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Speaker 1: If you want to get the show early and ad free,

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head on over to the Peak Kinyonas show dot com.

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There you can choose from where you wish to support me.

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Now listen very carefully. I've had some people ask me

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about this, even though I think on the last ad

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I stated it pretty clearly. If you want an RSS feed,

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if you do that, you will get access to the

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audio file. So head on over to the pekan Yonashow

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dot com. You'll see all the ways that you can

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support me there. And I just want to thank everyone.

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It's because of you that I can put out the

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amount of material that I do. I can do what

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I'm doing with doctor Johnson on two hundred Years Together

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and everything else, the things that Thomas and I are

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doing together on candinal philosophy, it's all because of you.

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And yeah, I mean, I'll never be able to thank

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you enough. So thank you. The pekan Yonashow dot com.

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Everything's there. Want to welcome everyone back to the Peking

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Yona Show. Carl Dalla is back with a new subject,

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no Spanish Civil War this time. We're not going to

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the Orient. We're going to actually a country I lived

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in for a little while. How you doing, Carl, doing great, Pete,

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glad to be here. I mean, I know that this

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is going to be a lot of information, So just

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run with it, man, and I'll jump.

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Speaker 2: In you got it.

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Speaker 3: I have one slight correction is that there is a

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Spanish Civil War tie in in this story, but of

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course all the way to the very end. Yeah, you

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sort of have to. Thomas and I recorded with Adam

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from it of the twentieth century. The other day they're

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doing the review of the World at War series from BBC,

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I think of the seventies, and they didn't. I think

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they've glossed over the Spanish Civil War, and we covered it.

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I went on and we covered some of it. And

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of course Thomas did the tie in with the Romain

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with two Romanian gentlemen in the Spanish Civil War. So

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absolutely right on. All right, well I'll dive right into

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it then. So the subject of this episode is the

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Legion of the Archangel Michael aka the Iron Guard organization

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out of Romania in the interwar period, and I think Pete.

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I'll start with my usual preface that this is not

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a FED post, but I will say that there are

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many concepts within Caldriano's kind of conceptual framework and organizational

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structure that are I think very important. I also think

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that the Legion or the Iron Guard, whatever terminology you

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want to use, became something different after Caudriano died. It

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was different versus the what was taking place, frankly through

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the sheer force of his personality. So let's dive into it.

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So I have a little agenda here. I'm going to

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start out with my sources. I'll provide a history in

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brief of Romania, plus the topic of Romania and anti Semitism,

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because it's really important to understand what we're talking about here.

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We'll talk about the Captain Cornelio Zelea Kadrianu and kind

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of an overview of him and some of his life experience.

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We'll then talk about the political scene in Romania in

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and around this topic. In fact, that's like a consistent

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theme throughout everything. One of the key folks in that

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is Accuza, who represents kind of a the more like

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the establishment conservative angle, although he was an early ally

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of Kadrianu.

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Speaker 1: Go find some of A. C. Kuza's more famous writings.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, definitely, that's That's something that we'll hit on here

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is when there's a work, we're going to definitely recommend

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that you read it. I will also point out though,

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to that, to that end, there's a great deal of

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material that is not easy to get from Romania, but

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a lot of it is still seemingly available in Romanian.

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In Romania, whether it's online or not, this is not

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this is not something that they're shy about. In fact,

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there's a pretty notable remaining legacy in Romania. And then

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we'll kind of close out with the timeline of the

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Iron Guard slash Legion of Archangel Michael until the very

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bitter end.

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Speaker 2: So let's get going.

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Speaker 3: My sources. One of the primaries is for My Legionaries,

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which is a fantastic book by the Captain himself, Cornelia

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Zelea Kadrianu. I highly recommend that everyone read it. It's

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available online. I would say that the translation is pretty

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good in every version I've seen, I haven't read.

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Speaker 2: I've only read.

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Speaker 3: Two or three versions that are my suspicion is that

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they're just repackagings of the same translation. But there are

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some others that may be slightly better, And there's some things.

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I mention that because there's some artifacts that stand out

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to me as being like these very minor inaccuracies, but

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would be an easy, an easy mistake to make from

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kind of translations of that era.

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Speaker 2: One of them being.

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Speaker 3: Obviously referring to an automatic pistol and using the term revolver.

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That's an incredibly common error in the interwar period for

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some reason, in the translations into English. The next is

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the organizational documentation that we still have, which is the

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Nest Leader's Manual, which refers to a kind of a

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leadership position within the Iron Guard or the Legionists, the

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archangel Michael, and then also referring to a great article

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by Stanley Paine. Of course, the great Stanley Paine, the

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expert on the stuff, who you should go to if

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there's any material on a topic, and Stanley Paine weighs

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in on it, you need to read Professor Payne's works.

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So I'm referring to his material on the Iron Guard

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in the Romanian political scene. From a history of fascism

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nineteen fourteen to nineteen forty.

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Speaker 1: Five, not to try to call Professor Paine out or

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get him in trouble. But would you say he is

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sympathetic or is he just honest?

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Speaker 2: He's neutral, He's honest. Okay, I mean.

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Speaker 3: You'll see in this article like he does a little

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bit of the stuff that tells you he's not being

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sympathetic or how would I put it. He's sympathetic to humanity,

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and he believes in the truth, and he's just transparent,

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utterly transparent, and he speaks from a position of reality

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and knowledge and detachment, so he doesn't he's not performative

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in his denouncements or anything like that. So very very helpful,

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very important. And then finally Julius evil apiece, The Tragedy

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of the Romanian Iron Guard KADRIANU highly recommend that you read.

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This is available online.

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Speaker 1: Also, I've meant to read that on the show and

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I just haven't had a chance too.

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Speaker 3: And it's a perfect way to describe it because I

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see it as a tragedy in many ways. Also, so

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we'll get into that again. I just want to advertise

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for my legionaries. It details his activism, his philosophy, his motivation,

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and his goals. It's interspersed with a lot of Romanian

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history statistical support for what he's talking about, and I

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believe it is the most inspiring and actionable interwar memoir

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that's out there. I don't have the copy with this

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lovely cover here with the Kerry Bolton introduction. My suspicion

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is that it is based on what I've read online

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as seems to corroborate my suspicion that it is a

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slightly better translation than the old one, and just it's

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a comfy book that you can sit and read in

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your chair, so I would I feel comfortable recommending it.

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So Kadriani was very famous for this first quote that

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we have here, and I just want to read a

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couple of these inspirational quotes because it tells you how

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serious this guy was and how realistic he was, as

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well as his mindset, which I think in many ways,

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not always, but in many ways does translate to things

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that we should keep in mind in our own lives,

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based on where we're at. So the first and fiercest

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punishment ought to fall on the trader, second on the enemy.

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If I had but one bullet, and I were faced

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by both an enemy and a trader, I would let

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the trader have it. And this is a position that

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he comes to. This is a quote from former legionaries

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because of the issues that they have with traders of

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all kinds.

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Speaker 2: And it's.

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Speaker 3: Very it's very important to understand that you have, in

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Quadrianu's framing, you have traders, you have adversaries, and you

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have enemies, and the adversary is treating you as their enemy,

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but you're not really enemies. It's something that will constantly

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come up conservatives. Second, we have first seized the front

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line of trenches, then the second and the third, and

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our adversary, shut up in his retreat, in the safety

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which it offers, is now firing at us, not knowing

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that we would like nothing better than to come to

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his aid against the real enemy. And then, finally, I

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see the true destiny of our people as lying not

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in time, but in eternity. Political achievements, culture struggles, and

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national greatness are means, not ends in themselves. The ultimate

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goal is not life but resurrection. He's often referred to

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as a as a mystic, and I believe that's from

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the perspective of materialists who just don't understand because they're bugmen.

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So to understand this story, we need to do a

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little bit of Romanian history, and it's as briefly as

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possible because it figures it looms large in this.

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Speaker 1: Talk.

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Speaker 3: So the first thing I want to say is that

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the Romanian principalities of Boilahia and Moldavia were founded in

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the fourteenth century. There's a lot of debate over whether

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an ancient like Dossian or Daco Roman population survived in

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the kind of intervening fort, you know, twelve eleven centuries

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from when this was Roman territory or not because of

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all the migrations that took place, there's a huge amount

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of debate there or did some later migrate and then

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because this is a dark age period where there's just

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very little remaining evidence other than legends, right, and legends

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can be created in retrospect. So Romanians often claimed descent

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from Romanized then Christianized. I think Dacians is the term

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Thracians or the Guieta. Romania was squeezed between the Ottoman, Austria,

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Hungarian and Russian empires, and so there's and as this

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kind of distinct population with a distinct language.

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Speaker 2: Of course, it's.

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Speaker 3: Extremely important to dig in and focus on what your

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heritage is, but this is one of those things we

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literally just don't know. But Romanian patriots will certainly make

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reference to their ancient claim to the land, which is

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fine by me. Under the Ottoman Empire, these principalities became

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unified and recognized as Romanian unified principalities, not semi autonomous,

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but more like responsible for their own government as the

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Ottoman Empire was like deteriorating in eighteen sixty two, and

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then formally became the Kingdom of Romania those principalities in

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eighteen eighty one. The Old Kingdom, which was within that

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small footprint, survived until nineteen fourteen and then expanded in

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nineteen beginning in nineteen fourteen through frankly nineteen forty seven

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before it became totally reorganized under the Soviets. So in brief,

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it's really important to understand the context. Right before the

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Inner War period, So the Kingdom of Romania entered the

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Second Balkan War, which, if you remember your World War

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One history, predated World War One proper. They were fighting

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against the Zardam of Bulgaria, and part of it was

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to try to claim some territory that they they felt

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was was theirs, and a lot of it. There was

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a substantial Romanian population in Bulgaria, in these little corners

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of Bulgaria. So in nineteen sixteen, as this war is ongoing,

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Romania enters on the Entente side. So like France Russia,

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Romanian forces did not farewell militarily, but by the end

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of the war the Austrian and Russian empires were gone,

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so everything's getting carved up. We know that there were

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major changes in borders after World War One, just as

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these treaties were being laid out. So Transylvania, Bessarabian Bukhovna

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voted on union with Romania because they had pluralities, if

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not full majorities, of ethnic Romanians within their territory. So

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this was formalized, along with some other territorial gains, in

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nineteen nineteen by the Tree of Saint Germain and in

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nineteen twenty by the Treaty of Trianon, and then as

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in neighboring countries, the earliest twentieth century saw leftist terrorism

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and uprisings, including in Romania. The Soviet backed Tartarbunery uprising

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in the nineteen twenties. So there's this massive pressure of

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these changes in the borders and you know, war and

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combat and movements of peoples. So a little bit of

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context about the Romanian political scene at the time, because

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this is really important, but we're not going to beat

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it to death. So executive power resided in the king

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and he delegated his power to the Council of Ministers,

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who he appointed to basically run things for him. The

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legislative power was entrusted to both parliament and the king,

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so that the king could, depending on his level of

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power at a given time, could come in and shut

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things down. So there was a bike cameral parliament. There

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was a Senate which was elected by electoral bodies, so

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basically elites being selected, and then the Assembly of Deputies

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was elected by the populace. There was really limited suffrage, however,

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before a nineteen twenty three Constitution of the Union which

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granted universal male suffrage and most importantly regardless of religion

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or origin.

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Speaker 1: Oh, that's going to come to bite them in the end.

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Speaker 3: It absolutely does. So as all these different peoples are

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being settled and they're figuring out who's in their territory.

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And again, you can't really go back and be like, wait,

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were you here before nineteen fourteen or nineteen eighteen or

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nineteen nineteen or nineteen twenty. There's not really a way

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to do that. It's literally everyone has it and you're

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here and you're a citizen.

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Speaker 2: Not the most wonderful idea. What is going on? Okay?

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Speaker 3: So, so previously, before the interwar period, I should say,

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Romania's parliament was two part consistent of two parties. There

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was a conservative and a national Liberal party. So the

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National Liberal hintset that they're nationalists, but they're pretty liberal.

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And I'll point that out because there was a big,

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very strong anti communist movement in Romania, and a lot

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of that was because frankly, in Romania, communism was vast

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majority Jewish, just like right over the border in the

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Russian Empire. So during the Great War, the majority of

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Romania conscripts had been landless peasants that were marginalized by

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what was called census suffrage. So, like I said, there

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was limited suffrage, and it you know, really kind of

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what you're standing in the census and what you owned,

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et cetera, like could dictate how much skin in the

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game that you had. And so there was this huge swell,

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and there had been revolts in nineteen oh seven called

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the Peasants Revolt, and all these uprisings. The government of

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Romania was very unpopular because they were not doing well

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as a country.

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Speaker 2: They had oil wealth, but it.

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Speaker 3: Wasn't going down below the elites. So as this universal

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suffrage is granted, tons of political parties pop up and nationalists,

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populist political movements exploded in popularity, from the Peasants Party

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to the People's Party. And really, this is my summary,

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is that the folk, the key folki that determine their

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alignments within kind of this landscape were positions on Lamb reform,

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whether they were explicitly anti Semitic or not, their position

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on anti communism. And then the relationships with non Romanian ethnics,

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which we'll get it into here in a second.

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Speaker 1: When you say non Romanian ethnics, you're talking about diaspora's

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within Romania.

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Speaker 3: Whether they're Diaspera or the the settlers like German settlers

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or the Hungarians in Transylvania.

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Speaker 2: So I'll dive into that in.

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Speaker 3: More detail here very shortly. So to understand Romanian anti Semitism,

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you have to see two hundred years together. And I

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say that because Pete has a wonderful series that he's

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doing with doctor Johnson on this.

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Speaker 2: And it's the same stuff.

290
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Speaker 3: It's exactly the same, it's exactly the same stories. So

291
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that was not something that the Romanians believed, but it's

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it's the same story, and we'll dive right into it.

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So it's if you read like conventional histories of it,

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like if you go to the Wikipedia talking about this,

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it's all libtards and like Yadvashem articles. Okay, So, but

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the truth is is that this anti Semitism was not

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xenophobia or chauvinism. So this territory, which had been under

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the Turks, the Austro Hungarian Empire, the Russian Empire, et cetera,

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had long been multi ethnic and there were distinct legal

300
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codes and some autonomous government for.

301
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Speaker 2: These individual groups.

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Speaker 3: So the Jews had a very small population, very small

303
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population that was allowed. There were expulsions in Romanian history.

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The Jewish communities governed themselves under the Kahal, which we'll

305
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look at here in a second. And some stuff that

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Kadrianu talks about regarding the Kahal, which also is a

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reference back to two hundred years together. So an example

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of this is that German settlers were brought in over

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hundreds of years to kind of fortify those border lands

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against the Ottomans and slash or develop these lands in

311
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Transylvania regat Budjak and along the Danube River basin. So

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there were very important, respected German populations all over the place.

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Their position changes little bit given the kind of geostrategic

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things going down in the twentieth century, the rise of Germany.

