five, and if the

173
00:10:00,639 --> 00:10:03,120
terminal at the other end of whatever it's connecting to

174
00:10:03,240 --> 00:10:06,039
on the equipment is rated at least seventy five, even

175
00:10:06,200 --> 00:10:09,639
if the ampacity was less than one hundred, you still

176
00:10:09,679 --> 00:10:13,840
could use the seventy five degree column. Why, because everything

177
00:10:13,879 --> 00:10:17,360
is rated seventy five or greater. That makes sense. So

178
00:10:17,919 --> 00:10:20,240
these are little nuances that you have to learn, and

179
00:10:20,279 --> 00:10:22,519
they can be very impactful because you know, if you're

180
00:10:22,519 --> 00:10:24,559
preparing for an electrical exam, and it may give you

181
00:10:24,679 --> 00:10:28,639
everything in the equation to size a conductor, but it

182
00:10:28,759 --> 00:10:32,600
ultimately does not tell you the terminal rating. And if

183
00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:35,039
the ampacity is under one hundred, it doesn't matter if

184
00:10:35,039 --> 00:10:37,240
it's thg in. If the ampacity is under one hundred,

185
00:10:37,279 --> 00:10:38,799
and then they didn't tell you what the terminals are

186
00:10:38,840 --> 00:10:42,000
rated at, then guess what, Because it's under one hundred,

187
00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:44,440
you're going to be locked in the sixty degree column

188
00:10:44,519 --> 00:10:48,960
far as ampacity is concerned. Okay, So it's important to

189
00:10:49,759 --> 00:10:52,440
understand those those nuances. And again i'll remind you we

190
00:10:52,519 --> 00:10:59,120
do have a great video called de Rating Demystified over

191
00:10:59,240 --> 00:11:02,759
on fast track Tube if you're interested in that, and

192
00:11:02,799 --> 00:11:05,360
again it's ninety nine bucks a year. It's your way

193
00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:07,559
of saying thank you to us. It helps us continue

194
00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:10,360
to go and it's you know, you help support the program.

195
00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:12,799
So we appreciate all of you that subscribed to that. Now,

196
00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:15,039
if you're in our fast Tracks program and you purchase

197
00:11:15,080 --> 00:11:19,279
the enhanced program, then you already get twelve months. Our

198
00:11:19,279 --> 00:11:21,200
hope is that you'll renew it. At the end of

199
00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:24,799
a year and keep that fast Tracks Tube subscription because

200
00:11:24,840 --> 00:11:27,480
you find it is important. We're hoping that you do.

201
00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:31,840
And of course you have the ninety degree column. Now,

202
00:11:31,879 --> 00:11:35,480
the ninety degree column is typically used for adjustment and

203
00:11:35,559 --> 00:11:41,200
correction purposes. However, it's important to realize that you could

204
00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:45,759
in a real world scenario, you could have a conductor

205
00:11:45,840 --> 00:11:48,879
insulation that's rated ninety. You could have a terminal that's

206
00:11:48,960 --> 00:11:51,279
rated ninety, and you could have a piece of equipment

207
00:11:51,320 --> 00:11:52,919
at the other end that has terminals on it that

208
00:11:52,960 --> 00:11:56,399
are rated ninety. Guess what if that's the case and

209
00:11:56,480 --> 00:12:01,879
I can use the capacity from the ninety degree column. Yeah,

210
00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:05,600
because everything is rated ninety noil. Again, just for clarity,

211
00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:10,279
that's not gonna apply to non metallic sheet cable because

212
00:12:10,600 --> 00:12:13,120
that only lets you use the ampassity under ninety two

213
00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:16,679
do adjustment in corrections, which ultimately it's not going to

214
00:12:16,720 --> 00:12:22,200
have more ampacity that's under the sixty degree column. Okay, Okay, Again,

215
00:12:22,480 --> 00:12:24,759
I understand it's going to be a large collection of

216
00:12:24,759 --> 00:12:27,080
people out there that even if I explain this in

217
00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:30,559
the first twelve minutes of this video or podcast, you're

218
00:12:30,600 --> 00:12:32,399
still not gonna get it. And you're gonna say that

219
00:12:32,519 --> 00:12:36,360
was confusing. You know what. Haters are there anyway, so

220
00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:38,879
I can't do anything about it. All I can do

221
00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:41,799
is say, go back, re listen to the first twelve

222
00:12:41,840 --> 00:12:45,159
minutes of this podcast, and then maybe go watch our

223
00:12:45,240 --> 00:12:48,080
d rating de mystified video and it'll eventually once it

224
00:12:48,159 --> 00:12:51,639
locks in, it'll lock in, okay, and you'll get it.

225
00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:54,399
I'm doing my best here to try to convey it

226
00:12:54,440 --> 00:13:00,320
for you. But again, that that's the concepts Now, let's

227
00:13:00,360 --> 00:13:04,120
look at some basic uses of table three ten sixteen's.

228
00:13:04,200 --> 00:13:08,360
Let's say you need a conductor that carries fifty ampiers

229
00:13:08,399 --> 00:13:10,679
and we're just gonna go with what we have. Okay,

230
00:13:10,759 --> 00:13:13,440
we're just gonna take it at face value. The conversation

231
00:13:13,519 --> 00:13:16,039
we're not talking right now about in the use in

232
00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:17,919
the in the field. That's the other thing that you

233
00:13:17,960 --> 00:13:20,799
have to remember. If you're doing exam prep, is it

234
00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:23,759
a lot of times they'll ask you a question. Don't

235
00:13:23,840 --> 00:13:26,440
let your mind wander to what you would do in

236
00:13:26,480 --> 00:13:30,080
the field. Only answer the question that they give you

237
00:13:30,159 --> 00:13:34,200
on the exam based on what they give you. Don't

238
00:13:34,320 --> 00:13:41,639
let your mind wander. Okay. So you're like, okay, even

239
00:13:41,799 --> 00:13:47,080
if you're thinking, even if I don't have all the details,

240
00:13:47,759 --> 00:13:49,799
when I'm trying to answer a question on an exam,

241
00:13:49,879 --> 00:13:52,519
your mind starts going left and right, up, down, and

242
00:13:52,559 --> 00:13:54,960
you start stress starts getting built up, and it's like,

243
00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:58,919
calm down, relax, I'm gonna give you some I'm gonna

244
00:13:58,919 --> 00:14:02,039
give you some understandings here, okay, and we're gonna give

245
00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:05,559
you what your nobel to really see in the real world. Here.

246
00:14:06,879 --> 00:14:11,279
So I have a THHHN. It's ninety degree c rated insulation.

247
00:14:11,559 --> 00:14:14,720
That's what the T T stands for thermoplastic. The H

248
00:14:14,799 --> 00:14:17,039
is if you had only one H in there, like THHN,

249
00:14:17,159 --> 00:14:19,679
I mean, excuse me, THW, that would be seventy five.

250
00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,159
But since I have two h's, that's ninety in a

251
00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:23,000
dry location.

252
00:14:24,159 --> 00:14:24,279
Speaker 1: Uh.

253
00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:28,519
Speaker 2: And then you got the N which is nylon. So

254
00:14:28,679 --> 00:14:33,240
two h's high heat. Just remember high heat. That's ninety

255
00:14:33,399 --> 00:14:37,200
T thermoplastic. And the N is a nylon and that

256
00:14:37,360 --> 00:14:42,360
is just a covering that gets extruded over the insulation.

257
00:14:42,960 --> 00:14:47,039
And the nylon has absolutely zero insulating value. It's there

258
00:14:47,120 --> 00:14:50,200
to protect the insulation when you're pulling in at a raceway,

259
00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:52,840
and it reduces the coefficient of friction, so it makes

260
00:14:52,879 --> 00:14:56,919
it a little easier to pull in conjunction with pulling lubricant. Okay,

261
00:14:57,720 --> 00:15:01,039
it has no insulating value. So if you get some

262
00:15:01,159 --> 00:15:04,399
nylon that's scuffed up, scratched or whatnot, unless it's an

263
00:15:04,440 --> 00:15:06,559
oil and gas environment. And when we say that, we

264
00:15:06,639 --> 00:15:11,120
mean if you're installing THHHN in an oil and gas

265
00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:13,879
environment where it is a likelihood that it will come

266
00:15:13,879 --> 00:15:17,000
in contact with oil and gas because of the environment

267
00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:21,320
to where it's being installed, then the nylon can't be damaged.

268
00:15:21,879 --> 00:15:25,360
But anywhere else in ninety nine percent of your normal installations,

269
00:15:25,519 --> 00:15:28,120
it doesn't matter if the nylon gets eaten up during

270
00:15:28,120 --> 00:15:31,320
the installation. In fact, it served its purpose. It protected

271
00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:36,200
the insulation. But just don't misconstrue the nylon as actually

272
00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:42,120
being insulation because it's not. It's just a covering, that's it. Okay.

273
00:15:42,559 --> 00:15:45,360
So in our case, let's say we need a conductor

274
00:15:45,399 --> 00:15:48,200
that carries fifty amps, we're gonna be using THHHN copper.

275
00:15:49,240 --> 00:15:51,039
And oh, by the way, for those that are on exams,

276
00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:54,039
if it doesn't say copper, you always assume copper.

277
00:15:54,399 --> 00:15:54,519
Speaker 1: Uh.

278
00:15:54,679 --> 00:15:56,799
Speaker 2: Don't ever let your mind wander to illuminum, even though

279
00:15:56,840 --> 00:15:59,399
the answers might give you an answer. In aluminum, it's

280
00:15:59,519 --> 00:16:03,320
copper always the first you go to unless they state otherwise. Okay.

281
00:16:03,480 --> 00:16:06,039
In the real world you choose whatever you want, okay.

282
00:16:06,600 --> 00:16:10,159
But in an exam, if they don't say the conductor material,

283
00:16:10,279 --> 00:16:13,399
then you just assume copper. Okay. Here I am giving

284
00:16:13,399 --> 00:16:17,320
you an assumption rule. Always assume copper unless they state otherwise. Okay.

285
00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:20,879
So we have thjh in it's ninety degrees rated. But

286
00:16:21,159 --> 00:16:24,440
most equipment that you're going to find out there today

287
00:16:25,200 --> 00:16:30,000
is not going to have a terminal that is rated ninety.

288
00:16:30,159 --> 00:16:33,879
Now that's not to say Polaris splices, those lugs, okay,

289
00:16:34,759 --> 00:16:37,919
those type of thing inline terminal blocks that you might

290
00:16:37,960 --> 00:16:40,960
find and that goes in wireways, they might be rated ninety,

291
00:16:40,960 --> 00:16:44,720
but typically on equipment, they're not going to be rated ninety.

292
00:16:44,759 --> 00:16:47,480
They're usually going to be seventy five degree c Now

293
00:16:47,519 --> 00:16:50,840
occasions back in the day, you would see sixty slash

294
00:16:50,879 --> 00:16:53,000
seventy five, But to be honest with you, if it

295
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,120
says sixty slash seventy five, then you could ignore the

296
00:16:55,159 --> 00:16:57,639
sixty and you'd use the seventy five. You get what

297
00:16:57,679 --> 00:17:02,000
I'm saying. So even though it's thhhn, and we know

298
00:17:02,039 --> 00:17:05,400
it's ninety degree rated insulation. Okay, And we're not even

299
00:17:05,400 --> 00:17:08,680
talking about opacity tables right now. We're just talking conductor.

300
00:17:08,759 --> 00:17:12,279
It's ninety degrees CE rated. But you're going to be

301
00:17:12,359 --> 00:17:14,359
limited because most of the terminations are going to be

302
00:17:14,359 --> 00:17:17,319
seventy five degrees C. And again in your panel, electrical panel,

303
00:17:17,599 --> 00:17:20,359
most all of those terminations on breakers are all going

304
00:17:20,400 --> 00:17:23,640
to be at least seventy five. Okay, So that's why

305
00:17:24,079 --> 00:17:27,799
we're using real world scenarios here. Now step one, we're

306
00:17:27,839 --> 00:17:30,440
gonna use a seventy five degree column and you're thinking,

307
00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:34,680
wait a minute, Paul, it's fifty ampiers So one ten

308
00:17:34,720 --> 00:17:37,920
dot fourteen and don't do me a favor. Paul's the podcast.

309
00:17:38,440 --> 00:17:42,079
Go look at one ten dot fourteen C and go down.

310
00:17:42,119 --> 00:17:44,960
And you're saying, okay, it says if it's under one

311
00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:47,559
hundred AMS, then I'm stuck on the sixty Why did

312
00:17:47,559 --> 00:17:50,720
Paul go to the seventy five? Well, the reason we

313
00:17:50,759 --> 00:17:53,720
did because again, the vast majority of your terminations are

314
00:17:53,799 --> 00:17:57,119
rated seventy five. Even though the temperature rating on the

315
00:17:57,119 --> 00:18:00,319
conductor is ninety, we know that we can't use that

316
00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:03,160
ninety in to start with, we're going to be limited

317
00:18:03,160 --> 00:18:07,039
to the seventy five because of the terminals. Okay, they're

318
00:18:07,160 --> 00:18:10,240
rated seventy five, whether it's at the breaker or whether

319
00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:13,240
it's at the piece of equipment whatever. Okay, so we're

320
00:18:13,240 --> 00:18:15,519
gonna use the seventy five. So let's look in the

321
00:18:15,559 --> 00:18:20,799
seventy five degree column to find our apacity first, okay,

322
00:18:21,119 --> 00:18:22,960
and we want to make sure that it is greater

323
00:18:23,079 --> 00:18:26,559
than or equal to fifty am yeers, all right, So

324
00:18:26,599 --> 00:18:28,720
I've got my codebook here. I'm gonna go down to

325
00:18:28,799 --> 00:18:32,319
the codebook and I'm gonna go down to three ten,

326
00:18:32,440 --> 00:18:34,519
sixteen and do it with me. If you want to

327
00:18:34,559 --> 00:18:37,759
get better and you're listening to this podcast, pause it

328
00:18:38,279 --> 00:18:41,359
and you know, take your time and go down and

329
00:18:41,880 --> 00:18:44,880
work through it. So you'll see that an eight gauge

330
00:18:44,920 --> 00:18:48,240
copper under the seventy five degree column is good for

331
00:18:48,319 --> 00:18:51,599
fifty amps. And you'll see that a six gauge is

332
00:18:51,640 --> 00:18:56,160
good for sixty five ams. So in our case, the

333
00:18:56,359 --> 00:19:00,240
eight awg copper thjhen is good for fifty am. It's

334
00:19:01,039 --> 00:19:06,680
fifty ams. Now that is only good, folks, under this column.

335
00:19:07,039 --> 00:19:10,319
It is only good if it is not more than

336
00:19:10,359 --> 00:19:12,799
three current car and conductors. And again this is why

337
00:19:12,799 --> 00:19:14,799
you got to go look at the actual three ten

338
00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:20,079
sixteen to understand those limitations. Okay, Now, the good news

339
00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:22,599
is if you're using link or or you're studying with

340
00:19:22,640 --> 00:19:25,279
the NFPA document, or you're in the NEC, then the

341
00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:27,559
three ten sixteen is near the table, so it's it's

342
00:19:27,599 --> 00:19:29,519
you know, they're right near, right next to each other,

343
00:19:29,559 --> 00:19:31,799
so it's not a not brain surgery. But if you

344
00:19:31,880 --> 00:19:33,880
go look in the twenty twenty three edition of the NEC,

345
00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:36,720
you're gonna see four things there. You're gonna see number one.

346
00:19:37,240 --> 00:19:39,319
In order to be able to use three ten sixteen,

347
00:19:39,680 --> 00:19:42,599
the conductors are rated zero vaults through two thousand vaults.

348
00:19:42,680 --> 00:19:46,200
That's number one. Number two, the conductors are rated either sixty,

349
00:19:46,319 --> 00:19:50,480
seventy five or ninety. Check number three. It's as wiring

350
00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:53,200
as is installed in at thirty three EC eighty six

351
00:19:53,240 --> 00:19:58,319
degrees ambient temperature. Probably not what you've got, okay, but

352
00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:01,920
let's start out right now. Say yes, it's thirty degrees

353
00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:07,359
ambient celsius or eighty six degrees fahrenheit, right, so we're good.

354
00:20:08,480 --> 00:20:10,559
And then it says the equipment is rated seventy five

355
00:20:10,599 --> 00:20:13,440
degrees C. And so we know what our equipment rating is.

356
00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:16,279
And again, the vast majority of in the field equipment's

357
00:20:16,279 --> 00:20:20,079
going to be at least seventy five degrees C. Right now,

358
00:20:20,079 --> 00:20:22,759
there's exceptions to every rule. There are lugs that may

359
00:20:22,759 --> 00:20:25,039
be rated ninety, there may be lugs that are limited

360
00:20:25,079 --> 00:20:28,119
to sixty. But again, I can't cover everything in a podcast,

361
00:20:28,119 --> 00:20:30,519
and there's always a hater out there that's going to say, well,

362
00:20:30,559 --> 00:20:33,440
he didn't say this whatever. Then I eagerly encourage them

363
00:20:33,440 --> 00:20:35,880
to create their own podcasts and do whatever the hell

364
00:20:35,920 --> 00:20:37,880
they want to do. But I got to do the

365
00:20:37,880 --> 00:20:39,839
best I can to keep it rolling. So we're gonna

366
00:20:39,880 --> 00:20:43,440
go with seventy five degree terminals. Okay, So into that

367
00:20:43,519 --> 00:20:48,200
scenario is in that perfect world, okay, thirty degrees celsius,

368
00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:50,759
eighty six trees fahrenheit, terminals rated seventy five degrees C

369
00:20:51,079 --> 00:20:54,400
and no more than three current current conductors in that raceway,

370
00:20:55,200 --> 00:20:57,680
then I'm gonna say the eight copper is good to go.

371
00:20:57,720 --> 00:21:00,400
It's good for fifty amps. We are good to go

372
00:21:00,559 --> 00:21:04,000
based on the criteria that we have so far. Okay,

373
00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:09,480
now let's take this to another level. That's a perfect

374
00:21:09,519 --> 00:21:14,480
world scenario. Now, by the way, if the lugs were

375
00:21:15,599 --> 00:21:19,839
sixty degree rated, okay, or I'm in a job site,

376
00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:22,039
I go to a job site, I can't tell what

377
00:21:22,079 --> 00:21:24,920
the lugs are rated at either end, How would I

378
00:21:24,960 --> 00:21:29,759
apply this to that same scenario? Even though it's thhn,

379
00:21:29,839 --> 00:21:32,680
it's ninety degree C. I'm not going to assume the

380
00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:37,160
seventy five degree conductor rating. I mean the terminal rating.

