Speaker 1: You know that feeling when you're sitting in a dead,
Speaker 1: silent room, maybe it's late at night, your laptop is open,
Speaker 1: your phone is on the table, and it just feels well,
Speaker 1: it feels uceful, it feels peaceful. But if you could
Speaker 1: actually see what was happening in the air around you,
Speaker 1: if you have like X ray vision for data, that
Speaker 1: room would be absolute chaos, would be screaming.
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, it would be completely deafening.
Speaker 1: Because every millisecond there are thousands of these invisible conversations happening.
Speaker 1: Your phone talking to the router, your laptop negotiating with
Speaker 1: some server in Virginia, your smart bulb checking for firmware updates. Right,
Speaker 1: it is a massive, frantic, highly orchestrated exchange, and usually
Speaker 1: we are just completely blind to it.
Speaker 2: Well till something breaks, you know. That's usually when we
Speaker 2: actually start paying attention to the network exactly.
Speaker 1: And that is exactly where we're going today for this
Speaker 1: deep dive. We are looking at the invisible nervous system
Speaker 1: of the modern world. We're basing our discussion today on
Speaker 1: a really comprehensive guide called Network Forensics with wire Shark
Speaker 1: by Pavicshaw, and.
Speaker 2: I think it's important to right off the bat, this
Speaker 2: isn't just a basic how to manual. Shaw really frames
Speaker 2: wire Shark, which by the way, is the absolute industry
Speaker 2: standard tool for analyzing network traffic. He frames it as
Speaker 2: a lens. It's a way to capture those invisible packets
Speaker 2: flying through the air and basically freeze them in time
Speaker 2: so we can actually dissect them.
Speaker 1: So our mission today is to step into the shoes
Speaker 1: of that forensic analyst. We are going to trace the
Speaker 1: life of a data packet. We're going to see how
Speaker 1: your devices agree to talk, how they handle it when
Speaker 1: messages get lost, and how they keep secrets. And we
Speaker 1: are starting at a place I honestly didn't expect a
Speaker 1: hardcore networking text to start.
Speaker 2: The dashboard of your car.
Speaker 1: A car, because apparently before we can even talk about
Speaker 1: the internet, we need to talk about the infotainment system.
Speaker 2: It makes perfect sense if you think about it, though.
Speaker 2: Modern cars are literally just networks on wheels that screen
Speaker 2: on your dash the integrated head unit. It isn't just
Speaker 2: a radio.
Speaker 1: Anymore, right, It's a computer.
Speaker 2: It's a massive hub. It's running an operating system. It
Speaker 2: talks to the heads of display and it has to
Speaker 2: pull data from sensors located all over the vehicle.
Speaker 1: And this introduces our first big concept which Shaw spends
Speaker 1: a good amount of time on the SAHM CAN the
Speaker 1: Controller Area network.
Speaker 2: Right, So to understand, can imagine the wiring in a
Speaker 2: car from say the nineteen sixties. If you wanted the
Speaker 2: brake pedal to turn on the tail lights, you basically
Speaker 2: ran a physical copper wire from the pedal all the
Speaker 2: way to the light. Simple.
Speaker 1: But now you have airbags, abs, engine, timing, climate control, navigate.
Speaker 1: I mean, if you ran a dedicated wire for every
Speaker 1: single connection today, the car would weigh ten tons exactly.
Speaker 2: It'd be impossible. So the CAN protocol solves this physical problem.
Speaker 2: It treats the car's components as nodes and they all
Speaker 2: share a single communication light.
Speaker 1: A serial bus, a serial bus.
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's almost like an old school party line telephone.
Speaker 2: Everyone's listening to the same way, and when a message
Speaker 2: comes down the line, the right note just grabs it.
Speaker 1: Shaw uses a really specific example here that I thought
Speaker 1: was great because it immediately raises the stakes. He talks
Speaker 1: about the spark ignition engine.