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But at the same time, these are people who are

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recognized as being like Christians and honest they have their

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own interests that aren't necessarily other people's. But like literally

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00:24:25,240 --> 00:24:32,799
Kudrian who never wants Slanders, Germans or Hungarians. He talks

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00:24:32,839 --> 00:24:35,839
about some of the political challenges that they're having over

320
00:24:35,880 --> 00:24:41,839
ownership of these territories in domination. But that's different. So

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00:24:41,920 --> 00:24:45,960
when you read these Wikipedia articles, they say, oh, well

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you know a lot of this.

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Speaker 2: You know Romanian nationalism, which is just chauvinism.

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Speaker 3: From all these people that were coming in and they

325
00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:56,480
were just different and they didn't know how to deal

326
00:24:56,519 --> 00:25:00,720
with it. That's nonsense. Here's the other thing. Fish population

327
00:25:00,759 --> 00:25:06,839
in Romania exploded in the nineteenth century. So after the

328
00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:12,720
eighteen twenty nine Treaty of Adrianople, which was basically wrapped

329
00:25:12,799 --> 00:25:20,039
up the Ottoman Russian Wars, there were all these of course,

330
00:25:20,079 --> 00:25:27,000
there were all these trade and travel rules that were imposed,

331
00:25:28,119 --> 00:25:32,519
which were too you know, it's that whole libertarian concept

332
00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:37,079
that if goods don't cross borders, you know, tanks will.

333
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So that was the theory, which meant that there was

334
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a flood of Jews from the Russian Empire and probably

335
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other parts of the Ottoman Empire into Romania, which was

336
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this crossroads and thus very important for trade. So by then,

337
00:26:00,920 --> 00:26:03,599
by the year nineteen hundred, they go from like an

338
00:26:03,640 --> 00:26:07,319
almost non existent population that are you know, in their

339
00:26:08,119 --> 00:26:13,200
stuttles and you know, having these you know, they're important

340
00:26:13,240 --> 00:26:16,160
with commerce and lending money and stuff, but they're not

341
00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:20,519
that powerful to just utterly dominating the economy, the press,

342
00:26:21,240 --> 00:26:26,480
the schools, and the political parties. And then at the

343
00:26:26,480 --> 00:26:30,039
conclusion of World War One, as all these borders are

344
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being redrawn, the Jewish population basically doubles in Romanian territory,

345
00:26:36,920 --> 00:26:41,839
mostly up in kind of the northeastern part of the

346
00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:50,240
country that which is hard against Ukraine, which is bananas.

347
00:26:53,160 --> 00:26:57,119
Speaker 2: So here's a.

348
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Speaker 3: Table, because we're going to get into a educational militancy,

349
00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:10,559
or at least this massive uprising of nationalistic agitation in

350
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the school system, in the university system, and percentiles would

351
00:27:15,279 --> 00:27:17,880
have been handy here. But the long and the short

352
00:27:17,920 --> 00:27:20,759
of it is, in a lot of the key universities,

353
00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:25,960
the Romanians came back from war and found that they

354
00:27:25,960 --> 00:27:34,160
were totally outnumbered in many of the schools in university,

355
00:27:34,359 --> 00:27:37,680
the School of Pharmacy.

356
00:27:36,319 --> 00:27:38,240
Speaker 1: This is nineteen oh five. This is the ruse of

357
00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:39,079
the Japanese War.

358
00:27:39,319 --> 00:27:43,759
Speaker 3: One hundred percent man, one hundred percent. I'm so they're

359
00:27:43,799 --> 00:27:49,559
totally outnumbered. And then because of that, these schools are

360
00:27:49,599 --> 00:27:57,960
basically being run by non Christians and you're studying law,

361
00:27:58,160 --> 00:28:03,920
and law is like about morality. It's not about, you know,

362
00:28:04,240 --> 00:28:07,079
charts and graphs, and here are these people telling you

363
00:28:07,119 --> 00:28:09,640
that it's about charts and graphs. So you can see

364
00:28:09,640 --> 00:28:13,720
that in the University of Yasi there was a huge

365
00:28:13,839 --> 00:28:18,160
Romanian student body in the School of Law, for example,

366
00:28:19,920 --> 00:28:24,160
but they weren't used to this situation where these huge

367
00:28:24,200 --> 00:28:28,079
populations are They're like totally outnumbered in the school of Medicine.

368
00:28:29,039 --> 00:28:29,599
Speaker 2: Et cetera.

369
00:28:30,119 --> 00:28:31,759
Speaker 3: If you look up at the very top and you

370
00:28:31,799 --> 00:28:38,440
see what the actual attendance in these other schools is,

371
00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:43,119
is that, like in the rural areas, there's almost no Jews.

372
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And that's frankly because of policy that they were excluded

373
00:28:47,599 --> 00:28:50,400
from being able to live in the countryside as much

374
00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:53,000
as possible for the same reasons. You know, there were

375
00:28:53,079 --> 00:28:57,119
such edicts made in the Russian Empire. And then when

376
00:28:57,119 --> 00:29:00,640
you look at the urban schools again like on you'd

377
00:29:00,640 --> 00:29:05,559
think that they wouldn't. It just doesn't translate to these

378
00:29:05,720 --> 00:29:11,319
tiny percentiles but dominating these universities. Let's look at a

379
00:29:11,319 --> 00:29:21,000
more general population breakout from a nineteen thirty survey, and

380
00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:23,680
this is where they find out what the real numbers are.

381
00:29:23,799 --> 00:29:29,400
So in the twenties, Kadrianu had stated that he believed

382
00:29:29,880 --> 00:29:34,400
that the Jewish population was being reported as one half

383
00:29:34,440 --> 00:29:38,079
of what it was because the numbers were based on

384
00:29:38,559 --> 00:29:42,079
pre World War One projections, and they found that they

385
00:29:42,079 --> 00:29:48,759
were right. So in Bukovina it was thirty percent Jewish,

386
00:29:48,759 --> 00:29:53,359
Bessarabia twenty six point eight percent, Moldavia twenty three point

387
00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:57,160
one percent. I mean and it goes all over and

388
00:29:57,240 --> 00:30:08,839
so the again the cities were very very much dominated

389
00:30:08,920 --> 00:30:12,640
by Jews. Again, as these people come back from World

390
00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:16,880
War One and the lines are being redrawn, and so

391
00:30:17,480 --> 00:30:20,960
that's going to leave people miffed. It's not like these

392
00:30:20,960 --> 00:30:23,839
are people that they've been living with for hundreds of years.

393
00:30:24,519 --> 00:30:28,799
It's this massive surge of this population that came from

394
00:30:28,880 --> 00:30:35,359
just across the border. Frankly and so, and also it's blockade.

395
00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:40,240
When you read blockade, there's this mysterious thing where the

396
00:30:40,319 --> 00:30:46,519
Soviets are sending these populations to raid on the borders. Kadriana,

397
00:30:46,519 --> 00:30:49,000
who talks about the same thing taking place, whether it's

398
00:30:49,079 --> 00:30:54,119
raiding or whether it's just repopulating people, just this constant

399
00:30:54,119 --> 00:30:57,559
flow of people from these from these Soviet areas and

400
00:30:57,640 --> 00:31:02,680
spreading a communist message which to their that the Romanian

401
00:31:02,720 --> 00:31:10,920
government was suppressing quite quite thoroughly. So Kaudrianu asserts. And

402
00:31:11,079 --> 00:31:15,519
again the way that for my legionaries is written, he

403
00:31:15,559 --> 00:31:20,400
does a weave, he does a very a Trumpian weave,

404
00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:23,400
and that he will be talking about this is what's

405
00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:25,880
going on right now, and then he'll step back and

406
00:31:25,920 --> 00:31:29,240
he'll write about history and provide a bunch of statistics,

407
00:31:29,640 --> 00:31:33,359
and then he'll provide some philosophical stuff, you know, his

408
00:31:33,480 --> 00:31:37,000
positions on certain things. And so as he's telling this

409
00:31:37,119 --> 00:31:41,400
story about like what they're seeing in these university cities

410
00:31:41,440 --> 00:31:44,599
and what the struggles that are taking place, you know,

411
00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:47,799
he intersperses, Hey, there are these people that are saying, well,

412
00:31:47,839 --> 00:31:51,319
just retreat to the rural areas. You know, this is

413
00:31:51,799 --> 00:31:54,200
a common refrain in the United States, you know, just

414
00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:56,599
give up these things. Give up the universities, give up

415
00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:59,720
the towns, give up the cities. And Kudrianu points out

416
00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:02,519
the and cities are the economic centers of a nation,

417
00:32:03,799 --> 00:32:08,839
and a population reproduces and develops within its means, you know,

418
00:32:08,960 --> 00:32:12,480
based on how the economy is treating them. Towns are

419
00:32:12,480 --> 00:32:15,119
also the cultural centers of the nation, as they contain

420
00:32:15,200 --> 00:32:19,759
the schools, libraries, theaters, lecture halls. So that's where culture

421
00:32:19,839 --> 00:32:23,519
is expressed and how it is spread. And then finally,

422
00:32:23,680 --> 00:32:27,119
the towns are the political centers of a nation. Nations

423
00:32:27,160 --> 00:32:30,079
follow the lead of the towns. Whoever controls the towns

424
00:32:30,119 --> 00:32:34,920
directly or indirectly has the political leadership of the country.

425
00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:37,599
So he says, you can't hand these places over to

426
00:32:37,640 --> 00:32:40,200
your enemies or they will take your country over.

427
00:32:41,400 --> 00:32:42,160
Speaker 2: I think he's right.

428
00:32:44,640 --> 00:32:47,880
Speaker 3: You know, maybe the right place for certain people is

429
00:32:47,920 --> 00:32:52,599
in a small town. But if you give up these

430
00:32:53,359 --> 00:32:55,960
centers of power.

431
00:32:56,720 --> 00:32:59,000
Speaker 2: You're literally just handing them over to your enemy.

432
00:33:00,119 --> 00:33:03,000
Speaker 1: It's it's also kind of hard when you're when your

433
00:33:03,119 --> 00:33:06,319
enemy already has complete control of it. You know, then

434
00:33:06,480 --> 00:33:10,000
I'd really like to give me the explanation how you

435
00:33:10,039 --> 00:33:10,559
get it back.

436
00:33:11,480 --> 00:33:17,000
Speaker 3: Oh yeah, absolutely, no, I agree. Kadrianu's position is that

437
00:33:17,039 --> 00:33:20,400
you fight by all means, legal or otherwise.

438
00:33:22,319 --> 00:33:24,279
Speaker 1: And they're luck in the United States.

439
00:33:24,400 --> 00:33:27,960
Speaker 3: Yeah, oh yeah, yeah, yeah, I think I think it's

440
00:33:27,960 --> 00:33:31,599
pretty it's pretty fair to say that, Like he's he's

441
00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:37,519
correct in the meta, but tactically all considerations are are different.

442
00:33:38,519 --> 00:33:43,359
Speaker 1: Absolutely, he's correct when it comes to I mean, he's

443
00:33:43,759 --> 00:33:46,799
you know, it's like the Libertarians, sure they can diagnose

444
00:33:46,799 --> 00:33:48,000
a problem solve it.

445
00:33:49,519 --> 00:33:50,359
Speaker 2: Yeah, exactly.

446
00:33:50,799 --> 00:33:55,640
Speaker 3: Well, I think what Kadrianu also, his position would be that,

447
00:33:56,279 --> 00:33:59,160
you know, stick to the places where the Romanians are

448
00:33:59,240 --> 00:34:03,640
the majority, and if the Romanians are an extreme minority, like,

449
00:34:03,839 --> 00:34:06,680
don't worry about it. So we'll look at that here

450
00:34:06,680 --> 00:34:11,559
in a second. So the kahl and I just wanted

451
00:34:11,599 --> 00:34:14,920
to point this out because this is something that you know,

452
00:34:15,039 --> 00:34:17,719
you read in two hundred years together a great deal

453
00:34:17,719 --> 00:34:20,840
of talk about the ka hall, which supposedly had basically

454
00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:24,719
gone away at some point in the eighteenth or nineteenth century.

455
00:34:25,760 --> 00:34:33,440
But Kaudrianio asserts that this exact same system is taking place.

456
00:34:34,320 --> 00:34:38,679
It exists in Romania, and he says in every city

457
00:34:38,760 --> 00:34:41,199
or market town where a number of Jews settle the kahl,

458
00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:45,800
the Jewish community there its leadership really is immediately formed.

459
00:34:46,239 --> 00:34:50,440
This kahl has its own leaders, separate judicial setup, taxes,

460
00:34:50,480 --> 00:34:53,440
et cetera, and holds the entire Jewish population of that

461
00:34:53,880 --> 00:34:59,119
locality tightly united around itself. It is here in this

462
00:34:59,199 --> 00:35:02,360
tiny kahl, the market town or city, that all plans

463
00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:05,679
are made. How to win over local politicians and authorities,

464
00:35:05,760 --> 00:35:08,800
How to infiltrate certain circles of interest to them, such

465
00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:12,800
as magistrates, officers, high officials. What plans to use to

466
00:35:12,880 --> 00:35:15,760
take over such and such branch of commerce from the

467
00:35:15,800 --> 00:35:19,519
hands of a Romanian. How to destroy a local anti Semite,

468
00:35:19,880 --> 00:35:23,599
How to destroy an incorruptible representative of local authority who

469
00:35:23,639 --> 00:35:29,079
might oppose Jewish interests. What plans to apply when squeezed

470
00:35:29,079 --> 00:35:32,840
beyond endurance, the population would revolt and erupt into anti

471
00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:38,400
Semitic movements. So this is from his section the Plans

472
00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:42,440
of Judaism against the Romanian Nation, which he had written

473
00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:47,079
based on frankly court records. We'll get into it here

474
00:35:47,079 --> 00:35:51,079
in a second, but he was a lawyer, so he

475
00:35:51,119 --> 00:35:51,679
goes into.

476
00:35:51,559 --> 00:35:54,519
Speaker 2: Great detail here. We'll be here all day. If I

477
00:35:54,679 --> 00:35:58,559
read all his thoughts, you really should just read for

478
00:35:58,719 --> 00:36:00,280
my legionaries.

479
00:36:01,400 --> 00:36:04,239
Speaker 3: I'm just going to provide a provisional ethnic map before

480
00:36:04,320 --> 00:36:06,960
we dive into the characters to kind of wrap up

481
00:36:06,960 --> 00:36:11,159
this history and context section here. I found this online.

482
00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:17,800
It's a fantastic map from that nineteen thirty census that

483
00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:24,480
was taken that was done that identifies like ethnicity by province,

484
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:33,840
and it really shows how Romania acquired a lot of

485
00:36:33,880 --> 00:36:38,760
these territories that it found itself with after World War

486
00:36:38,840 --> 00:36:42,559
One or partly into World War one, and some of

487
00:36:42,599 --> 00:36:44,639
them are kind of in question. You'll notice this big

488
00:36:44,639 --> 00:36:49,000
green spot in the middle. This is basically Transylvania, and

489
00:36:49,079 --> 00:36:51,599
there was a huge Hungarian settlement and you'll see the

490
00:36:51,719 --> 00:36:56,079
Hungarians are all up here in the direction of Hungary.