381
00:21:37,519 --> 00:21:40,880
So I'm going to say, well, since I can't verify

382
00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:44,359
that in the real world, all I can look at

383
00:21:44,400 --> 00:21:47,440
and go, well, yes, the insulation a conductor is over

384
00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:49,759
seventy five, but I have no idea what that terminal

385
00:21:49,839 --> 00:21:52,160
rating is. I can't tell I can't see it. Or

386
00:21:52,160 --> 00:21:53,480
I may be able to see the breaker, but I

387
00:21:53,519 --> 00:21:56,839
can't tell by the equipment. Well, in that case, even

388
00:21:56,839 --> 00:21:59,559
though it's thhhn, you're gonna have to fall to the

389
00:21:59,599 --> 00:22:03,599
six degree column, why because one ten fourteen C one

390
00:22:03,759 --> 00:22:07,559
he tells us that. So in that case, if I'm

391
00:22:07,720 --> 00:22:10,160
locked into the sixty degree column because I have of

392
00:22:10,200 --> 00:22:13,400
a lack of information, then I got to go down

393
00:22:13,440 --> 00:22:15,799
and say, okay, I still got to cover that fifty five.

394
00:22:15,880 --> 00:22:18,119
So in that case, it would be a six gauge

395
00:22:18,400 --> 00:22:20,640
because that is good for fifty five amps, so it

396
00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:23,960
can easily handle the fifty, whereas an eight gauge is

397
00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:27,400
only good for forty. You see what I'm saying. That's

398
00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:30,759
how you have to mentally think about it, and you've

399
00:22:30,799 --> 00:22:33,000
got to know all these pieces. Folks. I've told you

400
00:22:33,039 --> 00:22:36,519
this in many podcasts that one of the hardest things

401
00:22:36,200 --> 00:22:41,119
for people to grasp is opacities and adjustment and corrections

402
00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:45,319
and how you would maneuver back and forth understanding apacities.

403
00:22:45,880 --> 00:22:50,160
It's tough, it's not easy, and it's it, but it

404
00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:54,000
is easy to make a mistake. Okay, okay. Now let's

405
00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:58,160
go on to adjustment and corrections. Okay, And this is

406
00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:01,720
where a lot of people start to tumble along the

407
00:23:01,839 --> 00:23:04,799
side and it gets confusing for them. So let's start

408
00:23:04,799 --> 00:23:08,319
out with understanding some fundamentals. So what we're going to

409
00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:12,640
talk about is adjustments. Now, what is an adjustment. An

410
00:23:12,720 --> 00:23:16,000
adjustment is the number of current current conductors that you

411
00:23:16,119 --> 00:23:19,200
have in a race way, in a cable bundled together,

412
00:23:19,920 --> 00:23:22,160
things like that, if you're going to have more than

413
00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:27,400
three okay, okay, more than three, or let's say four more,

414
00:23:28,039 --> 00:23:31,039
you're going to have to make an adjustment to the

415
00:23:31,079 --> 00:23:35,039
opacity of that conductor. So it's not going to have

416
00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:39,559
the same apacity that you started out with because there's

417
00:23:39,599 --> 00:23:41,880
going to be mutual heating. That means you've got other

418
00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:45,839
conductors more than three. It's obviously not optimal for three

419
00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:49,359
ten sixteen, So you're going to have to modify the

420
00:23:49,440 --> 00:23:53,480
apacity that's the baseline of this table in some way,

421
00:23:54,039 --> 00:23:56,720
and that's what we call an adjustment. So I could

422
00:23:56,759 --> 00:23:59,640
have four current current conductors in there, I could have

423
00:23:59,720 --> 00:24:02,279
five current current, I could have six, I could have ten.

424
00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:06,279
All of those current current conductors over three are going

425
00:24:06,319 --> 00:24:10,440
to play a role on how much actual current that

426
00:24:10,519 --> 00:24:13,799
those conductors that are together in that raceway can carry

427
00:24:14,000 --> 00:24:16,640
or in that bundle of cable. It's going to have

428
00:24:16,799 --> 00:24:21,079
an impact on that. Now where do we see that at?

429
00:24:21,359 --> 00:24:23,400
So if you're new to the code, and you know,

430
00:24:23,480 --> 00:24:26,039
maybe you're studying in your first time, then you're going

431
00:24:26,119 --> 00:24:29,160
to get familiar with three ten dot fifteen and three

432
00:24:29,160 --> 00:24:34,759
ten dot fifteen is kind of giving foundational information about bundling,

433
00:24:34,920 --> 00:24:38,279
about the number of current carer conductors, all these type

434
00:24:38,279 --> 00:24:41,039
of things, So get familiar with it. But the first

435
00:24:41,039 --> 00:24:44,960
one we'll look at is three ten dot fifteen C. Now,

436
00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:48,359
three ten dot fifteen C is talking about again adjustments,

437
00:24:48,440 --> 00:24:50,480
And I'll read it to you from the code so

438
00:24:50,519 --> 00:24:54,720
that you understand it verbatim. It says three ten dot

439
00:24:54,759 --> 00:24:58,720
fifteen C adjustment factors C one. It says more than

440
00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:01,440
three current carrent conduct So that is the trigger here.

441
00:25:02,279 --> 00:25:04,920
If it's not more than three current car conductors and

442
00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:07,759
the ambient temperature is still thirty degrees salesius eighty six

443
00:25:07,759 --> 00:25:11,240
streets fahrenheit, and guess what, you just pull opacity straight

444
00:25:11,279 --> 00:25:13,720
from the table. Happy, Happy, and you just go on

445
00:25:13,759 --> 00:25:17,240
your merry way. But if there is something in there

446
00:25:17,240 --> 00:25:20,200
that's going to require a trigger of an adjustment, you

447
00:25:20,279 --> 00:25:22,440
got to understand how to do it. And here's what

448
00:25:22,480 --> 00:25:25,480
the code says. It says the opacity of each conductor

449
00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:29,440
shall be reduced as shown. Okay, so it's telling you

450
00:25:29,599 --> 00:25:33,319
right away the apacity baseline in three ten dot sixteen

451
00:25:33,400 --> 00:25:37,640
is going to get reduced based on the values that

452
00:25:37,680 --> 00:25:40,079
are given in a table. And that table is three

453
00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:43,400
ten fifteen C one and it says where the number

454
00:25:43,440 --> 00:25:48,160
of current carent conductors in a raceway or cable exceeds three,

455
00:25:49,240 --> 00:25:55,160
or where single conductors or multiiconductor cables not installed in

456
00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:59,000
a raceway. That means they're cables like nonmatology cables that

457
00:25:59,039 --> 00:26:01,559
are just you know, tie wrap together in a big

458
00:26:01,680 --> 00:26:06,240
bundled mass, that type of thing. They're installed without maintaining

459
00:26:06,279 --> 00:26:10,200
spacing continuously and links longer than twenty four inches, so

460
00:26:10,240 --> 00:26:14,079
I'm basically anything over twenty four inches. If they're not

461
00:26:14,319 --> 00:26:17,880
maintaining spacing, then they're bundled, and that's going to affect

462
00:26:17,920 --> 00:26:20,480
the opacity of those conductors that are in those cables

463
00:26:21,119 --> 00:26:26,359
because the heat can't dissipate it's locked in this bundle, right,

464
00:26:27,240 --> 00:26:29,920
So that's it's going to affect what the apacity is

465
00:26:30,039 --> 00:26:33,319
of that the conductors that are in that massive bundle.

466
00:26:33,519 --> 00:26:37,680
You get me all right? Now? It says every current

467
00:26:37,759 --> 00:26:41,279
carrying conductor of a parallel set of conductors shall be

468
00:26:41,359 --> 00:26:45,440
counted as a current carrying conductor. Right, So if I

469
00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:51,720
have a parallel sets of three blacks, three reds, three blues, okay,

470
00:26:51,880 --> 00:26:55,640
then every one of those conductors are considered current carry conductors.

471
00:26:55,799 --> 00:26:58,599
So if I have three sets, three blacks, three sets,

472
00:26:59,279 --> 00:27:01,920
then it's three blacks in a raceway whatever, they would

473
00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:06,799
all be considered current carent conductors. Basically what you're saying, Okay.

474
00:27:06,880 --> 00:27:09,000
Now it goes on to say where the conductors of

475
00:27:09,039 --> 00:27:12,839
different systems are provided in three hundred dot three are

476
00:27:12,839 --> 00:27:16,400
installed in a common raceway or cable, it says the

477
00:27:16,400 --> 00:27:19,319
adjustment factor shown in three ten fifteen C one shall

478
00:27:19,359 --> 00:27:22,680
apply only to the number of power and lighting conductors.

479
00:27:22,759 --> 00:27:27,279
So that's a situation where you may have other conductors

480
00:27:27,359 --> 00:27:30,680
let's say signaling and control that actually have the equal

481
00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:33,440
insulation rating on it. Maybe it's the same insulation rating

482
00:27:33,519 --> 00:27:36,799
ninety degree C as the power in lighting, but they're

483
00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:41,559
not power in lighting, so you don't count those as

484
00:27:41,640 --> 00:27:45,039
current current conductors. Okay, You're only going to apply it

485
00:27:45,079 --> 00:27:47,759
to the power in lighting conductors because they're the ones

486
00:27:47,759 --> 00:27:51,759
that are going to generate significant heat. Okay, So that's

487
00:27:51,799 --> 00:27:54,920
what it's saying. Okay, So that's the basic and of

488
00:27:54,920 --> 00:27:57,400
course I will tell you that C one also goes

489
00:27:57,440 --> 00:27:59,359
down and talks about what you have to do for

490
00:27:59,519 --> 00:28:04,000
cable t It reminds you of adjustment factors shall not

491
00:28:04,039 --> 00:28:06,880
apply to conductors in raceways that have a length of

492
00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:09,559
not exceeding twenty four inches. So if you have like

493
00:28:09,599 --> 00:28:12,440
what people call a nipple and many people say, well,

494
00:28:12,480 --> 00:28:15,799
and nipple's eighteen inches or nipples twenty four inches. Get

495
00:28:15,799 --> 00:28:18,920
out of that mode. Really, it's go by what the

496
00:28:18,960 --> 00:28:21,960
code says. The code's not calling it a nipple here,

497
00:28:22,359 --> 00:28:25,960
it's just giving you a distance. So I could have

498
00:28:26,079 --> 00:28:30,039
a twenty four inch or less raceway between two boxes,

499
00:28:30,759 --> 00:28:34,640
and yes, I might have a problem with raceway, phil,

500
00:28:34,799 --> 00:28:38,960
but I don't have to apply adjustment factors that apply

501
00:28:39,079 --> 00:28:43,000
here when it's only twenty four inches or less. Why

502
00:28:43,119 --> 00:28:45,400
because it's short enough that the heat's going to dissipate

503
00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:47,240
out of it. Now, you're still gonna have raceway pill

504
00:28:47,319 --> 00:28:49,240
issues that you got to be aware of, and you

505
00:28:49,319 --> 00:28:52,400
could have an ambient temperature that you're gonna have to

506
00:28:52,400 --> 00:28:55,559
do a correction for. But you just don't have to

507
00:28:55,559 --> 00:29:00,960
worry about the adjustment because it's such a small raceway. Okay,

508
00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:04,440
I just want to want to point that out. Also,

509
00:29:04,519 --> 00:29:08,039
you have other things for underground conductors as emerged and

510
00:29:08,160 --> 00:29:10,920
leave from a trench, you got some relaxation for that.

511
00:29:11,839 --> 00:29:15,240
You also have relaxation for AC cable and MC cable.

512
00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:19,200
It's very strict caveats that you have to meet, whereas

513
00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:22,240
you can't a cable overall, doesn't have to can't have

514
00:29:22,279 --> 00:29:25,799
any PVC jacketing on it. It's just metal. Also, we're

515
00:29:25,799 --> 00:29:28,079
talking MC or AC by the way. And then the

516
00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:30,599
cable is not more than three current carry conductors in

517
00:29:30,680 --> 00:29:33,359
each of the cables, the conductors inside of it are

518
00:29:33,359 --> 00:29:36,240
at twelve gage and not a fourteen or not a ten.

519
00:29:36,319 --> 00:29:39,039
They're all got to be twelve and in as long

520
00:29:39,079 --> 00:29:41,759
as your bundle is not more than twenty current carrying

521
00:29:41,759 --> 00:29:46,720
conductors that are stacked or supported on bridle rings that

522
00:29:46,839 --> 00:29:49,200
act like they're being bundled. As long as you're not

523
00:29:49,240 --> 00:29:52,880
exceeding twenty current carry conductors collectively with all of the cables,

524
00:29:53,640 --> 00:29:58,599
then you don't have to apply this adjustment. So that

525
00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:00,960
can help you out in a commercial environment. Just got

526
00:30:00,960 --> 00:30:03,559
to know how many MC cables you're putting together, so

527
00:30:03,640 --> 00:30:05,400
you don't bridge this, and you got to make sure

528
00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:07,559
that you meet all these caveats, and you can ignore

529
00:30:07,599 --> 00:30:11,960
this adjustment factor. Again, that's not removing the ambient correction.

530
00:30:12,119 --> 00:30:16,640
This is just an adjustment rule that you get to ignore. Now,

531
00:30:17,160 --> 00:30:19,880
if none of these applied, then you know you still

532
00:30:19,880 --> 00:30:22,400
are going to have this. If any of these allowances

533
00:30:22,440 --> 00:30:25,519
don't apply, and you just have a raceway with conductors

534
00:30:25,559 --> 00:30:28,079
in it, and you exceed three current carry conductors, then

535
00:30:28,079 --> 00:30:30,880
you're going to have to do an adjustment. And what

536
00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:33,559
is that going to fundamentally do. It's going to reduce

537
00:30:33,640 --> 00:30:36,640
the current carrying ability of that conductor. And if you

538
00:30:36,680 --> 00:30:38,160
put a lot of them in there, ultimately you can

539
00:30:38,240 --> 00:30:40,359
end up with a conductor that can't carry any current.

540
00:30:42,000 --> 00:30:43,839
And you think, well, it's still a conductor, it can

541
00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:47,440
obviously carry current. Yeah, but if the conductor is now

542
00:30:47,480 --> 00:30:51,400
compromised because you violate the code and now it has

543
00:30:51,480 --> 00:30:54,960
mutual heating, it's a matter of time before that insulation

544
00:30:55,119 --> 00:30:59,400
will break down and fail. And then somebody like me

545
00:30:59,440 --> 00:31:01,559
comes along, gets hired as an expert witness, and then

546
00:31:01,559 --> 00:31:03,359
we find out you didn't follow the code. And of

547
00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:05,799
course it may not be the reason the building burned down,

548
00:31:05,799 --> 00:31:07,759
but guess what if we can tie back to something

549
00:31:07,799 --> 00:31:11,960
you did wrong. Insurances love that, and we as experts

550
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:14,960
get paid good money to point the blame at other people.

551
00:31:15,559 --> 00:31:19,680
So just follow the code. Make it simple, Okay, So

552
00:31:19,759 --> 00:31:22,680
let's look at some example. Well real quick, let's jump

553
00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:25,519
to the other Let's let's cover these first, and then

554
00:31:25,559 --> 00:31:29,519
we'll give you some order of how you do these

555
00:31:29,559 --> 00:31:32,000
and how you would calculate these outs things to think about.

556
00:31:32,279 --> 00:31:36,079
So that was the adjustment issue in three ten fifteen C. One.

557
00:31:36,519 --> 00:31:40,039
Now let's let's talk about the correction issue. This is

558
00:31:40,079 --> 00:31:44,880
where the ambient temperature that you're placing these conductors in

559
00:31:46,039 --> 00:31:49,960
are not in alignment with the general rules of three

560
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:54,839
ten sixteen. So I'm putting these conductors at this capacity

561
00:31:55,400 --> 00:31:59,400
in an environment, in this race way, in an ambient

562
00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:03,119
temperature that is other than thirty degrees celsius and eighty

563
00:32:03,119 --> 00:32:06,400
six streets parrit which is be honest with you, probably

564
00:32:06,680 --> 00:32:09,440
inside of a building that's conditioned space, you don't worry

565
00:32:09,480 --> 00:32:11,559
about it that much when it comes to the ambient

566
00:32:11,640 --> 00:32:16,039
because it's typically you know, it's a typically it's not

567
00:32:16,799 --> 00:32:19,359
something you think too much about. You think more about

568
00:32:19,359 --> 00:32:24,279
the adjustment than you do the correction. Now, if I'm

569
00:32:24,319 --> 00:32:27,200
taking a raceway and I'm taking it through let's say

570
00:32:27,200 --> 00:32:29,240
a boiler room, or I'm taking it through an area

571
00:32:29,240 --> 00:32:32,799
where we have a actually known documented elevated ambient because

572
00:32:32,799 --> 00:32:37,680
of the environment that I'm going into, that's different because

573
00:32:37,720 --> 00:32:40,720
that is going to have a direct impact on the

574
00:32:41,319 --> 00:32:44,319
ambient temperature as well as the annular temperature inside of

575
00:32:44,359 --> 00:32:47,720
the actual raceway itself, and so that's going to affect

576
00:32:47,759 --> 00:32:52,880
the opacity of that conductor. Now, how does it affect it? Well,

577
00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:56,920
what we have to go look at now is three

578
00:32:57,079 --> 00:33:01,640
ten fifteen B one And when we look at three

579
00:33:01,640 --> 00:33:04,160
ten fifteen B one, which is going to ultimately tell

580
00:33:04,240 --> 00:33:06,720
us that we're going to be looking at table three

581
00:33:06,720 --> 00:33:09,720
ten fifteen B one one or three ten fifteen B

582
00:33:09,839 --> 00:33:12,079
one two. Now, again this is for the twenty twenty

583
00:33:12,119 --> 00:33:14,960
three edition of the neec UH. Before it was just

584
00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:19,400
three ten fifteen B one. In three ten fifteen B two,

585
00:33:20,160 --> 00:33:23,079
they're the same thing. Okay, it's just number of changes.

586
00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:25,680
So again, if you're in an older edition, don't let

587
00:33:25,720 --> 00:33:30,000
it spook you. It's the same concept, same fundamentals. It's not,

588
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:33,920
you know, not anything more complicated than that. Now, one

589
00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:36,680
question I get from people that they ask me, Paul,

590
00:33:37,160 --> 00:33:40,359
what is the difference between three ten fifteen B one

591
00:33:40,400 --> 00:33:46,759
one and three ten fifteen B one two. What's the difference. Well,

592
00:33:46,799 --> 00:33:48,400
you're going to be used in three ten fifteen B

593
00:33:48,480 --> 00:33:50,920
one one for ninety nine point nine nine nine nine

594
00:33:50,960 --> 00:33:53,880
percent of your applications, because that aligns itself with a

595
00:33:53,960 --> 00:33:58,880
thirty degree C eighty six degree fahrenheight baseline opacities. You'll

596
00:33:58,920 --> 00:34:00,640
notice if you look at three ten fifteen B one

597
00:34:00,759 --> 00:34:02,920
two that in the header of the text of the

598
00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:06,160
title of the table, you notice it says for ambient

599
00:34:06,200 --> 00:34:10,440
temperatures other than forty degrees C, whereas the three ten

600
00:34:10,519 --> 00:34:13,719
fifteen B one one says thirty degrees C. That's because

601
00:34:14,039 --> 00:34:17,079
under table three ten sixteen for ampacity, Remember I told

602
00:34:17,079 --> 00:34:19,440
you that it's based on the baseline of thirty degrees

603
00:34:19,480 --> 00:34:22,480
sales is s eighty six street fahrenheit. So when we're

604
00:34:22,519 --> 00:34:26,039
adjusting or in this case for the ambient temperature we're

605
00:34:26,079 --> 00:34:30,440
correcting from the baseline apacity, we're going to be doing

606
00:34:30,480 --> 00:34:33,199
it based on the value that's under the thirty degree

607
00:34:33,239 --> 00:34:36,559
c baseline of three ten sixteen. So you're saying, well,

608
00:34:36,559 --> 00:34:40,119
when would I use three ten dot fifteen B one two, Well,

609
00:34:40,159 --> 00:34:43,679
that is if you're using other tables, for example like

610
00:34:44,400 --> 00:34:49,320
three ten dot eighteen, three ten dot nineteen, those type

611
00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:52,079
of tables, Well, if you're using those, then they're going

612
00:34:52,119 --> 00:34:56,559
to have a different ampacity value baseline on those ampacity tables.

