Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to mythic mind. We pursue wisdom of
Speaker 1: the past between primary and secondary worlds. I'm your host,
Speaker 1: Angreh Schnyder, and I am always grateful for your company. Okay,
Speaker 1: so today we are continuing with our series on Tolkien's
Speaker 1: translation of Beowulf. First, let's do a quick recap. So
Speaker 1: Rothgar of the Spear Danes had established the Great Mead
Speaker 1: Hall of Herout, which is where his loyal and valiant
Speaker 1: knights gather together following a night of celebrations of their
Speaker 1: feats and of extolling the goodness that is embedded in
Speaker 1: this world. The fell Beast, the Helrunin Grendel, emerged miss
Speaker 1: Layer in Hatred of the world of Man. With ignoble stealth,
Speaker 1: he sneaked into Herot and killed many of Rothgar's men.
Speaker 1: He continued to plugue the Danes Unhlted, and eventually he
Speaker 1: claimed Herot for his own, setting himself up as a
Speaker 1: kind of counterfeit king. Even as he himself is a
Speaker 1: counterfeit human of sorts, he is a creature of perversion
Speaker 1: of disorder. After the shadow brooded over the land for
Speaker 1: some time, word of the Danish Plight made its way
Speaker 1: to Beowulf of the Giats. Beowulf set sail across the
Speaker 1: sea with his mighty men, and he cleansed herot of
Speaker 1: this specter, defeating Grendel in hand to hand combat. He
Speaker 1: ripped Grendel's arm off, dealing a mortal blow to the
Speaker 1: demon as he fled back to his lair to die.
Speaker 1: Feasting and merriment abounded, and Beowulf was laden with honor
Speaker 1: and riches for his valiant deeds. However, we know that
Speaker 1: this cannot last long. Remember that in the Northern Mythos,
Speaker 1: the days of light and warmth are limited. Now they
Speaker 1: should be embraced. They absolutely must be embraced when they come,
Speaker 1: but they should not be embraced as things that are
Speaker 1: meant to last. We see this a lot in Tolkien
Speaker 1: as well, that peace, victory, and wholesome festivities are very
Speaker 1: often immediately followed by a resurgence of the shadow. For example,
Speaker 1: there's this line in the Silmarillion that has always stood
Speaker 1: out to me as Tolkien rites. In those days there
Speaker 1: is joy beneath the new sun and moon, and all
Speaker 1: the land was glad, but still the shadow brooded in
Speaker 1: the north. There is always a looming threat around the corner,
Speaker 1: and it would be no different for the Danes here.
Speaker 1: But before their next threat arrives, I want to point
Speaker 1: something out here. Even though they are in a mindset
Speaker 1: of celebration in victory, these knights have not let the
Speaker 1: guard down, which is easy to do. I just recently
Speaker 1: reread The Horse and His Boy, which is a Narni
Speaker 1: book if you're not familiar with your Lewis and Shasta,
Speaker 1: one of the main characters tell some of the Narnians
Speaker 1: that Arkinland is about to be attacked by the Klormans,
Speaker 1: and the first Narnians are barely phased. In fact, they
Speaker 1: actually go back to sleep, And we're told that they
Speaker 1: did this because they had become complacent because of the
Speaker 1: great peace and security that had been granted to them
Speaker 1: by their wise kings and queens. And we should definitely
Speaker 1: be grateful for peace when it comes, but this complacency
Speaker 1: is not good. We always need to be vigilant because
Speaker 1: there's always a new threat brooding in the shadows. As
Speaker 1: Tolkien said in a letter to his son Christopher, the
Speaker 1: future is impenetrable, especially to the wise, for what is
Speaker 1: really important is always hid from contemporaries, and the seeds
Speaker 1: of what is to be are quietly germinating in the dark,
Speaker 1: in some forgotten corner, while everyone is looking at Stalin
Speaker 1: or Hitler. And so the knights of Hrothgar do what
Speaker 1: they can to be prepared for the return of the Shadow.