491
00:36:56,320 --> 00:37:00,880
From the Austria, Hungarian Empire and the Hungary were settled

492
00:37:00,880 --> 00:37:04,400
in Transylvania again as a as a blockade against the

493
00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:07,199
Ottomans in a lot of ways, or I should say

494
00:37:07,199 --> 00:37:10,360
they were reinforced because Hungarians had been there for a

495
00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:14,519
very long time. But they're also huge Romanian populations to

496
00:37:14,599 --> 00:37:18,159
the west surrounding them, so it's a sticky it's a

497
00:37:18,159 --> 00:37:22,039
sticky situation. You'll also notice up here in the borderland

498
00:37:22,079 --> 00:37:24,400
with Ukraine.

499
00:37:24,800 --> 00:37:26,320
Speaker 2: You know, there's.

500
00:37:26,119 --> 00:37:30,719
Speaker 3: A substantial Ukrainian population.

501
00:37:32,159 --> 00:37:35,159
Speaker 1: There are Germans, that's where I crossed over when I

502
00:37:35,239 --> 00:37:35,440
was there.

503
00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:42,239
Speaker 2: Oh, okay, gotcha. And there's some Poles up here.

504
00:37:43,599 --> 00:37:48,480
Speaker 3: You know, there's even some Czecho Croat Slovaks and Serbs

505
00:37:48,519 --> 00:37:53,960
and Croats and Gypsies and Tatars over here, and you know,

506
00:37:54,239 --> 00:37:57,280
Russians and Bulgarians. So it's a big mess. So even

507
00:37:57,320 --> 00:38:04,119
if you have a substantial Romanian population, you know, you're

508
00:38:04,159 --> 00:38:09,119
dealing with a lot of kind of struggle for the

509
00:38:10,079 --> 00:38:15,679
you know, the population and political power. So twenty eight

510
00:38:15,719 --> 00:38:19,559
point one percent as of nineteen twenty, twenty eight point

511
00:38:19,559 --> 00:38:23,440
one percent of the population was non Romanian. Of those,

512
00:38:24,360 --> 00:38:29,320
so seven point nine percent of the population total total

513
00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:33,840
were Hungarian Magyars one point four million, and then next

514
00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:38,199
is Germans with almost half the population of the Magyars

515
00:38:38,239 --> 00:38:41,400
at four point one percent. Jews were a full four

516
00:38:41,519 --> 00:38:49,000
percent of the population minimum in nineteen twenty, growing to

517
00:38:49,119 --> 00:38:53,800
over two million by nineteen thirty, and then it filters

518
00:38:53,840 --> 00:38:59,199
down smaller, smaller portions after that. So very important context

519
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:03,679
because now it's time for us to talk about Cornelio

520
00:39:03,800 --> 00:39:10,239
Zelea Quadrianu and the Iron Garden, the political movement in machinations.

521
00:39:10,320 --> 00:39:17,159
So he was born in Hussi, Western Moldavia, Romania, to

522
00:39:18,679 --> 00:39:24,840
nationalist politician Jon Zeleya Kadrianu. The interesting thing is Zeleya

523
00:39:26,159 --> 00:39:35,440
had been Zelenski. His father was a romanianized Slav some

524
00:39:35,519 --> 00:39:41,559
would say Ukrainian or his family was from that background

525
00:39:41,719 --> 00:39:49,000
with some mixing. His mother was from those subtler German populations,

526
00:39:49,960 --> 00:39:56,639
so kind of a hybridized Romanian, but a true believer. Nonetheless,

527
00:39:57,440 --> 00:40:01,880
he spent five years at the Diall Military High School,

528
00:40:02,199 --> 00:40:05,519
which is within the Dialu Monastery, which is a very

529
00:40:05,559 --> 00:40:08,039
interesting place. It's the resting place of the head of

530
00:40:08,079 --> 00:40:12,079
Michael the Brave, who is a sixteenth century Romanian hero.

531
00:40:14,079 --> 00:40:21,119
So his teen years were religion, nationalism, and martyrdom like

532
00:40:21,199 --> 00:40:29,480
those were the things being pumped into them. The tail

533
00:40:29,639 --> 00:40:33,639
end of that period is when World War One is happening.

534
00:40:33,719 --> 00:40:37,599
He tries to join his father, who goes off to

535
00:40:37,719 --> 00:40:45,280
war in nineteen eighteen, and tags along as a volunteer

536
00:40:45,320 --> 00:40:50,440
and basically has to participate in like one operation or

537
00:40:50,480 --> 00:40:53,719
like a with kind of a holding and withdrawal type

538
00:40:53,760 --> 00:40:59,280
of situation. And so when that crisis ends, he's sent

539
00:40:59,440 --> 00:41:04,280
off for formal military training. He spends over a year

540
00:41:05,880 --> 00:41:10,719
there and then the war ends, so he leaves from

541
00:41:11,199 --> 00:41:15,559
the military academy frankly because he was on track to

542
00:41:15,639 --> 00:41:18,079
be an officer because again because of his background at

543
00:41:18,119 --> 00:41:20,960
the military high school, as was the style.

544
00:41:20,679 --> 00:41:21,239
Speaker 2: At the time.

545
00:41:22,599 --> 00:41:27,000
Speaker 3: So he sent to Yasi University in nineteen nineteen and

546
00:41:27,079 --> 00:41:32,519
immediately becomes active in nationalist politics. Yasi University had been

547
00:41:32,559 --> 00:41:37,239
the hub of Romanian nationalist politics at the time. When

548
00:41:37,320 --> 00:41:42,840
Kadrianu gets there, he's incredibly disappointed in how leftist it

549
00:41:42,920 --> 00:41:47,920
had become, except for a core of hardcore right wing

550
00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:54,920
nationalist professors. So while he's in Yasi, he participated in

551
00:41:54,960 --> 00:41:59,639
street protests and anti communist action and so on with

552
00:41:59,719 --> 00:42:03,920
a organization called the Guard of the National Conscience, which

553
00:42:04,039 --> 00:42:09,119
was a quote national Christian socialist street organization led by

554
00:42:09,239 --> 00:42:12,480
a famous union leader, Constantine Punku, who was a very

555
00:42:12,480 --> 00:42:17,159
tough guy. He had been one like strongman competitions and

556
00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:23,880
circus boxing matches where they would take on all comers

557
00:42:23,920 --> 00:42:27,000
and stuff, pretty wild stories.

558
00:42:27,719 --> 00:42:30,880
Speaker 2: So there's great stories about the fights that.

559
00:42:30,800 --> 00:42:34,519
Speaker 3: They get into around that, and then he goes on

560
00:42:34,880 --> 00:42:39,039
to found the Christian Students Association in nineteen twenty two

561
00:42:39,079 --> 00:42:43,000
to combat what he described as non Christian academic trends.

562
00:42:44,239 --> 00:42:45,039
Speaker 2: In doing that.

563
00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:49,760
Speaker 3: Through due process agitating within the structure of the universities. Well,

564
00:42:49,800 --> 00:42:53,679
because of all this, he ends up being expelled by

565
00:42:53,719 --> 00:42:59,320
the University Senate. His Quadrianu's position is that this is

566
00:42:59,400 --> 00:43:03,559
because they're corrupt, and frankly that seems to be the case.

567
00:43:04,800 --> 00:43:08,559
But he gets massive support, and while all this is

568
00:43:08,599 --> 00:43:13,079
going on, there's massive support from Romanians all over the

569
00:43:13,119 --> 00:43:15,960
country as well as in the city coming out to

570
00:43:16,039 --> 00:43:22,079
support them with these struggles against the university. So the

571
00:43:22,079 --> 00:43:25,800
faculty of law, because he was going to law school,

572
00:43:26,639 --> 00:43:31,719
refused to recognize the expulsion dictated by the University Senate.

573
00:43:31,760 --> 00:43:35,199
He continues his studies and he's issued a degree by

574
00:43:35,199 --> 00:43:38,320
the law school, although the university would not give him

575
00:43:38,320 --> 00:43:45,360
a formal diploma. So who is one of the fellows

576
00:43:45,480 --> 00:43:47,440
backing him in.

577
00:43:47,480 --> 00:43:48,760
Speaker 2: The law school?

578
00:43:49,159 --> 00:43:55,039
Speaker 3: A Zikuza who is described as the father of expressly

579
00:43:55,199 --> 00:44:00,280
anti Semitic Romanian nationalism because of his own writings, as

580
00:44:00,400 --> 00:44:05,880
you mentioned, Pete, very interesting stuff, very firebrand type material.

581
00:44:06,679 --> 00:44:09,480
He was a longtime professor at the University of Yasi.

582
00:44:10,079 --> 00:44:13,320
He launched the National Christian Union in nineteen twenty two,

583
00:44:13,840 --> 00:44:17,079
which morphed into the National Christian Defense League in nineteen

584
00:44:17,079 --> 00:44:20,559
twenty three, which Kadrianu joined.

585
00:44:21,480 --> 00:44:22,519
Speaker 2: He was a big.

586
00:44:22,280 --> 00:44:30,039
Speaker 3: Wheel in nationalist politics because of his writing and so on.

587
00:44:31,159 --> 00:44:35,360
He called for, and this is really key, a gradual

588
00:44:35,440 --> 00:44:39,320
withdrawal of rights for Jews followed by an expulsion. He

589
00:44:39,440 --> 00:44:44,119
was doing the lawfully legal political angle. He was an

590
00:44:44,159 --> 00:44:50,639
old friend of Corneliu Kadrianu's father Yon. There were old

591
00:44:50,639 --> 00:44:54,679
friends and political allies. Like I pointed out, Yon was

592
00:44:54,840 --> 00:45:02,840
a politician from back in the day. So very interestingly,

593
00:45:03,039 --> 00:45:11,119
there is an incident that takes place in nineteen twenty

594
00:45:11,159 --> 00:45:13,960
three or in nineteen twenty four. We'll look at it

595
00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:21,920
here in detail, where Kadrianu defends himself against an abusive

596
00:45:23,599 --> 00:45:31,440
police chief basically named Monsu, and the press says mister

597
00:45:31,559 --> 00:45:36,480
Kusa aimed in Kadrianu fired, so he's being accused of

598
00:45:37,159 --> 00:45:47,840
supporting these street militants that are attached to his political movement. Ultimately,

599
00:45:49,119 --> 00:45:52,440
he and Kadrianu formally split in nineteen twenty seven, although

600
00:45:52,480 --> 00:45:59,360
it's done amicably and respectfully, and Kadrianu talks about the

601
00:45:59,480 --> 00:46:03,280
issues with Kuza's approach to things and why he doesn't

602
00:46:03,320 --> 00:46:06,559
want to follow them, but he's very respectful about him

603
00:46:07,000 --> 00:46:11,239
and talks about how important he was as a figure

604
00:46:11,760 --> 00:46:17,519
in identifying and communicating the issues actually faced by the country.

605
00:46:18,280 --> 00:46:22,559
Later on, Kuza was appointed a Minister of State in

606
00:46:22,639 --> 00:46:25,800
nineteen thirty seven in his short lived Goga government the

607
00:46:25,880 --> 00:46:30,880
nineteen thirties. The governments are changing constantly because of King

608
00:46:30,920 --> 00:46:33,199
Carol the Second. We'll look at that more later, and

609
00:46:33,199 --> 00:46:35,519
then he ends up in King Carol the Second's Crown

610
00:46:35,599 --> 00:46:40,400
Council nineteen thirty nine nineteen forty. He was a big

611
00:46:40,440 --> 00:46:47,559
fan of the the Windmill of Friendship and used it

612
00:46:47,960 --> 00:46:57,239
in his movement documentation in logos Beginning in nineteen twenty one,

613
00:46:57,719 --> 00:47:08,320
and is very interesting. So Kadrianu says of Kuza in

614
00:47:08,719 --> 00:47:13,280
for my legionaries and recommending his work, he says, all

615
00:47:13,320 --> 00:47:16,599
these are impeccably treated by Professor ac Kuza in his

616
00:47:16,679 --> 00:47:22,239
writings the Peoplehood, Nationality and art articles, parliamentary discourses and

617
00:47:22,280 --> 00:47:25,360
courses in political economy. The ideas that I give below

618
00:47:25,719 --> 00:47:29,639
belong essentially to Professor Kuza's thought. So he's constantly referring

619
00:47:29,639 --> 00:47:33,559
to him as a thought leader that influenced him. So

620
00:47:34,599 --> 00:47:38,800
in nineteen twenty three, Kadrianu and some of the other

621
00:47:38,880 --> 00:47:43,159
militant youth of the National Christian Defense League were placed

622
00:47:43,159 --> 00:47:47,960
in Vaccaresti prison, which is a hell hole from the descriptions.

623
00:47:48,000 --> 00:47:53,440
It's just think of the worst prison conditions you've heard

624
00:47:53,480 --> 00:47:58,760
of in film or books, and that's Vucaresti prison and

625
00:47:58,800 --> 00:48:02,039
how these guys were treated. They were placed there in

626
00:48:02,119 --> 00:48:08,920
nineteen twenty three for conspiracy, but were acquitted because they

627
00:48:08,960 --> 00:48:13,280
did not meet the terms of an actual conspiracy according

628
00:48:13,400 --> 00:48:17,760
to Romanian law. And again here's a couple of lawyers

629
00:48:17,800 --> 00:48:22,159
that you're putting in prison for conspiracy. They had volunteers

630
00:48:22,679 --> 00:48:26,159
to represent them, did a lot of their own speaking

631
00:48:26,199 --> 00:48:32,519
themselves and basically designed. Kadrianu designed his own defense in

632
00:48:32,559 --> 00:48:36,159
many ways and was acquitted. They had more than ten

633
00:48:36,239 --> 00:48:41,719
thousand Romanians outside of the trial and just like a

634
00:48:41,840 --> 00:48:49,800
packed courtroom. And the position that Kadrianu constantly finds himself

635
00:48:49,840 --> 00:48:53,800
in is that he appeals to people's patriotism and says,

636
00:48:53,800 --> 00:48:56,559
everything that we're fighting for is out of faith and

637
00:48:56,639 --> 00:48:59,719
love for our country and the Romanian people. We assume

638
00:48:59,800 --> 00:49:05,639
the obligation to fight to the end, and just doesn't

639
00:49:06,800 --> 00:49:10,079
doesn't want to pretend that he's not, you know, fighting

640
00:49:10,119 --> 00:49:15,239
the power, and is completely honest about it, but will

641
00:49:15,280 --> 00:49:19,519
also not state that he committed any kind of crime.