613
00:34:57,440 --> 00:34:59,679
So if you were to take a second and just

614
00:34:59,719 --> 00:35:03,239
go look under the tables. For example, go look at

615
00:35:03,280 --> 00:35:06,599
three ten dot seventeen. You'll notice that three ten dots

616
00:35:06,599 --> 00:35:09,119
seventeen is still based on thirty degree C eighty six

617
00:35:09,199 --> 00:35:11,880
treees heronite. So even three ten dot seventeen, which is

618
00:35:12,320 --> 00:35:15,800
again single insulated conductors in free air, the opacity is

619
00:35:15,840 --> 00:35:20,400
still going to use the correction table three ten fifteen

620
00:35:20,480 --> 00:35:23,199
B one one. But if you go down and look

621
00:35:23,199 --> 00:35:26,760
at three ten dot eighteen, you'll notice remember at the beginning,

622
00:35:26,800 --> 00:35:29,159
not in the table, but at the beginning the charging statement,

623
00:35:29,199 --> 00:35:32,360
the one, two, three, and four the caveats. If you will,

624
00:35:32,960 --> 00:35:37,199
you'll notice that it's based on forty degrees C. Same

625
00:35:37,239 --> 00:35:40,159
thing with three ten dot nineteen. It's based on forty

626
00:35:40,199 --> 00:35:45,960
degrees C, which aligns itself with the opacities of this table,

627
00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:51,840
align itself with the correction table three ten fifteen B

628
00:35:51,920 --> 00:35:56,280
one two. If that makes sense. That is something that

629
00:35:56,599 --> 00:35:59,519
many people, and there are some people out there that say, well,

630
00:35:59,519 --> 00:36:02,440
go on and take your pen or marker and mark

631
00:36:02,480 --> 00:36:04,800
out three ten dot fifteen B one two. I would

632
00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:07,360
never tell you to do that, because you just never

633
00:36:07,559 --> 00:36:10,960
know when an obscure question is going to come on

634
00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:13,519
an exam that you're going to need to use that table,

635
00:36:13,559 --> 00:36:15,360
and I would not want to do anything that's going

636
00:36:15,440 --> 00:36:17,400
to draw my attention away from it and think I

637
00:36:17,480 --> 00:36:20,119
never would use it. But for all of your in

638
00:36:20,159 --> 00:36:23,559
the field, all of your practical uses, you're going to

639
00:36:23,599 --> 00:36:25,920
be using three ten fifteen B one one. Okay, And

640
00:36:25,960 --> 00:36:28,480
for you earlier cycle folks, at three ten fifteen B one,

641
00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:31,079
that's what you're going to be using when it comes

642
00:36:31,159 --> 00:36:34,599
to the correction due to ambient temperature. Again, that's other

643
00:36:34,639 --> 00:36:38,519
than thirty degrees celsius eighty six streets Fairney. Now, let's

644
00:36:38,519 --> 00:36:41,519
talk a little bit about that table real quickly. So

645
00:36:41,599 --> 00:36:45,440
if you look at three ten fifteen B one one,

646
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:48,480
you'll notice this table is broken down a little bit

647
00:36:48,599 --> 00:36:52,679
into again columns. You'll have the big column on the

648
00:36:52,719 --> 00:36:55,639
left that says ambient temperature, and you have a big

649
00:36:55,679 --> 00:36:57,679
column on the right this is ambient temperature. One is

650
00:36:57,679 --> 00:37:00,880
in fahrenheit, one is in celsius. Look at it's not complicated.

651
00:37:00,920 --> 00:37:05,639
We typically conductors, it's whatever. On an exam, it's whichever

652
00:37:05,719 --> 00:37:07,440
you want to use. But in the real world we

653
00:37:07,519 --> 00:37:10,719
typically stick to fahrenheit because that's most of our thermometers

654
00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:14,199
or temperature IR equipment, everything is is pretty much given

655
00:37:14,199 --> 00:37:16,440
it to us in fahrenheit. But it doesn't really matter

656
00:37:16,920 --> 00:37:19,639
because if you look at it, they're equivalent. Whether you

657
00:37:19,760 --> 00:37:23,599
go across the line from left to right, it doesn't matter. Now,

658
00:37:23,679 --> 00:37:25,599
one of the key takeaways that I want to talk

659
00:37:25,639 --> 00:37:28,400
about is look at the middle column where it says

660
00:37:28,440 --> 00:37:33,880
temperature ratings of conductor. Now, when you're implying applying this table,

661
00:37:34,480 --> 00:37:37,320
it's based on the modifier that you're going to use

662
00:37:37,360 --> 00:37:41,840
here is based on whatever the insulation is of the conductor.

663
00:37:42,960 --> 00:37:45,360
It's not based on the opacity tables in three ten,

664
00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:50,599
sixteen sixty seventy five. It's based on the conductor's insallation rating.

665
00:37:51,800 --> 00:37:54,639
So for example, if I'm doing thajhen and I'm going

666
00:37:54,679 --> 00:37:57,199
to be doing an adjustment of correction because i have

667
00:37:57,280 --> 00:38:00,519
an elevated ambient temperature and so I'm a allowed to

668
00:38:00,679 --> 00:38:05,960
use the ninety degree capacity to start my calculation. Then

669
00:38:06,039 --> 00:38:07,719
when I come over here to find out what my

670
00:38:07,800 --> 00:38:10,119
multiplier is going to be, I'm going to be under

671
00:38:10,159 --> 00:38:14,400
the ninety degree column because that's what the insulation is

672
00:38:14,519 --> 00:38:19,280
on my conductor. You get me. So that's where people

673
00:38:19,320 --> 00:38:22,639
a lot of times will get lost. Now, if it

674
00:38:22,679 --> 00:38:26,760
washwn for example, and I was doing an application where

675
00:38:26,800 --> 00:38:29,639
it's in an environment, a wet location. It wasn't thhwn

676
00:38:29,719 --> 00:38:32,559
dash too, but it was just thhwn. Then it only

677
00:38:32,599 --> 00:38:36,239
has one h so that means it's seventy five. So

678
00:38:36,320 --> 00:38:39,639
if I'm going to do a correction from an ambient

679
00:38:39,639 --> 00:38:42,400
temperature other than thirty degrees salesia sagey six streets fareheit,

680
00:38:42,480 --> 00:38:44,920
and I end up having to find what my multiplier is,

681
00:38:45,360 --> 00:38:46,920
then when I come here, I'm going to be under

682
00:38:46,920 --> 00:38:49,280
the seventy five degree column. I can't use the ninety

683
00:38:49,639 --> 00:38:53,679
why because that insulation on that conductor is not rated

684
00:38:53,760 --> 00:38:57,760
ninety in that environment, it's only rated seventy five. So

685
00:38:57,800 --> 00:39:00,360
that's why I'm stuck to get my multiplier under the

686
00:39:00,440 --> 00:39:05,000
seventy five degree column depending on what the ambient temperature

687
00:39:05,159 --> 00:39:08,840
is based in fahrenheit or celsius. And that's why it's

688
00:39:08,840 --> 00:39:11,159
so important folks on an exam that you have a

689
00:39:11,159 --> 00:39:15,119
slide rule or a ruler or the edge of your

690
00:39:15,400 --> 00:39:17,800
maybe your scratch paper to use to make sure that

691
00:39:17,840 --> 00:39:20,800
you go cause these when you get into a stressful environment,

692
00:39:21,400 --> 00:39:24,519
you can forget, you know, kind of get your lines

693
00:39:24,599 --> 00:39:26,320
messed up and I want to make sure that you're

694
00:39:26,360 --> 00:39:31,280
moving across the tables accurately. So give you a straight

695
00:39:31,360 --> 00:39:33,360
edge or something with a straight line so you can

696
00:39:33,400 --> 00:39:35,679
make sure you're in the right column, so you have

697
00:39:35,760 --> 00:39:38,239
the right multiplier that you're going to be using. Okay,

698
00:39:38,880 --> 00:39:41,039
now you'll notice that in the middle of this, you

699
00:39:41,079 --> 00:39:43,639
see that one point zero zero for the sixty to

700
00:39:43,760 --> 00:39:46,000
seventy five nine that's right in the middle. If you

701
00:39:46,039 --> 00:39:48,920
go to the left, you'll notice how convenient that is,

702
00:39:48,960 --> 00:39:51,360
twenty six to thirty degrees celsius, And if you go

703
00:39:51,400 --> 00:39:53,559
to the right, it's seventy eight to eighty six, so

704
00:39:53,639 --> 00:39:55,920
eighty six being the max based on the opacity of

705
00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:59,639
three ten sixteen, it's thirty degrees celsius a sixteen fahrenheit.

706
00:39:59,719 --> 00:40:02,199
That's why that the muliplier is one point zero zero,

707
00:40:02,239 --> 00:40:06,000
So it's basically one for one. There is nothing that

708
00:40:06,119 --> 00:40:08,760
changes if that's what you have, and if you had that,

709
00:40:08,840 --> 00:40:12,199
you didn't even need to go here. Okay, but it

710
00:40:12,280 --> 00:40:16,079
is right here, Okay, So anyway, that just kind of

711
00:40:16,119 --> 00:40:20,440
wanted to point that out so that everybody is really familiar. Also,

712
00:40:20,480 --> 00:40:22,000
if you look at the bottom, and I've had to

713
00:40:22,039 --> 00:40:24,480
explain this to people what I told you earlier on

714
00:40:24,559 --> 00:40:27,079
which tables of opacity go for which one of these?

715
00:40:27,519 --> 00:40:29,760
You'll notice there's a note at the bottom, and the

716
00:40:29,800 --> 00:40:32,800
note says that three ten fifteen B one one shall

717
00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:35,559
be used for tables three ten sixteen and tables three

718
00:40:35,559 --> 00:40:39,920
ten seventeen. Okay, you notice that, So that should answer that,

719
00:40:40,000 --> 00:40:43,280
because again I still get an amazing amount of questions, but

720
00:40:43,400 --> 00:40:46,800
it's right there in the note. Yet I still get,

721
00:40:47,239 --> 00:40:50,360
probably at least once or twice a week, the question

722
00:40:50,480 --> 00:40:52,320
on this on which table should I use? When it

723
00:40:52,360 --> 00:40:55,440
was right there in front of you, And if you

724
00:40:55,559 --> 00:40:59,760
fell into that trap, then you fall under reading comprehension

725
00:40:59,840 --> 00:41:02,639
is use And that's why our fast Tracks program is

726
00:41:02,679 --> 00:41:06,320
designed the way it is. It's a structured learning program

727
00:41:06,360 --> 00:41:08,840
that walks you through these things to make you think,

728
00:41:09,639 --> 00:41:13,360
because these aren't just exam stuff. This is real world

729
00:41:13,440 --> 00:41:17,679
and you can get a conductor sized improperly, very quickly.

730
00:41:18,239 --> 00:41:20,440
And so again I like to point out all these

731
00:41:20,440 --> 00:41:24,360
little things because it really helps you understand the nuances

732
00:41:24,440 --> 00:41:28,480
of the code. And these are notes, they're not informational notes. Okay,

733
00:41:28,480 --> 00:41:31,079
there's a difference these notes. When you just see a

734
00:41:31,119 --> 00:41:34,280
note under a table, it is very much applicable, or

735
00:41:34,280 --> 00:41:37,239
I should say, applies very much to the rule. Whereas

736
00:41:37,239 --> 00:41:41,320
if you see informational note, it doesn't apply. It's not enforceable.

737
00:41:41,360 --> 00:41:44,639
It's just good information. It's a learning tool. It maybe

738
00:41:44,679 --> 00:41:48,320
gives you some guidance. But when you see note under

739
00:41:48,360 --> 00:41:51,000
tables or notes used in the code under a section,

740
00:41:51,800 --> 00:41:55,360
it is very much still a code rule. In other words,

741
00:41:55,360 --> 00:42:00,559
these notes apply to the code. It's not optional. Okay,

742
00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:04,000
you get what I'm saying. Okay, all right, So let's

743
00:42:04,039 --> 00:42:06,760
think of the structure of how we would flow through this.

744
00:42:07,760 --> 00:42:11,679
Let's start with the order of matter. We start with

745
00:42:11,719 --> 00:42:14,599
the ninety degree c apacity. That's what we would start with.

746
00:42:14,760 --> 00:42:17,880
If the conductor is rated, the insulation is rated for

747
00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:21,119
ninety Okay, we start with this and go okay, it's

748
00:42:21,199 --> 00:42:25,280
rated for ninety right, and again we're not adding any

749
00:42:25,400 --> 00:42:27,400
terminations in it right now. We'll let that be the

750
00:42:27,480 --> 00:42:29,920
last step. But first things first, we start with the

751
00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:34,880
ninety degree opacity. Now we apply the modifiers, whether it's

752
00:42:35,119 --> 00:42:38,079
applied the adjustments if it's more than three current carry conductors,

753
00:42:38,199 --> 00:42:40,679
or we apply the correction if the ambient temperature is

754
00:42:40,760 --> 00:42:45,159
other than that's greater than or less than thirty degrees

755
00:42:45,239 --> 00:42:49,000
celsius eighty sixtreets fahrenheit, and then we select a conductor

756
00:42:49,039 --> 00:42:53,440
based on the seventy five degree column due to the termination. Okay,

757
00:42:53,599 --> 00:42:58,679
so that's the easiest way to do it because basically

758
00:42:58,719 --> 00:43:04,360
you just find the conductor under the ninety right and

759
00:43:04,400 --> 00:43:08,159
then apply multiply by the modifiers, so it would be

760
00:43:08,239 --> 00:43:12,239
ninety times whatever it be points seven zero for the adjustment,

761
00:43:12,519 --> 00:43:15,440
and then another times another point seven zero, let's say

762
00:43:15,519 --> 00:43:17,519
for the correction, depending on which one you're using from

763
00:43:17,519 --> 00:43:19,679
the tables, and then you're gonna end it. You're gonna

764
00:43:19,679 --> 00:43:24,920
get an end opacity. That end apacity is what you're

765
00:43:24,960 --> 00:43:27,239
going to look under the seventy five degree column and

766
00:43:27,320 --> 00:43:30,000
make sure one you've got a conductor that can handle

767
00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:34,840
the load that's important, okay, and that you're not going

768
00:43:34,920 --> 00:43:40,239
to have a load that exceeds the new calculated capacity.

769
00:43:40,639 --> 00:43:44,480
But also you're not exceeding the limitations under the seventy

770
00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:47,280
five degree column because that was the terminals. They're limited

771
00:43:47,320 --> 00:43:51,320
to that. And this just keeps it simple. Now, one

772
00:43:51,360 --> 00:43:53,960
other way you could do it is if you have

773
00:43:54,159 --> 00:43:57,119
you could actually look at what load you have and

774
00:43:57,159 --> 00:43:59,639
you say, look, I gotta have this load. This is

775
00:43:59,639 --> 00:44:01,559
my load, this is my amps, this is what I need.

776
00:44:02,199 --> 00:44:04,760
Now I need to see what size conductor I need

777
00:44:04,800 --> 00:44:07,360
to have based on the fact that I've got adjustment

778
00:44:07,400 --> 00:44:10,599
of corrections. So you start with your load that you

779
00:44:10,679 --> 00:44:13,599
have to have, say fifty amps, and then you use

780
00:44:13,639 --> 00:44:17,639
division and you go fifty amps divided by point seven

781
00:44:17,800 --> 00:44:20,599
zero divided by point seven zero, and that's going to

782
00:44:20,679 --> 00:44:25,119
give you an opacity value. Then you take that and

783
00:44:25,159 --> 00:44:27,119
then you go to the ninety degree column and you

784
00:44:27,159 --> 00:44:29,920
find a conductor that has equal to or greater than

785
00:44:29,920 --> 00:44:33,280
that apacity that you just did. Then once you find that,

786
00:44:33,800 --> 00:44:36,320
you can check your math by now using multiplication and

787
00:44:36,360 --> 00:44:39,119
go the other way, and it should be greater than

788
00:44:39,239 --> 00:44:42,599
or equal to the apacity that you need. It should

789
00:44:42,639 --> 00:44:45,519
be more okay, or equal to. So there's two different

790
00:44:45,559 --> 00:44:48,039
ways to do it. Now, if that is confusing for you,

791
00:44:48,800 --> 00:44:51,719
do me a favor, because again, podcasts can be confusing,

792
00:44:51,760 --> 00:44:55,239
and there's just different two ways to approach this. In

793
00:44:55,280 --> 00:44:58,440
the real world, I say keep it simple unless you're

794
00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:01,480
dealing with non metallic sheat cable. Uh, you know, if

795
00:45:01,519 --> 00:45:04,079
you're just dealing with conductors and race ways, th hhn's

796
00:45:04,119 --> 00:45:07,599
and things like that. Then automatically, whatever load you need,

797
00:45:07,760 --> 00:45:09,719
go to the ninety. If you know you've got adjustment

798
00:45:09,719 --> 00:45:13,599
of corrections, go to the ninety and then once you're there,

799
00:45:13,800 --> 00:45:17,079
then you can apply your modifiers, multiply it by whatever

800
00:45:17,159 --> 00:45:20,480
it comes from table three ten fifteen B one to one,

801
00:45:21,039 --> 00:45:23,800
and then multiply again by whatever you get three ten

802
00:45:23,920 --> 00:45:26,440
fifteen C one and that's going to be your in

803
00:45:26,679 --> 00:45:31,480
that's your new apacity. Okay. Now you just go to

804
00:45:31,519 --> 00:45:33,800
the seventy five degree column and pick a conductor that

805
00:45:33,800 --> 00:45:37,599
can that equals equals are greater than that apacity, and

806
00:45:37,639 --> 00:45:42,159
you're done because you really can't screw it up from there. Okay,

807
00:45:44,199 --> 00:45:46,920
So anyway, that's the basis for it. Now, if you're

808
00:45:46,960 --> 00:45:49,519
dealing with non metallic sheaf cable, for example, you're locked

809
00:45:49,519 --> 00:45:52,360
into the sixty So even if you're going to choose

810
00:45:52,360 --> 00:45:55,360
the ninety degree capacity and do adjustment and corrections from that,

811
00:45:55,480 --> 00:45:58,320
and now you're going to have this miraculous new apacity,

812
00:45:59,239 --> 00:46:00,880
you're still going to go to the columns. You're going

813
00:46:00,920 --> 00:46:03,159
to still go to the sixty degree column and pick

814
00:46:03,199 --> 00:46:06,800
the conductor that you need to handle your load. You're

815
00:46:06,840 --> 00:46:09,559
just hoping that after adjustment of correction, that conductor is

816
00:46:09,599 --> 00:46:12,519
equal to or greater than what load you need to

817
00:46:12,559 --> 00:46:15,840
handle under column six, under the sixty degree column. Even

818
00:46:15,920 --> 00:46:18,000
though it may come back as ten amps higher than

819
00:46:18,039 --> 00:46:20,199
the sixty column, it doesn't matter. You don't get to

820
00:46:20,280 --> 00:46:23,519
use those extra ten amps. You're just validating that your

821
00:46:23,559 --> 00:46:26,559
conductor is still good under the sixty degree when you're

822
00:46:26,559 --> 00:46:30,400
dealing with a non metallo chief cable. Okay, And again,

823
00:46:30,440 --> 00:46:33,519
if that confuses you, and again podcasts and people say, well,

824
00:46:33,519 --> 00:46:37,519
I can explain it much better. Well you do that. Okay.

