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<v Speaker 3>Oh hello, and welcome to an episode of Smologies where

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<v Speaker 3>we have taken a full length episode like this one

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<v Speaker 3>from a few years back and condensed it and decursed

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<v Speaker 3>it so it is safe for all ages and sensitive

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<v Speaker 3>years who are interested in learning. There are more Smologies

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<v Speaker 3>episodes available to download at Alleyward dot com slash Smologies,

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<v Speaker 3>the links and the show notes.

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<v Speaker 4>Let's go, Oh hey, it's your fourth cousin twice removed

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<v Speaker 4>ali Ward back with a familial historical of ologies. So

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<v Speaker 4>you were here because people made babies with each other

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<v Speaker 4>and out of all of the gammats.

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<v Speaker 3>You became a collection of molecules, and you're suspended in

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<v Speaker 3>a web of family. Even a cockroach technically has grandparents

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<v Speaker 3>and cousins.

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<v Speaker 4>Isn't that weird?

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<v Speaker 3>Your cat might have an uncle, And if you have children,

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<v Speaker 3>gaze at them. They may have children who have children,

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<v Speaker 3>and then those children's might not even know your name. Okay, genealogy.

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<v Speaker 4>So genealogy comes.

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<v Speaker 3>From the root word gena, meaning to give birth to you,

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<v Speaker 3>like genesis, and genealogy is not the study of genetics

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<v Speaker 3>and how DNA works. That's just called genetics. So this

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<v Speaker 3>week's alogist, I suppose, has been in this field for

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<v Speaker 3>three decades, starting as a personal passion that just consumed

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<v Speaker 3>him into making it a job. And I was introduced

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<v Speaker 3>to him by someone who worked to publish his latest book,

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<v Speaker 3>which is called sixteen nineteen twenty Africans, and I immediately

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<v Speaker 3>ordered the book. I was so happy he was down

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<v Speaker 3>to pop into a sound move in Portland to chat

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<v Speaker 3>with me about his passion tracing family histories and chasing

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<v Speaker 3>down records, and also about mystery novels and capes. Questions

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<v Speaker 3>you should ask your relatives US history and how we

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<v Speaker 3>treat the past, the joy of cracking a case, DNA

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<v Speaker 3>tests technology, and how everywhere you look there's family. So

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<v Speaker 3>pull up a chair and absorb the stories of two

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<v Speaker 3>time author Total Peach, distant relative to Tom Hanks and

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<v Speaker 3>perhaps your relative as well.

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<v Speaker 5>Genealogist Steven tanksology, psnology, knowlogies.

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<v Speaker 3>And now you are a genealogist. Yes, and you've been

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<v Speaker 3>a genealogist for quite a while now.

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<v Speaker 6>Yeah, I started like in eighty nine. Yeah, but I

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<v Speaker 6>was like, God, how old was I? I was, oh,

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<v Speaker 6>about thirty years old. And that's I got the bug.

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<v Speaker 6>I was over at my dad's house that day and

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<v Speaker 6>summer July, and he was watching the baseball game and

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<v Speaker 6>he handed me this letter that he got from a

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<v Speaker 6>cousin in Kansas, and he says, read this. And of

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<v Speaker 6>course I didn't know anything about my family's history. You know,

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<v Speaker 6>I'm just a kid growing up for Snority. And so

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<v Speaker 6>he shows me this letter. I started reading at the

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<v Speaker 6>obituary of a newspaper, and all these relatives and names

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<v Speaker 6>are listed in this obituary, and so my dad's side

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<v Speaker 6>of the family, and I just said, wow, I don't

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<v Speaker 6>know who these people are. And that's what got it started.

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<v Speaker 6>Right there, I said, I got to find out who

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<v Speaker 6>these people are. I got to find out about the

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<v Speaker 6>history of my family. And so that's how it got started.

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<v Speaker 6>Eighty nine.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, and what was the first thing you did? Back

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<v Speaker 3>in eighty nine? We had libraries and microfiche and.

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<v Speaker 6>Do some system no microfilm readers, yeah, the micropace. Totally,

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<v Speaker 6>no Internet, no clicking of the mouse. You know, it

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<v Speaker 6>was old school.