642
00:49:20,119 --> 00:49:26,440
So huge, huge theme in his work. While in Vacaresti prison,

643
00:49:26,519 --> 00:49:30,960
Kadrianu conceived of what becomes the Legion of the Archangel Michael,

644
00:49:33,119 --> 00:49:37,639
named after an icon of the Archangel Michael that was

645
00:49:37,719 --> 00:49:42,119
in the Vacaresti prison chapel that they would sit at

646
00:49:42,480 --> 00:49:48,840
and you know, while praying and meditating upon the the icon.

647
00:49:50,159 --> 00:49:55,760
So very interestingly, some people are determined to not have

648
00:49:55,840 --> 00:50:03,559
participated in a conspiracy, some somewhat surprisingly, including yon Mota,

649
00:50:03,719 --> 00:50:07,679
who becomes very famous later and they're freed from the

650
00:50:07,920 --> 00:50:12,320
before the trial and then during jury deliberation, yon Mota

651
00:50:12,639 --> 00:50:19,760
goes into the courtroom and assassinates a trader, Vernicescu, who

652
00:50:19,800 --> 00:50:23,920
had been one of their comrades, who ratted them out

653
00:50:24,039 --> 00:50:26,800
to the government and claimed that they were engaged in

654
00:50:26,840 --> 00:50:33,840
a conspiracy. Yon Mota is given a jury trial and

655
00:50:34,079 --> 00:50:42,360
found not guilty or acquitted of charges by a jury

656
00:50:42,400 --> 00:50:45,280
basically because the jury thought he was cool and they

657
00:50:45,280 --> 00:50:47,280
were like, cool, you should do that to people who

658
00:50:47,360 --> 00:50:55,920
do that, which is wild. In nineteen twenty four, while

659
00:50:56,000 --> 00:51:02,880
defending so basically there was a constantine Manchu was a

660
00:51:02,960 --> 00:51:07,280
police prefect, so very powerful in the police in Yasi,

661
00:51:08,920 --> 00:51:11,800
and had been like the key guy who was cracking

662
00:51:11,840 --> 00:51:17,119
down on the nationalist agitators. And they'd been like holding

663
00:51:17,480 --> 00:51:22,000
students and torturing them and just beating them, and anytime

664
00:51:22,039 --> 00:51:25,360
that they tried to get together, they would attack them.

665
00:51:25,639 --> 00:51:32,880
Kadrianu claims that at one point Manshu after beating them

666
00:51:32,960 --> 00:51:38,519
up at a rally, and they basically chained up the

667
00:51:38,559 --> 00:51:44,079
prisoners and paraded them through a Jewish quarter in Yasi where,

668
00:51:44,639 --> 00:51:47,519
you know, to show them that he was doing what

669
00:51:47,559 --> 00:51:51,639
they wanted in his in Kadrianu's terms, where they were

670
00:51:51,639 --> 00:51:54,280
then heaped with abuse and assaulted and stuff like that,

671
00:51:55,039 --> 00:51:57,239
and then would just let them go after a couple

672
00:51:57,280 --> 00:52:04,199
of days. Anyway, KADRIANU was defended another National Christian Defense

673
00:52:04,280 --> 00:52:08,480
League member in court again because he's a lawyer at

674
00:52:08,480 --> 00:52:15,440
this point, and Manchu and a bunch of guys come

675
00:52:16,159 --> 00:52:20,199
and start attacking him while he's smoking a cigarette during

676
00:52:20,239 --> 00:52:20,760
a break.

677
00:52:21,400 --> 00:52:21,639
Speaker 2: You know.

678
00:52:21,719 --> 00:52:26,239
Speaker 3: In the trial, Kadrian who pulls his piece and blasts

679
00:52:26,760 --> 00:52:31,840
and turns himself in immediately just sets his weapon down,

680
00:52:32,239 --> 00:52:38,159
lets himself get arrested. But then he's acquitted and the

681
00:52:38,559 --> 00:52:40,960
position is that it was an action, it was an

682
00:52:40,960 --> 00:52:45,079
act of self defense, and so they could not They

683
00:52:45,119 --> 00:52:51,000
did the whole like what's the term, shopping around for

684
00:52:51,039 --> 00:52:53,840
a jurisdiction where he could be tried where they would

685
00:52:53,840 --> 00:52:58,119
think they would find a favorable jury. And the jury

686
00:52:58,159 --> 00:53:01,000
there is like, nah, he's great. You think he's wonderful.

687
00:53:01,559 --> 00:53:07,440
Some of the jurors in the in that first conspiracy

688
00:53:07,559 --> 00:53:11,880
trial like came in after when they're reading the finding

689
00:53:11,920 --> 00:53:14,719
and they have armbands with swastikas on them and they're

690
00:53:14,800 --> 00:53:22,119
like not guilty. Wild So if you can't tell, like

691
00:53:22,280 --> 00:53:27,400
there's massive upswelling of nationalism in Romania at this time,

692
00:53:27,760 --> 00:53:31,679
which becomes which is a huge challenge for the government frankly,

693
00:53:31,840 --> 00:53:36,679
and the government interprets it as an attack on them,

694
00:53:36,880 --> 00:53:40,320
despite all these entreaties of the nationalists to work with

695
00:53:40,400 --> 00:53:47,800
the government. So anyway, after he's acquitted and some stuff happens,

696
00:53:48,360 --> 00:53:53,480
he's been engaged to Elena, who's there in this. This

697
00:53:53,559 --> 00:53:57,239
is a photo from right after their wedding, and it

698
00:53:57,320 --> 00:54:00,519
is their wedding is the major social event in all

699
00:54:00,519 --> 00:54:03,920
of Romania for that year, with eighty to one hundred

700
00:54:03,960 --> 00:54:06,760
thousand people who came out in attendance, and this the

701
00:54:06,880 --> 00:54:13,079
story of them, like in like walking from town to

702
00:54:13,159 --> 00:54:18,599
town to come to this. For this wedding is just

703
00:54:18,760 --> 00:54:22,599
wild with people coming out dressed in like folk costumes

704
00:54:22,679 --> 00:54:27,400
as you can see he's wearing here, and you know,

705
00:54:27,920 --> 00:54:31,599
ornate carriages and people are donating all kinds of stuff

706
00:54:31,639 --> 00:54:35,960
and it's like this huge, massive party, almost like a

707
00:54:36,079 --> 00:54:42,239
royal wedding. And it's filmed by a film crew and

708
00:54:42,280 --> 00:54:45,159
then shown in movie houses in Bucharest, and then the

709
00:54:45,199 --> 00:54:49,480
Ministry of Internal Affairs shuts it down and confiscates the

710
00:54:49,480 --> 00:54:53,400
film and destroys it because again because of obviously what's

711
00:54:53,559 --> 00:54:59,440
what's happening here. So after his wedding and all this

712
00:54:59,760 --> 00:55:03,119
ten and the fact that he's like got away with

713
00:55:03,280 --> 00:55:08,039
yeating a cop, you know, he and his wife think

714
00:55:08,480 --> 00:55:13,480
we should probably avail ourselves of some of our opportunities

715
00:55:13,519 --> 00:55:17,039
to like go over, you know, go out of the

716
00:55:17,079 --> 00:55:21,639
country for a little while and continue my legal studies.

717
00:55:23,079 --> 00:55:29,599
So Kadrianu and Jon Mota go to Grenoble, France with

718
00:55:29,760 --> 00:55:35,400
Elena coming along, and basically live in abject poverty but

719
00:55:35,599 --> 00:55:40,599
get to know like the locals and really really liking

720
00:55:41,039 --> 00:55:45,119
like what they call the genuine French culture. You have

721
00:55:45,199 --> 00:55:49,320
to keep in mind that Romania had been for like

722
00:55:49,480 --> 00:55:56,000
at least one hundred years total Francophiles, that especially in

723
00:55:56,039 --> 00:56:01,440
the elite circles, much like the Russians, right like, France

724
00:56:01,639 --> 00:56:05,159
was like the center of the liberal modern world in

725
00:56:05,239 --> 00:56:08,760
Europe for those kinds of people, and so.

726
00:56:09,599 --> 00:56:11,679
Speaker 1: Many of the Mulsheviks hid there, and.

727
00:56:12,280 --> 00:56:19,599
Speaker 3: Absolutely yeah, and so Kadrianu's observations about France are very interesting,

728
00:56:19,679 --> 00:56:22,119
but in general he's like, we found the right people,

729
00:56:22,159 --> 00:56:26,599
and we found good churches and and and so on.

730
00:56:26,760 --> 00:56:32,920
So after he completes his studies in Grenoble, but you know,

731
00:56:32,960 --> 00:56:39,760
there's all kinds of things taking place politically in Romania

732
00:56:39,840 --> 00:56:42,800
that draw him back, including a great deal of oppression

733
00:56:43,159 --> 00:56:49,760
of the League of Christian National Defense. Kadrianu returns and

734
00:56:50,039 --> 00:56:54,079
is moved to say, I don't want to participate in

735
00:56:55,000 --> 00:56:58,639
party politics because we're not in a position where we

736
00:56:58,679 --> 00:57:01,719
can be successful doing this, just because of the state

737
00:57:01,800 --> 00:57:06,199
of the nation and ourselves, which is really interesting. So

738
00:57:06,280 --> 00:57:10,559
he founds the Legion of the Archangel Michael out of

739
00:57:11,519 --> 00:57:14,400
with the root and the core leadership of it being

740
00:57:15,039 --> 00:57:19,119
the Brotherhood of the Cross, which was a youth subset

741
00:57:19,760 --> 00:57:22,559
of the League of Christian National Defense that they've been

742
00:57:22,599 --> 00:57:29,119
working together for years and trusted each other so very interestingly,

743
00:57:29,159 --> 00:57:34,039
one of their members said, there are defeats and deaths

744
00:57:34,239 --> 00:57:37,280
which can awaken a nation to life, just as there

745
00:57:37,280 --> 00:57:40,159
are triumphs of the kind which can put a nation

746
00:57:40,760 --> 00:57:41,440
to sleep.

747
00:57:42,239 --> 00:57:43,320
Speaker 2: And so that was kind of.

748
00:57:45,000 --> 00:57:48,599
Speaker 3: An expression of their motivation for creating this separate group,

749
00:57:49,079 --> 00:57:53,960
because they just felt like the issue that they had

750
00:57:54,199 --> 00:57:57,800
was any successes that they had would mute the energy

751
00:57:57,840 --> 00:57:59,639
of what they were doing and then it would just

752
00:58:00,199 --> 00:58:03,599
things would dissipate, and they didn't want to have a

753
00:58:03,639 --> 00:58:07,760
political platform or like a quote unquote program to use

754
00:58:07,800 --> 00:58:12,360
the term the KADRIANU uses Cadrian who says this country

755
00:58:12,440 --> 00:58:18,519
is dying of lack of men, not of lack of programs.

756
00:58:18,599 --> 00:58:21,320
And so his statement, his quote is as a consequence

757
00:58:21,320 --> 00:58:25,039
of seeing this state of affairs, the political state of affairs,

758
00:58:25,079 --> 00:58:28,760
the cornerstone on which the Legion stands is man, not

759
00:58:28,880 --> 00:58:34,239
the political program. Man's reform, not that of the political programs.

760
00:58:35,159 --> 00:58:37,960
The Legion of the Archangel Michael will be, in other words,

761
00:58:37,960 --> 00:58:44,960
more a school in an army than a political party.

762
00:58:45,639 --> 00:58:50,239
He says in another quote, our intimate feelings from which

763
00:58:50,239 --> 00:58:53,119
the Legion was born were these. It did not interest

764
00:58:53,239 --> 00:58:56,639
us whether we would triumph or be conquered, or whether

765
00:58:56,679 --> 00:59:00,840
we would die. Our purpose was different, to advance united

766
00:59:01,400 --> 00:59:04,480
moving forward in united front, with the help of God

767
00:59:04,559 --> 00:59:08,920
and the Romanian people's justice. No matter what destiny awaited us,

768
00:59:09,199 --> 00:59:12,280
that of being vanquished or that of death, it would

769
00:59:12,280 --> 00:59:14,599
be a blessed one and it would bear fruit for

770
00:59:14,679 --> 00:59:20,960
our people. So again they realize that this political agitation

771
00:59:21,639 --> 00:59:25,280
every victory two steps back. So they step away and

772
00:59:25,320 --> 00:59:28,280
they try to kind of peacefully do their own thing.

773
00:59:28,400 --> 00:59:28,920
Speaker 2: For a while.

774
00:59:30,360 --> 00:59:33,280
Speaker 3: We shall create an atmosphere, a moral medium in which

775
00:59:33,360 --> 00:59:36,440
the heroic man can be born and can grow. And

776
00:59:36,480 --> 00:59:39,880
it's based on four leading principles faith in God, faith

777
00:59:39,920 --> 00:59:43,760
in their mission, love for each other. And then interestingly,

778
00:59:43,960 --> 00:59:47,760
song as the chief manifestation of our state of mind.

779
00:59:47,840 --> 00:59:51,760
And this just resonates with me. They treat prayer as

780
00:59:51,800 --> 00:59:57,559
a decisive element for victory. One of their members, Mahil

781
00:59:58,239 --> 01:00:05,119
Polid daid, Gosh, these names are killing me, said. Fascism

782
01:00:05,199 --> 01:00:10,559
venerates the state, German national socialism, the race and the nation.

783
01:00:11,360 --> 01:00:15,599
Our movement strives to fulfill the destiny of the Romanian

784
01:00:15,639 --> 01:00:22,239
people through salvation. So they want to be heroes, and

785
01:00:22,280 --> 01:00:26,039
the hero comes from is a product of the legionary education.

786
01:00:27,000 --> 01:00:29,599
The hero will be able to know how to elaborate

787
01:00:29,639 --> 01:00:34,440
programs instead of focusing on to pre defining a program.

788
01:00:34,719 --> 01:00:37,519
They'll know how to organize the state. They will know

789
01:00:37,559 --> 01:00:40,639
how to convince the other Romanians, and if not, he

790
01:00:40,679 --> 01:00:43,119
will know how to win. For that is why he

791
01:00:43,199 --> 01:00:49,159
is a hero. And Kadrianu said why they held up

792
01:00:49,239 --> 01:00:52,199
song as the chief manifestation of their state of mind.

793
01:00:52,639 --> 01:00:54,800
He says, to be able to sing, one has to

794
01:00:54,800 --> 01:00:58,239
be in a certain state of spirit and inner harmony.

795
01:00:58,559 --> 01:01:03,760
A person bent on robot robbing someone cannot sing, Nor

796
01:01:03,840 --> 01:01:05,960
can one who is about to commit some other wrong,

797
01:01:06,559 --> 01:01:09,719
nor he whose soul is consumed by envy and hate

798
01:01:09,760 --> 01:01:13,360
of his comrade, nor he whose soul is devoid of faith.