825
00:46:37,559 --> 00:46:39,719
It is a podcast, by the way, so I gotta

826
00:46:39,880 --> 00:46:43,559
paint you that mental picture. But again, go watch Derating

827
00:46:43,599 --> 00:46:46,639
Domstified if that confuses you, and you'll get it. Once

828
00:46:46,679 --> 00:46:51,159
you get it, folks, you'll get it. Okay, All right,

829
00:46:52,519 --> 00:46:55,360
let's look at example of a classic question and see

830
00:46:55,360 --> 00:46:58,440
if we can't answer this question because there's other things

831
00:46:58,440 --> 00:47:03,800
that we have to think about. Is what about current

832
00:47:03,840 --> 00:47:08,639
carerent conductors. What about if they're continuous loads? What is

833
00:47:08,679 --> 00:47:11,599
a continuous load? Well, the interesting thing about the National

834
00:47:11,599 --> 00:47:13,800
Electrical Code is it's that gives you a definition of

835
00:47:13,800 --> 00:47:17,400
a continuous load, and that is any loaded maximum output

836
00:47:17,400 --> 00:47:21,000
for three hours or more. So a range, for example,

837
00:47:21,079 --> 00:47:23,280
is never going to be a continuous load because the

838
00:47:23,320 --> 00:47:25,400
loads always cycle. It's never going to be at its

839
00:47:25,400 --> 00:47:28,480
maximum output. And we would never take a range, for example,

840
00:47:28,519 --> 00:47:31,840
as a continuous load, even though you say, well, on Thanksgiving,

841
00:47:32,280 --> 00:47:35,079
I'm going to cook a turkey for four hours. That

842
00:47:35,079 --> 00:47:38,440
that's isn't that the range is on continuously for four hours. Yes,

843
00:47:38,519 --> 00:47:42,480
but it's never at its maximum output. It's thermostatically controlled.

844
00:47:42,559 --> 00:47:45,079
It's never going to be. It's cutting on, cutting off

845
00:47:45,119 --> 00:47:49,360
to maintain a certain temperature. Okay, so it doesn't meet

846
00:47:49,400 --> 00:47:52,960
the definition of a continuous load. Well, you may say, well,

847
00:47:52,960 --> 00:47:57,119
what about a water heater. Well, a water heater by code,

848
00:47:57,880 --> 00:48:02,119
it tells you that it's to be considered a continuous load,

849
00:48:02,760 --> 00:48:05,000
whether or not your order heater in your house will

850
00:48:05,039 --> 00:48:10,000
ever run for three hours at its maximum output regardless

851
00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:12,920
of that, and chances are it never will because if

852
00:48:12,920 --> 00:48:15,079
it has forty five hundred wide elements in it, there's

853
00:48:15,079 --> 00:48:16,480
one in the top and one in the bottom. They

854
00:48:16,559 --> 00:48:19,880
usually cycle out. So when the maximum output is never

855
00:48:20,000 --> 00:48:23,760
both elements on it at the same time, it cycles out. However,

856
00:48:24,840 --> 00:48:28,159
the National Electrical Code says, you know what, when you're

857
00:48:28,239 --> 00:48:31,159
running a branch circuit for that water heater, I want

858
00:48:31,199 --> 00:48:36,119
you to take that nameplate as a continuous load and

859
00:48:36,239 --> 00:48:39,079
sizo conductors at one hundred and twenty five percent. I'm

860
00:48:39,119 --> 00:48:42,519
just gonna tell you to do it. Then you just

861
00:48:42,599 --> 00:48:45,000
do it. You don't read too much into it. You

862
00:48:45,000 --> 00:48:46,719
don't say, well, wait a minute, that's not really a

863
00:48:46,760 --> 00:48:48,920
continuous No, the code told you to take it at

864
00:48:48,920 --> 00:48:50,679
one hundred and twenty five percent. So you just do

865
00:48:50,800 --> 00:48:54,039
it and you size your conductors accordingly. But what's so

866
00:48:54,119 --> 00:48:57,199
important for students is that you're gonna get exam questions.

867
00:48:57,239 --> 00:49:00,159
Are you're gonna be real world situations where you you

868
00:49:00,239 --> 00:49:03,039
may encounter something that is a continuous load, and on

869
00:49:03,079 --> 00:49:06,000
an exam they'll usually tell you that it's a continuous load.

870
00:49:06,320 --> 00:49:08,320
And if they tell you it's a continuous load, then hey,

871
00:49:08,440 --> 00:49:10,880
ding ding ding ding ding, then it's a continuous load.

872
00:49:10,960 --> 00:49:14,039
So it doesn't matter in your mind whether or not

873
00:49:14,079 --> 00:49:16,840
this load is it maximum output. It doesn't matter because

874
00:49:16,880 --> 00:49:18,760
they told you it was, so you take it as

875
00:49:18,800 --> 00:49:21,840
face value. So let's look at a question. Example. A

876
00:49:21,880 --> 00:49:26,159
classic question is what size THHHN copper conductor do you

877
00:49:26,280 --> 00:49:32,400
need for a forty amp continuous load with seven current

878
00:49:32,519 --> 00:49:37,840
carrying conductors in a EMT electrical metallic tubing. By the way,

879
00:49:38,000 --> 00:49:40,639
EMT is a tubing. It's not a conduit. It is

880
00:49:40,679 --> 00:49:44,679
a raceway, but it is not a conduit. I know,

881
00:49:45,039 --> 00:49:47,559
I hate being picking on people, and because all of

882
00:49:47,599 --> 00:49:49,599
us can make those little mistakes, I do it all

883
00:49:49,639 --> 00:49:51,800
the time. But I do want to get people into

884
00:49:51,880 --> 00:49:55,239
the understanding that it's a tubing, it's not a conduit.

885
00:49:55,719 --> 00:49:58,119
And why is that important? Because there are specific conduit

886
00:49:58,199 --> 00:50:01,800
rules that you can use conduits for certain things that

887
00:50:01,880 --> 00:50:06,199
you couldn't use tubing four So it's important that you

888
00:50:06,360 --> 00:50:09,920
understand the difference. And of course you guys are learning

889
00:50:09,960 --> 00:50:12,280
the code. I mean, these are fundamental things that I

890
00:50:12,280 --> 00:50:16,039
really want you to take away. Okay, but is it

891
00:50:16,639 --> 00:50:20,920
big deal? And probably not. But again these are just

892
00:50:21,000 --> 00:50:22,559
things that I figure i'll throw out there for you.

893
00:50:23,119 --> 00:50:25,280
All right, let's start first. Let's do some first things.

894
00:50:25,280 --> 00:50:28,440
Now we know it's a continuous load. So one of

895
00:50:28,440 --> 00:50:31,000
the things we haven't looked at in the code is

896
00:50:31,360 --> 00:50:35,400
the continuous load or rule for continuous loads and non

897
00:50:35,400 --> 00:50:38,960
continuous loads. So for brand circuits, you're gonna be looking

898
00:50:38,960 --> 00:50:42,920
at two ten nineteen A one, and for feeders, you're

899
00:50:42,960 --> 00:50:45,400
gonna be looking at two fifteen dot two A one.

900
00:50:46,360 --> 00:50:49,000
Now people say, well, why am I not looking at

901
00:50:49,039 --> 00:50:53,280
two twenty five, because that's something different. That's for outdoor

902
00:50:53,800 --> 00:50:57,239
branch circuits of feeders. It's still brand circuits under two ten,

903
00:50:57,320 --> 00:51:00,719
and it's still feeders under to fifteen. Twenty five just

904
00:51:00,760 --> 00:51:03,320
brings them together and gives you some additional rules for

905
00:51:03,360 --> 00:51:07,000
when they're used outdoors. Okay, that's that's the only difference.

906
00:51:07,800 --> 00:51:11,159
So if you have feeder rules in two fifteen and

907
00:51:11,199 --> 00:51:15,239
you have brand circuit rules in two ten, then you're

908
00:51:15,280 --> 00:51:17,800
looking at it and go okay. So two ten do

909
00:51:18,000 --> 00:51:22,159
nineteen A one says I'm gonna take a continuous load,

910
00:51:23,360 --> 00:51:25,360
and I'm gonna do it at one hundred and twenty

911
00:51:25,360 --> 00:51:29,800
five percent. Okay, So we know it's forty ampiers and

912
00:51:29,840 --> 00:51:32,719
we call it a continuous load. So I'm gonna take

913
00:51:32,719 --> 00:51:35,440
those forty amps. I'm gonna multiply that by one point

914
00:51:35,440 --> 00:51:38,599
twenty five, okay. Or if you get a calculator and

915
00:51:38,639 --> 00:51:40,440
you do the one hundred and twenty five percent, my

916
00:51:40,519 --> 00:51:44,000
calculator's funky because it's a scientific calculator. So I gotta

917
00:51:44,039 --> 00:51:46,920
hit all these other damn buttons to do percentages. So

918
00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:49,440
I just don't do it. So I go forty times

919
00:51:49,440 --> 00:51:52,639
one point twenty five. And also I like to convert

920
00:51:52,840 --> 00:51:55,480
all values. For example, one hundred and twenty five, you

921
00:51:55,519 --> 00:51:58,159
move two spaces to the left from the right, and

922
00:51:58,199 --> 00:52:00,519
that gives you the one point twenty five. To move

923
00:52:00,559 --> 00:52:02,599
it back to an actual percentage, you move it two

924
00:52:02,599 --> 00:52:05,079
spaces to the right. That's one twenty five. It's just

925
00:52:05,079 --> 00:52:06,880
the way I do it. Same thing with eighty percent.

926
00:52:06,920 --> 00:52:08,519
I start from the right and move it two spaces

927
00:52:08,559 --> 00:52:11,199
to the left. That's point eight zero. That is your decimal.

928
00:52:11,559 --> 00:52:14,159
That makes it easier to do your calculations, get everything

929
00:52:14,159 --> 00:52:18,559
down into decimals. It makes the math easier. Okay, So

930
00:52:18,599 --> 00:52:20,000
that's how I do it to one point two five.

931
00:52:20,039 --> 00:52:24,159
So that's fifty ampiers. That's the minimum capacity required for

932
00:52:24,239 --> 00:52:28,679
that conductor so far. Okay, so you know you're looking.

933
00:52:28,719 --> 00:52:32,639
I go, okay, so I need a conductor that can

934
00:52:32,679 --> 00:52:39,360
handle fifty ampiers. All right, So but we're not done. Now.

935
00:52:39,400 --> 00:52:41,719
This is one thing that I will talk about that

936
00:52:42,400 --> 00:52:47,840
really does screw people's minds up is how it's written

937
00:52:48,320 --> 00:52:50,599
in two ten dot nineteen, and I really do. And

938
00:52:50,599 --> 00:52:53,119
you're going to learn about this and derating demystified, but

939
00:52:53,639 --> 00:52:55,880
I really want to focus on it and talk about

940
00:52:55,920 --> 00:52:57,920
it real quick. When you look at two ten dot

941
00:52:58,039 --> 00:53:00,400
nineteen A one, you have an A one and you

942
00:53:00,400 --> 00:53:03,840
have an A two. Okay, A one is when it

943
00:53:03,880 --> 00:53:06,440
talks about a continuous load at one hundred and twenty

944
00:53:06,440 --> 00:53:09,760
five percent, and then it says a non continuous loads

945
00:53:09,760 --> 00:53:13,280
at one hundred percent. Yes, you could have a brand circuit,

946
00:53:13,599 --> 00:53:15,920
same as with a feeder that supplies more than just

947
00:53:15,960 --> 00:53:18,679
one load in that collectively, you could have a load

948
00:53:18,800 --> 00:53:21,760
on that branch circuit that is continuous, and you could

949
00:53:21,760 --> 00:53:24,400
also have some other load element that's being supplied that

950
00:53:24,519 --> 00:53:29,199
is non continuous. It's not as cut and dry as

951
00:53:29,199 --> 00:53:31,639
this question is where it was just one load and

952
00:53:31,679 --> 00:53:34,719
it was a continuous load. Okay, well that's easy. So

953
00:53:34,840 --> 00:53:38,039
here's what it says under two ten dot nineteen A one,

954
00:53:38,639 --> 00:53:41,280
And again this is exactly the same under two fifteen

955
00:53:41,320 --> 00:53:43,599
dot two A one for feeders. So we'll just focus

956
00:53:43,599 --> 00:53:46,679
on brand circuits. It says number one A one says

957
00:53:46,679 --> 00:53:50,639
where a brand circuit applies continuous loads or any combination

958
00:53:51,400 --> 00:53:55,440
of continuous and non continuous loads. It says the minimum

959
00:53:55,880 --> 00:53:59,239
brand circuit conductor size. Okay, So it's not really about

960
00:53:59,280 --> 00:54:03,599
the opacity yet, folks. It's about conductor size, the minimum

961
00:54:03,760 --> 00:54:06,519
size that we have to have. It says the minimum

962
00:54:06,599 --> 00:54:11,400
brand circuit conductor size shall have an apacity not less

963
00:54:11,440 --> 00:54:15,480
than the non continuous load that's at one hundred percent

964
00:54:15,960 --> 00:54:19,719
plus one hundred and twenty five percent of the continuous

965
00:54:19,840 --> 00:54:23,599
load in accordance with three to ten dot fifteen. Okay.

966
00:54:24,159 --> 00:54:27,280
Now we have an exception for that, okay. And this

967
00:54:27,320 --> 00:54:30,800
is where the assembly where all of the everything is

968
00:54:30,880 --> 00:54:33,039
rated at one hundred percent, and then you don't have

969
00:54:33,119 --> 00:54:34,920
to take a continuous load at a hundred and twenty

970
00:54:34,960 --> 00:54:36,400
five percent, you just take it at one hundred percent.

971
00:54:36,480 --> 00:54:39,159
That's because all of the components are rated at one

972
00:54:39,239 --> 00:54:42,000
hundred percent. That's typically not what you're going to see

973
00:54:42,119 --> 00:54:44,639
on standard molded case circuit breakers are usually going to

974
00:54:44,679 --> 00:54:47,239
be limited to eighty percent, and eighty is the reciprocal

975
00:54:47,280 --> 00:54:52,960
of one twenty five. Okay, so there is an exception

976
00:54:53,119 --> 00:54:57,280
for that. But again, unless you get devices breakers that

977
00:54:57,320 --> 00:54:59,159
are rated for one hundred percent that take this into

978
00:54:59,159 --> 00:55:02,840
consideration for continuous loading, then the normal thing that you're

979
00:55:02,840 --> 00:55:05,400
gonna get is going to be limited to the eighty percent. Okay,

980
00:55:06,320 --> 00:55:08,440
all right. So and again you're looking for the word

981
00:55:08,480 --> 00:55:10,119
eighty in the code, and you're not gonna find it

982
00:55:10,119 --> 00:55:13,559
because eighty is the reciprocal of one twenty five. And

983
00:55:13,559 --> 00:55:17,559
you say, what does that mean? What does this reciprocal mean? Well,

984
00:55:17,599 --> 00:55:21,719
what it means is if I take the one hundred amps, right,

985
00:55:22,039 --> 00:55:27,599
and I multiply one hundred amps times point eight zero, okay,

986
00:55:27,760 --> 00:55:30,519
then that would be eighty amps. But if I take

987
00:55:30,559 --> 00:55:33,639
eighty amps and I multiply by one point twenty five,

988
00:55:34,079 --> 00:55:37,960
that's one hundred amps. So they mean the same. They're reciprocal,

989
00:55:39,000 --> 00:55:41,719
but you use them differently depending on what's given to you.

990
00:55:41,760 --> 00:55:43,880
If like, like, if they already give me the apacity

991
00:55:44,800 --> 00:55:47,599
of the of the uh, whatever the load would be,

992
00:55:48,079 --> 00:55:51,039
then I can use multiplication and do that times one

993
00:55:51,119 --> 00:55:53,719
hundred and twenty five percent, and then I search for

994
00:55:53,760 --> 00:55:55,880
the conductor, and I've already got a conductor that takes

995
00:55:55,920 --> 00:56:01,000
into consideration that that continuous loading. Whereas if I have

996
00:56:01,119 --> 00:56:04,480
a breaker and I want to know what the limit

997
00:56:04,679 --> 00:56:07,440
is of the continuous load on as breaker knowing that

998
00:56:07,559 --> 00:56:10,159
breaker is limited to eighty percent. Then I can take

999
00:56:10,199 --> 00:56:13,119
the rating of the breaker and multiply that by point

1000
00:56:13,159 --> 00:56:15,920
eight zero, and now I can find out what the

1001
00:56:15,960 --> 00:56:19,440
apacity is that I can't exceed. That's going to get

1002
00:56:19,519 --> 00:56:22,639
terminated on that breaker and not exceed the rating of

1003
00:56:22,679 --> 00:56:25,000
that device which is limited to eighty percent. So you

1004
00:56:25,079 --> 00:56:29,280
understand that's what reciprocal means. Okay. So you're never going

1005
00:56:29,360 --> 00:56:32,559
to see the word eighty percent limiting breaker to eighty percent,

1006
00:56:32,599 --> 00:56:34,000
but you're going to see the one twenty five. You

1007
00:56:34,039 --> 00:56:36,840
just need to understand what reciprocal means and what we're

1008
00:56:36,880 --> 00:56:40,079
talking about here. So don't go hunting for this eighty

1009
00:56:40,079 --> 00:56:42,920
percent magic thing in the code. You've got to understand

1010
00:56:42,920 --> 00:56:46,800
how it works. Okay. Now, so that is the first one.

1011
00:56:46,800 --> 00:56:50,400
That's a one. But here's what people forget about. There's

1012
00:56:50,480 --> 00:56:55,199
also an A two. Okay, and A two says okay,

1013
00:56:56,119 --> 00:56:59,960
if all I had was a continuous load, for example,

1014
00:57:00,599 --> 00:57:04,039
and there was no adjustment or correction involved. In other words,

1015
00:57:04,039 --> 00:57:06,719
we're in that perfect world. Remember thirty degrees salesius eighty

1016
00:57:06,719 --> 00:57:09,239
six streets fairaheh. We don't have more than three current conductors.