Speaker 2: Yeah, because the internal combustion engine is entirely a timing game.
Speaker 2: You need the stark to fire in the combustion chamber
Speaker 2: at the exact millisecond the fuel.
Speaker 1: Is compressed, and if that signal is late, the.
Speaker 2: Engine knocks or just straight up doesn't run right. So
Speaker 2: the engine control unit, the ECU, it needs to coordinate
Speaker 2: that spark instantly. It absolutely cannot wait for the air
Speaker 2: conditioning system to finish reporting the cabin temperature.
Speaker 1: It needs priority exactly.
Speaker 2: The network has to prioritize. And this is really our
Speaker 2: first core lesson in networking. Latency matters and protocols, which
Speaker 2: are basically just the rules of the road, are what
Speaker 2: prevent the entire system from crashing.
Speaker 1: Okay, so the CANbus is the model for the car.
Speaker 1: It's contained, but when we move out to the Internet,
Speaker 1: we need a much bigger model, and the source material
Speaker 1: brings up the famous OSI.
Speaker 2: Model, ah the open systems intercannation model. If you have
Speaker 2: ever taken to computer science class, you've definitely memorized the
Speaker 2: seven layer.
Speaker 1: DIP physical data link network all the way up to
Speaker 1: application at the top.
Speaker 2: It's a really elegant theoretical framework. It separates the raw
Speaker 2: physical cables which is layer one, from the routing at
Speaker 2: layer three. All the way up to the web browser
Speaker 2: you're actually looking at, which is layer seven. But Shaw
Speaker 2: makes a really critical distinction here.
Speaker 1: Yeah, he says, the OSCI model is great for teaching,
Speaker 1: but the TCPIP model is what actually runs the real world.
Speaker 2: Because TCPIP is practical. It condenses those theoretical layers into
Speaker 2: something workable. But the fundamental job is exactly the same.
Speaker 2: You take a request from your browser, let's say, get
Speaker 2: Megoogle dot com. You chop it up into tiny little pieces,
Speaker 2: you address them, and you show them onto the.
Speaker 1: Wire where the rubber meets the road.
Speaker 2: Literally.
Speaker 1: Okay, so let's get into the weeds here. Let's look
Speaker 1: at one of those actual conversations. Because the source heavily
Speaker 1: emphasizes that the Internet is not just a fire hose.
Speaker 1: You don't just blast a bunch of data at a
Speaker 1: server and cross your fingers hoping it catches that.
Speaker 2: Now you have to be polite.
Speaker 1: You have to shake hand.
Speaker 2: Yes, the TCP three way handshake. It is fundamental to
Speaker 2: everything we do online. Almost nothing on the web happens
Speaker 2: without this specific ritual happening. First, I really.
Speaker 1: Want to walk through this because I think people just
Speaker 1: assume computers connect instantly you click a link, Boom, it's there.
Speaker 1: But there's a whole negotiation happening. So let's roleplay this
Speaker 1: a bit. Okay, I will be my laptop. You can
Speaker 1: be the server. I want to download a file from you.
Speaker 1: I don't just start screaming give me the file.
Speaker 2: No, that would be UDP, which we can get to
Speaker 2: in a bit with TCP. You want guaranteed reliability, So
Speaker 2: step one, your laptop sends a syn packet syn it
Speaker 2: stands for synchronize. You're essentially walking up to me and saying, knock, knock.
Speaker 2: I would like to open a secure line. Here's my
Speaker 2: starting sequence number.
Speaker 1: Okay, so I've knocked. What's step two.
Speaker 2: I'm the server. I receive that knock. If I'm active
Speaker 2: and have the bandwidth, I reply with a yn ack,
Speaker 2: synchronize and acknowledge. I'm basically saying I heard your knock.
Speaker 2: That is the ACK part, and I'm also ready to
Speaker 2: synchronize our communication. That's the syn part.
