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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Roger Bassik.

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<v Speaker 2>And I'm Marina Sante. Spotslight uses a special English method

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<v Speaker 2>of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no

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<v Speaker 2>matter where in the world they live.

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<v Speaker 3>I bought poison. I met him at McDonald's.

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<v Speaker 1>A police station in Puna, India. Officers are investigating a murder.

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<v Speaker 1>They believe that Adity Charmad gave poison to her former

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<v Speaker 1>boyfriend and killed him. An officer reads out some statements.

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<v Speaker 1>They describe how the police think the murder happened. They

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<v Speaker 1>have placed a special covering on her head. There are

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<v Speaker 1>thirty two electrodes attached to it. These electrodes carry electrical

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<v Speaker 1>messages from the brain to the machine. But Aditi does

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<v Speaker 1>not say anything. She does not need to. The machine

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<v Speaker 1>shows how Aditi's brain reacts. It is reading her brain.

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<v Speaker 2>Today's sponse LIGHTE is on telling the truth? Can technology

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<v Speaker 2>force people to tell the truth? Is it possible to

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<v Speaker 2>never lie at all?

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<v Speaker 1>In June two thousand and eight, Aditi Charmant was found

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<v Speaker 1>guilty of murdering her former boyfriend Udit Barti. It was

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<v Speaker 1>the first time in the world that brain reading technology

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<v Speaker 1>had been used as evidence in a trial.

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<v Speaker 2>The machine showed that Aditi remembered the events of the murder.

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<v Speaker 2>The judge decided that that meant Aditi must have been

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<v Speaker 2>involve in the murder. But not everyone thought the judge

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<v Speaker 2>was right to trust the brain reading machine. Scientists in

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<v Speaker 2>India did not agree that the machine always produced the

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<v Speaker 2>correct results.

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<v Speaker 1>India is not the only place that has brain reading machines.

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<v Speaker 1>Some groups in the United States also use similar technologies,

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<v Speaker 1>but these machines work in a different way. The machines

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<v Speaker 1>measure how blood flows through the brain. A person answers

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<v Speaker 1>questions while an expert watches the machine. The machine shows

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<v Speaker 1>which parts of the brain the person is using, so

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<v Speaker 1>experts can work out if the person was lying or

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<v Speaker 1>telling the truth. People who have been accused of lying

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<v Speaker 1>can pay to use the machine. It can help to

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<v Speaker 1>show if the person is being honest, but unlike in India,

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<v Speaker 1>these results are not yet usable in US courts.

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<v Speaker 2>Truth telling machines sound like something out of a story

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<v Speaker 2>book about the future. In fact, many writers have written

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<v Speaker 2>about similar machines. In nineteen ninety six, James Halperin wrote

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<v Speaker 2>a science fiction book called The Truth Machine. It described

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<v Speaker 2>a machine that shows if people are telling the truth.

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<v Speaker 2>Alperin is surprised at how quickly his ideas about the

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<v Speaker 2>future have become true. He spoke to the website Reason

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<v Speaker 2>online about brain reading technology.

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<v Speaker 4>He said, it is happening much faster than I thought

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<v Speaker 4>it would. I was talking about the idea of a

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<v Speaker 4>truth machine back in the nineteen nineties. I had a

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<v Speaker 4>friend who was a brain scientist. He told me that

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<v Speaker 4>it would take fifty years if ever, before such a

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<v Speaker 4>thing could be created. I chose the year twenty twenty

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<v Speaker 4>four as the date this was so the idea would

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<v Speaker 4>not seem too impossible.

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<v Speaker 1>Some people are now worried about the use of brain

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<v Speaker 1>reading technology. They say that using such a machine would

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<v Speaker 1>be morally wrong. They say people's thoughts should be their own.

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<v Speaker 1>It should not be legal for anyone to read the

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<v Speaker 1>thoughts and memories of other people. This could affect a

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<v Speaker 1>person's basic freedom. However, other people say that the technology

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<v Speaker 1>could be used in good ways. The machine could stop

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<v Speaker 1>criminals from lying to police. It could also mean that

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<v Speaker 1>no one will ever be tortured again.