1017
00:57:09,280 --> 00:57:13,280
A perfect world, Happy, happy it's a perfect world, then

1018
00:57:13,360 --> 00:57:15,480
I would just stick with this and size that conductor

1019
00:57:15,519 --> 00:57:19,119
based one hundred and twenty five percent for the continuous load,

1020
00:57:19,199 --> 00:57:23,679
and size my conductor accordingly, and I'd be good to go. However,

1021
00:57:24,960 --> 00:57:29,639
when you do have some type of adjustment or correction involved,

1022
00:57:30,039 --> 00:57:32,800
like we do in our example, now you have to

1023
00:57:32,840 --> 00:57:36,800
look at A two and A two says okay, well,

1024
00:57:37,480 --> 00:57:41,519
the minimum brand circuit conductor size shall have an opacity

1025
00:57:41,719 --> 00:57:47,599
not less than the maximum load to be served. Okay,

1026
00:57:47,880 --> 00:57:52,400
after the application of any adjustment or correction factors in

1027
00:57:52,440 --> 00:57:55,119
accordance with three to ten dot fifteen. So this is

1028
00:57:55,320 --> 00:58:01,480
after it's served. So what does that mean? Okay, Well,

1029
00:58:01,519 --> 00:58:04,679
remember what we said we had a forty amp continuous load.

1030
00:58:06,320 --> 00:58:09,719
That may be what the actual load is. It's forty amps.

1031
00:58:09,880 --> 00:58:12,719
We're just calling it a continuous load, but the real

1032
00:58:12,800 --> 00:58:15,559
load is what forty amps. I mean, that piece of

1033
00:58:15,599 --> 00:58:17,679
equipment may have a name plate. That name plate may

1034
00:58:17,679 --> 00:58:20,840
say it's forty amps just because we're telling it to

1035
00:58:20,840 --> 00:58:23,280
be taken as a tenuous loads. We're only doing that

1036
00:58:23,360 --> 00:58:26,639
because of breaker and conductor sizing. The load is still

1037
00:58:26,639 --> 00:58:29,360
the load, even though it's still forty amps and we're

1038
00:58:29,400 --> 00:58:32,480
sizing a conductor bigger, or we're sizing the breaker based

1039
00:58:32,519 --> 00:58:36,239
on the limitation, it's still forty amps and that's what

1040
00:58:36,280 --> 00:58:39,960
it means. That's the load to be served, and we

1041
00:58:40,039 --> 00:58:42,159
have to make sure that the conductor is at least

1042
00:58:42,199 --> 00:58:46,599
size to handle that load, even after we apply any

1043
00:58:46,639 --> 00:58:49,480
adjustment or corrections. Now we learned earlier how to apply

1044
00:58:49,519 --> 00:58:53,480
those adjustment and corrections, right, But this is saying, at

1045
00:58:53,519 --> 00:58:56,239
the end of the day, the conductor for this brand

1046
00:58:56,280 --> 00:59:00,119
circuit is going to be at least this size, do

1047
00:59:00,159 --> 00:59:01,559
you like it or not, And it's going to be

1048
00:59:01,599 --> 00:59:07,440
whichever one of these yield the largest outcome of conductor size.

1049
00:59:09,000 --> 00:59:12,800
So if the conductor size, for example, was based on

1050
00:59:13,280 --> 00:59:15,400
A one, which is one hundred and twenty five percent,

1051
00:59:15,440 --> 00:59:17,440
and you picked a conductor based on this case, we

1052
00:59:17,519 --> 00:59:21,840
said it was a fifty amps. If you do it

1053
00:59:22,239 --> 00:59:25,760
based on a two, and you do it based on

1054
00:59:25,800 --> 00:59:28,760
an adjustment of corrections, if it yields a conductor that's

1055
00:59:28,840 --> 00:59:32,280
smaller than the eight, then you're still going to go

1056
00:59:32,320 --> 00:59:35,679
with the eight because you have to go with whichever

1057
00:59:35,719 --> 00:59:42,079
one yields the larger conductor requirement. You're with me, Okay,

1058
00:59:42,159 --> 00:59:45,639
I just want to make sure we understand that now. Also, Conversely,

1059
00:59:45,760 --> 00:59:48,800
if I have a situation where there isn't any continuous

1060
00:59:48,840 --> 00:59:54,039
loads involved, there's just none continuous loads, then I might

1061
00:59:54,079 --> 00:59:56,159
not even have to look at A one at all,

1062
00:59:56,760 --> 00:59:58,760
because I'm not going to be applying any one twenty five.

1063
00:59:58,800 --> 01:00:01,039
We're taking the load at the load, which is again

1064
01:00:01,159 --> 01:00:04,119
non continuous loads at one hundred percent. But yet I

1065
01:00:04,159 --> 01:00:07,480
still may have to apply to ten dot nineteen A

1066
01:00:07,639 --> 01:00:12,159
two because I do have adjustment and corrections and I

1067
01:00:12,239 --> 01:00:15,239
still need to make sure that the conductor's size and

1068
01:00:15,280 --> 01:00:21,800
its subsequent opacity is equal to or greater, okay, to

1069
01:00:21,880 --> 01:00:25,400
the maximum load that's being served. After I do the

1070
01:00:25,440 --> 01:00:29,800
adjustment and corrective math, it makes sense. Hey, folks, I

1071
01:00:29,920 --> 01:00:33,519
told you this is probably fundamentally one of the hardest

1072
01:00:33,559 --> 01:00:36,840
aspects for people to understand within the National Electrical Code.

1073
01:00:37,000 --> 01:00:39,480
It really is. Okay, so let's look at go back

1074
01:00:39,519 --> 01:00:41,679
to our question, and I'll reiterate the question again. What

1075
01:00:41,760 --> 01:00:44,679
size thhchan and copper conductor do you need for a

1076
01:00:44,760 --> 01:00:48,400
forty amp continuous load with seven current can conductors in

1077
01:00:48,440 --> 01:00:52,159
an EMT? Okay, so we did start first, we said

1078
01:00:52,199 --> 01:00:54,119
forty amps times one hundred and twenty five percent. That's

1079
01:00:54,119 --> 01:00:56,480
fifty amps. Okay, so we know the amps based on

1080
01:00:56,559 --> 01:01:01,480
A one. We got it that far. Step two was okay,

1081
01:01:01,800 --> 01:01:04,599
we had seven current carent conductors, so we need to

1082
01:01:04,639 --> 01:01:07,320
think what is our multiplier. So we're gonna go to

1083
01:01:07,840 --> 01:01:11,639
table three ten fifteen C one and we'll notice that

1084
01:01:12,159 --> 01:01:14,719
since we have seven current care and conductors, we're going

1085
01:01:14,800 --> 01:01:19,639
to be at the seventy percent adjustment factor. Okay, because

1086
01:01:19,679 --> 01:01:21,920
we have seven to nine current carent conductors. In fact,

1087
01:01:21,960 --> 01:01:24,880
our question had seven, so we're gonna use seventy. Now

1088
01:01:24,880 --> 01:01:28,159
we want to convert it to decimals, so we go

1089
01:01:28,280 --> 01:01:30,760
from the right side of the seventy and move it

1090
01:01:30,800 --> 01:01:33,639
two spaces to the left. So now it's point seven zero,

1091
01:01:33,760 --> 01:01:37,599
So that is your your multiplier. Okay, that would be

1092
01:01:38,119 --> 01:01:43,039
the multiplier that we're using. Okay, Now we'll do the math.

1093
01:01:43,119 --> 01:01:46,360
We'll do the math both ways and see what it

1094
01:01:46,119 --> 01:01:50,079
what's conductor sizes would be here, okay, So first things first,

1095
01:01:50,159 --> 01:01:52,360
let's just make it easy for us and just do

1096
01:01:52,400 --> 01:01:54,159
it one hundred and twenty five percent when first and

1097
01:01:54,199 --> 01:01:56,599
see where we're at with that. So that was going

1098
01:01:56,639 --> 01:01:59,000
to be a fifty AM, so first thing I would

1099
01:01:59,000 --> 01:02:00,840
do is just to check this. I would go to

1100
01:02:01,440 --> 01:02:06,840
a ninety degree C column in for thhhn. Okay, because

1101
01:02:06,840 --> 01:02:08,199
it didn't say it was in a wet and said

1102
01:02:08,199 --> 01:02:10,199
it was THJGN. I'm not gonna read anymore into this,

1103
01:02:10,360 --> 01:02:12,800
or we're assuming that wet locations and that didn't come

1104
01:02:12,800 --> 01:02:16,039
into the equation. Okay. I'm just going to answer what

1105
01:02:16,159 --> 01:02:20,639
I'm being given. That's it, just what I got. That's it, Okay,

1106
01:02:21,199 --> 01:02:24,159
don't overthink it. Don't say, well, it doesn't tell you

1107
01:02:24,239 --> 01:02:27,159
what the terminals are. Look, this question doesn't even say

1108
01:02:27,199 --> 01:02:32,360
how it's terminated. So I'm just going to answer the question.

1109
01:02:32,920 --> 01:02:37,000
It's only asking me the conductor I need for this

1110
01:02:37,840 --> 01:02:42,719
now in reality, in real world reality, that the terminals

1111
01:02:42,760 --> 01:02:45,360
are going to be seventy five, the conductors at least

1112
01:02:45,400 --> 01:02:50,639
seventy five. So again in one ten fourteen A one

1113
01:02:51,039 --> 01:02:55,519
C I believe, or A one or C one A whatever.

1114
01:02:56,840 --> 01:02:58,559
If you look in there, you'll see that the option

1115
01:02:58,719 --> 01:03:01,559
is look, even if it's under one hundred amps, that

1116
01:03:01,760 --> 01:03:04,559
I can skip the sixty as long as the wires

1117
01:03:04,599 --> 01:03:07,599
at least rated seventy five. If the terminals are rated

1118
01:03:07,599 --> 01:03:10,159
at least seventy five. If everything's rated seventy five, boom,

1119
01:03:10,199 --> 01:03:15,920
boom boom, I'm good to go. Okay, be careful in

1120
01:03:15,960 --> 01:03:18,519
your exam prep because this is a real world question.

1121
01:03:18,599 --> 01:03:23,239
But be careful because they're not telling me anything about

1122
01:03:23,239 --> 01:03:26,960
the terminations, so I'm not gonna I have to be

1123
01:03:27,079 --> 01:03:29,880
very cognizant of people. Say, well, God, Paul, which do

1124
01:03:29,960 --> 01:03:35,159
I use well? In some exams they may want you

1125
01:03:35,239 --> 01:03:37,760
to assume that they didn't tell you what the terminals are,

1126
01:03:37,760 --> 01:03:41,840
and you're gonna be limited to the sixty degree column, right,

1127
01:03:43,159 --> 01:03:48,559
you have to be very cognizant of that, be very

1128
01:03:49,679 --> 01:03:52,559
you don't really have to pay attention to that. But

1129
01:03:52,639 --> 01:03:55,159
I can't tell you that in a question like that,

1130
01:03:55,639 --> 01:03:59,920
I can't think for what the test center does. I

1131
01:04:00,199 --> 01:04:01,960
don't you know. I can't get into the mind of

1132
01:04:02,000 --> 01:04:05,000
the people that write the test for every state. But

1133
01:04:05,599 --> 01:04:08,400
the chances are you have a higher probability of being

1134
01:04:08,440 --> 01:04:12,079
successful if you don't read more into it than it is.

1135
01:04:12,760 --> 01:04:15,559
So in this case, I'm not worrying about the terminals.

1136
01:04:15,599 --> 01:04:19,119
I'm just using what they ask me. That's it. And

1137
01:04:19,199 --> 01:04:21,440
what I do know is I've got seven current can conductors.

1138
01:04:21,480 --> 01:04:24,840
I got forty amps of continuous load and it's thhn

1139
01:04:24,880 --> 01:04:28,719
and it's copper. That's it. Just answer what they give you, Okay.

1140
01:04:29,800 --> 01:04:31,639
For the vast majority of the time, you're going to

1141
01:04:31,679 --> 01:04:33,599
be Okay. I just want to remind you that in

1142
01:04:33,639 --> 01:04:36,280
the real world, you have other limitations that you need

1143
01:04:36,320 --> 01:04:38,760
to be very cognizant of, Okay, and that is your

1144
01:04:38,800 --> 01:04:42,039
limitations and one ten point fourteen based on whatever the

1145
01:04:42,079 --> 01:04:45,480
temperature limitations and terminal limitations are that you're terminating at.

1146
01:04:45,760 --> 01:04:48,360
Just keep that in mind, Okay. Let that float around

1147
01:04:48,360 --> 01:04:51,760
in your mind so that you're at least prepared for it. Okay. Again,

1148
01:04:51,840 --> 01:04:53,639
I can't get into the mind of the test taker,

1149
01:04:53,920 --> 01:04:56,280
so you know, of the the person that writes the

1150
01:04:56,320 --> 01:04:58,480
exam question whether or not they went that deep or

1151
01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:01,480
they intended you. There's no andardization for this, so it

1152
01:05:01,480 --> 01:05:04,840
could go anywhere. Just understanding your mind that those are there,

1153
01:05:05,119 --> 01:05:07,639
and maybe even look at those options for your answers

1154
01:05:07,639 --> 01:05:10,079
and see if that is even one of the options.

1155
01:05:10,559 --> 01:05:13,159
If it's not, then you know they didn't go there. Okay.

1156
01:05:13,960 --> 01:05:15,480
It's the best I can do for you. I'm just

1157
01:05:15,480 --> 01:05:17,079
trying to give you all of the things to think

1158
01:05:17,079 --> 01:05:21,559
about here okay, but again, this episode is not so

1159
01:05:21,639 --> 01:05:26,079
much exam prep as real world scenarios. All right, So

1160
01:05:26,360 --> 01:05:28,400
if we're doing the math, let's see here. So if

1161
01:05:28,400 --> 01:05:31,360
I were to go look right now and say, okay,

1162
01:05:31,760 --> 01:05:36,079
first things first, if I have to pick a conductor

1163
01:05:36,800 --> 01:05:42,159
that is under the sixty it's give me. Gonna give

1164
01:05:42,199 --> 01:05:46,280
me fifty ampiers under the ninety degree column. First off, okay,

1165
01:05:46,440 --> 01:05:48,559
that I need at least fifty ampires. We started out

1166
01:05:48,559 --> 01:05:50,000
with that. We took the forty amps at one hundred

1167
01:05:50,000 --> 01:05:51,559
and twenty five percent. That's what we started out. We

1168
01:05:51,559 --> 01:05:54,639
haven't even we haven't even worked in the seventy percent

1169
01:05:54,679 --> 01:05:58,000
adjustment factor yet. So let me get my codebook and

1170
01:05:58,079 --> 01:06:01,000
we'll go with you. And I'm gonna go down and

1171
01:06:01,000 --> 01:06:04,199
we're gonna go three, ten, sixteen, and we're gonna look

1172
01:06:04,440 --> 01:06:07,760
under the seventy five degree column. And let's see here,

1173
01:06:07,800 --> 01:06:09,960
so I need to do so it looks like an

1174
01:06:10,000 --> 01:06:14,599
eight gauge is good for fifty five amps under the

1175
01:06:14,679 --> 01:06:16,840
ninety degree column. You know, the ten gauge is not

1176
01:06:16,880 --> 01:06:19,480
gonna work. That's forty. So at least looks like it's eight.

1177
01:06:20,159 --> 01:06:25,199
And of course a six gauge is good for seventy five. Okay,

1178
01:06:25,280 --> 01:06:29,239
so I'm starting there right, Let's say, okay, you know,

1179
01:06:29,760 --> 01:06:31,199
at this point it looks like it could be eight

1180
01:06:31,320 --> 01:06:34,360
or six, but that's just we haven't even applied any

1181
01:06:34,360 --> 01:06:36,559
of the adjustment yet. Remember what I said, just pick

1182
01:06:36,599 --> 01:06:38,280
your conductor from the ninety I'm trying to make it

1183
01:06:38,280 --> 01:06:41,320
as simple as possible. Let's move forward, all right. Now,

1184
01:06:42,000 --> 01:06:44,760
let's do that fifty five amps under the eight gauge,

1185
01:06:44,800 --> 01:06:47,239
and let's do that and multiply that by the modifier

1186
01:06:47,280 --> 01:06:50,599
point seven zero, and that is fifty five amps. You've

1187
01:06:50,599 --> 01:06:53,480
got your calculator, do it with me times point seven zero,

1188
01:06:53,840 --> 01:06:56,360
that is thirty eight point five. Is that gonna work?

1189
01:06:57,280 --> 01:07:00,239
Absolutely not, because remember what it said in two ten

1190
01:07:00,519 --> 01:07:05,480
nineteen A one two that after after the adjustment, I

1191
01:07:05,559 --> 01:07:09,199
still have to handle the load. And what was the load?

1192
01:07:09,599 --> 01:07:15,199
It was forty amps? That was the load, right you

1193
01:07:15,280 --> 01:07:19,440
with me in this question. So in that scenario, it

1194
01:07:19,519 --> 01:07:22,199
looks like, okay, well, an eight would be too small,

1195
01:07:23,239 --> 01:07:27,320
So what about that six? Well, the six is good

1196
01:07:27,400 --> 01:07:31,639
for seventy five amps. So I take that seventy five,

1197
01:07:32,480 --> 01:07:36,360
multiply that by point seven zero, and that is good

1198
01:07:36,400 --> 01:07:39,440
for fifty two point five amps. That meets the rule.

1199
01:07:39,519 --> 01:07:42,719
That's perfectly fine. Now let's double check this again. Under

1200
01:07:42,719 --> 01:07:47,599
the seventy five degree column, that six gauge that we

1201
01:07:47,760 --> 01:07:53,440
just looked at is good for sixty five amps, okay,

1202
01:07:53,480 --> 01:07:56,960
But we also look under the eight gauge and it

1203
01:07:57,039 --> 01:08:03,800
says fifty amps. But that's been rejected. Why because of

1204
01:08:03,840 --> 01:08:07,280
the adjustment we have to make. Because the conductor both

1205
01:08:07,280 --> 01:08:10,480
falls below that fifty amps, it ends up dropping down

1206
01:08:10,480 --> 01:08:13,360
to thirty eight point five. So that's not gonna work.

1207
01:08:13,639 --> 01:08:16,560
You see how that works. So even though under the

1208
01:08:16,600 --> 01:08:18,520
seventy five it set is good for fifty, that no

1209
01:08:18,600 --> 01:08:21,039
longer applies because we had to do an adjustment of

1210
01:08:21,079 --> 01:08:24,359
correction and the actual ampacity now of the conductors reduced

1211
01:08:25,279 --> 01:08:27,760
below that fifty for the eight gauge. So it's not

1212
01:08:27,800 --> 01:08:31,800
gonna work for us. Okay. Now, in a perfect world

1213
01:08:31,800 --> 01:08:33,800
it would work. If we had no adjustment or corrections,

1214
01:08:33,920 --> 01:08:36,159
then it may work, but it's not gonna work for

1215
01:08:36,239 --> 01:08:39,359
us now, okay, because we were using two ten dot

1216
01:08:39,399 --> 01:08:45,239
nineteen A two okay. All right, So now the answer

1217
01:08:45,279 --> 01:08:50,119
for us is the sixth gauge. Okay. Now let's check

1218
01:08:50,239 --> 01:08:55,159
that because we did say ours had a continuous load. Right,

1219
01:08:56,039 --> 01:08:58,279
So what if we went the other way and said, well,

1220
01:08:58,359 --> 01:09:00,119
I want to compare this to taking it a one

1221
01:09:00,159 --> 01:09:04,359
hundred and twenty five percent and see what conductor it yields.