Speaker 1: As we are told thereupon each bench, which plain to
Speaker 1: see above each night, the helm that he had borne
Speaker 1: aloft in battle, and his coat of ringed mail, his
Speaker 1: spear valiant in the press of war. Their manner was
Speaker 1: it that, seldom were they unprepared for the onslaught, be
Speaker 1: it at home or amid the host, or in either case,
Speaker 1: even at all such times as upon their liege Lord
Speaker 1: need should come. A worthy company, was that? And so
Speaker 1: there it is, as if it were not clear. The
Speaker 1: poet tells us that this is a noble company. This
Speaker 1: is a worthy company because they are always prepared to
Speaker 1: defend themselves, and more importantly, to defend their lord in
Speaker 1: the case of an attack. And of course we should
Speaker 1: be prepared as well. Maybe a felbeast, a literal helunin
Speaker 1: might not await you in the darkness, but something surely does,
Speaker 1: whether it be something in your own heart or an
Speaker 1: external threat against you, your family, or others that you
Speaker 1: are duty bound to protect. Yet even the most vigilant,
Speaker 1: the most prepared soldier must sleep eventually, And this is
Speaker 1: when the next threat will present itself, when the next
Speaker 1: nightmare will descend. We are told quote plained wasn't made
Speaker 1: and publish abroad among men that in an adventure to
Speaker 1: succes seed their foe lived. Yet long while after that
Speaker 1: woeful strife, Grendel's mother Ogress, fierce destroyer in the form
Speaker 1: of woman, misery was in her heart, she who must
Speaker 1: abide in the dreadful waters in the cold streams. Since
Speaker 1: Cain with the sword, became the slayer of his only brother,
Speaker 1: his kinsmen, by his father's blood end quote. And so
Speaker 1: we get a recap here of where Grendel and his
Speaker 1: brood come from. They are descended from Cain, the father
Speaker 1: of kinslayers. And as a reminder, this is where all
Speaker 1: the monsters originated in this mythos. Because Cain so betrayed
Speaker 1: the family bond, which is the most basic human bond,
Speaker 1: he actually was severing himself from the human race, and
Speaker 1: he became the progender of all kinds of fell creatures
Speaker 1: that lived as mockeries of man, and we are then
Speaker 1: reminded of how God bestowed on Beowulf the strength to
Speaker 1: defeat Grendel. And so the poet is very clearly setting
Speaker 1: up a cosmic conflict here between heaven and hell, God
Speaker 1: and his devilish enemies, and we might even say between
Speaker 1: reason and nonsense. Well, Grendel's mother sneaks into Heroes at
Speaker 1: night and kills one of the men, a Shara, who
Speaker 1: is Rothgar's right hand man, and when the others become
Speaker 1: alert to what is happening, she flees with a Sharer's corpse,
Speaker 1: because unlike Grendel, she doesn't seem to be completely impervious
Speaker 1: to blades. And unfortunately, Beowulf was not present for this attack,
Speaker 1: as he was gifted with other lodgings because of his
Speaker 1: last victory. And so the next morning, Beowulf strolls down
Speaker 1: to Herolt and asks Rothgar if he had good rest
Speaker 1: that night, to which Rothgar responds asks not for news
Speaker 1: of happy hours. Sorrow is come anew upon the people
Speaker 1: of the Danes. He goes on to explain what happened,
Speaker 1: and he says that there have been tails, maybe even
Speaker 1: just rumors that are in these myths of Grendel and
Speaker 1: his mother and their layer. And he describes it as
Speaker 1: a hidden land, high upon highlands, wolf haunted and windy cliffs,
Speaker 1: and the perilous passes of the fens, where the mountain
Speaker 1: stream goes down beneath the shadows of the cliffs, a
Speaker 1: river beneath the earth. There's an overgrown forest and waters
Speaker 1: that are continually set of flame. And really, what we're
Speaker 1: getting here is a kind of Anglo Saxon vision of Hell,
Speaker 1: this realm of chaos and desolation. And remember that the
Speaker 1: poet in Herot earlier in the story was celebrating a
Speaker 1: world that was designed for the habitation of men. Well,
Speaker 1: this location that we are now describing is very clearly
Speaker 1: the opposite of that. It is a perversion of the
Speaker 1: created order. It's a Beowulf here. He must march into
Speaker 1: Hell and do battle with this she devil. And at
Speaker 1: this point Rothgar is so wearied by sorrow that he
Speaker 1: begins to fall into despair, and Beowulf rebukes him for this, saying,
Speaker 1: grieve not o wise. One better is it for every
Speaker 1: man that he should avenge his friend, that he should
Speaker 1: lament to each one of us shall come in time
Speaker 1: the end of life in the world. Let him who
Speaker 1: may earn glory air his death. No better thing can
Speaker 1: brave Knight leave behind when he lies dead. Arise, O,
Speaker 1: Lord of this realm, swiftly let let us go and
Speaker 1: look upon the footprint of Grendel's kin. This I vow
Speaker 1: to thee in no refuge shall he ever hide, neither
Speaker 1: in bosom of earth, nor in mountain forest, nor in
Speaker 1: the deeps of his sea. Go where he will, for
Speaker 1: this day have patience in every woe, even as I
Speaker 1: know thou wilt. And this rouses Roathgar, leading him to
Speaker 1: rise up and to give thanks to God for using
Speaker 1: Beowulf's words to restore his valiance and his vigor. Beowulf
Speaker 1: in a band of warriors make their way to the
Speaker 1: layer of Grendel's mother, And definitely make sure that you
Speaker 1: read this account yourself, because because it really reads as
Speaker 1: a pretty profound thriller. As they make this journey into
Speaker 1: the nether world, so to speak, well, they eventually make
Speaker 1: their way to this pool of water where she lives,
Speaker 1: and they find it infested with serpent with dragons, which
Speaker 1: of course are symbolic of the chaos that typifies this
Speaker 1: devilish brood. And we're told that Unfirth gave Beowulf his sword,
Speaker 1: fronting recognizing Beowulf to be a worthier swordsman than he,
Speaker 1: And so we see some character development on Unforth's part.