Speaker 1: So we are halfway there. I know you're ready, you
Speaker 1: know I'm ready. Why isn't that enough? Why do we
Speaker 1: need a three way handshake?
Speaker 2: Because I don't know that you know that I'm ready.
Speaker 1: It sounds like a really bad comedy sketch.
Speaker 2: It does. It's very redundant, but that is exactly why
Speaker 2: we need step three. You have to send a final
Speaker 2: ack packet back to me acknowledged I got your confirmation.
Speaker 1: And once that third packet hits.
Speaker 2: Once that hits my specialized network card, the socket is
Speaker 2: officially open. Boom, we are connected and data can flow.
Speaker 1: And this little three step dance happens for every single website.
Speaker 2: You visit, every single site, every image resource on the page.
Speaker 2: Sometimes it happens dozens of times simultaneously just to load
Speaker 2: one single news article.
Speaker 1: Wow. Now you mentioned sequence numbers during that handshake, and
Speaker 1: the source material has these screenshots from wire Shark where
Speaker 1: there are these absolutely huge numbers associated with every package.
Speaker 2: Yeah, that is how TCP keeps the story straight. The
Speaker 2: Internet is incredibly messy. Packets don't always take the same route,
Speaker 2: so they don't always arrive in the right order. Imagine
Speaker 2: if I sent you a book in the mail one
Speaker 2: page at a time, page fifty might actually arrive at
Speaker 2: your house before page ten.
Speaker 1: So the sequence number is just the page.
Speaker 2: Number essentially, Yes, but it tracks individual bytes of data,
Speaker 2: not pages. So if I send you a thousand bytes
Speaker 2: of data, and my current sequence number is five thousand,
Speaker 2: The next sequence number will be six thousand.
Speaker 1: It's just simple edition, current sequence.
Speaker 2: Plus the data payload exactly, simple edition.
Speaker 1: Sure, simple addition. But in the wire Shark screenshots, show
Speaker 1: provides these numbers are terrifying to look at. They're like
Speaker 1: three billion, four hundred million in something.
Speaker 2: They're massive. Yeah, and that's because they're randomly generated for
Speaker 2: security purposes. Ye, you really don't want to start at
Speaker 2: number one every time you connect to your bank, or
Speaker 2: hackers can easily guess your sex a hijacket. But Shaw
Speaker 2: gives a really great pro tip here for anyone actually
Speaker 2: opening up wire.
Speaker 1: Shark relative sequence numbers.
Speaker 2: Yes, turn that setting on immediately. It just tells Wireshark look,
Speaker 2: I don't care that the real starting number is four billion.
Speaker 2: Just treat the very first packet as zero and count
Speaker 2: up from there. It makes the forensic analysis actually readable
Speaker 2: for a human brain.
Speaker 1: I definitely prefer starting at zero. Okay, so we've shaken hands.
Speaker 1: We are counting the bytes. But this is the real world.
Speaker 1: Backos cut fiber optic cables, WI Fi signals fade when
Speaker 1: you walk into the kitchen what actually happens when the
Speaker 1: conversation breaks.
Speaker 2: This right here is the absolute core of network forensics,
Speaker 2: spotting the errors. In the old days of TCP, if
Speaker 2: we were sending a stream of data, let's say we
Speaker 2: send packets one, two, three, and four and Packett two
Speaker 2: just vanishes into the ether.
Speaker 1: Receiver gets one, three and four and knows there's a
Speaker 1: hole in the middle.
Speaker 2: Right, it would send a message back to the server saying, hey,
Speaker 2: I got up to pack it one, but I am
Speaker 2: currently missing packet two. The problem was the center didn't
Speaker 2: know if packets three and four arrived safely either. Oh,
Speaker 2: I see, So it just played incredibly safe and resend
Speaker 2: everything from packet too onwards.
Speaker 1: It REASNDS two, three and four, But you just said
Speaker 1: three and four were already sitting there. That seems incredibly wasteful.
