Speaker 1: Hello, and thanks for joining us here on Pastor Rick's
Speaker 1: Daily Hope, the audio broadcast ministry of Pastor Rick Warren. Today,
Speaker 1: Rick continues teaching a series called Connecting with God the
Speaker 1: Lord's Prayer. In these lessons, Rick shows you what it
Speaker 1: means to truly be spiritually connected to God and to
Speaker 1: each other through the power of God's Love and God's Word.
Speaker 1: In just a little while, we're going to tell you
Speaker 1: how to get the Lord's Prayer Words of Hope and
Speaker 1: Happiness gift book. This life giving resource will help you
Speaker 1: strengthen the hope of the children you love by introducing
Speaker 1: them to the Lord's Prayer. Go to Pastorick dot com
Speaker 1: to find out more, or text the word Daily to
Speaker 1: eight hundred six hundred five thousand and four. That's Pastorick
Speaker 1: dot com. Or the word Daily to eight hundred six
Speaker 1: hundred five thousand and four. Right now, here's Pastor Rick
Speaker 1: with part two of a message called the Prayer of Cleansing.
Speaker 2: When my sister was young growing up, I used to
Speaker 2: steal her money all the time. I knew where she
Speaker 2: kept it. I'd go into her room, find her money,
Speaker 2: take it. Go buy an album, Go buy comics, Go
Speaker 2: buy some candy. She probably wondered where all her money went.
Speaker 2: But I even figured out how you could take two
Speaker 2: forks and stick into her piggy bak and shake it
Speaker 2: upside down and the money would fall out. And I
Speaker 2: had a great collection of comic books from all of that.
Speaker 2: And God said, you know what, You've never confessed that
Speaker 2: to her, and you need to get that right, and
Speaker 2: you need to repay her. The second thing on that
Speaker 2: list is I had been in an unreported accident as
Speaker 2: a high school student. I had been with a couple
Speaker 2: of friends of mine and we had been in a
Speaker 2: parking lot one day at a store, and as we
Speaker 2: were backing out, I backed into a car behind me
Speaker 2: and smashed in the front of it. We got scared
Speaker 2: and left. I didn't leave a note. I didn't tell anybody.
Speaker 2: God said, you know that's wrong. You need to go
Speaker 2: to the police department and you need to admit that
Speaker 2: you were the one who bashed that in. See if
Speaker 2: it's on the records, so you can repay whoever that
Speaker 2: was for the damage it was done to their car.
Speaker 2: The third thing was I was a member of a
Speaker 2: small church and at that time I had really long hair, beautiful,
Speaker 2: flowing blonde hair. I was in northern California in the
Speaker 2: sixties and seventies.
Speaker 3: What do you expect? Okay?
Speaker 2: And my dad never had a problem with He said, son,
Speaker 2: grow it while you got it, cause you ain't gonna
Speaker 2: have it for long. So he never had a problem with.
Speaker 2: But my pastor, this small church was kind of conservative,
Speaker 2: didn't like guys wearing long hair in those days, and
Speaker 2: he regularly talked about it and put me on the defense.
Speaker 2: And I didn't like him, and so I told everybody
Speaker 2: like him. I gossiped about him, and I just did
Speaker 2: not do anything to build him up. I undermined him.
Speaker 2: And God said, I don't care what he's done, what
Speaker 2: his part is. You need to go and confess you've
Speaker 2: had a bad attitude. You need to ask forgiveness. So
Speaker 2: I finished that and I got in bed and God said,
Speaker 2: you're going to do it. I said, nope, not a chance, Nope.
Speaker 2: And God said, oh, really, have you thought about the
Speaker 2: consequences of this.
Speaker 3: Yep, you're going to do it? Nope?
Speaker 2: And I began a battle in my mind with God
Speaker 2: that night.
Speaker 3: God, I really don't want to do this.
Speaker 2: In fact, I'll do anything if you just forgive these
Speaker 2: three things. It would be humbling, it would be embarrassing.
Speaker 2: I would feel bad about it. I don't even want
Speaker 2: to do it. It's going to cost me. God said, Rick,
Speaker 2: this is a test. This is a test of your integrity.
Speaker 2: Will you do what I tell you to do? And
Speaker 2: let me tell you what integrity is. Integrity isn't being perfect.