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<v Speaker 3>All the way. In old school ways involved making the

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<v Speaker 3>two to three hour drive from Portland to Seattle's National Archives.

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<v Speaker 3>And no, you can't just jump on the Information super Highway.

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<v Speaker 3>A lot of those ledgers and records haven't even been digitized.

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<v Speaker 3>So genealogy research, like family trees, still has its roots

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<v Speaker 3>in the past.

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<v Speaker 6>Well, when I started getting interested in this field and

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<v Speaker 6>wanting to learn more, I had to learn the rules

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<v Speaker 6>of the game and how the professional genealogist did it.

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<v Speaker 6>And so I learned about census records, tax records, land

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<v Speaker 6>deeds and all that sort of thing, courthouse records and

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<v Speaker 6>just on and on and on museums. So I said, well,

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<v Speaker 6>let me start with the census records. That sounds pretty

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<v Speaker 6>easy enough. You know, every ten years, they have a census,

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<v Speaker 6>and of course they put a privacy restriction on the

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<v Speaker 6>first seventy years they know least to the public. So

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<v Speaker 6>the most recent census that was available to me at

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<v Speaker 6>that time was, I believe, the nineteen twenty census. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 6>nineteen twenty. I found my grandparents' names. I said, okay,

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<v Speaker 6>I'm on the right track, and I just started working

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<v Speaker 6>my way back. But it started getting tricky as you get,

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<v Speaker 6>you know, further back in time. And that's what even

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<v Speaker 6>got me more excited, because you know, I'm like a detective,

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<v Speaker 6>you know, like the Perry Mason, you know, you know,

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<v Speaker 6>just started looking under the rocks, and so went to

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<v Speaker 6>nineteen ten, a nineteen hundred census, and this was really

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<v Speaker 6>getting exciting. I finally was able to locate my great grandparents,

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<v Speaker 6>knew their names, and it just blew me away. Found

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<v Speaker 6>them in Kansas and found out that they had moved

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<v Speaker 6>to Kansas from Mississippi under a different set of living

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<v Speaker 6>as you as you know where I'm coming from, you know, slavery,

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<v Speaker 6>you know, kind of the slavery thing. So that was

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<v Speaker 6>a big chakaru.

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<v Speaker 3>But Stephen's first book was twenty thirteen's a key tree

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<v Speaker 3>a descendants quest for his slave ancestors on the Eskridge plantations.

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<v Speaker 3>And he has such an amazing way of writing about

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<v Speaker 3>the process of genealogy through his own narrative, and how

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<v Speaker 3>one discovery can kind of ignite another the.

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<v Speaker 6>Further you go back in time. I was able to

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<v Speaker 6>find them on the eighteen eighty census. The eighteen ninety census,

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<v Speaker 6>I guess was burned in a fire in nineteen twenty one.

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<v Speaker 6>So that's yeah, that's something that you have to live with.

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<v Speaker 6>The eighteen ninety census has gone forever.

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<v Speaker 3>Stephen told me that through the eighteen seventy census he

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<v Speaker 3>discovered that his grandparents lived in a little town called

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<v Speaker 3>duck Hill, Mississippi, hailing from what is now Montgomery County,

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<v Speaker 3>the same place that Oprah Winfrey's family is from.

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<v Speaker 4>Small world, a big.

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<v Speaker 3>Deal, given that Oprah Winfrey is like the closest thing

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<v Speaker 3>this country has had to a queen.