Speaker 2: It is terrible for bandwidth. It completely clogs the pipe.
Speaker 2: And that's exactly why Shah highlights a protocol feature called
Speaker 2: SCCK SACK Selective Acknowledgment.
Speaker 1: I love the acronyms and networking they always sound slightly aggressive. SAC.
Speaker 2: It is a total game changer for network efficiency. With
Speaker 2: SACK enabled, the receiver can be surgically precise. It says, ok,
Speaker 2: server I received everything up to byte one thousand, I
Speaker 2: am missing the next chunk. But and here is the
Speaker 2: clever part, I did receive the chunk from byte two
Speaker 2: thousand to three thousand.
Speaker 1: So it confirms the little islands of data it actually has.
Speaker 2: Exactly and wire shark you can actually see these specific fields.
Speaker 2: They are called the left edge and the right edge.
Speaker 2: They literally define the start and end boundaries of the
Speaker 2: data that actually made it through the chaos.
Speaker 1: So the center just looks at those edges and says, oh,
Speaker 1: you just need that one missing piece right in the middle.
Speaker 2: It's a surgical strike. It fills the pothole without having
Speaker 2: to repave the entire street. And when you are looking
Speaker 2: at a wire shark capture of a really slow network,
Speaker 2: seeing a ton of these sec K packets helps you
Speaker 2: diagnose that the network is dropping data left and right,
Speaker 2: but the protocol is fighting tooth and nail to recover
Speaker 2: it efficiently.
Speaker 1: It really gives you a lot of respect for the
Speaker 1: people who design these protocols. They just assume failure is
Speaker 1: inevitable and they build the system to plan for it.
Speaker 2: That is the entire philosophy of the Internet. It is
Speaker 2: technically classified as a best effort network. It promises to
Speaker 2: try its hardest, but it never promises to be perfect.
Speaker 1: Let's bring this a little closer to home for the listeners.
Speaker 1: We've been talking a lot about the theory of the handshakes, sacks,
Speaker 1: sequence numbers. But right now, you, the listener, are probably
Speaker 1: sitting on your home Wi Fi network. What does all
Speaker 1: of this look like for them?
Speaker 2: Well, if they open their command prompt on their you
Speaker 2: to right now and check their IP address. I can
Speaker 2: almost guarantee you what numbers it starts.
Speaker 1: With one nine, two six eight the absolute.
Speaker 2: Classic and shop points out this specific rule book that
Speaker 2: mandates this. It's called RSC nineteen eighteen. It's an engineering
Speaker 2: document that basically set aside certain ranges of IP addresses
Speaker 2: strictly for private internal use.
Speaker 1: Private meaning they literally don't exist on the real public Internet.
Speaker 2: Exactly. If you try to send a data packet to
Speaker 2: one und two point one six eight point one point
Speaker 2: five out on the public Internet, the major backbone routers
Speaker 2: will just laugh at you and drop it in the trash.
Speaker 2: Those addresses only exist inside the four walls of your house.
Speaker 1: But wait a minute, if my laptop has a fake
Speaker 1: private address. How am I reading the New York Times?
Speaker 1: How does the server in New York know where to
Speaker 1: send the web page back to if my address isn't real.
Speaker 2: That is the magic trick performed by that little plastic
Speaker 2: Wi Fi router sitting in your living room. It's a
Speaker 2: process called NAT Network address translation.
Speaker 1: I've definitely heard of NAT type when setting up gaming consoles,
Speaker 1: but explain what it's actually doing behind the scenes.
Speaker 2: Think of your home router like the mail room of
Speaker 2: a giant corporate office building. The employees inside the building,
Speaker 2: which are your phone, your laptop, your smart fridge, they
Speaker 2: all have internal phone extension numbers like extension one one two,
Speaker 2: one three. Those numbers don't work if you dial them
Speaker 2: from outside the building. The building itself, however, has one
Speaker 2: real public mailing address. That is your public IP address,
Speaker 2: and it's assigned to you by your Internet service provider.