Speaker 2: Integrity is not never sinning. If that is, nobody's got
Speaker 2: integrity because nobody's perfect. Integrity means being open and honest
Speaker 2: and willing to confess where you are weak, where you sin,
Speaker 2: and when you do wrong and get right. That's integrity.
Speaker 2: It's not being perfect. Nobody's perfect. It means being honest
Speaker 2: and authentic about your imperfections. I tried to do everything
Speaker 2: with God. I tried to bargain with God. God, if
Speaker 2: you'll forgive me, I will never do it again. God said,
Speaker 2: don't make promises. Just go get it right. God, if
Speaker 2: you will forgive me, I will never sin again.
Speaker 3: Right.
Speaker 2: Just go get it right, God, if you will forgive me,
Speaker 2: I tried to bargain with God. I will read my
Speaker 2: Bible every day the rest of my life. I will
Speaker 2: tell somebody about Jesus every day. God said, domain promises,
Speaker 2: go get it right. And I said, I don't want to.
Speaker 2: He said, Rick, if you won't be real with me,
Speaker 2: I won't be real with you. I want to bless
Speaker 2: your life. I want to use your life. But if
Speaker 2: I can't trust you in the little things of life,
Speaker 2: how can I trust you in the big things of life.
Speaker 3: This is a test.
Speaker 2: I tossed and turned all night, from about midnight to
Speaker 2: about five am in the morning, and finally I just
Speaker 2: go okay, And I just finally said I would do
Speaker 2: it so I.
Speaker 3: Could go to sleep, but I didn't really mean it.
Speaker 2: And I got up the next morning and it was
Speaker 2: a Saturday, and I did everything except go make those
Speaker 2: sins right. I did all my homework, I cleaned up
Speaker 2: my room, I washed both of my parents' cars, I
Speaker 2: cleaned up the patio, I offered to do errands for
Speaker 2: my mom.
Speaker 3: I was doing.
Speaker 2: Everything except that which I really needed to do. That night,
Speaker 2: I had been invited to be a guest speaker to
Speaker 2: a youth meeting, a youth rally at a small church
Speaker 2: about thirty miles away. I got in the car, drove
Speaker 2: over to that church, and I spoke. That night, I
Speaker 2: shouldn't have spoken. I was out of fellowship with God,
Speaker 2: out of fellowship with other people myself. God's power and
Speaker 2: presence wasn't there. God's blessing was there. The words were
Speaker 2: just bouncing off the wall. And I went home very
Speaker 2: discouraged and very defeated, knowing that God was withholding his
Speaker 2: blessing in my life. My dad, who was a pastor,
Speaker 2: asked me, said, Rick, can you go tomorrow up to
Speaker 2: a little town about sixty miles from here and can
Speaker 2: you fill in there for the pastor there who's sick.
Speaker 2: And I said sure, So I drove an hour north
Speaker 2: and I went to this little church and I spoke
Speaker 2: that morning, and I spoke that evening, and all afternoon
Speaker 2: I just wrestled with God, knowing that there is something
Speaker 2: intentionally between me and God that I was refusing to
Speaker 2: get right. I knew it was wrong, but I would
Speaker 2: not give in. And to speak to this group was
Speaker 2: a waste of their time and a waste of my time.
Speaker 2: And there was no blessing, no power, no grace. And
Speaker 2: I was discouraged and depressed and defeated, and I knew
Speaker 2: this wasn't working. I got in the car and as
Speaker 2: I was driving back home that night in the dark.
Speaker 2: I finally just broke down and said, Okay, God, I
Speaker 2: am so sorry. I'm never going to allow any little
Speaker 2: thing to get between me and you if I know
Speaker 2: it willingly. I will confess it when I make mistakes,
Speaker 2: when I sin, when I blow it, and I commit
Speaker 2: to getting this right. I got home and my parents
Speaker 2: and my sister were sitting in the living room watching television.
Speaker 2: Now to show you how long ago this happened, my
Speaker 2: parents were watching Bonanza.
Speaker 3: Okay, so it's that old, all right. And I walked
Speaker 3: in and I didn't even say anything.
Speaker 2: I just walked over to the television in front of
Speaker 2: them and flipped it off, turned it off like that,
Speaker 2: and I turned it around and said, I don't need
Speaker 2: you to do anything, but I need somebody to just
Speaker 2: confess this to and I need to get it off
Speaker 2: my chest. I've already confessed it to God, I need
Speaker 2: to confess it to somebody else. And I need to
Speaker 2: ask you to pray for me that I will have
Speaker 2: the courage to.