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<v Speaker 6>When I got to that point, I was just in heabit,

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<v Speaker 6>you know. But the problem is, you know, you going

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<v Speaker 6>beyond eighteen seventy is is the trick for you know,

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<v Speaker 6>as far as African American genealogy, because as we all know,

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<v Speaker 6>you know Abraham Lincoln, he ended slavery. We know that

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<v Speaker 6>in eighteen sixty five or ageing sixty three. Some say

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<v Speaker 6>because the Antancipation Proclamation, and like I had mentioned here earlier,

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<v Speaker 6>I found my parents or my great grandparents on the

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<v Speaker 6>eighteen seventy census. That was the first time ali that

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<v Speaker 6>African Americans were listed on a federal census for the

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<v Speaker 6>first time as far as everyone, because it was five

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<v Speaker 6>years after the end of the Civil War, and so

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<v Speaker 6>now everyone was just you know, a regular citizen, you know,

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<v Speaker 6>the way it was supposed to be. But if you

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<v Speaker 6>want to go further back eighteen sixty, well then you're

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<v Speaker 6>going back into the old system of things when the

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<v Speaker 6>South was at its peak and the cotton was king

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<v Speaker 6>and all that. So ageen sixty that's when you really

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<v Speaker 6>get into the struggle of trying to identify who your

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<v Speaker 6>parents are and your ancestors. I should say. Now, for

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<v Speaker 6>some people, they have what they call free people of color.

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<v Speaker 6>I learned about that as I became a genealogist. There

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<v Speaker 6>were some people who had the designation they were a

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<v Speaker 6>free person of color, meaning they were emancipated or they

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<v Speaker 6>were set free. A long time ago, maybe eighteen hundreds,

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<v Speaker 6>and their family just were free all the way up

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<v Speaker 6>right through the Civil War. Everything. They were just cruising.

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<v Speaker 6>They were free, and so they never had that problem

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<v Speaker 6>of being found on the census record because their family

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<v Speaker 6>had always been free.

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<v Speaker 3>Free people of color by the bye or heard you

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<v Speaker 3>as free people of color, and just the distinction is

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<v Speaker 3>a very painful reminder that they were the exception and

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<v Speaker 3>not the rule.

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<v Speaker 6>So the further you go back in time, it just

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<v Speaker 6>gets harder and harder to locate your family if your

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<v Speaker 6>ancestry or your inheritance was slavery. But it can be done.

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<v Speaker 6>It can be done.

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<v Speaker 3>You've had a long history of going into you musty

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<v Speaker 3>bookshelves and microfesion all the way up to internet into

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<v Speaker 3>DNA tests and you know, genealogy. The field expands, it

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<v Speaker 3>seems like, you know, every year with technology. And yes,

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<v Speaker 3>how has the advent of you know, consumer DNA tests

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<v Speaker 3>changed what you do and how you research.

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<v Speaker 6>It's very interesting. It's a very interesting question. When I

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<v Speaker 6>first took the test and got the results back and

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<v Speaker 6>all these I had, like about I think it was

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<v Speaker 6>like two thousand connections of people that were related to

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<v Speaker 6>me and They did it from the highest ratio down

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<v Speaker 6>to the lowest racial and so I could look at

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<v Speaker 6>my top twenty, you know, and say, wow, these are

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<v Speaker 6>really close to me.

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<v Speaker 3>So Stephen has taken two DNA tests and his father

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<v Speaker 3>before he passed away, also took one, and their raw

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<v Speaker 3>data led them to the s Gridge family name he

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<v Speaker 3>was already familiar with, which validated the technology for him.

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<v Speaker 3>He was like, Oh this works.

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<v Speaker 6>That did validate that that this this DNA stuff is

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<v Speaker 6>for real because I did know their names and they

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<v Speaker 6>did show up and they're on my mother's side, but

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<v Speaker 6>not on my father's side showed up.

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<v Speaker 4>How does that work?

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<v Speaker 3>And I might have to look this up? But how

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<v Speaker 3>does that work with like the mitochondrial eve and th

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<v Speaker 3>coming down from the X chromosomes? Like do we tend

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<v Speaker 3>to find out more about our our maternal sides when

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<v Speaker 3>we take DNA tests? Then we do? Paternal mitochondrial eve

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<v Speaker 3>side note has become the pop cultural name of the

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<v Speaker 3>most recent known maternal ancestor that we all share. Because

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<v Speaker 3>mitochondrial DNA is only passed on through maternal lineage, scientists

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<v Speaker 3>do not love this biblical name, as it's misleading from

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<v Speaker 3>a narrative standpoint, Let's say, but this mitochondrial eve is

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<v Speaker 3>what's called an mrca most recent common ancestor, and she

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<v Speaker 3>can vary depending on genetic discoveries. So if a more

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<v Speaker 3>recent common ancestor lineage is discovered, for example, it's a

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<v Speaker 3>different mitochondrial eve, but yes, all related, all of us wild.

