Speaker 1: All right, let's unlock some secrets. Today. We're diving deep
Speaker 1: into cryptography. With Serious Cryptography A Practical Introduction to Modern Encryption.
Speaker 1: We really wanted to understand how modern encryption works in
Speaker 1: the real world, and this book, with all its focus
Speaker 1: on cutting edge tech like TLS one point three and
Speaker 1: post quantum cryptography, seems like the perfect place to start.
Speaker 1: It even has like the stamp of approval from some
Speaker 1: real security experts.
Speaker 2: Yeah. Absolutely, you can tell the author was really focused
Speaker 2: on practical application just reading through it.
Speaker 1: So one thing that really caught my eye was how
Speaker 1: the book challenged this idea that cryptography is always the
Speaker 1: strongest link in security. That got me thinking, is it
Speaker 1: really all it's cracked up to be?
Speaker 2: Well, it's interesting, right, Like cryptography can be super strong
Speaker 2: in theory, but real world implementations, m that's where things
Speaker 2: can go wrong, especially with human error and how complex
Speaker 2: these systems can get.
Speaker 1: So you're saying, even with strong cryptography, things can still
Speaker 1: go wrong.
Speaker 2: Exactly Like the book uses this example of certain smart cards.
Speaker 2: The underlying cipher itself might be secure, but attackers can
Speaker 2: find ways to exploit how the card interacts with other systems. Actually,
Speaker 2: research has shown that attackers can pull keys from these
Speaker 2: smart cards in like ten minutes using equipment anyone can
Speaker 2: buy ten minutes.
Speaker 1: Wow, that's a real reminder that it's not just about
Speaker 1: strong algorithms but the whole ecosystem.
Speaker 2: Right, really, And another thing the book digs into is
Speaker 2: randomness in cryptography.
Speaker 1: Randomness that sounds pretty straightforward, but I feel like there's
Speaker 1: more to it.
Speaker 2: Oh, you're right. True randomness the kind you get from
Speaker 2: unpredictable physical sources. That's ideal, but it's not always practical.
Speaker 2: That's where those pseudorandom number generators come in PRNGs. They
Speaker 2: make sequences of numbers that look random, but they're actually
Speaker 2: made with algorithms, so.
Speaker 1: It's like a really carefully crafted illusion of randomness. Why
Speaker 1: does this even matter for encryption?
Speaker 2: Though? Quality of that illusion is key. Predictable patterns in
Speaker 2: a prng's output. That's a weakness attackers can exploit. The
Speaker 2: book talks about the Mersen twister. It was widely used,
Speaker 2: but it was found to have vulnerabilities because it's linear.
Speaker 2: If an attacker could see enough of its output, they
Speaker 2: could maybe predict future outputs and mess with the encryption.
Speaker 1: That's wild seemingly small details can have a big impact.
Speaker 1: So how do we even measure how strong a cryptographic
Speaker 1: algorithm is?
Speaker 2: Ah, that's where bit security comes in. It's basically how
Speaker 2: difficult it is to break an algorithm like one hundred
Speaker 2: and twenty eight bits. Cipher would need an attacker to
Speaker 2: do something like two to the one hundred and twenty
Speaker 2: eighth power operations to crack it.
Speaker 1: So more bits equals more security? Is that the gist.
Speaker 2: It's a good starting point. But remember the smart cards
Speaker 2: from earlier. A huge key figs wouldn't have helped if
Speaker 2: the implementation was flawed.
Speaker 1: Hmmm, I see. But how do those theoretical bits of
Speaker 1: security translate to real world costs for attackers?
Speaker 2: Good question. The book talks about parallelism, where attackers can
Speaker 2: use multiple processors to speed up attacks a lot. Imagine
Speaker 2: trying to brute force a forty eight big key sounds tough, right, Yeah,
Speaker 2: But with enough processing power, an attacker could crack it
Speaker 2: in a reasonable timeframe.
Speaker 1: It's like a race against time.
Speaker 2: Yeah. And beyond just that, factors like memory, precomputation, how
Speaker 2: many targets there are? Those all matter? Like think about
Speaker 2: PayTV systems. They often use forty eight or sixty four
Speaker 2: bit encryption keys.
Speaker 1: That's low. How is that secure at all?
Speaker 2: Well, those systems refresh their keys every few seconds. To
Speaker 2: crack it, an attacker would have to brute force a
Speaker 2: brand new key super fast, making it basically impossible.