Speaker 2: So when your laptop wants to send a request to Google,
Speaker 2: you hand that packet to the router. The router physically
Speaker 2: erases your internal extension the one ninety two point one
Speaker 2: six eight number, It stamps its own public IP on
Speaker 2: the return envelope, and it sends it out to the.
Speaker 1: Internet, so it's basically impersonating my laptop.
Speaker 2: It acts entirely on your behalf. And here is the
Speaker 2: really crucial part. It writes down in a little temporary ledger,
Speaker 2: I just sent a request to Google and it was
Speaker 2: for the laptop on extension one oh one. When the
Speaker 2: reply can it comes back from Google an instant later,
Speaker 2: it looks at that ledger, sees who originally asks for it,
Speaker 2: restamps the internal address on it, and passes it back
Speaker 2: to your laptop.
Speaker 1: And it is doing this for every single packet, for
Speaker 1: every single device in the house simultaneously.
Speaker 2: Thousands and thousands of times a second. That is exactly
Speaker 2: why cheap home routers sometimes freeze up and need to
Speaker 2: be rebooted. Maintaining that neat translation table in this memory
Speaker 2: is really hard work.
Speaker 1: That is just incredible, And related to this, the router
Speaker 1: is usually also the thing handing out those internal extension
Speaker 1: numbers in the first place. Right.
Speaker 2: Yes, that service is called DACP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
Speaker 2: It's basically the office manager that assigns the extension so
Speaker 2: your phone and your laptop don't accidentally fight over the
Speaker 2: same IP address, but does something else that's absolutely critical
Speaker 2: and tells your computer where to find the DNS server.
Speaker 1: Ah DNS the famous phone book of the Internet.
Speaker 2: I actually prefer to think of it as the contacts
Speaker 2: app on your smartphone, because nobody actually memorizes phone numbers anymore.
Speaker 2: You don't type one four to two point two, five,
Speaker 2: zero point one nine, zero point four to six into
Speaker 2: your browser. You just type Google dot com.
Speaker 1: But the computers only speak in.
Speaker 2: Numbers, right, So the DNS system is the translation bridge
Speaker 2: between human words and computer numbers. And Shaw shows us
Speaker 2: something really fascinating here when we look at it through
Speaker 2: wire shark. We talked about TCP earlier, that highly reliable,
Speaker 2: slightly slow, handshake heavy protocol. DNS doesn't usually use CCP.
Speaker 2: It uses UDP, the.
Speaker 1: User Data Ground protocol. Why does it use a different rule.
Speaker 2: Book Because UDP is fire and forget there is no
Speaker 2: three way handshake, There is no polite Did you hear me?
Speaker 2: I heard you. You literally just shout into the void
Speaker 2: where is Google? And the DNS server just shouts back
Speaker 2: the IP address.
Speaker 1: Because speed is everything in that moment. You don't want
Speaker 1: to wait around for a multi step handshake just to
Speaker 1: find out where the website is located exactly.
Speaker 2: Every millisecond counts. And in wire Shark, if you dissect
Speaker 2: a DNS packet, you can see all the layers stacked
Speaker 2: up beautifully. You see the ethernet frame with the physical
Speaker 2: MS addresses of the hardware. You see the IP layer
Speaker 2: with the sore and destination addresses. You see the UDP
Speaker 2: transport layer operating on port.
Speaker 1: Fifty three, and then finally you see the payload, the
Speaker 1: actual query you typed.
Speaker 2: And this is where the deep dive gets very literal.
Speaker 2: Shaw encourages his readers to look down at pain three
Speaker 2: in the wire Shark interface, the raw hexadescimal dump.
Speaker 1: This is the part that looks like matrix code, just
Speaker 1: walls of numbers and letters like zero's and f's cascading
Speaker 1: on the right side of the screen.