Speaker 3: Go get these three things right.
Speaker 2: And I admitted those three things there to my parents
Speaker 2: and my sister. I have this scar from my sister no.
Speaker 3: I made that part up.
Speaker 2: And so I just a minute, and I got on
Speaker 2: my knees in the living room, and I bowed, and
Speaker 2: I began to cry and weep and weep profusely, and
Speaker 2: my parents and my sister began to pray for me.
Speaker 2: And I felt the power of God fall on my
Speaker 2: life like I have never experienced before or since. And
Speaker 2: I could feel the blessing of God flowing into my life.
Speaker 2: And I could feel the power of God flowing into
Speaker 2: my life, and God saying, you pass the test, and
Speaker 2: I'm going to use you. I'm going to bless you
Speaker 2: and make you a blessing to other people. And that
Speaker 2: power flowing into my life was the turning point in
Speaker 2: my life. I want this so badly for you. You
Speaker 2: have no idea how much God wants to use your life.
Speaker 2: You have no idea how much God wants to bless
Speaker 2: your life. The things He could do in your life
Speaker 2: would astound you if your.
Speaker 3: Life was a clean vessel. But you've got to do
Speaker 3: business with God. You've got to pray the prayer of cleansing.
Speaker 1: This is Pastor Rick's daily hope. We're so glad you're
Speaker 1: with us today. Rick will be back in a moment,
Speaker 1: but first, recently, Pastor Rick had our graphic designers create
Speaker 1: a beautiful, frameable version of The Lord's Prayer that you
Speaker 1: can download for free right now by visiting Pastorick dot com.
Speaker 1: That's Pastorick dot com.
Speaker 4: Perhaps the most important role you can play in the
Speaker 4: life of a child is teaching them to trust God
Speaker 4: through prayer. It's the key to living with hope. Jesus said,
Speaker 4: we should always pray and never give up. That's why
Speaker 4: it's important to strengthen the hope of children by introducing
Speaker 4: them to Jesus's model for prayer at an early age.
Speaker 4: And we're excited to tell you about a very special
Speaker 4: resource to help you do just that. It's called The
Speaker 4: Lord's Prayer Words of Hope and Happiness. This book brings
Speaker 4: the poetic scripture of the King James version of the
Speaker 4: Bible to life. Readers young and old will enjoy thoughtful
Speaker 4: insights from New York Times best selling author Pastor Rick
Speaker 4: Warren and stunning illustrations by award winning artist Richard Jesse Watson.
Speaker 4: It's sure to become a meaningful bedtime ritual, a treasure memory,
Speaker 4: and a lasting legacy that bears good fruit for generations
Speaker 4: to come. This wonderful book is a perfect way to
Speaker 4: share the beauty and richness of the Lord's Prayer with
Speaker 4: the children the Lord has placed in your life, and
Speaker 4: we'll send it to you to say thanks. When you
Speaker 4: give a gift to Daily Hope, your gift will be
Speaker 4: used to help take the good news of Jesus Christ
Speaker 4: to people everywhere. Just call eight hundred six hundred five
Speaker 4: zero zero four or go to Fastrick dot com. That's
Speaker 4: eight hundred six hundred five zero zero four, or go
Speaker 4: to Pastor Rick dot com. Thanks so very much. Today
Speaker 4: is the last day to get your copy of the
Speaker 4: Lord's Prayer Children's Gift Book, So don't wait.
Speaker 1: You're listening to Pastor Rick's Daily Hope once again. Here's
Speaker 1: Pastor Rick Warren.
Speaker 2: I want to give you now, very simply, real quickly,
Speaker 2: the six steps on the path to a clear conscience.
Speaker 2: There is no reason you should leave this building with
Speaker 2: any guilt in your life.
Speaker 3: Whatever guilt you've.
Speaker 2: Been caring for weeks or months or years, you need
Speaker 2: to deal with it. Now make business with God and
Speaker 2: go out with a clear conscience and be guilt free.
Speaker 2: How do you do it? Six steps on the back
Speaker 2: of your outline. There here's the steps. Number one, I
Speaker 2: review every area of my life. That's the first step.