Speaker 1: Wow, context really mattered totally.
Speaker 2: And something else the book dives into is the idea
Speaker 2: of proofs in cryptography. You might think that means an
Speaker 2: algorithm security is totally proven.
Speaker 1: So you're saying it's not that simple. A proof is
Speaker 1: a proof, right Well.
Speaker 2: In cryptography it's different. Proofs often show that an algorithm
Speaker 2: is as secure as some well known hard problem, like
Speaker 2: factoring big numbers, but that doesn't guarantee it's one hundred
Speaker 2: percent secure. You never know if new attack methods or
Speaker 2: weakness might come up.
Speaker 1: So proofs are good for confidence, but not fool proof exactly.
Speaker 2: And then there's key management, which is all about protecting
Speaker 2: the heart of encryption, the keys themselves.
Speaker 1: Key management that sounds pretty self explanatory. You make a
Speaker 1: key and keep it safe, right.
Speaker 2: Well, the book talks about how keys are generated lots
Speaker 2: of different ways, each with its own trade offs. You
Speaker 2: can randomly generate keys using those PRNGs we talked about,
Speaker 2: or use something called key derivation functions, which make keys
Speaker 2: from other secret data. And then there's making keys on
Speaker 2: the fly from passwords, which is easy but risky if
Speaker 2: the password is weak.
Speaker 1: So many choices. What are some of the things to
Speaker 1: think about when making these decisions.
Speaker 2: It all comes down to your specific security needs. How
Speaker 2: much risk you're willing to take. Like key wrapping where
Speaker 2: you encrypt a key with another key as protection, but
Speaker 2: then you have to store that wrapped key securely makes sense.
Speaker 1: Every choice has its own impact, for sure.
Speaker 2: Now let's move on to block ciphers, the billing blocks
Speaker 2: of a lot of secure systems.
Speaker 1: I've heard the term, but I'm a little fuzzy on
Speaker 1: what they actually are.
Speaker 2: Basically, they work on blocks of data with a fixed size,
Speaker 2: using a key to turn it into ciphertext. Their security
Speaker 2: is affected by both the size of the block and
Speaker 2: the side of the key.
Speaker 1: So bigger blocks, bigger keys, stronger encryption.
Speaker 2: That's part of it. Larger blocks are better against certain
Speaker 2: attacks like codebook attacks, where someone tries to build a
Speaker 2: giant lookup table mapping plaintext blocks to ciphertext.
Speaker 1: A lookup table for every possible block.
Speaker 2: That sounds tedious, it is, and with bigger block sizes,
Speaker 2: the number of possible blocks gets huge, making it pretty
Speaker 2: much impossible to make and store such a table.
Speaker 1: Like memorizing the whole phone book.
Speaker 2: Not practical exactly. A great real world example of a
Speaker 2: block cipher is the Advanced Encryption Standard or AES. It's
Speaker 2: used everywhere from making websites secure with HTTPS to encrypting
Speaker 2: stuff on your hard drive.
Speaker 1: Hey yes, yeah, I've seen that one.
Speaker 2: What makes it so popular, Well, it's been tested and
Speaker 2: analyzed a ton and it's proven to be very secure,
Speaker 2: and it's got a good balance of security, performance, and flexibility.
Speaker 1: So HBS is like the gold standard. But what about
Speaker 1: stream sofers? The book describes them as encrypting data like
Speaker 1: a flowing river.
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, they're really interesting. Stream ciphers encrypt data bit
Speaker 2: by bit using a continuous stream of key stream bits.
Speaker 2: They're great when you're processing data in real time, like
Speaker 2: streaming video or calls.
Speaker 1: So block ciphers are like encrypting a book, and stream
Speaker 1: ciphers are like encrypting a live broadcast.
Speaker 2: Perfect analogy. The book talks about two main types of
Speaker 2: stream ciphers, stateful and counter based stateful ciphers like SALCID
Speaker 2: twenty keep a secret state that changes as data is encrypted.
Speaker 2: Counter based ciphers make keystream bits based on a key,
Speaker 2: a nonce, and a counter that goes up with each
Speaker 2: bit nons.
Speaker 1: What's that all about?
Speaker 2: The nons is crucial. It makes sure the same keystream
Speaker 2: isn't used to encrypt different messages, which would be bad.
Speaker 2: Think if the same code was used to lock your
Speaker 2: house in your car, that's.
Speaker 1: A recipe for disaster. So the nonce adds uniqueness.