Speaker 1: He originally scoffed at Beowulf before the fight with Grendel.
Speaker 1: I assume out of envy that Beowulf may be able
Speaker 1: to accomplish what he cannot. Well, now there's no questioning
Speaker 1: that Beowulf was surely the more valiant man, and so
Speaker 1: Unfirth surrendered unto Beowulf his sword, this great heirloom that
Speaker 1: had known many victories in battle. Then Beowulf gave a
Speaker 1: short speech explaining that this is the adventure that awaits
Speaker 1: him and that he is okay with the outcome, whether
Speaker 1: he live or die. And here's a major, perhaps the
Speaker 1: most important theme of this entire story of Beowulf, and
Speaker 1: that is our relationship with mortality. All mortals have the
Speaker 1: same fate. We will all die. The only question is
Speaker 1: how will we live. And this is how you form
Speaker 1: a healthy and intentional relationship with death. You begin by
Speaker 1: recognizing that you will die, that is your fate, and
Speaker 1: then you use that to propel a life worth living,
Speaker 1: a life that makes that death significant. In Contrafoustom, Saint
Speaker 1: Augustine points out that the real evil of war is
Speaker 1: not that people die, because again, they're going to do
Speaker 1: that anyways. They don't need help for that. He says
Speaker 1: that the real evils of war are love of violence, hatred,
Speaker 1: and despairing fear. These are the things that do not
Speaker 1: need to be but very often are. And this is
Speaker 1: the same kind of idea that we see here in Beowulf.
Speaker 1: If we die in the adventure pointed to us, then
Speaker 1: so be it. It is far worse not to take the adventure.
Speaker 1: As Sir Balin says in Malory, you must take the
Speaker 1: adventure that God will ordain you, or as Prince Willian
Speaker 1: says in the Silver Chair, as Land will be our
Speaker 1: good Lord, whether he means us to live or die,
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Speaker 1: And so with that, Beowulf dives into the water and
Speaker 1: fights the way down to Grendel's mother. He strikes her
Speaker 1: head with his sword, but it does not avail him,
Speaker 1: and so he casts the sword aside. And so we
Speaker 1: are told that he trusted in the strength and the
Speaker 1: grasp of his own mighty hands. Such shall a man's
Speaker 1: faith be when he thinks to win enduring fame and war.
Speaker 1: No care for his life will trouble him. And so
Speaker 1: this blade, this heirloom, this tool, this external asset, would
Speaker 1: not help him. He had to rely on his own strength.
Speaker 1: And this is an important point. External goods are only
Speaker 1: ever just that they are external. They may be assets
Speaker 1: at times, but Beowulf's strength was never dependent on such
Speaker 1: external realities. His strength was internal in his resolve to
Speaker 1: do what is right, no matter what it cost him.
Speaker 1: And so then with his own hands he cast down
Speaker 1: the ogress, but she fought back, and she had the
Speaker 1: upper hand for a time, and Beowulf himself was cast down.