Speaker 2: I review every area of my life. We call this
Speaker 2: making it a personal moral inventory or a a personal
Speaker 2: spiritual assessment. And what you do is you sit down
Speaker 2: with God in a quiet space, by yourself, all alone,
Speaker 2: when you're unhurried, and you do what I just told
Speaker 2: you about I did.
Speaker 3: God.
Speaker 2: I'm gonna do business with you, and I'm going to
Speaker 2: make a list of anything that's between me and you
Speaker 2: that's wrong in my life that I feel guilty about,
Speaker 2: consciously or unconsciously. Help me to know the things that
Speaker 2: I know that are wrong and the things that I
Speaker 2: don't know that are wrong. The Bible says in Lamentations
Speaker 2: Chapter three, let us test and examine our ways.
Speaker 3: Now you get off by.
Speaker 2: Yourself with a pen and a notepad, where you're totally disturbed.
Speaker 2: You ask God to reveal your sins, and you say, Lord,
Speaker 2: in clearing clear my mind, let me give you a
Speaker 2: verse to write down. Psalm one thirty nine, twenty three
Speaker 2: and twenty four. Psalm one thirty nine, twenty three and
Speaker 2: twenty four says this search me O, God.
Speaker 3: And know my heart, test me and know my thoughts.
Speaker 2: Point out anything in me that offends you, anything, and
Speaker 2: lead me along the path of everlasting life. That is
Speaker 2: the prayer saying, God, turn your spotlight on my innerside
Speaker 2: to find the stuff that's entangled me, that's hindering me,
Speaker 2: that's holding me back. Now you take your time. You
Speaker 2: don't rush it. You don't say, God, I got five
Speaker 2: minutes for you to reveal every sin I've ever done.
Speaker 3: Now you take your time, and you.
Speaker 2: Say write it all down, and say, well, couldn't I
Speaker 2: just think it? Might have to write it down. You
Speaker 2: have to write it down. Writing makes it specific. Thoughts
Speaker 2: disentangle themselves through the flips and the fingertips. You talk
Speaker 2: it and you say, and you write it. If you
Speaker 2: haven't written it down, you haven't really thought about it.
Speaker 2: It makes it specific. By the way, it's also cathartic.
Speaker 2: It helps get it out of you and onto the paper.
Speaker 2: You want to get the gunk out of you. Now
Speaker 2: you're gonna burn this paper later on, but you just
Speaker 2: get it out of you. The Bible says this, if
Speaker 2: we judged ourselves in the right way, God would not
Speaker 2: judge us. Now to get you started. I've written here
Speaker 2: a personal spiritual assessment, and if you open it up
Speaker 2: inside it's a sin list. Here's a personal spiritual assessment too.
Speaker 2: The following is a list of common sins that prevent
Speaker 2: God from blessing and using our lives. As you prayerfully
Speaker 2: read this, examine yourself and circle or highlight or underline
Speaker 2: the areas that apply to you. You don't even have
Speaker 2: to write them down. I'm making this easy. You just
Speaker 2: read it, go yep, that's me, yep, that's me, yep.
Speaker 2: You underline it, you circle it, you highlight it, and
Speaker 2: then when you get to get at the end, you go, now, God,
Speaker 2: is there anything else? And you write down those things too.
Speaker 2: And nobody else is going to see this. It's just
Speaker 2: between you and God. It's a personal spiritual assessment. By
Speaker 2: the way, we'll put it on the website too, so
Speaker 2: those of you are watching.
Speaker 3: On the internet can download it, and those.
Speaker 2: Of you who would like other copies can download it too. Now,
Speaker 2: nobody else is going to see this. Now, let me
Speaker 2: ask you a very important question. How serious are you
Speaker 2: about God blessing your life? How badly do you want
Speaker 2: God's blessing in your life? Oh, I'd like to have
Speaker 2: it enough that you're willing to be gut level honest.
Speaker 2: Are you willing to be honest to God? Are you
Speaker 2: willing to be honest with yourself? Are you gonna lie
Speaker 2: to yourself? Are you going to be willing to be
Speaker 2: honest with other people? Are you going to just live
Speaker 2: in denial? Denial in God's blessing do not go hand
Speaker 2: in hand. Friend, You are seconds away from liberation. You
Speaker 2: are seconds away from a feeling of cleanness and joy
Speaker 2: and purity that you haven't had ever, that you've never experienced.