1222
01:09:04,800 --> 01:09:08,000
So watch this, so remember you're comparing this to two

1223
01:09:08,000 --> 01:09:10,039
ten nine nineteen eighty one. Now we did the A two,

1224
01:09:10,079 --> 01:09:12,119
we're doing A one. We're gonna just we're gonna use

1225
01:09:12,159 --> 01:09:15,159
the the continuous loading compare and see if that yields

1226
01:09:15,199 --> 01:09:17,880
a larger conductor. So that would be the Again, we

1227
01:09:17,960 --> 01:09:20,960
did it forty times one point twenty five. That is

1228
01:09:21,000 --> 01:09:23,880
fifty amps. Now we don't use the ninety here because

1229
01:09:23,880 --> 01:09:26,399
we're not doing adjustment corrections. We use the cut seventy

1230
01:09:26,399 --> 01:09:29,000
five degree column and we go straight to the seventy five.

1231
01:09:29,359 --> 01:09:31,520
So when we did that, we're looking for a fifty

1232
01:09:31,560 --> 01:09:33,760
AM conductor and that would take us to an eight gauge.

1233
01:09:34,640 --> 01:09:36,760
And you're thinking, dude, I can use a gauge because

1234
01:09:36,800 --> 01:09:39,479
A one says that. Remember you got to take whichever

1235
01:09:39,560 --> 01:09:43,119
one yields the larger. So in this case, the eight

1236
01:09:43,279 --> 01:09:47,880
under that allowance would not be the larger conductor when

1237
01:09:47,920 --> 01:09:51,720
you're comparing a one versus A two. Because I do

1238
01:09:51,840 --> 01:09:55,359
have some corrections that I have to take play or

1239
01:09:55,439 --> 01:09:58,239
adjustments that I have to take place. Then guess what

1240
01:10:00,000 --> 01:10:03,439
A two yielded the larger conductor. That's why we went

1241
01:10:03,479 --> 01:10:06,760
with it. You see how that works. You have to

1242
01:10:06,800 --> 01:10:10,560
compare a one to a two based on what criteria

1243
01:10:10,960 --> 01:10:17,159
you're given. Okay, hopefully that makes sense to you. Hopefully

1244
01:10:17,159 --> 01:10:21,239
it does. Now that was for the number of conductors.

1245
01:10:21,720 --> 01:10:24,319
Let's do another little one. What if we wanted to

1246
01:10:24,319 --> 01:10:26,680
do it based on the ambient temperature. Now I get it,

1247
01:10:27,079 --> 01:10:29,079
there's so many of you out there who don't even

1248
01:10:29,119 --> 01:10:32,239
take ambient into consideration, but we're going to do it today.

1249
01:10:33,119 --> 01:10:36,760
So let's say you have conductors running through an attic

1250
01:10:37,000 --> 01:10:41,159
that hits forty five degrees C. Okay, So let's say

1251
01:10:41,159 --> 01:10:44,039
we're in a raceway. They're running through the attic in

1252
01:10:44,079 --> 01:10:48,359
a raceway. They're in Chicago and they're running EMT through

1253
01:10:48,399 --> 01:10:51,119
a raceway through an attic. Okay, So it hits forty

1254
01:10:51,119 --> 01:10:52,880
five degrees C in that act, or one hundred and

1255
01:10:52,920 --> 01:10:57,800
thirteen degrees fahir Nheit. Well, obviously the ambient temperature to

1256
01:10:57,800 --> 01:11:01,439
which that raceway runs through or or tubing in this case,

1257
01:11:01,479 --> 01:11:03,520
if it was EMT tubing, but is a raceway. But

1258
01:11:03,560 --> 01:11:06,560
it's not a conduit. Again, just reiterating that fact. But

1259
01:11:06,640 --> 01:11:10,880
it's still tubing. It is still a raceway. The opacity

1260
01:11:10,920 --> 01:11:15,600
of those conductors are going to change. Now in this example,

1261
01:11:15,760 --> 01:11:18,359
we don't have more than three current carent conductors. All

1262
01:11:18,359 --> 01:11:21,560
we're gonna worry about is the ambient. Make our life simple.

1263
01:11:21,840 --> 01:11:26,000
So we have THHHN copper. We have three current current conductors,

1264
01:11:26,000 --> 01:11:28,239
so we're well within the three ten sixteen of the

1265
01:11:28,279 --> 01:11:30,880
three current carr And conductors or less. So we're good there.

1266
01:11:31,680 --> 01:11:36,079
And it's a thirty amp load. Now, the load didn't

1267
01:11:36,079 --> 01:11:39,760
say anything about this being a continuous load. It just

1268
01:11:39,800 --> 01:11:45,039
said thirty amp load. That is it. Okay? Now, first

1269
01:11:45,039 --> 01:11:49,600
things first, the load is thirty amps, so I'm gonna

1270
01:11:49,600 --> 01:11:52,159
start with thirty amps, and I need a conductor that's

1271
01:11:52,199 --> 01:11:54,920
going to be equal to or greater than thirty amps

1272
01:11:55,920 --> 01:12:00,239
after the correction. Now, did you notice something I did do?

1273
01:12:01,319 --> 01:12:03,319
I didn't go to two ten dot nineteen a one

1274
01:12:03,399 --> 01:12:06,520
because it didn't say anything about it being a continuous load.

1275
01:12:07,560 --> 01:12:09,520
So the only one that comes into play for me

1276
01:12:10,880 --> 01:12:13,800
is two ten dot nineteen a two. Because there is

1277
01:12:13,880 --> 01:12:17,479
going to be an ambient correction that needs to take

1278
01:12:17,479 --> 01:12:20,960
place here because I'm going through an ambient temperature that's

1279
01:12:21,039 --> 01:12:24,800
not thirty degrees celsius eighty six degrees fahrenheit. It's elevated.

1280
01:12:25,159 --> 01:12:27,680
There's heat there. So not only do you have the

1281
01:12:27,680 --> 01:12:30,800
heat from the attic, but you have the mutual contribution

1282
01:12:30,960 --> 01:12:33,920
from the heat from the conductors under loading. That's going

1283
01:12:33,960 --> 01:12:39,000
to rapidly get that temperature rising up to the volatility

1284
01:12:39,079 --> 01:12:41,640
level of that insulation and it could cause it to

1285
01:12:41,720 --> 01:12:45,680
melt down. So how do we counteract that. We reduce

1286
01:12:45,800 --> 01:12:48,680
the amount of current that can go through the conductor

1287
01:12:49,000 --> 01:12:51,439
to try to keep it from getting to that volatile

1288
01:12:51,479 --> 01:12:54,520
temperature level of the insulation so it doesn't start breaking down.

1289
01:12:54,560 --> 01:12:57,600
That's why we do this. Okay, That's why we're playing

1290
01:12:57,640 --> 01:13:02,159
with these amps because amps rate heat. Okay, so that's

1291
01:13:02,159 --> 01:13:04,359
what we're trying to do. Okay, Now there's somebody out

1292
01:13:04,359 --> 01:13:06,760
there to say, William An Amstom generate heat resistance is

1293
01:13:07,359 --> 01:13:10,760
Look what we're saying it is. The more current you

1294
01:13:10,800 --> 01:13:15,119
pully is going to generate more heat in a mutual

1295
01:13:15,199 --> 01:13:19,960
environment under loading, and so we have to do something

1296
01:13:20,039 --> 01:13:23,000
to reduce that loading. And that's what we're trying to

1297
01:13:23,000 --> 01:13:25,880
do here. We're's certainly not going to reduce the ambient

1298
01:13:25,920 --> 01:13:29,399
temperature because that's the attic. It is what it is. Okay.

1299
01:13:30,399 --> 01:13:32,039
Now some people ask me, that says Paul, how do

1300
01:13:32,079 --> 01:13:35,000
you get these values in an attic? You know, it's

1301
01:13:35,479 --> 01:13:37,359
for an exam for example. They got to tell you

1302
01:13:37,399 --> 01:13:41,359
these things in the real world. It's it's really hard.

1303
01:13:42,039 --> 01:13:45,720
But most of the time I tell people for attics,

1304
01:13:46,079 --> 01:13:47,840
you know, can you can equate If you're gonna have

1305
01:13:47,840 --> 01:13:50,119
a lot of stuff running through attic and thermal insulation

1306
01:13:50,199 --> 01:13:52,319
and things like that, then you can add anywhere between

1307
01:13:52,399 --> 01:13:56,199
fifteen to twenty degrees for the for the temperature or

1308
01:13:56,239 --> 01:13:58,760
the ambient up there, although it could go much much

1309
01:13:58,840 --> 01:14:02,680
higher than that. So there is no you know, you

1310
01:14:02,760 --> 01:14:04,840
got to use your own rule. I can't tell you

1311
01:14:04,880 --> 01:14:08,600
what to use addicts and different environments. Now, if you're

1312
01:14:08,640 --> 01:14:11,920
running through a boiler room, for example, then you can

1313
01:14:11,960 --> 01:14:16,319
get a good baseline of that room and kind of

1314
01:14:16,319 --> 01:14:19,479
get an understanding from the engineers design professionals with the

1315
01:14:19,520 --> 01:14:21,760
temperature's lebel to be in a room. You can get

1316
01:14:21,800 --> 01:14:24,920
some extra values on that, but you're just gonna have

1317
01:14:24,960 --> 01:14:27,319
to use your judgment. So on an exam that going

1318
01:14:27,399 --> 01:14:29,800
to tell you because they got to tell you in

1319
01:14:29,800 --> 01:14:32,000
the real world. I think the reason most people don't

1320
01:14:32,039 --> 01:14:34,319
put an ambient correction in is because they don't know.

1321
01:14:35,479 --> 01:14:37,760
And if it's in the walls, in a conditioned space

1322
01:14:39,279 --> 01:14:42,439
inside the building envelope, and it's an attic that is

1323
01:14:43,119 --> 01:14:47,399
exhausted or temperature controlled, then you wouldn't None of this

1324
01:14:47,399 --> 01:14:49,520
would even come into play when it comes to the ambient.

1325
01:14:50,439 --> 01:14:52,720
But every conditions different and I just want you to

1326
01:14:52,760 --> 01:14:55,560
be aware of that. And it does play a role

1327
01:14:55,640 --> 01:15:00,399
on the conductor's opacity. Okay, so we started with thirty

1328
01:15:00,439 --> 01:15:03,399
an peers. I need a conductor that's at least equal

1329
01:15:03,479 --> 01:15:08,760
to or greater after we do the correction, because that's

1330
01:15:08,760 --> 01:15:11,840
what it said in ten nineteen A two. That's what

1331
01:15:11,960 --> 01:15:15,439
it said. So thirty amps is my load. Now I

1332
01:15:15,520 --> 01:15:18,119
need to find the correction factor first. Here, let's go

1333
01:15:18,159 --> 01:15:20,479
on and do that. We'll do this first. So we're

1334
01:15:20,479 --> 01:15:23,439
gonna go to table three ten fifteen B one. Now,

1335
01:15:23,640 --> 01:15:27,720
remember our insulation is THGN, so we're gonna go under

1336
01:15:27,720 --> 01:15:31,960
the ninety degree column. Again. That's why we're doing it.

1337
01:15:32,039 --> 01:15:34,560
It's because not because of the ambient. It's because of

1338
01:15:34,840 --> 01:15:38,680
the insulation rating of the conductor that we're using. So

1339
01:15:38,880 --> 01:15:42,960
in our case, it's ninety degree rated at THHGN so

1340
01:15:43,239 --> 01:15:46,199
and we're using the since we're talking celsius, we're gonna

1341
01:15:46,279 --> 01:15:48,680
use the left side celsius and we're going under the

1342
01:15:48,800 --> 01:15:51,279
ninety and since we were talking about forty five C,

1343
01:15:51,479 --> 01:15:57,039
we go down list here to forty five C and

1344
01:15:57,199 --> 01:15:59,600
we're looking for the modifier. Is what is the modifier

1345
01:15:59,600 --> 01:16:02,479
that we're going to use, and so it's one hundred

1346
01:16:02,520 --> 01:16:05,439
and thirteen degrees fahrenheit. So we're gonna go down and

1347
01:16:05,560 --> 01:16:09,079
you'll see that that is going to be let's see,

1348
01:16:09,680 --> 01:16:12,399
one hundred and thirteen degrees fahrenheit is going to be

1349
01:16:12,680 --> 01:16:17,319
point eight seven, Okay. Point eight seven is going to

1350
01:16:17,359 --> 01:16:20,920
be our modifier for that. Okay, so we write that down.

1351
01:16:20,920 --> 01:16:24,640
You got your point eight seven. Okay, Now let's see.

1352
01:16:24,880 --> 01:16:28,159
So let's let's see how we'd apply that. Right, So

1353
01:16:28,399 --> 01:16:32,000
let's let's continue, Let's do some let's do some work here. Okay.

1354
01:16:32,239 --> 01:16:38,119
So if I'm dealing with the ninety degree C, the

1355
01:16:38,199 --> 01:16:40,520
first thing I need to do. Okay, now let's go home.

1356
01:16:40,600 --> 01:16:43,720
Since I am going to be doing a correction. I

1357
01:16:43,960 --> 01:16:46,079
now know that I can use the ninety degree for

1358
01:16:46,159 --> 01:16:48,840
adjustment and corrective purposes on this thjgen. So I'm gonna

1359
01:16:48,840 --> 01:16:52,039
go to the capacity table first. Remember we got all

1360
01:16:52,079 --> 01:16:55,920
our numbers. Now I'll go three ten, sixteen. And the

1361
01:16:55,960 --> 01:16:57,840
reason I'm gonna I'm gonna go to ninety because we

1362
01:16:57,960 --> 01:17:00,319
are making an adjustment in correction. So the code tells

1363
01:17:00,319 --> 01:17:01,960
me I can do that. Under three ten to fifteen

1364
01:17:02,000 --> 01:17:04,239
says I can do it. So I'm gonna go down

1365
01:17:04,359 --> 01:17:08,119
and I'm looking for the titchen, and I want to

1366
01:17:08,159 --> 01:17:11,920
see what am I gonna be first to make sure

1367
01:17:12,039 --> 01:17:14,960
that I can handle the thirty amps? All right, So

1368
01:17:14,960 --> 01:17:20,079
I'm gonna go down and let's see. Okay, So it

1369
01:17:20,159 --> 01:17:25,279
looks like I've got some options here at thirty ams, okay,

1370
01:17:25,319 --> 01:17:29,800
except be equal to or greater than thirty ams. Now

1371
01:17:30,159 --> 01:17:33,720
you already know without doing anything extra. You should know

1372
01:17:34,000 --> 01:17:36,600
that if I've got to have a conductor after adjustment

1373
01:17:36,640 --> 01:17:39,359
of correction that's good for thirty amps, then there's no

1374
01:17:39,479 --> 01:17:42,000
way that I can start my calculation at thirty ams.

1375
01:17:43,119 --> 01:17:45,199
So it should be a no brainer that even though

1376
01:17:45,279 --> 01:17:47,560
a twelve gauge under the ninety degree column is good

1377
01:17:47,560 --> 01:17:51,000
for thirty ams. You're certainly not gonna start there because

1378
01:17:51,600 --> 01:17:54,680
you know that you're gonna have to make an ambient correction.

1379
01:17:54,840 --> 01:17:57,640
So whatever you do, it's gonna drop below thirty. So

1380
01:17:57,720 --> 01:17:59,960
you shouldn't even waste your time. You know, it can't

1381
01:18:00,159 --> 01:18:03,359
be a twelve gauge. And then we're not even talking

1382
01:18:03,359 --> 01:18:06,159
about small conductor rules and overcurrent protection. We're just we're

1383
01:18:06,199 --> 01:18:08,920
just talking coals here, We're just talking conductor of the opacity.

1384
01:18:09,600 --> 01:18:11,760
But that should be the reason you realize it, dude,

1385
01:18:11,960 --> 01:18:13,760
I don't even need to start there, even though it

1386
01:18:13,840 --> 01:18:16,680
says thirty Remember it's got to be thirty ams after

1387
01:18:17,600 --> 01:18:21,079
the adjustment of correction. Okay, so there's no reason to

1388
01:18:21,119 --> 01:18:25,760
start there. So logically you're gonna start. If you're gonna

1389
01:18:25,800 --> 01:18:29,039
do the math, you're going to start at the ten gage,

1390
01:18:29,479 --> 01:18:33,159
which is good for forty ampiers under the ninety degree column.

1391
01:18:33,319 --> 01:18:36,560
So remember our multipliers point eight seven. So we're gonna

1392
01:18:36,640 --> 01:18:39,720
use multiplication now because we're starting from the ninety capacity

1393
01:18:39,760 --> 01:18:44,039
and we're moving down. Okay, so we do forty times

1394
01:18:44,199 --> 01:18:47,760
point eight seven. Remember, converted into decimals eighty seven percent.

1395
01:18:47,800 --> 01:18:49,560
Start from the right, move to decimal places to the

1396
01:18:49,640 --> 01:18:53,520
left point eight seven, and that is thirty four point

1397
01:18:53,600 --> 01:18:59,560
eight ampiers, which is okay after this, after this corre

1398
01:18:59,640 --> 01:19:03,479
ambient correction, do I have a conductor that is okay

1399
01:19:03,720 --> 01:19:10,600
for use? Okay at a thirty amp load? Absolutely? What

1400
01:19:10,760 --> 01:19:14,920
about an eight gauge? Well, the eight gauge you're sitting

1401
01:19:14,960 --> 01:19:18,439
and going, okay, Well, do I need to go any further? Well, obviously,

1402
01:19:18,600 --> 01:19:20,720
if the forty amp was good, the eight is fifty

1403
01:19:20,800 --> 01:19:24,039
five amps under the ninety, then you already know that

1404
01:19:24,239 --> 01:19:28,199
that's okay. It's more than enough. One of the key

1405
01:19:28,279 --> 01:19:31,760
takeaways that I also want to point out is that

1406
01:19:32,560 --> 01:19:35,359
you still cannot even though we got thirty four point

1407
01:19:35,359 --> 01:19:37,239
eight amps, if you take forty amps and multiply that

1408
01:19:37,319 --> 01:19:39,560
by point eighty seven, you can't use that thirty four

1409
01:19:39,600 --> 01:19:43,239
point eight amps. Okay. I just want to make that clear.

1410
01:19:44,199 --> 01:19:47,039
You are still stuck to the seventy five degree column.

1411
01:19:47,239 --> 01:19:49,600
You're just doing an adjustment or correction to find out

1412
01:19:49,720 --> 01:19:52,920
ultimately what the conductor's opacity is, so that you want

1413
01:19:52,960 --> 01:19:55,159
to make sure it still has apacity. You need to

1414
01:19:55,239 --> 01:19:59,520
handle the load without exceeding the terminal limitations under the

1415
01:20:00,399 --> 01:20:03,479
seventy five degree column. Okay, because that's what we told

1416
01:20:03,520 --> 01:20:05,159
you that, that's what the lugs are. That's you know,

1417
01:20:05,239 --> 01:20:08,079
that's what we're using, right, So that's how it works.

