Speaker 1: A single word promises to end the wars in the
Speaker 1: former Yugoslavia. Day Dayton is the place in the United
Speaker 1: States where peace negotiations take place on the ongoing or
Speaker 1: frozen conflicts between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Republic
Speaker 1: of Croatia, and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. But
Speaker 1: above all, Dayton represents the US administration's best effort to
Speaker 1: reach a definitive solution, where all other peace plans of
Speaker 1: the last three years have failed miserably, even when they
Speaker 1: seemed very close. If Dayton fails, the unknown opens up.
Speaker 1: This is the Yugoslav Wars, a podcast produced by Barbaikas
Speaker 1: every month, Like thirty years ago, I am Federicobaccini. Let's
Speaker 1: begin the peace talks begin on first November. In a
Speaker 1: climate that is anything but peaceful. The three delegations, led
Speaker 1: by the presidents of Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, Miloshevich Tutzmann
Speaker 1: and its At Begovitch, respectively, do not trust each other
Speaker 1: and launch accusations at one another. Under the impetus of
Speaker 1: the Kissinger of the Bahkans Us chief negotiator Richard Holbrook,
Speaker 1: a proposal for the future structor of Bosnendrzegovina is immediately
Speaker 1: put on the table. It is a four point proposal,
Speaker 1: including the defense of human rights, the prosecution of those
Speaker 1: guilty of war crimes, special status for the capital Sarajevo.
Speaker 1: But above all, it recognizes Bosdenderzegovina as a sovereign state,
Speaker 1: but divided into two entities, the Federation of Bodendergegovina and
Speaker 1: the Republica Serbska. However, the first week of negotiations proves inconclusive.
Speaker 1: There are many sticking points on which it seems almost
Speaker 1: impossible to make progress. To the marcation line between the
Speaker 1: two entities, the powers of the joint institutions, the right
Speaker 1: of Republica Serbska to form a confederation with the Federal
Speaker 1: Republic of Yugoslavia, the widening of the Posovina Corridor access
Speaker 1: to the sea, the division of Sarajevo. The situation is
Speaker 1: first resolved on tenth November, when it's a tagovis end
Speaker 1: Tutsman reached an agreement to make the Federation of Bosdnderzegovina
Speaker 1: fully functional and to allow free movement between the territories
Speaker 1: controlled by the Bosnian Croats and the Bosniaks. Two days later,
Speaker 1: Serbia and Croatia also reached an agreement on the peaceful
Speaker 1: integration of Eastern Slavonia into the Republic of Croatia, officially
Speaker 1: put in an end to the Creator Serbia project, one
Speaker 1: of the triggers of the wars back in nineteen ninety one.
Speaker 1: Yet the issue of Bosnia, the main topic of Dayton,
Speaker 1: remains unresolved. But after the International Criminal Tribunal for the
Speaker 1: former Yugoslavia issues arrest warrants on fifteen November for Bosnian
Speaker 1: Serbs rather than karats ratkum Lavis and Serbian Croat, Milan
Speaker 1: Martis Miloshevich decides to end the stalemate and secure the
Speaker 1: total abolition of international sanctions against Bykrid. Between eighteen and
Speaker 1: twenty first November, the Serbian president makes key concessions on
Speaker 1: the the visibility of Sarajevo and the width of the
Speaker 1: Posavina Corridor in exchange for international arbitration on the ownership
Speaker 1: of the city of Berutzko. Thus, at twenty to twelve
Speaker 1: on twenty first November, US President Bill Clinton announces that
Speaker 1: an agreement has been reached.
Speaker 2: The presidents of Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia have made a
Speaker 2: historic and heroic choice. They have heeded the will of
Speaker 2: their people, whatever their ethnic group. The overwhelming majority of
Speaker 2: Bosnia's citizens and the citizens of Croatia and Serbia want
Speaker 2: the same thing. They want to stop the slaughter. They
Speaker 2: want to put an end of the violence and war.
Speaker 2: They want to give their children and their grandchildren a
Speaker 2: chance to lead a normal life. Today, thank god, the
Speaker 2: voices of those people have been heard.
Speaker 1: The Dayton Agreement is signed on the afternoon on twenty
Speaker 1: first November at the White House during unofficial ceremony. It
Speaker 1: is a treaty with eleven and axis both. The Enderzegovina
Speaker 1: becomes a unitary state with Sarajevo as its capital, consisting
Speaker 1: of two entities that share a number of common institutional bodies.
Speaker 1: The Tripartheide Presidency, the Council of Ministers, the bicameral Parliament,
Speaker 1: the National Bank, and the Constitutional Court. Powers such as policy,
Speaker 1: foreign trade, customs and monetary policy belong to the government.
Speaker 1: Within thirty days, all the armies must withdraw behind the
Speaker 1: Marcation line within ninety days. The territorial division must be
Speaker 1: completed within six months. The common bodies must be established.
Speaker 1: In the meantime, the un performed Blue Helmets are replaced
Speaker 1: by approximately sixty thousand soldiers from the International Eye Formation,
Speaker 1: which will ensure the implementation of the Dayton Agreement at
Speaker 1: the military level. On the political administrative level, a High
Speaker 1: Commissioner for Civil Affairs is established with its own police
Speaker 1: force and broad powers. The agreement is a complex mix
Speaker 1: of high moralism and political realism, with a touch of
Speaker 1: opportunism in sanctioning the situation created by the war on
Speaker 1: the ground, and an awkward silence on ethnic cleansing and
Speaker 1: the role of the International Criminal Tribunal. But above all,
Speaker 1: Dayton reaffirms the supremacy of the United States at the
Speaker 1: global level, with Europe and Russia having to play cats
Speaker 1: up after years of failing to find a solution to
Speaker 1: the wars in the former Yugoslavia.