Speaker 2: Exactly, but you know, not all stream ciphers are created equal.
Speaker 2: The book has this cautionary tale about RC four. It
Speaker 2: was really popular, but now it's considered insecure because of
Speaker 2: statistical biases in its output. These biases made it vulnerable,
Speaker 2: especially in protocols like WEP the early Wi Fi encryption.
Speaker 1: So even with randomness, there's a right way and a
Speaker 1: wrong way, definitely.
Speaker 2: The book highlights SALSEA twenty, a modern stream cipher designed
Speaker 2: to be better than RC four. It's got this robust
Speaker 2: core permutation that generates those key stream bits with really
Speaker 2: good randomness properties.
Speaker 1: So it's like the more secure successor.
Speaker 2: You could say that now, how about we shift gears
Speaker 2: and talk about hash functions.
Speaker 1: Hash functions like digital fingerprints for data.
Speaker 2: Right, yes, hash functions take any length of input and
Speaker 2: spit out a fixed size output called a hash value.
Speaker 2: It acts just like a fingerprint. Practically impossible to find
Speaker 2: two different inputs that make the same hash value.
Speaker 1: Okay, I get the fingerprint analogy. How do hash functions
Speaker 1: help with security though, Let's say.
Speaker 2: You're downloading it huge file. How do you know it
Speaker 2: hasn't been messed with during the download?
Speaker 1: Hmmm, good point. You just trust the source, I guess well.
Speaker 2: Hash functions can help the website with the file can
Speaker 2: give you a hash value of the original file. After
Speaker 2: you download it, you run the file through the same
Speaker 2: hash function. If the hash values match, you know the
Speaker 2: file is identical to the original.
Speaker 1: So it's like a check to make sure nothing has
Speaker 1: been changed exactly.
Speaker 2: And the book talks about the core properties that make
Speaker 2: a hash function secure pre image resistance, second, pre image resistance,
Speaker 2: and collision resistance.
Speaker 1: Okay, that's some serious cryptographic jarg and break it down
Speaker 1: for me.
Speaker 2: Sure, pre image resistance means it's really hard to find
Speaker 2: an input that gives you a specific hash value. Second,
Speaker 2: pre image resistance means that if you have an input
Speaker 2: in its hash, it's almost impossible to find another input
Speaker 2: with the same hash, and collision resistance means it's super
Speaker 2: hard to find any two different inputs that make the
Speaker 2: same hash.
Speaker 1: So it's all about keeping those digital fingerprints unique and
Speaker 1: unforgeable exactly.
Speaker 2: One common way to make secure hash functions is the
Speaker 2: Merkel dam Gord construction. It uses a secure compression function
Speaker 2: and processes the input data block by block.
Speaker 1: Like a cryptographic assembly line exactly.
Speaker 2: And to make sure messages of different lengths give you
Speaker 2: different hash values, the use padding. It's like adding a
Speaker 2: unique ID to the end of each message. Befoeen processing.
Speaker 1: Wow. So much thought goes into these systems. What about
Speaker 1: real world examples of hash functions. I've heard of SAHA before, right.
Speaker 2: The SAHA family, or a secure hash algorithm is used
Speaker 2: a lot. You've probably heard of SAHA one, which was
Speaker 2: really popular but is now considered insecure. There are ways
Speaker 2: to find collisions.
Speaker 1: So SAHA one is like the RC four of hash functions.
Speaker 2: You could say that SAHA two, five, six, and SAHA
Speaker 2: five to twelve are better, but even they're getting old.
Speaker 2: SAHA three is the latest standard. It's designed to last
Speaker 2: and is super secure.
Speaker 1: SAHA three the next generation. What's different about it?
Speaker 2: SAHA three uses this unique sponge function structure. It works
Speaker 2: on a fixed size state and absorbs data instead like
Speaker 2: a sponge soaking up water. It's different from that Merkele
Speaker 2: damgoard thing and seems to be more resistant to attacks.
Speaker 1: So SAJ three is the new kit on the block,
Speaker 1: built with lessons learned from the past exactly.
Speaker 2: But there are other contenders like BLAKE two, which was
Speaker 2: a finalist in the competition that picked SAHA three. It's
Speaker 2: known for being fast and simple, which makes it popular.
Speaker 1: So SAJ three and Blake two are the top dogs
Speaker 1: in the hash function world. But even with them, I
Speaker 1: bet things can still go wrong. The book talked about
Speaker 1: length extension attacks. What are those all about?