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<v Speaker 6>For a female that wants to do genealogy and using

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<v Speaker 6>the DNA tool, in order for them to learn more

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<v Speaker 6>about their father's side, they need to try to see

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<v Speaker 6>if they have a brother they can take the test,

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<v Speaker 6>or their father or an uncle, you know, anyone on

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<v Speaker 6>the paternal side.

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<v Speaker 3>This side note is called a Y chromosome test, and

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<v Speaker 3>it's helpful to figure out, say, if two families with

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<v Speaker 3>the same surname are indeed genetic relatives. So ladies, surprise

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<v Speaker 3>your dad or brother with a DNA test. It's a

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<v Speaker 3>gift that just keeps giving you information. And then of

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<v Speaker 3>course there's the mitochondrial DNA test you can do. Everyone

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<v Speaker 3>has their mom's mitochondrial DNA and this is helpful because

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<v Speaker 3>historically women's history can be erased or at least very

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<v Speaker 3>illegibly smudged by the taking of surnames and I actually

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<v Speaker 3>I told our listeners that I was going to be

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<v Speaker 3>talking to you today and they sent in questions, Can

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<v Speaker 3>I ask you some questions for so absolutely? Okay, great,

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<v Speaker 3>like literally hundreds of questions. I know, everyone's so excited. Okay,

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<v Speaker 3>But before we dive into your genealogical queries. As you know,

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<v Speaker 3>each episode we donate to a relevant charity, and one

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<v Speaker 3>that Steven advocates for is black Past dot org. And

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<v Speaker 3>Black Past is dedicated to providing a global audience with

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<v Speaker 3>reliable and accurate information on the history of African America

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<v Speaker 3>and people of African ancestry around the world, and they

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<v Speaker 3>aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge and to

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<v Speaker 3>generate constructive change in our society. They have over six

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<v Speaker 3>thousand pages of genealogical resources and history available and again

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<v Speaker 3>are at Blackpast dot org. So that donation was made

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<v Speaker 3>possible by some sponsors of the show, which you may

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<v Speaker 3>hear about. Now, okay, let's hop into your questions. What's

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<v Speaker 3>the best place to start to actually look into family history?

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<v Speaker 3>What are some questions that we should be asking ourselves

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<v Speaker 3>and our family and professionals like librarians in order to

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<v Speaker 3>look into our history.

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<v Speaker 6>Great question. So the first thing to do when you

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<v Speaker 6>want to get started on your genealogy is start assembling

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<v Speaker 6>your family tree and ask questions from your family if

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<v Speaker 6>they're still living, if your father who's still living, or

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<v Speaker 6>your mother's still living, or grandparents, whoever's closest to you

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<v Speaker 6>that's still alive, even your siblings. Sometimes your siblings have

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<v Speaker 6>more of a recollection than you do. I know sometimes

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<v Speaker 6>my brother be coming up with stuff I don't even remember.

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<v Speaker 6>He'd be telling me, yeah, and that's all.

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<v Speaker 3>Wow, I didn't know that.

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<v Speaker 6>So just sit down with a pen and paper and

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<v Speaker 6>just start making a list on the paternal side, your

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<v Speaker 6>father's side, and the maternal side your mother's side, and

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<v Speaker 6>then just start going from there. List your parents first,

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<v Speaker 6>and then list their parents. Put down where they were

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<v Speaker 6>born obviously if you have that information where they died,

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<v Speaker 6>If you can find the county name of where they

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<v Speaker 6>were born or die, that even helps to find out

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<v Speaker 6>what year they were married. Like your grandparents, find out

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<v Speaker 6>how did they meet each other. That's always been such

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<v Speaker 6>a fascinating question to me is how did the grandparents

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<v Speaker 6>meet each other or the great grandparents, how did they

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<v Speaker 6>meet each other? And go to the family closet, you know,

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<v Speaker 6>or wherever, whoever's the one that's holding the records in

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<v Speaker 6>the family, you know, whatever blanks you have, fill in

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<v Speaker 6>the blanks by interviewing your relatives. And when you interview,

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<v Speaker 6>you know, someone that's really old, what does that mean?

