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<v Speaker 1>A single word promises to end the wars in the

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<v Speaker 1>former Yugoslavia. Day Dayton is the place in the United

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<v Speaker 1>States where peace negotiations take place on the ongoing or

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<v Speaker 1>frozen conflicts between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Republic

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<v Speaker 1>of Croatia, and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. But

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<v Speaker 1>above all, Dayton represents the US administration's best effort to

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<v Speaker 1>reach a definitive solution, where all other peace plans of

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<v Speaker 1>the last three years have failed miserably, even when they

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<v Speaker 1>seemed very close. If Dayton fails, the unknown opens up.

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<v Speaker 1>This is the Yugoslav Wars, a podcast produced by Barbaikas

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<v Speaker 1>every month, Like thirty years ago, I am Federicobaccini. Let's

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<v Speaker 1>begin the peace talks begin on first November. In a

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<v Speaker 1>climate that is anything but peaceful. The three delegations, led

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<v Speaker 1>by the presidents of Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, Miloshevich Tutzmann

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<v Speaker 1>and its At Begovitch, respectively, do not trust each other

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<v Speaker 1>and launch accusations at one another. Under the impetus of

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<v Speaker 1>the Kissinger of the Bahkans Us chief negotiator Richard Holbrook,

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<v Speaker 1>a proposal for the future structor of Bosnendrzegovina is immediately

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<v Speaker 1>put on the table. It is a four point proposal,

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<v Speaker 1>including the defense of human rights, the prosecution of those

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<v Speaker 1>guilty of war crimes, special status for the capital Sarajevo.

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<v Speaker 1>But above all, it recognizes Bosdenderzegovina as a sovereign state,

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<v Speaker 1>but divided into two entities, the Federation of Bodendergegovina and

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<v Speaker 1>the Republica Serbska. However, the first week of negotiations proves inconclusive.

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<v Speaker 1>There are many sticking points on which it seems almost

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<v Speaker 1>impossible to make progress. To the marcation line between the

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<v Speaker 1>two entities, the powers of the joint institutions, the right

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<v Speaker 1>of Republica Serbska to form a confederation with the Federal

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<v Speaker 1>Republic of Yugoslavia, the widening of the Posovina Corridor access

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<v Speaker 1>to the sea, the division of Sarajevo. The situation is

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<v Speaker 1>first resolved on tenth November, when it's a tagovis end

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<v Speaker 1>Tutsman reached an agreement to make the Federation of Bosdnderzegovina

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<v Speaker 1>fully functional and to allow free movement between the territories

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<v Speaker 1>controlled by the Bosnian Croats and the Bosniaks. Two days later,

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<v Speaker 1>Serbia and Croatia also reached an agreement on the peaceful

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<v Speaker 1>integration of Eastern Slavonia into the Republic of Croatia, officially

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<v Speaker 1>put in an end to the Creator Serbia project, one

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<v Speaker 1>of the triggers of the wars back in nineteen ninety one.

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<v Speaker 1>Yet the issue of Bosnia, the main topic of Dayton,

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<v Speaker 1>remains unresolved. But after the International Criminal Tribunal for the

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<v Speaker 1>former Yugoslavia issues arrest warrants on fifteen November for Bosnian

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<v Speaker 1>Serbs rather than karats ratkum Lavis and Serbian Croat, Milan

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<v Speaker 1>Martis Miloshevich decides to end the stalemate and secure the

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<v Speaker 1>total abolition of international sanctions against Bykrid. Between eighteen and

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<v Speaker 1>twenty first November, the Serbian president makes key concessions on

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<v Speaker 1>the the visibility of Sarajevo and the width of the

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<v Speaker 1>Posavina Corridor in exchange for international arbitration on the ownership

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<v Speaker 1>of the city of Berutzko. Thus, at twenty to twelve

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<v Speaker 1>on twenty first November, US President Bill Clinton announces that

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<v Speaker 1>an agreement has been reached.

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<v Speaker 2>The presidents of Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia have made a

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<v Speaker 2>historic and heroic choice. They have heeded the will of

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<v Speaker 2>their people, whatever their ethnic group. The overwhelming majority of

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<v Speaker 2>Bosnia's citizens and the citizens of Croatia and Serbia want

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<v Speaker 2>the same thing. They want to stop the slaughter. They

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<v Speaker 2>want to put an end of the violence and war.

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<v Speaker 2>They want to give their children and their grandchildren a

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<v Speaker 2>chance to lead a normal life. Today, thank god, the

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<v Speaker 2>voices of those people have been heard.

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<v Speaker 1>The Dayton Agreement is signed on the afternoon on twenty

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<v Speaker 1>first November at the White House during unofficial ceremony. It

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<v Speaker 1>is a treaty with eleven and axis both. The Enderzegovina

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<v Speaker 1>becomes a unitary state with Sarajevo as its capital, consisting

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<v Speaker 1>of two entities that share a number of common institutional bodies.

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<v Speaker 1>The Tripartheide Presidency, the Council of Ministers, the bicameral Parliament,

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<v Speaker 1>the National Bank, and the Constitutional Court. Powers such as policy,

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<v Speaker 1>foreign trade, customs and monetary policy belong to the government.

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<v Speaker 1>Within thirty days, all the armies must withdraw behind the

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<v Speaker 1>Marcation line within ninety days. The territorial division must be

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<v Speaker 1>completed within six months. The common bodies must be established.

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<v Speaker 1>In the meantime, the un performed Blue Helmets are replaced

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<v Speaker 1>by approximately sixty thousand soldiers from the International Eye Formation,

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<v Speaker 1>which will ensure the implementation of the Dayton Agreement at

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<v Speaker 1>the military level. On the political administrative level, a High

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<v Speaker 1>Commissioner for Civil Affairs is established with its own police

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<v Speaker 1>force and broad powers. The agreement is a complex mix

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<v Speaker 1>of high moralism and political realism, with a touch of

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<v Speaker 1>opportunism in sanctioning the situation created by the war on

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<v Speaker 1>the ground, and an awkward silence on ethnic cleansing and

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<v Speaker 1>the role of the International Criminal Tribunal. But above all,

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<v Speaker 1>Dayton reaffirms the supremacy of the United States at the

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<v Speaker 1>global level, with Europe and Russia having to play cats

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<v Speaker 1>up after years of failing to find a solution to

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<v Speaker 1>the wars in the former Yugoslavia.