799
01:01:13,960 --> 01:01:18,239
That is why you, Legionaries of today and tomorrow. Anytime

800
01:01:18,320 --> 01:01:21,519
you feel the need to orient yourselves in the Legionary spirit,

801
01:01:22,360 --> 01:01:24,760
you must return to these four lines of our beginning,

802
01:01:24,800 --> 01:01:28,280
which constitute the basis of our movement, and the song

803
01:01:28,360 --> 01:01:30,639
will be a guide to you. If you are not

804
01:01:30,719 --> 01:01:32,400
going to be able to sing, you must know that

805
01:01:32,480 --> 01:01:35,559
a sickness gnaws at the depth of your spiritual being,

806
01:01:36,320 --> 01:01:39,400
or that life has filled your innocent soul with sins.

807
01:01:40,079 --> 01:01:42,320
And if you cannot rid yourself of these sins, you

808
01:01:42,360 --> 01:01:45,920
ought to step aside, leaving your place to those who

809
01:01:46,000 --> 01:01:53,840
can sing. Very interesting, all right, I'm going to cover

810
01:01:54,039 --> 01:01:57,199
the doctrine and then the six fundamental laws, and then

811
01:01:57,199 --> 01:01:59,920
we're going to dive right into some more.

812
01:02:01,679 --> 01:02:01,800
Speaker 2: So.

813
01:02:01,920 --> 01:02:06,840
Speaker 3: The Legion was an organization founded on order and discipline,

814
01:02:07,119 --> 01:02:10,920
guided by pure nationalism, stemming from the boundless love of

815
01:02:10,920 --> 01:02:14,320
a nation and country. The Legion wants to awaken all

816
01:02:14,360 --> 01:02:18,719
the creative energies of the nation to battle. The Legion

817
01:02:18,719 --> 01:02:22,000
defends the altars of the Church that our enemies want

818
01:02:22,039 --> 01:02:25,719
to tear down. The Legion kneels before the crosses of

819
01:02:25,760 --> 01:02:29,880
the brave and the martyrs of the nation. The Legion

820
01:02:29,960 --> 01:02:34,159
stands as an unwavering shield around the throne from which

821
01:02:34,239 --> 01:02:38,320
commanders and kings have sacrificed themselves for the defense and

822
01:02:38,440 --> 01:02:42,280
exultation of the fatherland. They wanted a legitimate ruler and

823
01:02:42,360 --> 01:02:47,800
wanted to support a king. The Legion wants to build

824
01:02:47,800 --> 01:02:51,159
a strong country, a new Romania, from strong souls and

825
01:02:51,199 --> 01:02:57,719
strong arms. And then they had six fundamental laws. The

826
01:02:57,840 --> 01:03:01,719
law of discipline, to be disciplined legionary, for only then

827
01:03:01,840 --> 01:03:06,719
will you win. The law of labor work, work every day,

828
01:03:07,039 --> 01:03:10,880
and work with love. The law of silence, speak little,

829
01:03:11,760 --> 01:03:15,679
but speak what is necessary. The law of education you

830
01:03:15,760 --> 01:03:20,679
must become another a hero. The law of mutual aid.

831
01:03:20,800 --> 01:03:23,480
Help your brother in distress. And the law of honor.

832
01:03:23,760 --> 01:03:31,320
Walk only on the paths indicated by honor. So as

833
01:03:31,360 --> 01:03:34,679
an expression of this, let's step back and look at

834
01:03:34,679 --> 01:03:38,159
some other things that Kadrianu had been up to for

835
01:03:38,239 --> 01:03:44,400
some time. Along with this core group, they conceived of

836
01:03:44,920 --> 01:03:49,920
work basically work camps or labor camps that were a

837
01:03:50,000 --> 01:03:54,559
volunteer thing for these students and this student movement that

838
01:03:54,679 --> 01:03:57,920
was growing. So in nineteen twenty four, back when they

839
01:03:57,960 --> 01:04:00,920
were in Yasi, there were no longer able to meet

840
01:04:00,920 --> 01:04:04,000
in university buildings or their dormitories. They were being shut

841
01:04:04,079 --> 01:04:11,119
out by the Reds and the Conservatives. So the Nationalist

842
01:04:11,159 --> 01:04:15,440
students determined to build their own headquarters in Yasi. They

843
01:04:15,480 --> 01:04:21,280
developed a brickyard on donated land in Ungeny along the

844
01:04:21,320 --> 01:04:24,880
Proof River, and to supplement donations that they received from

845
01:04:24,920 --> 01:04:29,599
the public, a group of students, while these people are

846
01:04:29,639 --> 01:04:33,599
working in the brickyard, also worked a two acre garden

847
01:04:33,639 --> 01:04:37,599
plot that they were given for food. So in this way,

848
01:04:37,679 --> 01:04:41,119
the student of all social classes, even if their upper class,

849
01:04:41,519 --> 01:04:44,360
even if they're upper middle class, they learned the value

850
01:04:44,400 --> 01:04:49,039
of manual labor. It also gives them great capabilities as well.

851
01:04:49,079 --> 01:04:53,119
The peasants and workers around them saw the students laboring,

852
01:04:54,440 --> 01:04:56,880
saw these future elites and saw them as being on

853
01:04:57,039 --> 01:05:00,199
their level. They not only respected them, but new that

854
01:05:00,239 --> 01:05:05,000
they were genuinely, you know, on the same level in

855
01:05:05,079 --> 01:05:08,320
terms of what they you know, getting in the dirt

856
01:05:08,360 --> 01:05:12,760
getting messy. So the picture at right is the Christian

857
01:05:12,800 --> 01:05:16,639
Cultural Home of Yasi that was completed in nineteen twenty five,

858
01:05:17,199 --> 01:05:21,440
built from the bricks that the students made themselves in

859
01:05:21,519 --> 01:05:26,159
a brickyard that they developed themselves with their own hands,

860
01:05:26,519 --> 01:05:33,639
and then they built the Christian Cultural Home with those bricks. Subsequently,

861
01:05:34,599 --> 01:05:38,719
the Legion followed this method built their own barracks facility.

862
01:05:38,800 --> 01:05:40,400
Speaker 1: You see, we can't do that here. We just got

863
01:05:40,400 --> 01:05:40,920
to We got.

864
01:05:40,800 --> 01:05:45,400
Speaker 2: To elect the right people exactly exactly the right because

865
01:05:45,440 --> 01:05:47,800
you know, this is the.

866
01:05:47,039 --> 01:05:52,440
Speaker 3: Fundamental, a fundamental step back that we have to create

867
01:05:52,719 --> 01:05:58,840
entirely parallel institutions. That was Kadrianu's position that the voting

868
01:05:59,199 --> 01:06:03,559
nonsense couldn't there was a time when that could do something,

869
01:06:03,599 --> 01:06:07,280
but that wasn't. It wasn't time for that yet. So

870
01:06:07,480 --> 01:06:10,320
if they were denied access to the things that everyone

871
01:06:10,360 --> 01:06:11,840
else got, they would build their own.

872
01:06:12,679 --> 01:06:17,000
Speaker 1: You can't you can't vote anything into existence unless you're

873
01:06:17,559 --> 01:06:19,719
unless the only people who are voting are your people.

874
01:06:20,800 --> 01:06:21,280
Speaker 2: Exactly.

875
01:06:21,679 --> 01:06:25,440
Speaker 1: Even if you have slight you can only have slight differences.

876
01:06:27,000 --> 01:06:33,599
You can't have people who are completely at odds one

877
01:06:33,679 --> 01:06:37,679
with another worldviews at odds and expect to vote your

878
01:06:37,719 --> 01:06:38,559
way out of anything.

879
01:06:40,480 --> 01:06:46,960
Speaker 3: Yeah. So a very interesting thing exactly to that point

880
01:06:47,119 --> 01:06:52,480
is that KADRIANU. I mean, this man was a genius

881
01:06:52,800 --> 01:06:59,280
and he understood people, and he clearly deeply felt what

882
01:07:00,159 --> 01:07:02,119
basically the life that he was living.

883
01:07:03,519 --> 01:07:04,840
Speaker 2: And so.

884
01:07:06,320 --> 01:07:09,760
Speaker 3: Even before it was like the Legion, this was something

885
01:07:09,800 --> 01:07:12,119
that he did, going back to those student days. He

886
01:07:12,280 --> 01:07:17,719
always credited people for their financial contributions in their publications,

887
01:07:18,440 --> 01:07:22,880
and he would publish letters from these contributors and well wishers,

888
01:07:23,119 --> 01:07:26,440
and it wasn't just to give them credit, but it

889
01:07:26,480 --> 01:07:30,559
was also so that readers could see that here are

890
01:07:30,639 --> 01:07:35,960
other people that feel the same way I feel. He

891
01:07:36,079 --> 01:07:41,760
also punished the misdeeds of people in his organizations, even

892
01:07:41,800 --> 01:07:45,559
if there were misdeeds against enemies. He tells a story

893
01:07:45,599 --> 01:07:50,119
about some legionaries who went into a Jewish owned restaurant

894
01:07:50,599 --> 01:07:55,880
who ate food and then refused to pay and walked out,

895
01:07:56,599 --> 01:08:04,400
and he made them work to pay off their basically

896
01:08:04,519 --> 01:08:07,760
punish them for their debt. He's like, look, what you're

897
01:08:07,760 --> 01:08:13,159
doing is you're worse than the person that you're ripping

898
01:08:13,199 --> 01:08:19,800
off because you're debasing yourself through sin. So you can say, oh, well,

899
01:08:19,800 --> 01:08:23,720
this guy's a sinner, you know, but so are you.

900
01:08:23,680 --> 01:08:26,960
You like what you're doing here is a sin. Once

901
01:08:27,000 --> 01:08:30,520
the punishment is fulfilled, once you've made good on your error,

902
01:08:30,560 --> 01:08:33,680
you're free of its burden as if nothing has happened.

903
01:08:33,680 --> 01:08:38,439
It's forgiveness of sin through punishment, productive punishment. It isn't

904
01:08:38,479 --> 01:08:44,239
like whipping or anything. It's him doing labor. And then

905
01:08:44,439 --> 01:08:46,560
the other thing too that I kind of jumped around,

906
01:08:46,680 --> 01:08:49,119
and we'll look at some examples of this, the very

907
01:08:49,119 --> 01:08:54,159
bottom button bullet point is that something that again, learning

908
01:08:54,199 --> 01:08:59,000
to build these structures, et cetera. They took on local

909
01:08:59,079 --> 01:09:02,840
improvement project, so there were work centers all over the

910
01:09:02,880 --> 01:09:06,560
country that we'll see in detail here. And it really

911
01:09:06,640 --> 01:09:11,720
exploded as the legion built up, and they would do irrigation,

912
01:09:12,119 --> 01:09:16,439
resident in rural areas. They would repair bridges, upgrade roads,

913
01:09:17,359 --> 01:09:22,119
build fencing for peasants for their animals, tend to the

914
01:09:22,119 --> 01:09:26,520
homes of the elderly and widows, tend to cemeteries and

915
01:09:26,600 --> 01:09:32,039
abandoned graves, just to show respect to people and to

916
01:09:32,399 --> 01:09:37,319
take care of their people. In nineteen twenty nine November,

917
01:09:37,920 --> 01:09:41,359
they toured Romania. They said, we've had a couple of

918
01:09:41,439 --> 01:09:44,000
years of building this organization. It's time to go to

919
01:09:44,079 --> 01:09:51,239
the masses and not only spread the legion, but Quadrianu

920
01:09:51,319 --> 01:09:54,279
would go out and be introduced by the local head

921
01:09:54,319 --> 01:09:57,279
of the legion to the people. The people would be

922
01:09:57,279 --> 01:10:00,760
wanting to go see the famed Kuadrianu that they've heard

923
01:10:00,760 --> 01:10:04,960
about for so long, and Kadrianu, even though he was

924
01:10:05,039 --> 01:10:10,000
like the leader unquestioningly of the whole legion, he would

925
01:10:10,039 --> 01:10:15,119
defer to the local legion leaders who would present him

926
01:10:15,159 --> 01:10:20,159
to the people. It's really fascinating stories around that. And

927
01:10:20,199 --> 01:10:22,319
then the other thing too. They have all these lawyers,

928
01:10:22,840 --> 01:10:29,399
so they're volunteering to defend persecuted Romanians in court proceedings,

929
01:10:29,479 --> 01:10:32,439
whether they're part of their crew or whether they're just

930
01:10:32,520 --> 01:10:35,199
poor people who are in a tight spot.

931
01:10:36,279 --> 01:10:37,840
Speaker 2: So this is how they.

932
01:10:37,720 --> 01:10:45,640
Speaker 3: Spread not only their program, even though there was no program, right,

933
01:10:46,279 --> 01:10:51,159
it wasn't a political program, it was a cultural program.

934
01:10:53,720 --> 01:10:54,680
Speaker 2: These are cool pictures.

935
01:10:54,720 --> 01:10:57,640
Speaker 3: I was really happy to find high quality versions, a

936
01:10:58,319 --> 01:11:04,479
high quality version of this map. So the Iron Guard

937
01:11:04,520 --> 01:11:08,880
completed construction of its greenhouse headquarters on the left, again

938
01:11:08,960 --> 01:11:12,439
with bricks from that brickyard. The building is still there

939
01:11:12,479 --> 01:11:17,600
in Bucharest. In nineteen thirty four, this became the headquarters

940
01:11:18,039 --> 01:11:22,520
for the whole country for the organization. The map at

941
01:11:22,520 --> 01:11:26,560
the top right shows over three hundred settlements can be

942
01:11:26,600 --> 01:11:28,840
counted on this map. The fruit of the work of

943
01:11:28,880 --> 01:11:36,560
the legionary camps. So they built cathedrals, churches, They restored monasteries, hermitages,

944
01:11:36,760 --> 01:11:40,760
built dormitories, built shelters for the poor, built rest houses

945
01:11:40,800 --> 01:11:45,600
for the needy, improved mountain roads, built dams and bridges

946
01:11:45,840 --> 01:11:49,960
or fixed them. They built hospitals or restored hospitals for

947
01:11:50,000 --> 01:11:54,439
the poor, developed canteens for orphans, and many other kind

948
01:11:54,479 --> 01:12:01,359
of public works. The coolest one is the cathedral of

949
01:12:01,399 --> 01:12:04,439
the archangels Michael and Gabriel that still stands, as you

950
01:12:04,439 --> 01:12:08,600
can see from this photo in Arastie. I don't know

951
01:12:08,600 --> 01:12:12,760
how to pronounce Romanian words. The corners. This was like

952
01:12:12,800 --> 01:12:17,399
one of their final big works. The cornerstone was laid

953
01:12:17,399 --> 01:12:20,239
in nineteen thirty six and completed in nineteen forty. So

954
01:12:20,680 --> 01:12:28,399
here's this organization where the whole thing is just work.