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<v Speaker 6>Really old? Sometimes I feel I'm really old. But when

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<v Speaker 6>you interview a parent or a grandparent, I even asked him,

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<v Speaker 6>is it okay if I can record it, and that

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<v Speaker 6>way you're not missing anything.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, that's great. And you also, like learn so much

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<v Speaker 3>about your family. Who doesn't want to learn more about

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<v Speaker 3>people's histories that are right around them. I think that's

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<v Speaker 3>such a good bonding project too, you know. Yeah, So

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<v Speaker 3>treat yourself to a nice new notebook, threw a pot

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<v Speaker 3>of tea, and then sit down and interrogate a loved

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<v Speaker 3>one gently.

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<v Speaker 6>Rachel C.

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<v Speaker 3>Wrote in she had a great question and said, I've

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<v Speaker 3>heard that out of a group of three people, two

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<v Speaker 3>black and one white, it is just as likely for

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<v Speaker 3>a black and white person to be more related as

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<v Speaker 3>it is for the two black individuals to be more

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<v Speaker 3>closely related. If that is really the case, then what

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<v Speaker 3>the heck is race anyway? And why does it persist

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<v Speaker 3>in modern times.

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<v Speaker 6>It's so true. That is so true. I mean, race

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<v Speaker 6>is just just a classification. We're all related. It's interesting

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<v Speaker 6>the book that I just recent came out with sixteen

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<v Speaker 6>nineteen twenty Africans. One of the points I mentioned in

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<v Speaker 6>the book is that when those Africans came to Virginia

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<v Speaker 6>in the year sixteen nineteen, they didn't come as slaves

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<v Speaker 6>as we know it as slaves that come to our minds.

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<v Speaker 6>They were indentured servants, and so they didn't have the

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<v Speaker 6>disigation of being slaves. So what that meant was indentured servants,

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<v Speaker 6>just like those that were coming from England. They worked

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<v Speaker 6>for a certain period of time. They were indentured to

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<v Speaker 6>their employer, and so those Africans were indentured. Once they

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<v Speaker 6>served their time, they were given their freedom, just like

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<v Speaker 6>all the other indentured servants. Virginia wasn't until seventeen oh

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<v Speaker 6>five is when the slavery laws, you know, the really

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<v Speaker 6>hardened slavery laws came into being, was in the year

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<v Speaker 6>seventeen oh five. So what I also found out was

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<v Speaker 6>that a lot of the African families that were free

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<v Speaker 6>in the early part of our colonial history, they were intermarrying,

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<v Speaker 6>the Irish, with the Native Americans, with the Germans. They

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<v Speaker 6>were intermarrying, they were becoming a family. Many of the

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<v Speaker 6>American families that are in this country today. Whatever surname

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<v Speaker 6>you want to use, Johnson, Smith, whatever, If your family's

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<v Speaker 6>been in this country for you know, going back to

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<v Speaker 6>colonial times or even the American Revolution times, chances are

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<v Speaker 6>you are a mixed family. Chances are you're a mixed family,

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<v Speaker 6>you know, in some way, shape or form, in one

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<v Speaker 6>way or another in Native America or it's just a fact,

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<v Speaker 6>but that is not taught in our schools. It's not

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<v Speaker 6>taught in our history books that there were at least

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<v Speaker 6>two or three generations of free people before slavery laws

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<v Speaker 6>even were passed. There was a lot of African families

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<v Speaker 6>that were able to buy land. You can do that

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<v Speaker 6>as a slave. You can buy land. They could sit

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<v Speaker 6>on juries, they could barter in trade. So your listener

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<v Speaker 6>brings up a very good question there that chances are,

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<v Speaker 6>if you have three people, and if you're white and

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<v Speaker 6>the other one's black, you're probably just as much related

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<v Speaker 6>as the two persons that are of the same race.