Speaker 2: Oh? Those are clever. They exploit a weakness in the
Speaker 2: Merkele damboard construction. If an attacker knows the hash of
Speaker 2: a message, they can add data to it and get
Speaker 2: a new hash without even knowing the original message.
Speaker 1: Wait, so they can tamper with data without knowing what
Speaker 1: it was.
Speaker 2: That's the basic idea. The book gives an example of
Speaker 2: cloud storage protocols, where these attacks could have let an
Speaker 2: attacker change data in the cloud without anyone noticing.
Speaker 1: That's scary. Even with secure algorithms, implementation flaws can cause problems.
Speaker 2: You got it, and it shows why it's so important
Speaker 2: to really understand these algorithms and use them correctly.
Speaker 1: So we've covered hash functions, but the book also talks
Speaker 1: about Maggie's message authentication codes are those related to hash functions.
Speaker 2: They are max make sure data is both correct and authentic,
Speaker 2: adding a security layer on top of just plane hash functions.
Speaker 1: Okay, how do they work?
Speaker 2: They combine a hash function with a secret key. This
Speaker 2: key is used when you create and verify the m ass,
Speaker 2: ensuring that only someone with the key can make a
Speaker 2: valid m ASS for a given message.
Speaker 1: So it's like a hash function with a secret handshake exactly.
Speaker 2: The book talks about a bunch of ways to build MSS,
Speaker 2: like HMAC which uses hash functions, and CMAC, which is
Speaker 2: made from block ciphers.
Speaker 1: So taking those building blocks we talked about earlier and
Speaker 1: using them to make even more secure system exactly.
Speaker 2: And then there's sci fash, a modern MAAA designed for
Speaker 2: speed and simplicity. It uses a structure similar to SAHA three,
Speaker 2: but it's specially designed for authentication.
Speaker 1: We've got hash functions and mashes. Are we missing anything?
Speaker 2: Well, what if we could combine the secrecy of encryption
Speaker 2: with the integrity and authenticity of a mavat.
Speaker 1: Sounds like the ultimate package? Is that possible?
Speaker 2: Yep, that's what all authenticated encryption does.
Speaker 1: I'm all ears. Tell me about this authenticated encryption magic.
Speaker 2: Not magic, but it's pretty cool. Authenticated encryption make sure
Speaker 2: data is both secret and trustworthy. One popular method is
Speaker 2: aesaas GCM, which combines the AES block cipher with a
Speaker 2: strong authentication function called ghash.
Speaker 1: So it's like AES with an extra authentication boost.
Speaker 2: You got it. AES GCM is used all over the place,
Speaker 2: from securing network traffic to protecting data that's just sitting there.
Speaker 2: But there are others too, like SIV mode, which fixes
Speaker 2: a potential problem in authenticated encryption called nonce reuse.
Speaker 1: Nonce reuse. We talked about nonces before, but remind me
Speaker 1: why reusing them as a problem.
Speaker 2: If you use the same nonce to encrypt two different
Speaker 2: messages with the same key, leak information about the plaintext.
Speaker 2: SIV mode gets around that by adding the plaintext data
Speaker 2: into the nons generation process, so it's like.
Speaker 1: A self destructing message, leaving no trace behind.
Speaker 2: That's a great way to think about it. And now
Speaker 2: for the big reveal.
Speaker 1: The big reveal. What are you talking about?
Speaker 2: Remember that looming threat we talked about earlier, the one
Speaker 2: that could change everything in cryptography?
Speaker 1: You mean quantum computers exactly.
Speaker 2: That's what we'll pick up next time.
Speaker 1: Welcome back. We're continuing our journey through serious cryptography. Last
Speaker 1: time we ended with quantum computers and how they could
Speaker 1: crack our current encryption. I'm ready to explore how we
Speaker 1: can prepare for this quantum era.
Speaker 2: That's a great place to start. The book goes deeper
Speaker 2: into the real world challenges of implementing cryptography when quantum
Speaker 2: computers are a thing.
Speaker 1: So it's not just about having those new post quantum algorithms,
Speaker 1: it's about making them actually work in real systems, right right.
Speaker 2: One of the first challenges is the chance of making
Speaker 2: mistakes in the implementation. Even a super secure algorithm can
Speaker 2: be broken if it's not implemented correctly.
Speaker 1: I can see how that would be a problem. Are
Speaker 1: there any examples that show this?
Speaker 2: Yeah, The book talks about the bell Core attack on RSA.