955
01:12:29,319 --> 01:12:32,119
There's no there's not an awful lot of politics that

956
01:12:32,159 --> 01:12:35,840
are involved in this. You know, we'll talk about you know,

957
01:12:35,960 --> 01:12:41,520
the national level politics and wrangling taking place shortly, but

958
01:12:41,600 --> 01:12:44,960
the average person isn't engaged, you know, average legionaire is

959
01:12:45,039 --> 01:12:50,279
not engaging in politics. They're working to build things to

960
01:12:50,359 --> 01:12:54,199
improve the lives of people around them. That's really their

961
01:12:55,279 --> 01:13:00,640
their commitment. So this church, the found under of this

962
01:13:01,319 --> 01:13:10,159
was Yon Mota, who was Yon Mota's father. He the senior,

963
01:13:10,319 --> 01:13:13,119
the elder, was a prominent figure in Romania during the

964
01:13:13,119 --> 01:13:22,640
interwar period. He founded the newspaper Libertatier and he was

965
01:13:23,399 --> 01:13:29,479
again the father of Ywell. Mota was one of the

966
01:13:29,520 --> 01:13:32,439
founding members of the Legionary movement. So the very first

967
01:13:32,479 --> 01:13:36,720
holy Mass that was celebrated at this church was the

968
01:13:36,760 --> 01:13:43,920
funeral of Yon Mota on November twenty third, nineteen forty,

969
01:13:44,000 --> 01:13:48,399
so that the elder Motas passed away before the first

970
01:13:48,439 --> 01:13:52,840
holy Mass could take place in the in the cathedral here.

971
01:13:52,960 --> 01:13:56,800
He died of natural causes, so I was almost shocked.

972
01:13:57,800 --> 01:14:03,600
But they had very hardcore dignitaries come out from all

973
01:14:03,640 --> 01:14:08,399
over the kind of the Axis world this.

974
01:14:09,399 --> 01:14:11,279
Speaker 2: To this holy mass and funeral.

975
01:14:14,560 --> 01:14:19,560
Speaker 3: So as I'm about to get into a timeline of

976
01:14:20,479 --> 01:14:26,439
the legion slash Iron Guard in the nineteen thirties, and

977
01:14:26,920 --> 01:14:30,239
we have to talk about King Carol the Second, so

978
01:14:32,600 --> 01:14:37,600
King Carol reigned from June nineteen thirty to September nineteen forty.

979
01:14:37,720 --> 01:14:42,239
His succession rights were removed by his father, King Ferdinand

980
01:14:42,439 --> 01:14:46,880
I in nineteen twenty five due to his trifling behavior.

981
01:14:46,880 --> 01:14:50,359
It's very dishonorable behavior. He was a total womanizer and

982
01:14:50,479 --> 01:14:56,000
just a scumbag hated by the Romanian people. So he

983
01:14:56,119 --> 01:15:03,680
was exiled to France his father passed away, and then

984
01:15:03,960 --> 01:15:08,399
because of the kind of stacking political crises, he was

985
01:15:08,760 --> 01:15:12,920
returned to Romania in nineteen thirty and reinstated via a

986
01:15:13,000 --> 01:15:19,000
coup over his son Michael the First, who was under

987
01:15:19,039 --> 01:15:27,960
a regency. So basically just like in in Spain and

988
01:15:28,079 --> 01:15:31,640
the nineteenth century where they essentially have a corrupt libtard

989
01:15:31,760 --> 01:15:41,359
regency that caused the Carlist succession crisis, this was essentially

990
01:15:41,680 --> 01:15:47,000
what happened in Romania in this time. So in nineteen

991
01:15:47,079 --> 01:15:50,239
forty he was forced to abdicate by Prime Minister General

992
01:15:50,359 --> 01:15:57,800
Jan Antonescu, who was one of Germany's greatest allies. Stanley

993
01:15:57,880 --> 01:16:02,680
Payne again describes King Carol the Second as the most cynical,

994
01:16:03,119 --> 01:16:07,439
corrupt and power hungry monarch who ever disgraced a throne anywhere.

995
01:16:07,479 --> 01:16:11,159
In twentieth century Europe. So that sets the stage for

996
01:16:11,199 --> 01:16:20,560
what we're going to cover now. So the nineteen thirties acceleration.

997
01:16:21,479 --> 01:16:25,399
So in the year nineteen thirty seven, someone dubs the

998
01:16:25,479 --> 01:16:29,520
Legion of the Archangel Michael the Iron Guard as an

999
01:16:29,560 --> 01:16:36,800
alternative name for them. There's various there's various stories. Some

1000
01:16:36,840 --> 01:16:40,880
of them are that it's like the militant groups of

1001
01:16:40,920 --> 01:16:45,239
them would be the Iron Guard, but it became just

1002
01:16:45,319 --> 01:16:52,039
kind of a shorthand for the overall organization. As King

1003
01:16:52,079 --> 01:16:56,760
Carol the Second is enthroned, Kaudrianu makes a direct patriotic

1004
01:16:56,800 --> 01:17:01,439
appeal to him, saying, we're not opposed to you, We're

1005
01:17:01,479 --> 01:17:04,680
trying to improve Romania. Why don't we find ways to

1006
01:17:04,720 --> 01:17:08,319
work together, kind of like, please stop oppressing us.

1007
01:17:08,399 --> 01:17:09,359
Speaker 2: Also, right.

1008
01:17:11,279 --> 01:17:14,840
Speaker 3: So, right out of the gate, King Carol the Second

1009
01:17:15,119 --> 01:17:20,800
consolidting power, sidelines democratic institutions as much as he can.

1010
01:17:20,960 --> 01:17:24,640
So you know, if we remember in the way that

1011
01:17:24,960 --> 01:17:34,199
their legislature and the kingship governed, he has his Council

1012
01:17:34,479 --> 01:17:38,479
of Regents right below him. There's a lot of push

1013
01:17:38,560 --> 01:17:43,479
pull and under Carol he's just like grabbing as much

1014
01:17:43,520 --> 01:17:46,199
power as he can and taking as much away from

1015
01:17:47,600 --> 01:17:52,000
the democratic institutions as possible, and it plays out in

1016
01:17:52,039 --> 01:17:55,199
a really interesting way, which we'll get into you here

1017
01:17:55,239 --> 01:17:58,800
in a second. In nineteen thirty Kadrianu was put on

1018
01:17:58,880 --> 01:18:05,319
trial for conspiracy to commit murder because a kid who

1019
01:18:05,840 --> 01:18:10,479
Kadrianu will not allow into the Legion because he seems

1020
01:18:10,680 --> 01:18:20,880
off murders a political someone in politics, and Kadrianu has

1021
01:18:20,920 --> 01:18:23,439
nothing to do do with it. But because this kid

1022
01:18:23,479 --> 01:18:31,199
had Legion materials with him, there's a claim that Kadrianu

1023
01:18:31,279 --> 01:18:32,000
was involved in this.

1024
01:18:33,359 --> 01:18:34,680
Speaker 2: He wasn't. He was.

1025
01:18:34,880 --> 01:18:37,880
Speaker 3: He's acquitted again after spending like two months in what

1026
01:18:38,000 --> 01:18:44,760
these hell prisons in Romania. In nineteen thirty one, Carol

1027
01:18:44,800 --> 01:18:51,039
the Second appoints one of ac Kuza's associates, Nikolai Jorga,

1028
01:18:51,479 --> 01:18:55,960
as the premier, the prime minister. He's creating a coalition

1029
01:18:56,079 --> 01:19:02,439
government that is kind of that gives some power to

1030
01:19:02,800 --> 01:19:08,119
the National Liberals and then some power to the right wingers.

1031
01:19:08,159 --> 01:19:11,439
He wants to strike this balance, and part of that

1032
01:19:11,840 --> 01:19:16,800
is in terms not only for domestic policy, but also

1033
01:19:17,359 --> 01:19:21,319
what's going on in Europe. As things are starting to

1034
01:19:21,399 --> 01:19:28,399
catch fire in the rest of Europe. They outlaw the

1035
01:19:28,479 --> 01:19:32,359
Legion in January nineteen thirty one, because it's seen as

1036
01:19:32,399 --> 01:19:38,119
a direct challenge to the government, the leadership is rounded

1037
01:19:38,199 --> 01:19:41,319
up and arrested for conspiracy to overthrow the government, even

1038
01:19:41,359 --> 01:19:49,000
though there's absolutely no conspiracy whatsoever. They're acquitted, well, they're

1039
01:19:49,039 --> 01:19:54,119
retried because again the point of arresting them and putting

1040
01:19:54,119 --> 01:20:00,399
them on trial is to get rid of them. They're

1041
01:20:00,399 --> 01:20:04,239
acquitted in March. So again several months in these hell

1042
01:20:04,359 --> 01:20:10,960
prisons and Kadrianu decides that it's time to take advantage

1043
01:20:11,079 --> 01:20:15,279
of an open slot in parliament and runs.

1044
01:20:16,399 --> 01:20:20,000
Speaker 2: For parliament and is elected later that year.

1045
01:20:22,720 --> 01:20:29,399
Speaker 3: So in nineteen thirty two, the Yoga government again.

1046
01:20:30,600 --> 01:20:31,920
Speaker 2: Dissolves the Guard.

1047
01:20:32,159 --> 01:20:35,039
Speaker 3: So before they had been decreed outlawed and there was

1048
01:20:35,079 --> 01:20:37,640
a roundup of the leadership, but it wasn't like really

1049
01:20:37,720 --> 01:20:42,199
proactively going out and shutting them down. In nineteen thirty two,

1050
01:20:42,720 --> 01:20:46,319
they go out and like padlock their print shops and

1051
01:20:46,520 --> 01:20:50,319
headquarters all around the country, and there's pretty brutal repression

1052
01:20:50,359 --> 01:20:51,640
of them.

1053
01:20:52,600 --> 01:20:53,000
Speaker 1: The UH.

1054
01:20:54,520 --> 01:21:02,000
Speaker 3: Despite this, members of the Guard run in a newly

1055
01:21:02,079 --> 01:21:08,840
conceived political party that is basically the Guards Party, and

1056
01:21:09,079 --> 01:21:13,199
they went five seats in parliament under a National Peasants

1057
01:21:13,239 --> 01:21:18,399
government which is kind of a agrarian right wing coalition,

1058
01:21:21,279 --> 01:21:25,479
so they continue to grow. They continue to organize even

1059
01:21:25,520 --> 01:21:33,399
though they're technically outlawed and being oppressed. There's one of

1060
01:21:33,439 --> 01:21:39,000
the work camps, a legionary dam project at Vasani is

1061
01:21:39,000 --> 01:21:43,119
attacked by the police and they're like cracking heads. And

1062
01:21:43,720 --> 01:21:48,840
as word gets out about this, like the Romanians fall

1063
01:21:48,920 --> 01:21:53,199
in to support the legion and the hatred of the government.

1064
01:21:53,319 --> 01:21:54,640
Speaker 2: Grows like crazy.

1065
01:21:57,079 --> 01:22:01,439
Speaker 3: The Prime minister, a new Prime minister is put in

1066
01:22:01,479 --> 01:22:05,000
place from the National Liberal Party again because there's this

1067
01:22:05,119 --> 01:22:08,000
constant shuffle in the nineteen thirties under King Carol the

1068
01:22:08,079 --> 01:22:13,640
second this PM yon Duka is assassinated by some legionaries

1069
01:22:14,399 --> 01:22:20,840
because of what they're up to. Nineteen thirty four to

1070
01:22:20,920 --> 01:22:27,399
nineteen thirty seven, Kadrianu's political party, which is called Everything

1071
01:22:27,399 --> 01:22:30,880
for the Country, continues to grow until it's the third

1072
01:22:31,000 --> 01:22:34,479
largest political party in all of Romania. It's about it's

1073
01:22:34,479 --> 01:22:39,239
like fifteen point six to sixteen percent of the electorate

1074
01:22:39,359 --> 01:22:45,800
falls into this bucket, with another like sixty to seventy

1075
01:22:45,840 --> 01:22:49,279
percent of the country being super sympathetic to their positions

1076
01:22:49,279 --> 01:22:53,439
but wanting to do things through strictly through the electoral process.

1077
01:22:54,479 --> 01:22:58,760
So King Carol the second approach appoints another prime minister,

1078
01:23:00,359 --> 01:23:05,439
George Tatar Rescue, and what he's doing is he's playing

1079
01:23:05,560 --> 01:23:10,239
the National Liberal and National Peasant parties against the Legion,

1080
01:23:10,840 --> 01:23:13,960
so that the top two political parties are being played

1081
01:23:14,000 --> 01:23:17,159
against the Legion and in support of his own again

1082
01:23:17,319 --> 01:23:21,119
authoritarian rules. So these elections are almost just like placeholders

1083
01:23:21,479 --> 01:23:24,479
for people to talk about what their positions are, to

1084
01:23:24,560 --> 01:23:28,920
pitch their programs, but they don't have very much actual

1085
01:23:29,319 --> 01:23:30,199
governing power.

1086
01:23:31,000 --> 01:23:32,920
Speaker 2: It's largely theatrical.

1087
01:23:34,720 --> 01:23:39,720
Speaker 3: Kadrianu's book for My legionaries must read downloaded or buy

1088
01:23:39,760 --> 01:23:45,560
it is published in nineteen thirty six, and then in

1089
01:23:45,640 --> 01:23:51,159
nineteen thirty six the Legion sends eight volunteers, including Jonmota,

1090
01:23:51,199 --> 01:23:53,640
who's one of the founders and one of their thought

1091
01:23:53,680 --> 01:24:00,359
leaders of Vasili Marin, to Spain. They present a the

1092
01:24:00,399 --> 01:24:06,399
Toledo sword to the general who led the defense of

1093
01:24:06,439 --> 01:24:11,720
the Alcazar and immediately go into fighting, and in January

1094
01:24:11,880 --> 01:24:16,279
nineteen thirty seven, Mota and Marine are killed on the

1095
01:24:16,319 --> 01:24:17,600
Madrid Front.

1096
01:24:18,199 --> 01:24:24,000
Speaker 1: Let me share something, Okay, go for it. Thomas posted

1097
01:24:24,000 --> 01:24:27,119
this up this morning. This is a picture of the

1098
01:24:27,199 --> 01:24:31,880
Romanian Iron Guard, and I think underrated. It'll say that

1099
01:24:33,920 --> 01:24:40,039
Mota is the second from the left, and yes, this

1100
01:24:40,239 --> 01:24:42,239
is Madine right here.

1101
01:24:42,960 --> 01:24:43,319
Speaker 2: Man.

1102
01:24:43,439 --> 01:24:46,239
Speaker 1: Yes, this is a serious bunch of looking, a bunch of.

1103
01:24:46,199 --> 01:24:47,760
Speaker 2: Guys, very serious.

1104
01:24:47,840 --> 01:24:52,000
Speaker 3: All of their pictures, all of their pictures are very serious.

1105
01:24:52,319 --> 01:24:55,279
Speaker 2: Yeah, so this is a big deal.