Speaker 1: But he got back up. And the poet tells us
Speaker 1: the all seeing Lord, who governeth the heavens on high
Speaker 1: with ease, did give decision to the right when Beowulf
Speaker 1: again sprang up. Now I find this very interesting. Fate
Speaker 1: is a major theme of the story, and we're told
Speaker 1: that Beowolf's victories are owed to God's decisions. But notice
Speaker 1: that it does not say here that God determined or
Speaker 1: predetermined rather to give Beowulf victory. Now it says that
Speaker 1: God made his decision when Beowulf sprang up. Now, of
Speaker 1: course we could delve into a fuller conversation about how
Speaker 1: eternal providence works in relation to our experience in time,
Speaker 1: but that's a better question for Boethius, and so be
Speaker 1: sure that you sign up for the Beowulf in Boethia's
Speaker 1: course to get into some of that. But for right now,
Speaker 1: I think the important point is that Beowulf had a
Speaker 1: real decision to make in his deciding to get back
Speaker 1: up and fight, he made a genuine choice that revealed
Speaker 1: God's will for him to achieve victory. And so at
Speaker 1: this point, even before the fight is over, we know
Speaker 1: how it will end. And this is a important point.
Speaker 1: I've mentioned this in previous episodes, but it's worth noting again.
Speaker 1: This story has a lot of exciting scenes, but the
Speaker 1: story is not about that kind of excitement, which is
Speaker 1: why some of these scenes get spoiled, as we might say,
Speaker 1: before they are over makes me think of Tolkien with
Speaker 1: the Silmarillion, when he kicks it off by saying, this
Speaker 1: is the story of the Simmaroles, and they were lost.
Speaker 1: This is not a story about things happening, even though
Speaker 1: a lot of things happen. This is principally a story
Speaker 1: about our relationship with fate, and especially our relationship with
Speaker 1: the fate of our mortality. Well, at this point, Beywolf
Speaker 1: spots some war gear in the layer, and in particular
Speaker 1: he spots a sword of the Giants, this great Nephelin blade,
Speaker 1: which he uses to kill Grendel's mother, and then seeing
Speaker 1: Grendel's body, he cuts his head off to take it
Speaker 1: back as a trophy. Now, I find it interesting that
Speaker 1: the noble sword Hunting could not harm Grendel's mother, but
Speaker 1: this sword of the Giants could. I think that this
Speaker 1: is a commentary on the nature of evil, that is
Speaker 1: that it is self consuming. Evil isn't really a thing privation.
Speaker 1: It's an emptying out and nothingness withdrawing away from the good.
Speaker 1: And so the more evil something is, the less substantial
Speaker 1: it is, and so evil tends to be its own undoing.
Speaker 1: I think of Huron saying to Morgoth that he wasted
Speaker 1: his strength on his own emptiness. So too the blade
Speaker 1: of the giants, these monsters that fall into the same
Speaker 1: class that Grendel's mother belonged to. This is the undoing
Speaker 1: of this particular beast. And then shortly after the fight
Speaker 1: was over, the blade melted away, which again I assume
Speaker 1: says something about the tendency of evil to be its
Speaker 1: own undoing. And I think of in Perilandra, when the
Speaker 1: demonic unman is glorying in the phenomenon of death that
Speaker 1: he has wrought on the world. And then Ransom asked
Speaker 1: how it went for him when Meldel or Christ became
Speaker 1: acquainted with death. Evil is its own undoing in the end,
Speaker 1: Now Bail forsook the wealth that he found in the layer,
Speaker 1: taking for his plunder only the head of Grendel and
Speaker 1: the hilt of the sword, which served as trophies of
Speaker 1: the victory of the good over the evil. His people
Speaker 1: on the surface were despairing to this point, surely convinced
Speaker 1: of Beowulf's demise. But up he arose from the waters,
Speaker 1: now purged of the Helroudant's blight and brought back into
Speaker 1: proper order, And then with much cheer and good heart.
Speaker 1: They returned back to Herot. Beowulf opened the doors of
Speaker 1: the great meat Hall, I assumed like movie Aragorn, entering
Speaker 1: Helm's deep, dragging the massive head of Grendel by its locks.
Speaker 1: He then recounted his venture to Hrothgar as follows, Lo
Speaker 1: this plunder of the sea, O, son of half Dana,
Speaker 1: Shielding's prince, we gladly have brought to thee the token
Speaker 1: of my triumph, which here thou lookest on. Hardly did
Speaker 1: I save my life therein in war beneath the water perilously?