Speaker 2: It used a weakness that had to do with fault injections.
Speaker 1: Fault injections, what's that?
Speaker 2: Imagine someone messing with a cryptographic device, like changing the
Speaker 2: power supply or using electromagnetic interference.
Speaker 1: So they're messing with the actual hardware, making.
Speaker 2: It glitch yep, and even tiny glitches can make the
Speaker 2: device give wrong results. The bell core attack showed how
Speaker 2: those errors could be used to get the secret keys
Speaker 2: used in RSA.
Speaker 1: Wow, So it's like tricking the system into revealing its
Speaker 1: secrets by making it mess up exactly.
Speaker 2: The bell core attack was a big deal. It showed
Speaker 2: that we have to think about not just how strong
Speaker 2: the algorithms are, but also how they're actually implemented in
Speaker 2: the real world.
Speaker 1: Right, it's all connected. You can have the strongest lock,
Speaker 1: but if the door is weak, it doesn't really matter exactly.
Speaker 2: And since we're talking about different layers of security, let's
Speaker 2: talk about TLS. It's what makes Internet communications secure, and
Speaker 2: the book says its security depends on getting the cryptography
Speaker 2: in implementation and configuration.
Speaker 1: All Right, TLS like HTTPS, that little padlock we see
Speaker 1: in our browsers that's it.
Speaker 2: The book explains how TLS works using the latest version,
Speaker 2: TLS one point three. It's like a handshake between the client,
Speaker 2: your browser, and the server the website.
Speaker 1: So they exchanged secret greetings before sharing any sensitive info.
Speaker 2: Right, They exchanged digital certificates, agree on which encryption algorithms
Speaker 2: to use, and create a secure channel.
Speaker 1: Okay, but there have been attacks on TLS before, right,
Speaker 1: like heart bleed.
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, heartbeaed was a big one. The book uses
Speaker 2: it as an example of how implementation flaws can break
Speaker 2: even the strongest security.
Speaker 1: Can you remind me what heart bleed was all about?
Speaker 1: I vaguely remember it.
Speaker 2: Heart Bleed took advantage of a bug in open SSL,
Speaker 2: which is used a lot for cryptography. It was a
Speaker 2: buffer overflow vulnerability. Basically, the program was tricked into reading
Speaker 2: more data than it should have.
Speaker 1: So it's like accidentally spilling secrets because you tried to
Speaker 1: fit too much info in a container.
Speaker 2: Good analogy That extra data could have sensitive stuff like
Speaker 2: encryption keys or passwords, and an attacker could get it.
Speaker 1: That's not good. So even with something as important as TLS,
Speaker 1: there are still these implementation issues to worry about.
Speaker 2: Yep, it's a reminder to be careful, keep your software updated,
Speaker 2: and make sure developers are writing secure code right.
Speaker 1: Security is everyone's responsibility. What about the future of cryptography? Then,
Speaker 1: we've talked about quantum computers, new algorithms, implementation challenges.
Speaker 2: What's next, that's the big question. The book says the
Speaker 2: future of cryptography depends on how our relationship with technology changes.
Speaker 1: So it's more than just algorithms and protocols. It's about
Speaker 1: how we use technology exactly.
Speaker 2: As we depend more on digital systems, we'll need strong
Speaker 2: cryptography even more.
Speaker 1: We're already seeing it with self driving cars, smart homes,
Speaker 1: personalized medicine. All those rely on secure data, right, and.
Speaker 2: As we trust more of our lives to these systems,
Speaker 2: the consequences of failures get bigger. Imagine a self driving
Speaker 2: car getting hacked or met data being leaked because of
Speaker 2: bad encryption.
Speaker 1: That's a little scary, but it shows how important cryptography is, for.
Speaker 2: Sure, and the book reminds us that cryptography is always changing,
Speaker 2: new algorithms, new attacks, new challenges.
Speaker 1: So it's like a race between the people making the
Speaker 1: defenses and the attackers in a way, yes.
Speaker 2: But it's also about working together to make a more
Speaker 2: secure digital world.
Speaker 1: I like that. So how can we the people using
Speaker 1: this technology help? What can we do to keep our
Speaker 1: data safe?
Speaker 2: The book has some ideas. First, stay informed, keep up
Speaker 2: with what's happening in cryptography, what the threats are, and
Speaker 2: how to protect your data.
Speaker 1: So be aware and take steps to be safe.