1418
01:20:08,399 --> 01:20:13,600
So now that that ten gauge is now good for

1419
01:20:13,680 --> 01:20:15,840
thirty four point eight amps, but if you look underneath

1420
01:20:15,880 --> 01:20:18,359
the seventy five degree column, it says the maximum it's

1421
01:20:18,439 --> 01:20:20,640
good for thirty five amps. So it's still good even

1422
01:20:20,680 --> 01:20:26,079
though after it's only thirty four point eight amps. We're

1423
01:20:26,119 --> 01:20:28,000
not using that thirty four to eight point eight amps,

1424
01:20:28,039 --> 01:20:30,319
and we're no certainly not using that thirty five amps.

1425
01:20:31,840 --> 01:20:35,880
We're just making sure that we have a conductor that

1426
01:20:35,920 --> 01:20:40,800
can handle the load. Right, so we know that that

1427
01:20:40,960 --> 01:20:42,920
ten gauge can handle the load. Now I don't even

1428
01:20:42,960 --> 01:20:44,279
need to do that for the A gauge because that's

1429
01:20:44,279 --> 01:20:49,000
a no brainer. Now, how can you quantify this? How

1430
01:20:49,039 --> 01:20:51,199
can you check this? Well, one of the things you

1431
01:20:51,279 --> 01:20:55,840
can actually do now is okay, so now under the

1432
01:20:56,000 --> 01:20:58,680
seventy five degree column for that ten, take that thirty

1433
01:20:58,760 --> 01:21:02,319
five amps it's there, and do thirty five and they'll

1434
01:21:02,399 --> 01:21:06,399
divide that by point eight seven and that gives you

1435
01:21:06,520 --> 01:21:10,560
forty point two zero. Drop the point two zero. That's

1436
01:21:10,640 --> 01:21:12,239
forty amps. And you just go to the right and

1437
01:21:12,319 --> 01:21:16,359
you see that that equates to the actual forty degree

1438
01:21:16,680 --> 01:21:22,880
for this example. It just you're just quantifying it. Okay. Now,

1439
01:21:24,600 --> 01:21:27,760
let's kind of look at that. So if I use

1440
01:21:27,840 --> 01:21:31,039
the twelve for example, because you say it's thirty, after

1441
01:21:31,199 --> 01:21:34,000
that point eighty seven is a multiplier is added, then

1442
01:21:34,039 --> 01:21:35,800
it gives us like a twenty six point one amp.

1443
01:21:35,840 --> 01:21:38,720
So that's below. So that's why you can't use a twelve,

1444
01:21:38,760 --> 01:21:40,079
even though you look at it and you say, well,

1445
01:21:40,760 --> 01:21:43,840
ninety degree, it says it's thirty amps. But no, that's

1446
01:21:43,960 --> 01:21:48,479
not how it works. Now one of the last steps,

1447
01:21:49,039 --> 01:21:51,560
and in this example, we will kick in and show

1448
01:21:51,640 --> 01:21:55,479
you how we would apply one ten dot fourteen C. Okay.

1449
01:21:55,800 --> 01:21:59,239
Now we're gonna check the terminals. Now we already told

1450
01:21:59,279 --> 01:22:01,960
you there's seventy five degree, okay, but we would do

1451
01:22:02,079 --> 01:22:04,720
that by going to one ten dot fourteenth C. Okay.

1452
01:22:06,239 --> 01:22:09,680
So when we go there, we must still respect that

1453
01:22:09,800 --> 01:22:13,000
seventy five degree. See temperature rating or terminal rating okay

1454
01:22:13,640 --> 01:22:16,479
for typical equipment one hundred amps and under unless it's

1455
01:22:16,520 --> 01:22:20,720
marked otherwise. So if it wasn't marked or didn't have marks,

1456
01:22:20,760 --> 01:22:23,439
and obviously you didn't know the terminal ratings in the

1457
01:22:23,520 --> 01:22:26,119
real world, then you're going to be limited to the

1458
01:22:26,279 --> 01:22:29,399
sixty degree column, and you do exactly the same thing

1459
01:22:29,479 --> 01:22:31,880
we did. It's just you're going to be limited. You

1460
01:22:32,000 --> 01:22:34,760
can't exceed the values under the sixty degree column. So

1461
01:22:34,880 --> 01:22:38,079
in our case, let's just be craps and giggles and

1462
01:22:38,199 --> 01:22:41,239
say that we were limited by the sixty for whatever reason,

1463
01:22:42,359 --> 01:22:45,760
and we just determined that we needed a ten that

1464
01:22:45,840 --> 01:22:48,760
if you go under the sixty degree column, you'll see

1465
01:22:48,800 --> 01:22:51,199
that the ten is good for thirty amps even under

1466
01:22:51,239 --> 01:22:56,119
the sixty so the adjustment of correction took place from

1467
01:22:56,159 --> 01:23:00,359
the forty. After the adjustment of correction, it's it's still

1468
01:23:00,439 --> 01:23:04,840
good for thirty four point eight amps, but the limitation

1469
01:23:05,159 --> 01:23:07,560
is thirty amps under the sixty three column. And guess

1470
01:23:07,600 --> 01:23:10,119
what our load is. Our load was we needed at

1471
01:23:10,199 --> 01:23:13,960
least thirty amps, So a ten gauge would still work. Okay,

1472
01:23:14,079 --> 01:23:17,800
does that make sense? Okay, just wanted to throw that

1473
01:23:17,880 --> 01:23:20,560
little extra in there for those that say, well, what

1474
01:23:20,760 --> 01:23:23,840
about if sixty degree applied and I didn't know what

1475
01:23:23,960 --> 01:23:28,560
the terminal in this case, your ten would still be okay? Okay?

1476
01:23:30,079 --> 01:23:36,840
So takeaways takeaways a lot of folks will look at

1477
01:23:36,840 --> 01:23:40,000
the ninety degree columns, see the twelve tchn at thirty

1478
01:23:40,039 --> 01:23:43,239
amps and think perfect, that's a thirty amp load, thirty

1479
01:23:43,279 --> 01:23:45,079
amp wire. I'm good to go, But that would be

1480
01:23:45,199 --> 01:23:50,760
wrong because of the conditions of use. Okay, And I

1481
01:23:50,880 --> 01:23:53,319
just we want to make sure that people understand that

1482
01:23:53,760 --> 01:23:57,720
when they take all of that that away, and that's

1483
01:23:57,800 --> 01:24:01,920
why it's so important to learn all of these aspects

1484
01:24:02,439 --> 01:24:04,199
right for calculating things.

1485
01:24:04,640 --> 01:24:04,760
Speaker 1: Right.

1486
01:24:05,479 --> 01:24:08,600
Speaker 2: Okay, let's let's let's look at a couple more because

1487
01:24:08,600 --> 01:24:10,279
I don't again and I want to make sure that

1488
01:24:10,399 --> 01:24:13,880
I cover as much as I can. Let's see, so

1489
01:24:14,039 --> 01:24:18,640
we have some what's called opacity traps on exams, okay,

1490
01:24:18,840 --> 01:24:22,359
for talking exams, some traps that you might run into.

1491
01:24:23,720 --> 01:24:28,560
So trap one, use ninety degree capacity for the final answer. No,

1492
01:24:29,119 --> 01:24:31,800
you only will use the ninety for the math. When

1493
01:24:31,840 --> 01:24:34,119
you're selecting a conductor, it's going to be based on

1494
01:24:34,199 --> 01:24:41,000
the seventy five or sixty depending on the limitations. Okay.

1495
01:24:41,479 --> 01:24:44,239
And they typically will tell you the terminal ratings and

1496
01:24:44,319 --> 01:24:47,479
everything that you need for the question. Because I think

1497
01:24:47,600 --> 01:24:51,960
most boards that write exams, or most committees, you might

1498
01:24:52,039 --> 01:24:54,199
think they're trying to trick you, and not all of

1499
01:24:54,239 --> 01:24:58,840
them are created equal. But they don't really like ambiguous stuff, right.

1500
01:24:59,000 --> 01:25:00,840
They try to answer the ques questions, give you as

1501
01:25:00,880 --> 01:25:04,159
much information as you can. Okay, So I just remember

1502
01:25:04,239 --> 01:25:06,720
that the ninety. Unless it tells you that the terminals

1503
01:25:06,760 --> 01:25:09,279
are rated for ninety, then you're never going to use

1504
01:25:09,319 --> 01:25:12,079
the ninety except for adjustment and corrective purposes. The end result,

1505
01:25:12,119 --> 01:25:14,199
you're going to select a conductor based on seventy five

1506
01:25:14,279 --> 01:25:18,960
or six degree column. Okay. Trap number two forgetting the

1507
01:25:19,079 --> 01:25:22,560
multiple multiply continuous load at one hundred and twenty five percent,

1508
01:25:23,359 --> 01:25:25,359
there's certain areas in the code that tell you to

1509
01:25:25,479 --> 01:25:27,279
just take it as a continuous load or just to

1510
01:25:27,319 --> 01:25:29,920
apply one hundred and twenty five percent just across the board.

1511
01:25:30,800 --> 01:25:32,560
And then there's other things that they may say. In

1512
01:25:32,600 --> 01:25:35,720
a question that says forty amps of continuous load, then

1513
01:25:35,760 --> 01:25:38,159
you need to know that I take that forty amps

1514
01:25:38,560 --> 01:25:41,399
times one hundred and twenty five percent, ultimately remembering that

1515
01:25:41,520 --> 01:25:45,319
the forty amps is the actual load. Just because I

1516
01:25:45,399 --> 01:25:47,279
took the forty amps at one hundred and twenty five percent,

1517
01:25:47,479 --> 01:25:49,920
that's not the new load. That is the value you

1518
01:25:50,079 --> 01:25:53,359
use for a sizing conductors and breakers. That is not

1519
01:25:53,640 --> 01:25:56,920
the actual load. The actual load was the forty amps

1520
01:25:56,960 --> 01:26:00,159
that you started out with. That's an important thing for

1521
01:26:00,239 --> 01:26:02,760
you to lock in your brain. Just because we call

1522
01:26:02,800 --> 01:26:05,439
it a continuous load doesn't change the actual load. It

1523
01:26:05,560 --> 01:26:11,159
is what it is. Okay, trap number three. Okay, counting

1524
01:26:11,199 --> 01:26:14,239
equipment ground and conductors as current caring conductors, they do

1525
01:26:14,520 --> 01:26:18,159
not count. So when you're doing counting current care conductors

1526
01:26:18,319 --> 01:26:23,159
and you're trying to do apply this adjustment factors, don't

1527
01:26:23,319 --> 01:26:25,600
count equipment grounds. I know that should sound like a

1528
01:26:25,680 --> 01:26:31,039
no brainer, but just don't do it. Also, neutrals don't

1529
01:26:31,199 --> 01:26:35,840
always assume that the neutral is always current carring. If

1530
01:26:35,880 --> 01:26:39,239
the neutral only carries the unbalanced current of a multi

1531
01:26:39,319 --> 01:26:43,039
wire or a three phase system that is balanced and

1532
01:26:43,199 --> 01:26:46,439
you don't have a neutral, then you don't count it. Now,

1533
01:26:46,880 --> 01:26:51,359
if it is a four wire three phase y system

1534
01:26:51,600 --> 01:26:56,880
with harmonics things like that, then you're going to or

1535
01:26:56,920 --> 01:27:00,520
if you're taking a two phases from a four making

1536
01:27:00,600 --> 01:27:03,439
a three wire system from a four wire three phase

1537
01:27:03,479 --> 01:27:07,760
and creating a single phase two phase with a neutral,

1538
01:27:08,239 --> 01:27:12,279
then you have neutral current that you have to calculate

1539
01:27:12,359 --> 01:27:14,880
in and that would be a current carr And conductor.

1540
01:27:15,920 --> 01:27:19,640
If you have high levels of non linear loads, then

1541
01:27:19,880 --> 01:27:23,920
you're going to have a current carrying conductor. Okay, so

1542
01:27:24,720 --> 01:27:28,560
typical three phase four wire y systems with linear loads,

1543
01:27:28,680 --> 01:27:31,119
then that neutral is going to count, don't forget, so

1544
01:27:31,359 --> 01:27:34,239
read the question. But if it's a neutral and all

1545
01:27:34,279 --> 01:27:37,199
it's carrying is the unbalanced current from let's say a

1546
01:27:37,840 --> 01:27:41,800
again a multi wire brand circuit then or a three

1547
01:27:41,880 --> 01:27:45,960
phase delta system, let's say with a neutral. If you

1548
01:27:46,079 --> 01:27:48,880
have one, then it's going to be balanced out. Then

1549
01:27:48,920 --> 01:27:50,560
you might you might not have a neutral load, so

1550
01:27:50,600 --> 01:27:54,039
it wouldn't be counted as a current carrying conductor. So

1551
01:27:55,159 --> 01:27:58,479
important to read the question and understand whether or not

1552
01:27:59,199 --> 01:28:03,600
you're counting a neutral conductor as a current carr and conductor.

1553
01:28:03,680 --> 01:28:07,159
It can really throw off your math if they slide

1554
01:28:07,239 --> 01:28:10,359
one in there. Okay, that's something to keep in mind.

1555
01:28:11,520 --> 01:28:16,520
Another trap that people fall into is doing your adjustment

1556
01:28:16,600 --> 01:28:19,439
and corrections from the seventy five degree column instead of

1557
01:28:19,479 --> 01:28:22,880
the ninety. Now, remember the only time you can do

1558
01:28:23,039 --> 01:28:25,520
your d rating or adjustment and correction from the ninety

1559
01:28:25,600 --> 01:28:29,920
is when your insulation truly is rated ninety degrees c. Okay,

1560
01:28:31,159 --> 01:28:34,439
if you're using you're doing an adjustment of correction, and

1561
01:28:34,520 --> 01:28:39,199
you're in an environment which you're using say THHWN, then

1562
01:28:39,239 --> 01:28:42,119
that's seventy five degrees. So you're going to do your

1563
01:28:42,119 --> 01:28:44,399
adjustment and corrections from the seventy five because of your

1564
01:28:44,560 --> 01:28:47,800
limitation of the insulation's rating. But if you're in a

1565
01:28:47,880 --> 01:28:51,560
dry environment and you're using THHWN, which is also usually

1566
01:28:51,720 --> 01:28:56,720
mutually THHHN, then in a dry environment, you're going to

1567
01:28:56,760 --> 01:28:58,560
be doing this from the nineties where you're going to

1568
01:28:58,600 --> 01:29:02,680
start your d rating. So read the question closely and

1569
01:29:02,760 --> 01:29:07,359
again this is also real world scenarios. Pay attention from

1570
01:29:07,439 --> 01:29:10,319
where you start your adjustment corrections from could you make

1571
01:29:10,359 --> 01:29:14,359
a big difference? Okay. Another trap that you want to

1572
01:29:14,359 --> 01:29:17,079
steer clear of is if they ask you a question,

1573
01:29:17,199 --> 01:29:21,520
for example about non metallic sheath cable. Now, I can

1574
01:29:21,640 --> 01:29:25,520
use the ninety degree see opacity value under three fourteen

1575
01:29:25,600 --> 01:29:30,920
dot at three thirty four dot eighty, but ultimately you're

1576
01:29:31,000 --> 01:29:33,000
still going to be limited to the sixty degree no

1577
01:29:33,079 --> 01:29:35,680
matter what. The only reason we're using the ninety is

1578
01:29:35,720 --> 01:29:37,640
to adjust and correct it to make sure one we

1579
01:29:37,720 --> 01:29:40,520
still have a conductor can handle the load, and as

1580
01:29:40,560 --> 01:29:43,439
long as that load does not exceed the value that's

1581
01:29:43,520 --> 01:29:45,479
under the sixty degree column. So we still have a

1582
01:29:45,479 --> 01:29:47,439
conductor that's equal to or greater than what's under the

1583
01:29:47,479 --> 01:29:51,960
sixty degree and the fact that our load does not

1584
01:29:52,159 --> 01:29:56,880
exceed the sixty degree columns value. That's all we're really doing, Okay,

1585
01:29:58,279 --> 01:30:00,920
So keep that in mind. Don't don't fall for those

1586
01:30:00,960 --> 01:30:04,039
little traps that type of thing, and never use the

1587
01:30:04,159 --> 01:30:07,960
ninety degree for your end value. In fact, with that one,

1588
01:30:08,000 --> 01:30:10,199
I always tell people, just go to the sixty right away,

1589
01:30:10,279 --> 01:30:12,279
pick the conductor size you need. If it's not metallic,

1590
01:30:12,319 --> 01:30:15,840
sheats cable, just pick it right away under the sixty degree,

1591
01:30:16,399 --> 01:30:19,840
and then do the math to make sure you're still okay. Okay,

1592
01:30:22,119 --> 01:30:25,880
all right, let's mix a few questions and let's see

1593
01:30:25,880 --> 01:30:27,880
if we can answer a few of these. A few

1594
01:30:27,920 --> 01:30:29,840
of these questions here, let me give you one real

1595
01:30:29,920 --> 01:30:32,319
quick to take away, and you can pause this podcast

1596
01:30:32,359 --> 01:30:34,840
if you want and work it offline. Let's say I

1597
01:30:34,920 --> 01:30:37,840
have fifty five amps of continuous load is fed in

1598
01:30:37,920 --> 01:30:40,640
a through a race way, and I have six current

1599
01:30:40,720 --> 01:30:46,000
carring thhn conductors running through an attic at forty degree

1600
01:30:46,159 --> 01:30:52,920
C in the terminals, or seventy five degrees see rated. Okay,

1601
01:30:53,119 --> 01:30:58,159
what size conductor is required? Okay, so in this case

1602
01:30:58,279 --> 01:31:00,800
we know it's fifty five amps and it's continuous load.

1603
01:31:01,079 --> 01:31:03,199
It tells us that I don't need to know how

1604
01:31:03,239 --> 01:31:05,520
long the load runs because the question tells me it's

1605
01:31:05,520 --> 01:31:08,479
a continuous load. Okay, Now, fifty five amps is the

1606
01:31:08,520 --> 01:31:12,159
actual load, right, I mean that is the load. But

1607
01:31:12,479 --> 01:31:14,960
when I see a continuous load, that means, okay, I'm

1608
01:31:15,000 --> 01:31:17,319
gonna have to do something. I gotta do something else

1609
01:31:17,399 --> 01:31:20,239
because I gotta make sure I've got fifty five ams,

1610
01:31:20,640 --> 01:31:22,880
and because I'm gonna have to because there is a

1611
01:31:22,920 --> 01:31:26,000
continuous load, I'm now gonna have to compare two ten

1612
01:31:26,319 --> 01:31:29,680
nineteen A one to two ten nine nineteen A two,

1613
01:31:29,920 --> 01:31:33,720
and I'm gonna have whichever yields a larger conductor. That's

1614
01:31:33,720 --> 01:31:38,880
what I'm gonna go with. But I also understand, but

1615
01:31:38,960 --> 01:31:41,840
I have a correction, and I have an adjustment. I'm

1616
01:31:41,840 --> 01:31:44,119
gonna be honest with you, folks. This is about as

1617
01:31:44,239 --> 01:31:48,600
complicated as they really do get on an exam. This

1618
01:31:48,840 --> 01:31:53,560
is a three like a three step calculation question, and

1619
01:31:53,680 --> 01:31:56,439
so it's it's not hard, but you have to think

1620
01:31:56,479 --> 01:31:58,439
about it in steps and when I tell you to

1621
01:31:58,520 --> 01:32:02,079
dissect things, that's exactly what I mean. Okay, So fifty

1622
01:32:02,119 --> 01:32:05,239
five amps, that's my load. Period, write that down. That's

1623
01:32:05,279 --> 01:32:08,720
your load. Fifty five amps is a continuous load. Before

1624
01:32:08,720 --> 01:32:10,680
I even apply any adjustment of corrections, I need to

1625
01:32:10,720 --> 01:32:13,239
find out what would two ten dot nineteen a one be?