Speaker 1: Did dare that deed? Well nigh? Were there my days
Speaker 1: of battle ended? Were not God my shield? Nor might I,
Speaker 1: in that combat with Hrunting ought achieve good? Though that
Speaker 1: weapon be Nay, the Lord of men vouchsafed to me
Speaker 1: that on the wall I saw hanging fair, a mighty
Speaker 1: sword of all. Often again hath he guided those bereptive friends,
Speaker 1: And that weapon now I drew slew Then in that strife,
Speaker 1: when space was granted to me the guardians of the house,
Speaker 1: thereupon that blade of war, which woven ornament, was all consumed.
Speaker 1: Even as the blood sprang out gore most hot in battle,
Speaker 1: the hilt I bore thence from my foes, their evil deeds,
Speaker 1: avenged the death and torment of the Danes. Even as
Speaker 1: was meet this, do I promise thee henceforth, that thou
Speaker 1: mayest in heralt sleep untroubled, amid the proud host of
Speaker 1: thy men. Thou in each one of thy knights and captains,
Speaker 1: the proven and the young, that thou wilt not from
Speaker 1: that quarter have need to fear for them, King of
Speaker 1: the shieldings, the bane of good men's lives, as once
Speaker 1: thou didst Beowulf then presented the hilt of the giant's
Speaker 1: sword that fell the hell Dame to Rothgar, demonstrating Boulf's
Speaker 1: great honor. Unlike the Helrunin, Beowulf does not use his
Speaker 1: great strength to consume honor and treasures. He does not
Speaker 1: use it for his own sake, but he instead uses
Speaker 1: his great God given strength to put the world in
Speaker 1: order to serve and to secure goodness in this world.
Speaker 1: His job as a great Northern hero is to stoke
Speaker 1: the flames of herout and to strengthen the good kink
Speaker 1: growth Guard's position, that Prothgar himself might better fulfill his
Speaker 1: role in turn. And so here we see a hero
Speaker 1: of great strength and great honor, and one that we
Speaker 1: would all do well to emulate in our own lives. Now,
Speaker 1: if you are enjoying this series and you would like
Speaker 1: to go through it more extensively, with more commentary and
Speaker 1: more discussion of Tolkien's notes as well as others, then
Speaker 1: be sure to sign up for the Life, Death, and
Speaker 1: Meaning with Beowulf and Boethia's course that begins August nineteenth.
Speaker 1: This eight week study will go through Beowulf and Boethius's
Speaker 1: The Constellation of Philosophy, thereby giving you a profound taste
Speaker 1: of some of the best of medieval thought, imagination, and storytelling.
Speaker 1: Each of these eight weeks will include at least one
Speaker 1: video on that section of reading that goes into a
Speaker 1: commentary that goes into my own analysis and really works
Speaker 1: with his idea of life, death, and Meaning as we
Speaker 1: see it in those pages. And these are videos that
Speaker 1: you will have access to indefinitely, you can watch any
Speaker 1: time that you want to. And then we will also
Speaker 1: have weekly live meetings for anyone who's willing and able
Speaker 1: to jump on and talk about that section of reading.
Speaker 1: And if you aren't able to attend the live meetings.
Speaker 1: Then you'll be able to watch the recording, which will
Speaker 1: be available shortly after they happen, and you can sign
Speaker 1: up at Andrew Snyder dot Pattia dot com and you
Speaker 1: can find that link in the show notes. Also this week,
Speaker 1: we are wrapping up my first independent public facing course
Speaker 1: on the fiction and philosophy of C. S. Lewis. This
Speaker 1: was a great experience for me and I get the
Speaker 1: impression that it was for the participants as well. Although
Speaker 1: the live course is drawing to a close this week,
Speaker 1: for the rest of this month, I'm allowing you to
Speaker 1: enroll at half price to get indefinite access to all
Speaker 1: of the materials, and this includes course exclusive videos on
Speaker 1: the following Lewis text We have Out of the Silent Planet, Perilandra,
Speaker 1: the Screwtape, Letters, That Hideous Strength, the Abolition of Man
Speaker 1: till We Have Faces, the Great Divorce, and all of
Speaker 1: the Narnia books. Also, there will be a short video
Speaker 1: on The Dark Tower, which was Lewis's first attempt at
Speaker 1: a sequel to Out of the Silent Planet. To get
Speaker 1: all of this for half of the normal cost, again,
Speaker 1: you can go to Andrew Snyder dot Pattia dot com
Speaker 1: or click the link in the show notes. Also, you
Speaker 1: may have noticed that I did not run the auto
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