Speaker 2: It really demystifies how the Internet works at a physical level.
Speaker 2: When you type www, the network doesn't actually send the
Speaker 2: letter W. It sends the hexadecimal value seventy seven. So
Speaker 2: if you look closely at that raw dump, you will
Speaker 2: literally see seventy seven seventy seven in the data stream.
Speaker 3: And what about a full word like YouTube, It's broken
Speaker 3: down letter by letter by its aske code, so it
Speaker 3: shows up as seventy nine six F seventy five, seventy four,
Speaker 3: seventy five sixty two sixty five.
Speaker 1: It is genuinely wild to think about. I mean, billion
Speaker 1: dollar industries, viral videos, entire political revolutions of being coordinated. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and at the very bottom of the technology stack, it
Speaker 1: is just seventy sevens and six f's flying as pulses
Speaker 1: of light through a fiber optic cable under the ocean.
Speaker 2: It is quite literally just data. But having that realization
Speaker 2: seeing it right there in wire Shark, it brings up
Speaker 2: the big scary question of network security. If it's all
Speaker 2: just data and I can easily see it wire shark
Speaker 2: on my laptop, can you see it too? If I'm
Speaker 2: sitting cross from you to coffee shop, can you see
Speaker 2: my bank password flying by an hexco?
Speaker 1: And that brings us to the final and honestly probably
Speaker 1: the most important topic covered in the source material, the
Speaker 1: locked box HTTPS.
Speaker 2: This is the fundamental difference between sending a postcard through
Speaker 2: the mail and sending a locked titanium. Briefcase, standard HTTP
Speaker 2: traffic is sent in clear text if you look at
Speaker 2: it in wire Shark you can read the news article
Speaker 2: the person is reading. You can see their search queries,
Speaker 2: you can read their password. It's just sitting right there
Speaker 2: in pain three.
Speaker 1: Which is terrifying for anyone using public.
Speaker 2: Wi Fi, which is exactly why almost the entire modern
Speaker 2: web has force fully moved to HTTPS. The S stands
Speaker 2: for security. It uses TLS Transport Layer security to completely
Speaker 2: encrypt the payload before it ever leaves your machine.
Speaker 1: But here is the nuance that I actually found really
Speaker 1: surprising in Shaw's breakdown. Even with HTTPS turned on, you
Speaker 1: can still see some things in wire shark. The connection
Speaker 1: isn't totally invisible.
Speaker 2: That's correct. The connection still relies on TCP underneath it all,
Speaker 2: so you still see that initial three way handshake. And
Speaker 2: right after that you see a packet labeled client hello.
Speaker 2: This is the very start of the secure cryptographic.
Speaker 1: Negotiation, the client hello. It sounds very polite. What is
Speaker 1: actually inside that packet.
Speaker 2: A lot of technical metadata. Your computer is essentially telling
Speaker 2: the server hi, here is a list of all the
Speaker 2: complex encryption codes and ciphers my browser understands. But crucially,
Speaker 2: it also sends the SNI the server name indication. Think
Speaker 2: of this as the two address printed on the outside
Speaker 2: of that locked titanium briefcase.
Speaker 1: So if a hacker or even just the network admin
Speaker 1: at my office is running wire Shark, they can see
Speaker 1: that I am visiting news eighteen dot com.
Speaker 2: Yes, they can see the destination IP, and they can
Speaker 2: clearly the domain name in the S and I field,
Speaker 2: but they absolutely cannot see what is inside the briefcase.
Speaker 1: So my boss knows I'm on a news site, but
Speaker 1: they have no idea which specific article I'm reading or
Speaker 1: what I'm typing into the search bar.
Speaker 2: Exactly in wire Shark, after that initial polite hello phase,
Speaker 2: every single packet that follows is just labeled application data.
Speaker 2: And if you drop down to look at the hexpain
Speaker 2: where we clearly saw seven seven seven seven to seven
Speaker 2: seven seven earlier, now it's just completely random garbage. It's
Speaker 2: crambled noise.