1106
01:24:57,479 --> 01:25:00,359
Speaker 3: And I would say not only was it a big

1107
01:25:00,399 --> 01:25:04,880
deal for their martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War, not

1108
01:25:04,920 --> 01:25:08,119
only was it a big deal in Romania, but it

1109
01:25:08,159 --> 01:25:17,760
became huge in the kind of international, kind of fascist

1110
01:25:17,800 --> 01:25:22,039
alliance that was that was building. Not only was this

1111
01:25:22,600 --> 01:25:28,760
a direct tie from Romania to really before that, before

1112
01:25:28,840 --> 01:25:32,800
World War Two and the formalization of like the Axis

1113
01:25:33,399 --> 01:25:38,960
powers being defined, but they were engaging with one another

1114
01:25:39,039 --> 01:25:47,000
at this point. So Mota had been in Vakaresti prison

1115
01:25:48,039 --> 01:25:54,800
with Kadrianu in nineteen twenty three. There were some one

1116
01:25:54,840 --> 01:25:57,880
of his oldest friends. He was like the second in command.

1117
01:25:58,000 --> 01:26:01,199
He was the deputy captain of the Iron Guard. And

1118
01:26:01,239 --> 01:26:05,079
then again his own father was a famed nationalist Orthodox priest,

1119
01:26:05,359 --> 01:26:09,439
and he was married to Kadrian His sister Irredenta so

1120
01:26:11,279 --> 01:26:14,960
Vasili Marine is interesting. I have a quote from him

1121
01:26:15,399 --> 01:26:16,960
to close this out.

1122
01:26:18,079 --> 01:26:18,680
Speaker 2: But he was.

1123
01:26:18,640 --> 01:26:22,720
Speaker 3: A member of the National Peasants Party until nineteen thirty two,

1124
01:26:23,319 --> 01:26:27,079
and then when he was in law school he oriented

1125
01:26:27,119 --> 01:26:34,479
towards Kadrianu lawyer politician and then I wrote thinking Man's

1126
01:26:34,600 --> 01:26:40,000
because he was a very sophisticated analytical guy. His writings

1127
01:26:40,039 --> 01:26:42,760
are really interesting. There aren't tons of them that I

1128
01:26:42,800 --> 01:26:49,399
was able to find translated online, but it's he's very interesting.

1129
01:26:49,800 --> 01:26:54,199
So the after the their martyredom, you know, Thomas has

1130
01:26:54,239 --> 01:26:59,720
talked about this a lot. They basically their coffins toured

1131
01:27:00,479 --> 01:27:06,720
Romania and would have you know, unlike George Floyd, cool

1132
01:27:06,800 --> 01:27:12,680
people went out to see them and it was a huge,

1133
01:27:13,039 --> 01:27:15,079
huge deals.

1134
01:27:15,479 --> 01:27:19,680
Speaker 1: It actually goes beyond that. Their bodies were put on

1135
01:27:19,760 --> 01:27:25,600
a train and sent home and every country that they

1136
01:27:25,640 --> 01:27:29,319
went through, partisans would come out and they would throw

1137
01:27:29,359 --> 01:27:34,000
up romans at the train women, would you, Neil.

1138
01:27:35,960 --> 01:27:37,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, they were.

1139
01:27:37,079 --> 01:27:43,680
Speaker 3: They were definitely seen as martyrs for the defensive Christendom

1140
01:27:43,920 --> 01:27:54,279
in Europe and the a core of hardcore members of

1141
01:27:54,319 --> 01:28:00,079
the Legion were was dubbed the Motel Marine Corps and

1142
01:28:00,119 --> 01:28:03,399
the name or their their motto was ready to Die.

1143
01:28:04,000 --> 01:28:07,439
So what I want to point out is that.

1144
01:28:07,920 --> 01:28:12,439
Speaker 2: When you read, when you read.

1145
01:28:14,279 --> 01:28:19,399
Speaker 3: Libtard and enemy framing on the Iron Guard. They talk

1146
01:28:19,479 --> 01:28:25,439
about how it's morbid and almost like suicidal. It's like, no,

1147
01:28:26,000 --> 01:28:32,199
it's it's practical. They point out, they point out that

1148
01:28:32,319 --> 01:28:36,880
you're fighting for a world that you may not see,

1149
01:28:36,920 --> 01:28:40,760
and there's a strong likelihood that you will have to sacrifice,

1150
01:28:40,800 --> 01:28:46,079
not only sacrifice along the way, but also sacrifice your

1151
01:28:46,159 --> 01:28:50,399
life so that your children and your children's children will

1152
01:28:50,399 --> 01:28:56,239
have a better life. And that's like fundamental to really

1153
01:28:56,359 --> 01:29:02,520
Christian thought. You know, it's not like you know, bedazzled jeans,

1154
01:29:02,600 --> 01:29:06,960
guitar playing, you know, Christian youth pastor thought. But it's

1155
01:29:06,960 --> 01:29:09,199
like real Christian thought.

1156
01:29:10,239 --> 01:29:11,640
Speaker 2: Ah So.

1157
01:29:13,880 --> 01:29:21,600
Speaker 3: An acceptance in an understanding of sacrifice totally makes sense.

1158
01:29:21,840 --> 01:29:25,319
You see the same thing with the with the UH,

1159
01:29:26,119 --> 01:29:29,399
the nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. They're not morbid,

1160
01:29:30,640 --> 01:29:36,720
They're they're joyful, They're they're ready to do what needs

1161
01:29:36,760 --> 01:29:39,960
to be done. So it's just one of these insane things.

1162
01:29:40,159 --> 01:29:44,800
There's also these allegations of certain rituals that I just

1163
01:29:44,960 --> 01:29:48,359
I just don't trust as being real because of who

1164
01:29:48,399 --> 01:29:52,680
reports on them, you know, I mean maybe some of them.

1165
01:29:52,680 --> 01:29:56,800
They're supposedly like there's like blood brother rituals, which might

1166
01:29:56,880 --> 01:30:00,680
be real, but then there's certain anger of them that

1167
01:30:00,800 --> 01:30:05,960
just sound totally fantastic. I don't know, maybe something's happened

1168
01:30:06,039 --> 01:30:10,520
later after KADRIANU died, but skeptical.

1169
01:30:11,039 --> 01:30:14,840
Speaker 2: So so.

1170
01:30:16,439 --> 01:30:21,319
Speaker 3: Things really shift at this point because the Guard becomes

1171
01:30:22,199 --> 01:30:27,039
absolutely massive. It becomes a juggernaut that can't be controlled

1172
01:30:27,119 --> 01:30:32,920
by King Carol the Second, who himself is out of control.

1173
01:30:33,319 --> 01:30:37,920
So in nineteen thirty seven, the universities are closed down

1174
01:30:38,640 --> 01:30:44,119
by this premiere Tata rescue because they're totally out of control.

1175
01:30:45,399 --> 01:30:50,880
Because the nationalists are so ascendant at this point, so

1176
01:30:50,920 --> 01:30:52,479
they just say, oh, well, we're going to shut this

1177
01:30:52,560 --> 01:31:01,039
down because then then they can't organize. There's a another

1178
01:31:01,399 --> 01:31:07,439
election in December nineteen thirty seven. King Carol blocks while

1179
01:31:07,479 --> 01:31:11,159
the coalitions are being built, he blocks the Guard, who's

1180
01:31:11,239 --> 01:31:16,159
in third place for total seats, from participating in the government,

1181
01:31:16,720 --> 01:31:21,760
and he appoints Octavian Goga from the fourth place National

1182
01:31:21,840 --> 01:31:27,840
Christian Party, which is Kusa's party, as Prime minister. Again,

1183
01:31:28,800 --> 01:31:32,720
here's your right wing red meat, but we're not going

1184
01:31:32,760 --> 01:31:35,720
to let you guys in because again he saw them

1185
01:31:35,720 --> 01:31:38,600
as a threat, and a lot of it. Frankly, was

1186
01:31:38,680 --> 01:31:44,000
because of the I could say cult of personality about Kadrianu,

1187
01:31:44,079 --> 01:31:48,800
but really his sheer force of personality is a better

1188
01:31:48,840 --> 01:31:52,439
way to put it. So the intent was to shift

1189
01:31:52,479 --> 01:31:58,560
things right, to coapt to the Iron Guard's popularity. So

1190
01:31:59,159 --> 01:32:03,800
in nineteen thirty eight, King Carol the Second imposes a

1191
01:32:03,840 --> 01:32:07,880
new constitution on Romania which proclaims Romania a one party

1192
01:32:07,920 --> 01:32:16,319
state which outlaws all these other parties. Kodrianu and the

1193
01:32:16,399 --> 01:32:21,399
Legion leadership are arrested and tried on very shaky grounds. First,

1194
01:32:21,520 --> 01:32:26,640
Kadrianu was arrested and tried for libel because of comments

1195
01:32:26,640 --> 01:32:30,119
he made about I think goga, I don't have it

1196
01:32:30,199 --> 01:32:35,399
handy that doesn't really go anywhere, and then he and

1197
01:32:35,439 --> 01:32:42,000
his whole crew his leadership are tried for sedition. General

1198
01:32:42,079 --> 01:32:45,560
jan Antonescu, who's the Defense Minister at this point and

1199
01:32:45,600 --> 01:32:50,159
his name comes up again, soon resigns in protest on

1200
01:32:50,279 --> 01:32:55,520
March thirtieth because he sees King Carol the Second as

1201
01:32:55,600 --> 01:32:59,359
totally out of control. Kadrianu was sentenced to ten years

1202
01:32:59,359 --> 01:33:03,359
of hardly were in the salt mines. He urges the

1203
01:33:03,479 --> 01:33:11,640
Legion to refrain from violence, and then in November of

1204
01:33:11,760 --> 01:33:16,479
nineteen thirty eight, Kadrianu and thirteen other legionaries who are

1205
01:33:16,479 --> 01:33:27,119
in prison are murdered extra extra judicially. The legion chimps

1206
01:33:27,159 --> 01:33:33,119
out and just like goes off and starts assassinating people

1207
01:33:33,159 --> 01:33:37,319
like crazy. Kadrianu becomes a martyr. Now here's the thing.

1208
01:33:38,359 --> 01:33:46,680
You'll notice that Kadrianu all along the line urges like

1209
01:33:47,840 --> 01:33:52,840
or refrain from violence kind of unless he's participating in it,

1210
01:33:52,880 --> 01:33:57,119
and he'll only participate in it if it's going to

1211
01:33:57,159 --> 01:34:03,680
actually accomplish something, and is done in this with this

1212
01:34:03,880 --> 01:34:08,359
vision for like the future, because he's seen that his

1213
01:34:08,479 --> 01:34:13,680
own participation in violence in the past didn't necessarily move

1214
01:34:13,720 --> 01:34:18,439
the needle. He sees the Legion as as what it is,

1215
01:34:18,520 --> 01:34:21,279
which is, you know, they kind of captured the heart

1216
01:34:21,359 --> 01:34:27,560
of the country at this point, and so he's trying

1217
01:34:27,600 --> 01:34:30,840
to guide them in this way. With him gone and

1218
01:34:30,920 --> 01:34:35,800
with Mota gone, like you have these guys who are

1219
01:34:35,880 --> 01:34:41,319
in charge who are like totally going nuts.

1220
01:34:43,159 --> 01:34:43,760
Speaker 2: So there was a.

1221
01:34:45,520 --> 01:34:49,880
Speaker 3: Reporter named r. G. Waldeck, a female reporter who was

1222
01:34:50,000 --> 01:34:53,640
present in Romania nineteen forty to nineteen forty one, and

1223
01:34:53,720 --> 01:34:58,359
she said that the violent killing of Kadrianu only served

1224
01:34:58,399 --> 01:35:02,560
to cement his populaire and arouse interest in his cause.

1225
01:35:03,199 --> 01:35:07,079
So she wrote them to Romanian people. The captain remained

1226
01:35:07,079 --> 01:35:10,760
a saint and a martyr and the apostle of a

1227
01:35:10,760 --> 01:35:16,439
better Romania. So this did not have the cooling effect

1228
01:35:17,399 --> 01:35:23,119
that King Carol the second thought it would have. Basically,

1229
01:35:24,840 --> 01:35:31,119
by nineteen forty, King Carrol is forced to abdicate by

1230
01:35:34,600 --> 01:35:41,680
the fine fellow that we see here Antonescu. The government

1231
01:35:41,800 --> 01:35:48,479
is totally illegitimate at this point, and so in June

1232
01:35:48,560 --> 01:35:54,119
nineteen forty the legion enters the Romanian government, and three

1233
01:35:54,199 --> 01:35:58,800
legionaries are in the cabinet of Yon Giglortu. By July

1234
01:35:59,159 --> 01:36:02,479
again the shuffling of all these different political parties in

1235
01:36:02,520 --> 01:36:06,479
the cabinet is at its end. World War two is on.

1236
01:36:08,239 --> 01:36:12,560
The Soviet Union occupies Bessarabia and Northern Mukhovna, which are

1237
01:36:12,560 --> 01:36:15,399
those recent acquisitions up in the.

1238
01:36:15,319 --> 01:36:16,720
Speaker 2: North and northeast.

1239
01:36:17,199 --> 01:36:23,880
Speaker 3: It's Ukrainian territory that's still I believe, is still you know,

1240
01:36:24,119 --> 01:36:31,760
majority Hungarian. But in Ukraine today the Ukraine, I should say,

1241
01:36:32,439 --> 01:36:37,840
and the National Legionary state is proclaimed September nineteen forty,

1242
01:36:38,319 --> 01:36:40,279
like I said, King Carol, the second was forced to

1243
01:36:40,319 --> 01:36:43,960
abdicate and the Legion or the Iron Guard was the

1244
01:36:43,960 --> 01:36:49,199
only recognized political movement left in Romania. But immediately there

1245
01:36:49,239 --> 01:36:55,720
are struggles because the Legion wants to completely just go

1246
01:36:55,840 --> 01:37:00,560
nuts and take over, whereas Antonescu is trying to keep

1247
01:37:00,600 --> 01:37:08,039
them calm down and exercise power instead of getting revenge.

1248
01:37:08,159 --> 01:37:12,680
Quite yet, right, he doesn't think it's time for revenge. Antonescu,

1249
01:37:12,760 --> 01:37:17,359
being the best ally.

1250
01:37:16,000 --> 01:37:17,239
Speaker 2: Basically of.

1251
01:37:18,600 --> 01:37:23,800
Speaker 3: The Germans, allows German troops to enter Romania October nineteen forty.