Speaker 2: You are seconds away from a total freedom in your
Speaker 2: life that could set you free from some habits and
Speaker 2: hurts and hang ups that are messing up your life.
Speaker 2: I want to ask you to do this today. Don't procrastinate.
Speaker 2: There's nothing more important than your life than to have
Speaker 2: the blessing of God. Go home today, get alone by yourself,
Speaker 2: read through this and do a personal moral inventory. That's
Speaker 2: step one. Now, once you've done that, you do step two.
Speaker 2: Here's the second step. I repent of every sin. First,
Speaker 2: I review every area, and then I repent of every sin.
Speaker 2: What does it mean to repent? It means three things.
Speaker 2: It means, first, I take responsibility for my sin.
Speaker 3: Yep, I'm not going to blame anybody else for this.
Speaker 2: Second, it means I turn away from those things. And
Speaker 2: third it means I turn toward God and his grace
Speaker 2: and say, God, I don't want to be that anymore.
Speaker 2: I take responsibility, I turn away, and I turn.
Speaker 3: Two. That's what it means to repent. Now what do
Speaker 3: you do on that?
Speaker 2: The Bible says this, let us turn again in repentance
Speaker 2: to the Lord. Let us lift our hearts and hands
Speaker 2: to God in heaven and say we have sinned and rebelled.
Speaker 2: You write it down, you accept responsibility. What does it
Speaker 2: mean to repent? Well, first, I don't rationalize it. I
Speaker 2: don't say, well it was no big deal. Well it
Speaker 2: was a big deal. You wouldn't have remembered it. I
Speaker 2: don't minimize it. I don't rationalize it. I said, well,
Speaker 2: it happened so long time ago, or it was just
Speaker 2: a stage I went through, or everybody does.
Speaker 3: It doesn't matter.
Speaker 2: You don't rationalize, you don't minimize, you don't accuse, you
Speaker 2: don't excuse. You don't blame others, Well it was mostly
Speaker 2: their fault. Well it may the ninety nine point nine
Speaker 2: percent their fault. God says you accept responsibility for your
Speaker 2: one percent or point one percent?
Speaker 3: What am I saying?
Speaker 2: Listen very closely. The greatest hold up to the healing
Speaker 2: of your hang up.
Speaker 3: Is you.
Speaker 2: You're not waiting on God. You're not waiting on anybody
Speaker 2: else the hang ups in your life. The greatest hold
Speaker 2: up to your hang up is you. God wants to
Speaker 2: heal it in your life.
Speaker 3: Now.
Speaker 2: The Bible says this up here on the screen. If
Speaker 2: we claim to be without sin, we're just deceiving ourselves.
Speaker 3: We're living in a world of illusion.
Speaker 2: What the Bible says, we're acting in a fantasy world
Speaker 2: where we're pretending.
Speaker 3: We're faking it.
Speaker 2: If we claim to be without sin, we're just deceiving ourselves.
Speaker 2: We're certainly not deceiving God, and we're not even deceiving
Speaker 2: anybody else, because everybody else knows you've blown it. We
Speaker 2: just deceive ourselves. It's self deception and the truth is
Speaker 2: not in us. Now, listen very closely to this. The
Speaker 2: things that defeat you in your life, the self defeating
Speaker 2: habits in your life that you don't like about you.
Speaker 3: Who would you like to get rid of them.
Speaker 2: You will stop defeating yourself when you stop deceiving yourself.
Speaker 1: This is Pastor Rick's daily Hope. We're so glad you're
Speaker 1: with us today. Recently, Pastor Rick had our graphic designers
Speaker 1: create a beautiful frameable version of The Lord's Prayer that
Speaker 1: you can download for free right now by visiting Pastorick
Speaker 1: dot com. That's Pastorick dot com. Rick will be back
Speaker 1: in a moment, but first, Perhaps the most important role
Speaker 1: you can play in the life of a child is
Speaker 1: teaching them to trust God through prayer. It's the key
Speaker 1: to living with hope. Jesus said, we should always pray
Speaker 1: and never give up. That's why it's so important to
Speaker 1: strengthen the hope of children by introducing them to Jesus's
Speaker 1: model for prayer at an early age. With this in mind,
Speaker 1: we're excited to tell you about a very special resource
Speaker 1: to help if you do just that. It's called The
Speaker 1: Lord's Prayer Words of Hope and Happiness. This book brings
Speaker 1: the poetic scripture of the King James version of the
Speaker 1: Bible to life. Readers young and old will enjoy thoughtful
Speaker 1: insights from New York Times best selling author Pastor Rick.