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<v Speaker 2>The technology is still not completely established. Many experts still

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<v Speaker 2>think it needs better testing before it can be used

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<v Speaker 2>for importance matters. But what if this machine was used

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<v Speaker 2>more and more? What would the world be like if

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<v Speaker 2>we could force everyone to tell the truth? Would the

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<v Speaker 2>world be a better place or would a truth machine

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<v Speaker 2>create too many problems.

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<v Speaker 1>Most people believe it is generally wrong to lie. Many

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<v Speaker 1>religions also teach this. For example, the Christian Bible includes

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<v Speaker 1>the command do not lie about other people. Some of

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<v Speaker 1>the world's greatest thinkers or philosophers have also written about lying.

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<v Speaker 1>One of these philosophers was Immanuel kat He lived in

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<v Speaker 1>Germany in the eighteenth century. He said that lying was

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<v Speaker 1>always morally wrong. He believed that actions were only good

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<v Speaker 1>if these actions could work as a law for everyone,

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<v Speaker 1>but lying went against this. He said if everyone lied

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<v Speaker 1>all the time, then life would become extremely difficult.

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<v Speaker 2>Another philosopher who wrote about lying was Saint Augustine. He

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<v Speaker 2>was a Christian teacher who in the fourth century wrote

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<v Speaker 2>a book called on Lying.

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<v Speaker 5>He said, it seems to me that every lie is wrong. However,

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<v Speaker 5>there are different kinds of lies. These depend on the

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<v Speaker 5>reason and subject of the lie. Someone may lie to

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<v Speaker 5>try and be helpful. He does not do wrong as

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<v Speaker 5>much as someone who lies to be evil.

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<v Speaker 1>However, in some situations it is difficult to avoid telling lies.

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<v Speaker 1>For example, someone prepares a meal for you, but you

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<v Speaker 1>do not like it. Is it right to lie to

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<v Speaker 1>that person or will it just hurt their feelings for

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<v Speaker 1>no reason. One man who faced this issue was Cahol Moro.

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<v Speaker 1>In two thousand and eight, he decided not to lie

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<v Speaker 1>for a whole year. He wanted to experience the issues

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<v Speaker 1>created when someone only told the truth. Kahol Morro is

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<v Speaker 1>British but lives with his family in Spain. He finished

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<v Speaker 1>his truth telling program in two thousand and nine. Before

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<v Speaker 1>he started the project, he said.

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<v Speaker 3>Lying just gets easier. Once you open the door, there

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<v Speaker 3>seems little reason to close it. Thinking about it, I

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<v Speaker 3>suppose I do lie a little, but I only tell

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<v Speaker 3>an acceptable number of small lies. I often tell people

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<v Speaker 3>what I think they would like to hear. This is

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<v Speaker 3>instead of what I truly think. Do I lie to

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<v Speaker 3>be liked to be nice? Because it's easy.

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<v Speaker 2>Kathle Morrow wrote a book about his year of truth telling.

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<v Speaker 2>For most people never lie. It is just too difficult.

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<v Speaker 2>But for many philosophers and religious leaders, these questions about

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<v Speaker 2>truth and lies are very important. As Kathle Morrow said,

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<v Speaker 2>it is easy to open the door to lies, but

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<v Speaker 2>it is much more difficult to close it again, do.

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<v Speaker 1>You prefer people who tell you the truth? How often

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<v Speaker 1>do you find yourself lying because it is easier than

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<v Speaker 1>telling others the truth? Tell us what you think. You

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<v Speaker 1>can leave a comment on our website at www dot

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<v Speaker 1>Spotlight English dot com. You can also find us on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram,

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<v Speaker 1>Blue Sky n X. You can also get our programs

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<v Speaker 1>delivered directly to your andriter Apple device through our free

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<v Speaker 1>official Spotlight English app.

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<v Speaker 2>The writer of this program was from the Spotslight team.

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<v Speaker 2>The producer was mitchio Ozaki. The voice as you heard

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<v Speaker 2>were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All

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<v Speaker 2>quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotslight.

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<v Speaker 2>This program is called truth Telling.

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<v Speaker 1>We hope you can join us again for the next

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<v Speaker 1>Spotlight Advanced program. Goodbye,