1252
01:37:23,840 --> 01:37:27,600
Again it's important for them to do so because they'll

1253
01:37:27,640 --> 01:37:31,079
be able to defend Romania against the Soviet Union. At

1254
01:37:31,079 --> 01:37:37,119
this point, in November, Romania joins the Axis. The Legion,

1255
01:37:39,239 --> 01:37:41,760
like I said, began to go nuts, and at this

1256
01:37:41,960 --> 01:37:49,560
point there's a there's a bunch of imprisoned members of

1257
01:37:49,880 --> 01:37:55,960
previous governments who are in that Veresti prison where Kadrianu

1258
01:37:56,000 --> 01:38:00,600
had been in before, and Legion officials going and just

1259
01:38:00,720 --> 01:38:06,159
execute all of them, and then they start killing their

1260
01:38:06,319 --> 01:38:13,199
enemies on the street for revenge. And Antonescu is trying

1261
01:38:13,319 --> 01:38:18,239
to get them to see into the future and beyond

1262
01:38:20,000 --> 01:38:25,399
lashing out at this point and is not very successful

1263
01:38:25,399 --> 01:38:31,000
at it under Antonescu is part of policy of the

1264
01:38:31,119 --> 01:38:38,359
Romanian government, as was desired by something like seventy percent

1265
01:38:38,680 --> 01:38:46,600
of those in power in the old legislature. They begin

1266
01:38:46,720 --> 01:38:52,119
official expropriations of Jewish property, under which excesses take place.

1267
01:38:54,520 --> 01:39:01,000
They're barred from owning rural property, forests and river transport company's. Interestingly,

1268
01:39:02,840 --> 01:39:09,359
and during these expropriations there's all kinds of issues. And

1269
01:39:09,399 --> 01:39:15,039
in fact, this is where that whole correlation between you know,

1270
01:39:15,439 --> 01:39:21,680
the Yadvisham stories as to what Germany was involved in

1271
01:39:21,880 --> 01:39:25,800
or like official you know, Holocaust stuff, like a huge

1272
01:39:25,840 --> 01:39:29,159
amount of it was Romanians doing this stuff, and the

1273
01:39:29,239 --> 01:39:35,600
Romanian state as well as just partisans. Frankly, so, the

1274
01:39:35,720 --> 01:39:39,359
Legion is so out of control at this by January

1275
01:39:39,479 --> 01:39:44,720
nineteen forty one that Antonescu attempts to suppress their growing authority.

1276
01:39:45,840 --> 01:39:52,600
He's been replacing people in cabinets with army loyalists. There's

1277
01:39:52,720 --> 01:39:57,680
a legion rebellion. Not everybody participates in it, but the

1278
01:39:57,800 --> 01:40:04,000
upper upper tiers of the legion and go off. There's

1279
01:40:04,079 --> 01:40:07,960
a there's a description of a of a pogrim in

1280
01:40:08,039 --> 01:40:14,039
Bucharest that is purportedly carried out by the Legion at

1281
01:40:14,079 --> 01:40:19,720
this time, and again it's described as the Legion doing it,

1282
01:40:19,840 --> 01:40:24,159
but per my reading, it's it's a relatively small portion

1283
01:40:24,439 --> 01:40:28,600
of the Legion, but it gets the Legion crushed. Like

1284
01:40:28,800 --> 01:40:34,880
nine thousand legionnaires are arrested and I believe executed over

1285
01:40:34,920 --> 01:40:39,560
the next couple months. The vast majority been the knee,

1286
01:40:40,000 --> 01:40:44,720
you know, and excuse me, hundreds were killed, thousands were arrested,

1287
01:40:44,760 --> 01:40:48,560
Like nine thousand ended up spending a lot of time

1288
01:40:48,560 --> 01:40:55,760
in prison and surviving leadership fled Romania. So again, when

1289
01:40:56,399 --> 01:41:01,680
you read the official story, the end of the National

1290
01:41:01,800 --> 01:41:08,399
Legionary State in nineteen forty one is really just consolidation

1291
01:41:09,159 --> 01:41:16,760
and drew, excuse me, under Antonescu, the vast majority of

1292
01:41:16,920 --> 01:41:20,479
the Legion bends the knee and doesn't fight it out

1293
01:41:20,520 --> 01:41:24,960
with the government, and then kind of the rest is

1294
01:41:25,039 --> 01:41:28,960
history becomes it becomes Romania World War two.

1295
01:41:29,720 --> 01:41:31,720
Speaker 2: Well, you know, classic story.

1296
01:41:33,079 --> 01:41:34,880
Speaker 1: I don't think Thomas and I have talked about this

1297
01:41:34,960 --> 01:41:37,479
on the show, but we've definitely talked about it privately.

1298
01:41:37,880 --> 01:41:40,079
I'm not going to get deep into it because he's

1299
01:41:40,159 --> 01:41:42,560
the one better one to talk about it. But he

1300
01:41:42,680 --> 01:41:48,239
said that this even caused rifts between Hitler and the

1301
01:41:48,359 --> 01:41:51,399
SS and members of the SS because Hitler was one

1302
01:41:51,439 --> 01:41:56,039
hundred Yeah, Hitler was one hundred percent behind Antonescu, and

1303
01:41:56,079 --> 01:41:58,079
there were people in the SS who were one hundred

1304
01:41:58,119 --> 01:42:03,920
percent behind the Guard were actually working to subvert and

1305
01:42:04,000 --> 01:42:09,000
toon escue by helping the Guard. And yeah, that's uh,

1306
01:42:09,199 --> 01:42:10,920
Thomas needs to do an episode about that.

1307
01:42:12,199 --> 01:42:15,680
Speaker 3: It's it's very interesting, and he knows that he knows

1308
01:42:15,760 --> 01:42:22,399
the the goings on in on the German side far

1309
01:42:22,560 --> 01:42:28,760
better than I could hope to express. But long story short,

1310
01:42:29,680 --> 01:42:36,159
my assertion is that without Kadrianu, the Legion, the Iron

1311
01:42:36,199 --> 01:42:44,079
Guard wasn't a thing anymore, or it wasn't a it

1312
01:42:44,159 --> 01:42:51,239
wasn't a power, it couldn't be a power. Kadrianu was

1313
01:42:51,560 --> 01:42:56,199
the animating spirit that gave it that elevated state.

1314
01:42:57,159 --> 01:42:58,119
Speaker 2: Well, but I'll.

1315
01:42:57,920 --> 01:43:01,039
Speaker 3: Also point out that, yes, just the level of oppression

1316
01:43:01,079 --> 01:43:04,680
that they were under, like of course, of course they

1317
01:43:04,720 --> 01:43:10,199
would react that way. Of course because King Carol the

1318
01:43:10,239 --> 01:43:13,680
Second was not a legitimate reader, a leader, and that

1319
01:43:13,840 --> 01:43:16,720
their government had not been legitimate if it had ever

1320
01:43:16,760 --> 01:43:19,800
been legitimate, for a very long time, and the people

1321
01:43:19,840 --> 01:43:23,039
of Romania didn't see them as legitimate, which is why

1322
01:43:23,039 --> 01:43:29,039
they supported and Tenescu, and you know, so a very

1323
01:43:29,079 --> 01:43:36,319
strange balancing act. Everyone always saw the Legion in Quadrianu

1324
01:43:36,399 --> 01:43:41,079
in particular as a threat to the government, even when

1325
01:43:41,479 --> 01:43:46,760
they were supporting the people in what everyone said that

1326
01:43:46,840 --> 01:43:50,119
they wanted, whether or not they were ready for it.

1327
01:43:50,199 --> 01:43:55,319
So it's just one of these these tragedies. And I

1328
01:43:55,359 --> 01:44:00,600
feel comfortable wrapping up my presentation here with Vacilian Marines

1329
01:44:01,800 --> 01:44:05,760
quote here describing the Legion, and I see it kind

1330
01:44:05,800 --> 01:44:08,279
of as their their legacy and really what we should

1331
01:44:08,319 --> 01:44:13,920
think about. It's really quite motivating because it's not, like

1332
01:44:13,960 --> 01:44:17,119
I said before, it's not the way that they're described

1333
01:44:17,560 --> 01:44:23,840
in the like Wikipedia three paragraph summary. So Marine states

1334
01:44:23,960 --> 01:44:29,520
quote soaked in dynamism. Our movement is revolutionary. The Legion

1335
01:44:29,560 --> 01:44:32,560
promotes the creative spirit in all the fields of public

1336
01:44:32,600 --> 01:44:38,800
life and sincerely rejects conservatism. The Legion organizes the conquest

1337
01:44:38,840 --> 01:44:41,960
of the future with the help of all the productive

1338
01:44:42,000 --> 01:44:46,279
categories of the nation, and does not represent a reaction

1339
01:44:46,960 --> 01:44:48,359
toward the past.

1340
01:44:48,720 --> 01:44:54,520
Speaker 1: Elphine Well, I think it's safe to say that Kadrianu

1341
01:44:54,680 --> 01:44:59,119
was not only a leader, but he was a spiritual leader.

1342
01:44:59,439 --> 01:45:03,399
And once he once he was gone, there was no

1343
01:45:03,399 --> 01:45:09,079
one there to preach that message, to preach it from

1344
01:45:09,079 --> 01:45:13,960
that side, where now you just had a you know,

1345
01:45:14,039 --> 01:45:17,000
it was about violence and it was about force, and

1346
01:45:18,920 --> 01:45:21,920
the spiritual was gone.

1347
01:45:22,159 --> 01:45:26,319
Speaker 3: I what I would say is that given the size

1348
01:45:26,960 --> 01:45:30,520
of the legion by the time he was dead, though,

1349
01:45:30,760 --> 01:45:34,439
that it would have been much worse. It could have

1350
01:45:34,520 --> 01:45:39,479
easily been much worse in terms of just like misguided

1351
01:45:39,680 --> 01:45:48,039
jimp outs. But the core, the core group that participated

1352
01:45:48,079 --> 01:45:53,399
in that, you know, was fairly easily crushed because it

1353
01:45:53,560 --> 01:45:59,640
wasn't huge. It'd be really interesting to have more information

1354
01:46:00,159 --> 01:46:02,159
on that. But I agree with you, like he would,

1355
01:46:02,239 --> 01:46:07,079
he was this, This was a spiritual movement. It wasn't

1356
01:46:07,119 --> 01:46:12,119
just a political operation. It wasn't They weren't doing a politics,

1357
01:46:12,600 --> 01:46:15,600
they weren't doing an economics. They were just they were

1358
01:46:15,760 --> 01:46:21,359
living and they were living their platform, they were living

1359
01:46:21,439 --> 01:46:27,199
their program and just had a fundamentally different view than

1360
01:46:27,239 --> 01:46:31,760
the way we think about political parties and political movements.

1361
01:46:31,880 --> 01:46:37,039
And I think that's really important, you know, stripping away

1362
01:46:38,119 --> 01:46:41,760
the some of the activities and some of the allegations

1363
01:46:41,800 --> 01:46:42,359
about them.

1364
01:46:42,960 --> 01:46:44,039
Speaker 2: If you look at what they.

1365
01:46:43,920 --> 01:46:49,640
Speaker 3: Actually did, it was very very positive and productive and

1366
01:46:50,600 --> 01:46:56,760
there there was a there was a stamp published in

1367
01:46:56,880 --> 01:47:02,239
Romania for the fiftieth anniversary of the deaths of Mota

1368
01:47:02,520 --> 01:47:14,279
and Marine under communism, which is wild. The Romanian people,

1369
01:47:14,840 --> 01:47:17,720
you know, say what you will about what Romania is

1370
01:47:17,800 --> 01:47:20,199
right now. I'm certainly no expert on it. I've never

1371
01:47:20,279 --> 01:47:25,960
been there. I don't speak Romanian, but like there you

1372
01:47:26,159 --> 01:47:31,399
go on Romanian websites and like or look at videos

1373
01:47:31,439 --> 01:47:37,640
online from the kind of the the Legionary State period.

1374
01:47:37,800 --> 01:47:40,560
There's a bunch of German filmed color.

1375
01:47:42,079 --> 01:47:43,039
Speaker 2: Videos of.

1376
01:47:44,520 --> 01:47:54,119
Speaker 3: Antonescu and some you know, some legionnaires speaking, and it's

1377
01:47:54,199 --> 01:47:58,560
really interesting that just the massive number of people that

1378
01:47:58,600 --> 01:48:02,920
turn out for these things and the comments are filled

1379
01:48:03,840 --> 01:48:07,159
with comments in Romanian that are like in support of this,

1380
01:48:07,359 --> 01:48:12,760
like overwhelmingly like almost no opposition to it. So it's

1381
01:48:12,800 --> 01:48:18,920
really interesting. Even the even the academic papers that you'll see,

1382
01:48:19,279 --> 01:48:23,880
you know, that are in Romanian, are you know, you're

1383
01:48:23,920 --> 01:48:26,079
running through your translator and you're like, oh, this is

1384
01:48:26,279 --> 01:48:30,000
relatively neutral talking about you know, really spending a lot

1385
01:48:30,039 --> 01:48:32,960
of time talking about the problems with like King Carroll

1386
01:48:33,039 --> 01:48:37,960
and the government and all that, and you know, people

1387
01:48:38,159 --> 01:48:42,680
people genuinely supported these guys because they because they supported

1388
01:48:42,680 --> 01:48:44,960
the people and they were doing something totally different.

1389
01:48:47,680 --> 01:48:52,119
Speaker 1: All right, right, promote, promote away, Go ahead, Carl.

1390
01:48:53,479 --> 01:48:58,039
Speaker 3: Uh, Thanks Pete. Another classic Carl Doll appearance on The

1391
01:48:58,800 --> 01:49:07,239
un To Show. You can find more of my stuff,

1392
01:49:07,399 --> 01:49:12,960
including my effort posts on substack Carldall dot substack dot com.

1393
01:49:13,000 --> 01:49:15,640
That's k A R L d a h L dot

1394
01:49:15,680 --> 01:49:20,760
substack dot com. I have two novels on Amazon. That's

1395
01:49:20,760 --> 01:49:23,000
the best way to support me. It's the only way

1396
01:49:23,039 --> 01:49:26,560
to give me monies is to buy book. My most

1397
01:49:26,640 --> 01:49:30,800
recent is Faction with the Crusaders, which is a nationalist

1398
01:49:30,840 --> 01:49:35,560
sympathetic tale from the period of the Spanish Civil War.

1399
01:49:38,319 --> 01:49:38,600
Speaker 2: Nice.

1400
01:49:38,640 --> 01:49:41,880
Speaker 1: I just couldn't believe how you started that. It was like, oh,

1401
01:49:42,079 --> 01:49:44,479
just throw me right into the middle of something. Thank

1402
01:49:44,520 --> 01:49:47,159
you got your attention.

1403
01:49:47,399 --> 01:49:52,159
Speaker 2: Yeah awesome.

1404
01:49:52,760 --> 01:49:55,560
Speaker 1: Finally getting around to read it, I apologize.

1405
01:49:55,600 --> 01:49:58,520
Speaker 2: You know I read a lot, so I know you

1406
01:49:58,560 --> 01:49:59,039
read a lot.

1407
01:49:59,119 --> 01:50:02,039
Speaker 1: Believe me, I I do, all right, man, Until the

1408
01:50:02,039 --> 01:50:04,079
next time, muscle mess.

1409
01:50:04,479 --> 01:50:05,000
Speaker 2: Thanks being