Speaker 1: Warren and stunning illustrations by award winning artist Richard Jesse Watson.
Speaker 1: It's sure to become a meaningful bedtime ritual, a treasured memory,
Speaker 1: and a lasting legacy that bears good fruit for generations
Speaker 1: to come. The Lord's Prayer Words of Hope and Happiness
Speaker 1: is the perfect way to share the beauty and richness
Speaker 1: of the Lord's Prayer with the children. The Lord has
Speaker 1: placed in your life and will send it to you
Speaker 1: when you give a gift to Daily Hope to help
Speaker 1: take the good news to people everywhere. Call eight hundred
Speaker 1: six hundred five thousand and four to support Daily Hope
Speaker 1: and will send you this powerful resource. Or you can
Speaker 1: visit Pastor That's eight hundred six hundred five thousand and
Speaker 1: four or Pastorick dot com. Today is the last day
Speaker 1: to get your copy of The Lord's Prayer Children's Gift Book,
Speaker 1: so don't wait. Here's Pastor Rick with a letter from
Speaker 1: one of our listeners.
Speaker 2: You know I love getting these letters from you when
Speaker 2: you write in from all around the world. My prayers
Speaker 2: at Daily Hope will bring that hope that we find
Speaker 2: in God's Word to people in every nation. Here's a
Speaker 2: note from one of our listeners who actually lives in India.
Speaker 2: Dear Pastor Rick, it's a great honor for me to
Speaker 2: share how I get blessings from the Daily Hope Devotional
Speaker 2: every day. It's already been a year and a half
Speaker 2: that I've been reading the Daily Hope Devotional and I
Speaker 2: thank God for these I also share these devotionals through
Speaker 2: social media like Facebook and WhatsApp, and I send the
Speaker 2: daily devotions to forty different pastors and fifty different lay
Speaker 2: leaders and to some of my church members and friends.
Speaker 2: I send them all over Central India and to almost
Speaker 2: five hundred people across the country. Thank you so much
Speaker 2: for this Daily Hope Devotional and may God continue to
Speaker 2: use every reader who have been called by God for
Speaker 2: His purposes with blessings. Reverend Langkim, pastor of the Kookie
Speaker 2: Baptist Convention, Manipur, India. Well, I love how a Pastor
Speaker 2: Lampkin is using Facebook, He's using What's app to share
Speaker 2: these devotionals with hundreds of people in India. Do you
Speaker 2: realize that when you tell anybody about this broadcast or
Speaker 2: when you pass on the written devotional, you're actually partners
Speaker 2: with us in sharing the Gospel all around the world,
Speaker 2: and the Bible says that his partners and ministry we
Speaker 2: will share in the rewards together. Now, this is something
Speaker 2: anybody can do, and if you haven't thought about it,
Speaker 2: start making a list of people you could tell about
Speaker 2: Daily Hope.
Speaker 3: You could do this.
Speaker 2: Anybody can do this, and if you go to our
Speaker 2: website Pastorick dot com, you can share it by broadcast,
Speaker 2: you can share the devotional, you can share it on
Speaker 2: social media with just one little click. Do you realize
Speaker 2: how easy it is. We're trying to help you, help
Speaker 2: share the gospel which God has called all of us
Speaker 2: to do. Our ability to reach people all around the
Speaker 2: world is a direct result of your prayers, your financial support,
Speaker 2: and your willingness to tell others. So from the bottom
Speaker 2: of my heart, I just want to say to you,
Speaker 2: thank you, I love you, and I thank God for you.
Speaker 2: And join me next time as we continue to look
Speaker 2: into God's word for our Daily Hope.
Speaker 1: If you'd like to let Rick know how this broadcast
Speaker 1: has blessed your life, please write in at Rick at
Speaker 1: Pastorrick dot com. That's Rick at pastorrick dot com. This
Speaker 1: program is sponsored by Pastor Rick's Daily Hope and your
Speaker 1: generous financial support,