1626
01:32:13,960 --> 01:32:17,880
What conductor would I need? First? Okay? And seventy five

1627
01:32:17,920 --> 01:32:21,079
degree terminals? I get all that. It's thhhn. I get

1628
01:32:21,119 --> 01:32:25,399
all that. So fifty five times one point twenty five

1629
01:32:26,760 --> 01:32:31,079
and that is sixty eight point seventy five ampires first, okay.

1630
01:32:32,079 --> 01:32:35,640
So if I were to use that first right, and

1631
01:32:36,159 --> 01:32:38,600
I would go to the seventy five degree column because

1632
01:32:38,600 --> 01:32:40,359
I'm not using the ninety right because I'm not doing

1633
01:32:40,399 --> 01:32:43,079
adjustment of correction. I'm just doing the two to ten

1634
01:32:43,119 --> 01:32:45,359
dot nineteen eight one. I'm just dealing with the continuous

1635
01:32:45,399 --> 01:32:48,600
load to see what conductor I would need. So in

1636
01:32:48,720 --> 01:32:50,920
that one, I'm gonna look down under the seventy five

1637
01:32:50,960 --> 01:32:53,199
because that's what our terminals are. And remember, don't fall

1638
01:32:53,279 --> 01:32:54,920
for that. In a real world, if you didn't know

1639
01:32:54,960 --> 01:32:57,000
what the terminals were, then you would be locked under

1640
01:32:57,000 --> 01:33:00,720
the sixty. But I'm telling you they're seventy five. Okay,

1641
01:33:01,800 --> 01:33:05,000
So I'm going under seventy five, and I'm gonna say, okay,

1642
01:33:05,079 --> 01:33:07,079
I need a conductor that's good for sixty eight point

1643
01:33:07,119 --> 01:33:09,520
seventy five AMS. So it looks to me that it

1644
01:33:09,560 --> 01:33:14,079
would be a four gauge. Let's see, yep, because I

1645
01:33:14,239 --> 01:33:16,800
need sixty eight point seventy five. The next one that's

1646
01:33:16,840 --> 01:33:18,640
eighty five ams, So it looks like a four gauge.

1647
01:33:18,800 --> 01:33:21,520
So just write that down. Really, that's all you gotta do.

1648
01:33:21,640 --> 01:33:26,840
Write that down. So four gauge copper. Okay, all right. Next,

1649
01:33:27,800 --> 01:33:30,640
let me go in and find my multipliers. Now, since

1650
01:33:30,640 --> 01:33:32,680
i've got six current carent conductors, I'm gonna go to

1651
01:33:32,760 --> 01:33:36,159
three ten fifteen C one, and it looks like from

1652
01:33:36,239 --> 01:33:39,000
four to six it's an eighty percent multiplier. So I'm

1653
01:33:39,039 --> 01:33:41,840
gonna turn that into decimals. So I'm start from the right,

1654
01:33:41,920 --> 01:33:43,439
move it two spaces to the left, so it's point

1655
01:33:43,479 --> 01:33:46,520
eight zero. Okay, I'm writing that down. So that's my multiplier,

1656
01:33:46,640 --> 01:33:51,600
point eight zero, gotcha. Next, let's get that ambient correction value. Well,

1657
01:33:51,640 --> 01:33:53,520
we're gonna go to table three ten fifteen B one.

1658
01:33:54,199 --> 01:33:56,680
We're gonna be in the ninety degree column because it

1659
01:33:56,760 --> 01:34:01,520
is thhhn. And that multiplier I believe is point nine

1660
01:34:01,560 --> 01:34:04,800
to one. So let's double check. And I didn't that

1661
01:34:04,960 --> 01:34:07,600
from memory, but let's let's go never trust it, go

1662
01:34:07,760 --> 01:34:11,000
look at it. I'm gonna go look at it. So

1663
01:34:11,319 --> 01:34:14,640
since our temperature is forty degree C, we're in the

1664
01:34:14,720 --> 01:34:19,119
left column and we're gonna find forty degrees c there.

1665
01:34:19,199 --> 01:34:21,039
It is right there, and we're gonna go to the

1666
01:34:21,119 --> 01:34:23,960
right and that is point nine to one. So that

1667
01:34:24,199 --> 01:34:29,560
is correct. We're at point nine to one is my multiplier. Okay,

1668
01:34:29,680 --> 01:34:31,920
so we've got the point nine to one that's for

1669
01:34:32,000 --> 01:34:37,119
the ambient correction, and for the adjustment, we've got the

1670
01:34:37,359 --> 01:34:41,479
point eight zero boom. Okay, now remember what it said.

1671
01:34:42,159 --> 01:34:45,239
At this point, I already know what I need for

1672
01:34:45,319 --> 01:34:47,720
the continuous load. I know that the four gauge would

1673
01:34:47,720 --> 01:34:49,840
handle that part, but I need to see if that

1674
01:34:50,000 --> 01:34:52,840
ends up being the largest conductor. So now I'm gonna

1675
01:34:52,880 --> 01:34:56,199
go using a two. I'm gonna say, okay, remember, I'm

1676
01:34:56,239 --> 01:34:59,479
gonna go to the ninety Okay, I'm gonna go to

1677
01:34:59,479 --> 01:35:04,560
the ninety column and I we'll say, okay, and what

1678
01:35:04,680 --> 01:35:06,960
do I need to do in order to see what

1679
01:35:07,399 --> 01:35:12,680
size I need for this. Okay, Well, let's go to

1680
01:35:12,680 --> 01:35:14,159
the right, and I'm gonna show you are shortcutting a

1681
01:35:14,199 --> 01:35:16,600
long way to do this and another way to do this,

1682
01:35:16,640 --> 01:35:18,880
but well, let's just go this way. So I'm gonna say,

1683
01:35:18,920 --> 01:35:20,640
since I'm starting with the four and I know it

1684
01:35:20,760 --> 01:35:23,119
can't be, it's got to at least be a four

1685
01:35:23,199 --> 01:35:25,000
because that's what the continuous load one. So I'm gonna

1686
01:35:25,039 --> 01:35:28,720
start with the four. So I'm gonna go to the four, okay,

1687
01:35:29,399 --> 01:35:31,680
And let's go to three ten sixteen. And the reason

1688
01:35:31,720 --> 01:35:33,319
I went to the four gage is because we already

1689
01:35:33,359 --> 01:35:35,079
did it for continuous load, and we know that it

1690
01:35:35,760 --> 01:35:38,479
can't be smaller than a four because that was the

1691
01:35:38,520 --> 01:35:40,279
first one we did for continuous load. So it's got

1692
01:35:40,359 --> 01:35:41,640
to be at least a four. We're trying to see

1693
01:35:41,640 --> 01:35:44,880
if this one requires it to be larger than that. Okay,

1694
01:35:45,039 --> 01:35:46,920
So I'm going here and I'm at three ten sixteen,

1695
01:35:46,920 --> 01:35:49,960
I'm gonna go to a four, and a four looks

1696
01:35:50,000 --> 01:35:53,920
like it's ninety five amps, Okay, So I'm gonna come

1697
01:35:53,960 --> 01:35:56,880
back and I go, okay, well, i'm gonna do the

1698
01:35:57,319 --> 01:36:01,319
ninety five amps and I'm going to now do the

1699
01:36:01,479 --> 01:36:04,119
mass that I had before. I'm gonna do it times

1700
01:36:04,439 --> 01:36:07,039
point eight zero in times point nine to one. So

1701
01:36:07,119 --> 01:36:10,640
I'm going to take that ninety five, multiply it by

1702
01:36:10,880 --> 01:36:15,520
point eight zero, multiply that by point nine to one,

1703
01:36:16,680 --> 01:36:23,279
and that equals sixty nine point sixteen AMPS. Now the

1704
01:36:23,399 --> 01:36:26,319
key here is that we knew that the fore gauge

1705
01:36:26,560 --> 01:36:29,000
was what's required when it was a continuous load, and

1706
01:36:29,199 --> 01:36:33,359
all we're doing here is to verify that we still

1707
01:36:33,479 --> 01:36:36,920
have a conductor after an adjustment of correction that's still

1708
01:36:36,960 --> 01:36:38,600
going to give us a value that it's equal to

1709
01:36:38,800 --> 01:36:43,079
or greater than what that was the fifty five ams

1710
01:36:43,479 --> 01:36:47,079
So obviously sixty nine point sixteen amps is fine, it's

1711
01:36:47,159 --> 01:36:50,680
not not a problem. Now you can also do this

1712
01:36:50,880 --> 01:36:54,039
as well using the fifteen one. Let me show you

1713
01:36:54,039 --> 01:36:56,640
how you can do this another way. You can actually

1714
01:36:56,840 --> 01:37:00,680
use the fifty five ams right that you need to

1715
01:37:00,800 --> 01:37:03,239
have after the adjustment of correction, So you can do

1716
01:37:03,319 --> 01:37:06,800
the fifty five and do division. Do fifty five divided

1717
01:37:06,880 --> 01:37:11,840
by point eight zero divided by zero point nine to

1718
01:37:11,920 --> 01:37:17,479
one and equals seventy five point seventy four. So if

1719
01:37:17,520 --> 01:37:20,960
that's the case, then you will go under. You go

1720
01:37:21,159 --> 01:37:23,720
back to the to the code book under three ten, sixteen,

1721
01:37:23,760 --> 01:37:26,199
and go to four again and look to the right,

1722
01:37:26,239 --> 01:37:30,119
and you'll see that under the ninety good for ninety five, okay,

1723
01:37:31,439 --> 01:37:34,960
so it's under the fourth, it's ninety five. So it

1724
01:37:35,079 --> 01:37:40,159
tells you that it's obviously equates, and it works backwards

1725
01:37:40,199 --> 01:37:42,840
and forwards. So whether you started and if you were

1726
01:37:42,920 --> 01:37:44,720
doing it this way and you started at the fifty

1727
01:37:44,760 --> 01:37:47,239
five and you use a vision, you would be going

1728
01:37:47,319 --> 01:37:49,079
here and you have to find a conductor that's at

1729
01:37:49,199 --> 01:37:54,079
least rated for the seventy five amps seventy five point five. Well,

1730
01:37:54,600 --> 01:37:58,560
you couldn't go under the four, right, because previously it

1731
01:37:58,640 --> 01:38:00,720
said it couldn't be smaller than it at least to

1732
01:38:00,760 --> 01:38:02,760
be a four, So you couldn't go to a six,

1733
01:38:02,880 --> 01:38:05,359
even though that says seventy five. But the fact that

1734
01:38:05,479 --> 01:38:09,520
it is point five, you don't drop point five, okay,

1735
01:38:10,079 --> 01:38:13,720
So it's over seventy five amps, so that immediately would

1736
01:38:13,720 --> 01:38:15,840
push you up into a four as well. So that's

1737
01:38:15,880 --> 01:38:18,239
why you would be at the ninety five amp rated

1738
01:38:18,279 --> 01:38:23,039
conductor under the ninety degree column. So either way, it

1739
01:38:23,199 --> 01:38:25,640
shows you how to do that. But the reason we

1740
01:38:25,760 --> 01:38:29,039
started with four is because we knew the conductor couldn't

1741
01:38:29,079 --> 01:38:31,680
be smaller than a four, because that's what it was

1742
01:38:31,760 --> 01:38:34,119
in our first equation to ten to nineteen eighty one.

1743
01:38:34,680 --> 01:38:37,720
All we're doing now is to validate that and check

1744
01:38:37,840 --> 01:38:42,000
it now to see if the conductor size changed after

1745
01:38:42,039 --> 01:38:44,000
adjustment and corrective purposes, because we have to go with

1746
01:38:44,079 --> 01:38:46,520
whatever the larger is of the two, right, So that's

1747
01:38:46,560 --> 01:38:50,560
important for people to realize. You have to compare and

1748
01:38:50,680 --> 01:38:55,479
see how that works. Okay, all right, so kind of

1749
01:38:55,479 --> 01:38:59,319
a wrap up here. Final words, Always use the ninety

1750
01:38:59,359 --> 01:39:01,199
column when you're doing the de rating as long as

1751
01:39:01,239 --> 01:39:04,840
the installation of the conductors rated for that, but always

1752
01:39:04,920 --> 01:39:07,520
select your final conductor from the seventy five or sixty

1753
01:39:07,520 --> 01:39:09,840
degree depending on the limitations in one ten dot fourteen

1754
01:39:09,920 --> 01:39:13,680
c or whatever wiring method you're working with, like non

1755
01:39:13,720 --> 01:39:16,000
mentallity tith cable. You can use ninety, but ultimately you're

1756
01:39:16,000 --> 01:39:19,760
gonna be stuck in the sixty. Remember continuous loads, whether

1757
01:39:20,239 --> 01:39:22,000
they tell you in a question or you're in the

1758
01:39:22,079 --> 01:39:25,239
real world and somebody says, hey, this is continuous load,

1759
01:39:25,800 --> 01:39:27,880
then you're taking that load at one hundred and twenty

1760
01:39:27,880 --> 01:39:31,159
five percent for conductor sizing and breker sizing. But that's

1761
01:39:31,239 --> 01:39:34,079
not the actual load. The actual load is the value

1762
01:39:34,119 --> 01:39:37,079
that you're given. Okay, so forty amps a continuous load

1763
01:39:37,159 --> 01:39:39,520
is still forty amps. Yes, you're going to add one

1764
01:39:39,560 --> 01:39:42,119
hundred and twenty five percent to it, do it multiply

1765
01:39:42,239 --> 01:39:44,960
by one hundred and twenty five percent for conductor sizing

1766
01:39:45,479 --> 01:39:48,880
and for breaker. But if you ask what the actual

1767
01:39:48,960 --> 01:39:51,680
load is, it's still the forty amps that didn't change.

1768
01:39:52,840 --> 01:39:55,279
A neutral may or may not be considered a current

1769
01:39:55,279 --> 01:39:57,439
car and conductor, depending on what type of system it is.

1770
01:39:58,720 --> 01:40:01,000
So be very diligent in your questions. In a real world,

1771
01:40:01,079 --> 01:40:02,680
you'll know that based on the system and what the

1772
01:40:02,760 --> 01:40:08,239
circuits are. Never ever apply a temperature correction to the

1773
01:40:08,319 --> 01:40:12,319
seventy five degree column unless you're using a conductor that

1774
01:40:12,720 --> 01:40:16,760
is rated seventy five degrees C in an environment for

1775
01:40:16,880 --> 01:40:19,079
that and you'll be using it from the seventy five

1776
01:40:19,159 --> 01:40:22,319
because the insulation's not rated ninety. So that's when you

1777
01:40:22,359 --> 01:40:24,239
would use the seventy five. But if you're in a

1778
01:40:24,359 --> 01:40:27,479
dry environment, you're using something like a THGN or a

1779
01:40:27,560 --> 01:40:31,199
thhwn DASH two that's what that dash too means treated

1780
01:40:31,239 --> 01:40:34,359
as a ninety degree rated insulation, then you use the

1781
01:40:34,479 --> 01:40:37,319
ninety to do your adjustment and corrections, so you may

1782
01:40:37,479 --> 01:40:40,319
use the seventy five, but it is usually when you're

1783
01:40:40,439 --> 01:40:43,000
only dealing with an insulation that's rated seventy five, because

1784
01:40:43,000 --> 01:40:45,279
you can't use a ninety if the insulation's not rated ninety.

1785
01:40:45,439 --> 01:40:49,920
You understand that always follow this order. Determine your load,

1786
01:40:50,680 --> 01:40:54,479
find your opacity under the ninety, do your adjustment of corrections,

1787
01:40:54,640 --> 01:40:57,680
and then validate your temperature ratings by making sure that

1788
01:40:57,800 --> 01:41:00,239
it doesn't exceed and that you're seventy five, five or

1789
01:41:00,319 --> 01:41:03,159
six degree column is going to be enough to handle

1790
01:41:03,199 --> 01:41:07,439
the load. And so we always referring back to these one,

1791
01:41:07,520 --> 01:41:10,359
ten dot fourteen terminal limitations. And if that any of

1792
01:41:10,479 --> 01:41:15,640
that confuses you, please do me a favor go over

1793
01:41:15,880 --> 01:41:21,479
to fast tracks tube and search for de rating Demystified.

1794
01:41:22,159 --> 01:41:24,640
Whether it's version two point zero or three point zero,

1795
01:41:25,039 --> 01:41:27,640
it's still going to give you those real important factors

1796
01:41:27,680 --> 01:41:30,800
to remember, because this is probably the most confusing topic

1797
01:41:31,880 --> 01:41:34,520
for people who are working through the National Electrical Code.

1798
01:41:34,560 --> 01:41:37,239
And my hope is that I didn't make it more

1799
01:41:37,319 --> 01:41:40,520
confusing for you. Till next time, folks, stay safe, God blessed,

1800
01:41:40,560 --> 01:41:41,960
we'll catch you in a Future podcast.

1801
01:41:43,119 --> 01:41:46,439
Speaker 1: Thanks for tuning into another electrifying episode of the Master

1802
01:41:46,600 --> 01:41:50,760
THENP podcast. We hope you're feeling more powered up and

1803
01:41:50,880 --> 01:41:53,359
ready to tackle the electrical world with the knowledge and

1804
01:41:53,479 --> 01:41:58,159
confidence you need to succeed. Remember, in the electrical grade,

1805
01:41:58,479 --> 01:42:01,000
knowledge is power, and we're here to make sure you

1806
01:42:01,119 --> 01:42:05,039
stay plugged into the latest insights, tips and code updates.

1807
01:42:06,119 --> 01:42:09,960
If you enjoy today's episode, don't forget to subscribe, leave

1808
01:42:10,039 --> 01:42:12,720
us a review, and share the podcast with your fellow

1809
01:42:12,760 --> 01:42:18,439
electricians and industry pros. Until next time, keep your tools sharp,

1810
01:42:18,760 --> 01:42:22,039
your circuits clear, and you're my focused because here at

1811
01:42:22,079 --> 01:42:25,399
the Master of the NEEC podcast, we're all about sparking

1812
01:42:25,439 --> 01:42:30,840
your success. Stay safe, stay smart, and keep mastering the trade.

1813
01:42:32,199 --> 01:42:34,880
From all of us here at Electrical Code Academy, thank

1814
01:42:35,000 --> 01:42:36,880
you for all your support and we will see you

1815
01:42:36,960 --> 01:42:40,359
on the next amazing Master of the NEC podcast episode.