Speaker 2: Yeah. Another thing is to be preactive support groups that
Speaker 2: are pushing cryptography forward, promoting secure coding and fighting for
Speaker 2: privacy right.
Speaker 1: Security is a team effort. We all have a part
Speaker 1: to play.
Speaker 2: Definitely. As we finish up this deep dive into serious cryptography,
Speaker 2: I hope you have a better understanding of how vital
Speaker 2: cryptography is, the challenges we face. It's possible in the future.
Speaker 1: I know I do. This book has been amazing. It's
Speaker 1: made me realize that cryptography is more than just technical stuff.
Speaker 1: It's about freedom, privacy, and being able to trust technology.
Speaker 2: Couldn't have said it better. So to everyone listening, stay curious,
Speaker 2: stay informed, and remember that even with those quantum threats,
Speaker 2: we can have secure communication as long as we all
Speaker 2: work to protect it.
Speaker 1: That's a great point. Thanks for joining us on this
Speaker 1: journey through serious cryptography. Remember, knowledge is power, especially when
Speaker 1: it comes to cybersecurity. Until next time, Stay safe, stay secure,
Speaker 1: and keep learning.
Speaker 2: Welcome back to the deep dive. We're wrapping up our
Speaker 2: look at serious cryptography, and I'm thinking about the future.
Speaker 2: We've covered so much, like the basics of encryption, the
Speaker 2: quantum threat, even a bit of algebra.
Speaker 1: It has been quite the journey, and the book says,
Speaker 1: you know, the journey isn't over, it's really just starting.
Speaker 2: So where do we go from here? What's next for
Speaker 2: cryptography with all this technology?
Speaker 1: The book says that the future of cryptography is tied
Speaker 1: to how our relationship with technology changes. As we use
Speaker 1: digital systems more and more, we'll need really strong cryptography
Speaker 1: even more than now.
Speaker 2: That makes sense. Just look at self driving cars, smart homes,
Speaker 2: personalized medicine. They all need secure data right exactly.
Speaker 1: And as we trust these digital systems with more of
Speaker 1: our lives, if the cryptography fails, the consequences are bigger.
Speaker 1: Imagine as self driving car getting hacked or medical data
Speaker 1: leaking because of bad encryption. The stakes are high. It
Speaker 1: is a bit scary to think about, but it just
Speaker 1: shows how important it is to get cryptography right.
Speaker 2: Absolutely, and the book reminds us that cryptography never stands still,
Speaker 2: new algorithms, new attacks, new challenges.
Speaker 1: It's always changing, so it's like a constant back and
Speaker 1: forth between the people building the defenses and the attackers
Speaker 1: trying to break them.
Speaker 2: Kind Of Yeah, but it's more than just that. It's
Speaker 2: about everyone working together to make a more secure digital
Speaker 2: world for all of us.
Speaker 1: I like that. So how can we help as people
Speaker 1: using this technology? What can we do to make sure
Speaker 1: our data is The book.
Speaker 2: Has a few ideas. The biggest one is to stay informed,
Speaker 2: keep learning about new things in cryptography, what the new
Speaker 2: threats are, and the best ways to protect your information.
Speaker 1: So basically, know the risks and take steps to be
Speaker 1: safe right.
Speaker 2: Another thing is to be proactive. Support the groups and
Speaker 2: organizations working to make cryptography better, pushing for secure coding,
Speaker 2: and advocating for privacy.
Speaker 1: It really is a team effort, isn't it. We all
Speaker 1: have a part to play in this.
Speaker 2: I think so. And as we finish up this deep
Speaker 2: dive into serious cryptography, I hope you've learned something new
Speaker 2: and maybe even feel excited about the future of cryptography.
Speaker 1: I know I do. This book has been amazing. It
Speaker 1: made me realize that cryptography isn't just about technical stuff.
Speaker 1: It's really about our freedom, our privacy, and being able
Speaker 1: to trust all this technology we use every day.
Speaker 2: I couldn't have said it better myself. So to everyone listening,
Speaker 2: keep learning, stay curious, and remember that even with those
Speaker 2: quantum computers coming, we can have secure communication. We just
Speaker 2: need to work together to protect it.
Speaker 1: That's a perfect way to end it. Thanks for joining
Speaker 1: us on this amazing journey through serious cryptography, and remember
Speaker 1: knowledge is power, especially when it comes to online security.
Speaker 1: Until next time, stay safe, stay secure, and keep exploring
Speaker 1: the world of cryptography.