Speaker 1: Because the network sniffer doesn't have the key to unlock
Speaker 1: the briefcase.
Speaker 2: Right, The whole system relies on public key encryption. The
Speaker 2: destination server holds a private key that it never ever
Speaker 2: shares over the wire. Without that specific mathematical key, unscrambling
Speaker 2: that noise is virtually impossible.
Speaker 1: But Shaw mentions that in the context of forensic analysis.
Speaker 1: This incredible security feature can actually be a massive headache
Speaker 1: if you are the good guy, right, you're the IT
Speaker 1: admin trying to fix a broken network and everything is
Speaker 1: encrypted noise. How do you delu it is a.
Speaker 2: Huge ongoing challenge in the industry. If you own the
Speaker 2: server you're diagnosing, you can actually load your private key
Speaker 2: directly into wire shark and it will decrypt the traffic
Speaker 2: locally so you can read it. But if you're just
Speaker 2: troubleshooting why a user's connection to Google workspace is running slow,
Speaker 2: you can't read the data. You are forced to rely
Speaker 2: entirely on.
Speaker 1: The metadata, so you're just looking at the handshakes, the
Speaker 1: sack packets, the latency timing exactly.
Speaker 2: You're observing the shape of the conversation because the actual
Speaker 2: content of the conversation is dark.
Speaker 1: It's a fundamental trade off. We as a society are
Speaker 1: giving up easy inspectability in exchange for necessary privacy, and.
Speaker 2: Given the stakes today, it's a trade offf we have
Speaker 2: to make.
Speaker 1: So just looking back at the whole journey we took today,
Speaker 1: we started with the physical reality of the network, the
Speaker 1: CANbus inside a car dashboard. Realizing that everything is just
Speaker 1: nodes taking turns sharing a line.
Speaker 2: Then we move to the logic of how connections form
Speaker 2: the TCP three way handshake, syn synack ack the mandatory
Speaker 2: politeness that happens before the data storm begins.
Speaker 1: We saw how the system intelligently heals itself with SAK
Speaker 1: when those packets inevitably get dropped, and how the home
Speaker 1: router uses NAT to act as the ultimate mail room
Speaker 1: traffic cop for all our personal devices.
Speaker 2: And finally we saw how modern encryption turns those easily
Speaker 2: readable hex codes back into scrambled noise, keeping our digital
Speaker 2: secrets safe even while they travel through the open air
Speaker 2: in a crowded coffee shop.
Speaker 1: It honestly changes how you look at a simple loading
Speaker 1: bar on your screen. When that little circle is spinning,
Speaker 1: it isn't just loading. It is resolving DNS. It's handshaking,
Speaker 1: acknowledging missing bytes, decrypting secure keys.
Speaker 2: It is continuously performing a minor miracle of coordination.
Speaker 1: So here is my final thought for you, the listener,
Speaker 1: to chew on. The next time you click a simple link,
Speaker 1: just take a split second to acknowledge the completely invisible,
Speaker 1: frantic reality you just kicked off Those seventy sevens and
Speaker 1: six steps aren't just abstract concepts. They are physical pulses
Speaker 1: of electromagnetic energy manipulating the error around your body right
Speaker 1: now to bring you a web page. It's literal energy
Speaker 1: passing through you.
Speaker 2: It's a bit mind vending when you put it like that.
Speaker 2: And hey, if you really want to see the matrix
Speaker 2: for yourself, go download wireshark. Just maybe don't run it
Speaker 2: on your corporate work network unless you want an immediate,
Speaker 2: very stern phone call from your IT department.
Speaker 1: Yes, always get permission first. Always wise words. Thanks for
Speaker 1: diving deep with us into the invisible threads of the Internet.
Speaker 2: It was a pleasure to be here.
Speaker 1: We will catch you on the next deep dive.