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<v Speaker 3>What is your favorite thing about genealogy? What just like

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<v Speaker 3>fills you with butterflies or just makes you love it.

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<v Speaker 6>Wow. The thing that makes me always love genealogy is

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<v Speaker 6>being able to go on the hunt, go on the

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<v Speaker 6>search to try to find to find someone's brick wall,

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<v Speaker 6>someone who you know. And what I mean by brick

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<v Speaker 6>wall for any of your listeners is you just comeing

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<v Speaker 6>to a point where you can't go any further in

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<v Speaker 6>your research. You just you come to a brick wall.

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<v Speaker 6>You just you've exhausted all your avenues and you just

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<v Speaker 6>don't know where to go. You just don't know who

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<v Speaker 6>this person is, where, who their parents were, or whatever

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<v Speaker 6>the question is. And I just love to take that

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<v Speaker 6>brick wall and try to see if I can go

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<v Speaker 6>through it. I just love that, you know, just taking

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<v Speaker 6>on that challenge. And then once you're finding you're like, oh, yes,

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<v Speaker 6>you know, it's just one. I love it.

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<v Speaker 3>Do you wear a cape? Do you have a big

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<v Speaker 3>type and a cake?

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<v Speaker 6>I got a cape on right now, a big mustache

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<v Speaker 6>right with the old pipe. Yeah, no nonologies.

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<v Speaker 3>So find the most wonderful smart people and ask them questions,

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<v Speaker 3>and before you know it, you might be staying on

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<v Speaker 3>a plane and discover the person next to you is

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<v Speaker 3>your fifth step cousin in law four times removed, and

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<v Speaker 3>you might know them the rest of your life. So

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<v Speaker 3>to get copies of Stephen Hanks books, you can go

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<v Speaker 3>to the links in the show notes or ink water Press.

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<v Speaker 3>You can also find links to the sponsor URLs and

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<v Speaker 3>blackpast dot org in the show notes. We are at

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<v Speaker 3>ologies on Twitter and Instagram. I'm at ali word with

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<v Speaker 3>one L on both, so follow along. Let's be friends

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<v Speaker 3>and in the interest of keeping things small around here,

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<v Speaker 3>the full credits are listed in the show notes. More

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<v Speaker 3>Sosmologies episodes are available at aliword dot com, slash smologies

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<v Speaker 3>and before I go, I usually give you a tiny

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<v Speaker 3>piece of advice, and this week it's that if you

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<v Speaker 3>have something to do that you don't want to forget,

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<v Speaker 3>what I like to do sometimes is pick up a

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<v Speaker 3>little pebble and put it in my pocket. That way,

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<v Speaker 3>all day, I'll all the pebble and I'll think I

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<v Speaker 3>gotta do that thing. At the end of the day,

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<v Speaker 3>when you take off your pants, if there's a pebble

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<v Speaker 3>in your pocket, you know had to do that thing.

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<v Speaker 3>So sometimes a pebble in the pocket will help jog

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<v Speaker 3>your memory. I hope that helps. Okay, until next time, smallogites,

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<v Speaker 3>byebye jet.

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<v Speaker 4>Salagy poxious smages.

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<v Speaker 7>Get value. You can't argue with ant Tesco with their

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<v Speaker 7>amazing club card prices. Have the perfect night in with

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00:19:41.759 --> 00:19:44.880
<v Speaker 7>their finest frozen pizza meal deal. Get the finest frozen pizza,

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00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:47.720
<v Speaker 7>chips and ice cream all for six euroo. Like our

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00:19:47.759 --> 00:19:50.880
<v Speaker 7>delicious spicy salami, hot honey and do you or Margarito

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00:19:50.920 --> 00:19:54.200
<v Speaker 7>wood fired pizzas served up with their crispy chunkie chips

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00:19:54.279 --> 00:19:57.319
<v Speaker 7>and ice cream like sea salta caramel or pistachio for dessert.

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<v Speaker 7>Can't argue with that. Shop in store line Tesco. Every

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<v Speaker 7>Little Helps available in most stories. Prices vary in express