WEBVTT 1 00:00:01.080 --> 00:00:03.799 How'd you like to listen to dot NetRocks with no ads? 2 00:00:04.440 --> 00:00:04.799 Easy? 3 00:00:05.360 --> 00:00:08.560 Become a patron for just five dollars a month. You 4 00:00:08.599 --> 00:00:11.320 get access to a private RSS feed where all the 5 00:00:11.359 --> 00:00:14.560 shows have no ads. Twenty dollars a month. We'll get 6 00:00:14.599 --> 00:00:18.440 you that and a special dot NetRocks patron mug. Sign 7 00:00:18.519 --> 00:00:34.920 up now at Patreon dot dot NetRocks dot com. Hey, 8 00:00:34.960 --> 00:00:37.960 dot ed rockers, it's another geek out? 9 00:00:38.479 --> 00:00:39.240 Is that down again? 10 00:00:39.880 --> 00:00:45.320 I'm Carl and that's Richard. Hey, mostly Richard's stuff in 11 00:00:45.359 --> 00:00:48.600 this show, I'm gonna be asking dumb questions and agreeing 12 00:00:48.600 --> 00:00:51.479 with him. We're disagreeing. I doubt I'll disagree that much. 13 00:00:51.719 --> 00:00:53.399 You try. But you know I work pretty hard to 14 00:00:53.439 --> 00:00:55.200 be pretty middle of the road on a lot of 15 00:00:55.240 --> 00:00:55.640 this stuff. 16 00:00:55.719 --> 00:00:59.079 Right, Yes, you do, Yeah, and work hard you do. 17 00:00:59.200 --> 00:01:02.479 So this is our annual space geek out, right. 18 00:01:02.479 --> 00:01:05.560 Richard, Yes, it's time for the space geek out. It's 19 00:01:05.599 --> 00:01:06.200 been a good year. 20 00:01:06.359 --> 00:01:09.120 Yeah, but before we do that, let's do a little better. 21 00:01:09.120 --> 00:01:10.159 No framework awesome? 22 00:01:18.079 --> 00:01:18.519 All right? Man? 23 00:01:18.560 --> 00:01:23.120 What got Okay? Well, our friend Brian McKay sent me this. 24 00:01:23.120 --> 00:01:24.920 That guy again, I know that guy? 25 00:01:25.000 --> 00:01:30.439 Yeah, he sent us this. Basically it's called suno s 26 00:01:30.519 --> 00:01:35.480 uno dot com and you can essentially create your own 27 00:01:36.159 --> 00:01:40.840 song music with lyrics with the vocalist just by creating 28 00:01:40.840 --> 00:01:41.359 a prompt. 29 00:01:41.439 --> 00:01:41.879 Wow. 30 00:01:41.920 --> 00:01:46.680 And yeah, and Brian really loves this because you know, 31 00:01:46.760 --> 00:01:47.359 he doesn't. 32 00:01:47.159 --> 00:01:49.719 Have because he's not you who could make a song. 33 00:01:50.200 --> 00:01:52.840 Yeah, he doesn't have a recording studio. He can't lay 34 00:01:52.840 --> 00:01:55.840 down tracks, you know. So so I kind of see this. 35 00:01:56.480 --> 00:02:01.640 Or incredible experience and expertise and making music, you know, 36 00:02:01.959 --> 00:02:03.400 years of effort. 37 00:02:03.599 --> 00:02:06.120 Yeah, so at first I was At first, I was, 38 00:02:06.319 --> 00:02:09.280 you know, like you, I had a negative reaction, like 39 00:02:09.360 --> 00:02:12.639 you know. Also, it didn't help that he was saying 40 00:02:12.800 --> 00:02:15.199 all the recording companies are out of business. 41 00:02:15.199 --> 00:02:18.800 It's like, yeah, which is daft not true. 42 00:02:18.960 --> 00:02:21.039 Well, they're already screwed, you know, they're. 43 00:02:21.000 --> 00:02:24.520 Yeah, and by the way, mostly scumbacks, right like the 44 00:02:24.639 --> 00:02:27.039 artists are. So we're gonna have a hard time being 45 00:02:27.080 --> 00:02:29.439 unhappy about it when those guys are done, because they 46 00:02:29.439 --> 00:02:31.080 have been providing value for a long time. 47 00:02:31.240 --> 00:02:33.719 And I also think that, you know, when you have 48 00:02:33.879 --> 00:02:37.280 these things out there and people are hearing them and 49 00:02:37.319 --> 00:02:41.199 then learning that they're AI generated or whatever, they tend 50 00:02:41.280 --> 00:02:44.000 to swing back the other way. They want to go 51 00:02:44.080 --> 00:02:46.800 out and see live music that's done by real people, 52 00:02:47.759 --> 00:02:50.159 and they want to you know, engage with their favorite 53 00:02:50.159 --> 00:02:52.680 bands and stuff all over again. And it's kind of 54 00:02:52.719 --> 00:02:55.879 like what happened with Vinyl, right, you know, people come 55 00:02:55.960 --> 00:02:56.800 back to the stars. 56 00:02:57.080 --> 00:02:59.240 I think the Vinyl thing is bizarre to me because 57 00:02:59.240 --> 00:03:02.080 it's an it's not that good a reproduction of music, 58 00:03:02.159 --> 00:03:02.840 per se. 59 00:03:02.919 --> 00:03:05.520 No, but it's the romance of it that people like. 60 00:03:05.759 --> 00:03:06.360 The ritual. 61 00:03:06.439 --> 00:03:10.439 Yeah, the ritual. Yeah, I'm with you. And you know, 62 00:03:10.639 --> 00:03:13.120 I think part of it is that in contemporary music 63 00:03:13.159 --> 00:03:15.319 these days, with the Spotify's and so forth, music is 64 00:03:15.360 --> 00:03:17.919 totally background. And if there's any person who taught me 65 00:03:18.759 --> 00:03:22.039 about music being listened to, it was you, because. 66 00:03:21.800 --> 00:03:23.960 I, oh, really, and you've been a listener of music 67 00:03:24.000 --> 00:03:25.319 for a long long time though. 68 00:03:25.199 --> 00:03:28.240 Sure, sure, but I've never What I learned from you 69 00:03:28.520 --> 00:03:30.520 was like, you never want to be background music. If 70 00:03:30.520 --> 00:03:32.719 I'm playing, it's you want to listen to me? Yeah, 71 00:03:32.759 --> 00:03:33.719 you don't want to listen to me. I'm not going 72 00:03:33.800 --> 00:03:36.800 to play, right, And I realized I don't play music 73 00:03:36.840 --> 00:03:39.240 all the time because I tend to play music to 74 00:03:39.400 --> 00:03:39.919 listen to it. 75 00:03:40.080 --> 00:03:44.840 Yeah, right, And that's a dying practice. I think there 76 00:03:44.840 --> 00:03:48.120 are less people with really good Hi fi systems and 77 00:03:48.159 --> 00:03:51.039 speakers where they go into a dark room and they 78 00:03:51.080 --> 00:03:54.319 put on an album or something and just listen. Yeah. 79 00:03:54.439 --> 00:03:57.159 Yeah, I think it's very rare and imdally I don't 80 00:03:57.199 --> 00:03:58.840 have that kind of gear, you know. I think my 81 00:03:58.960 --> 00:04:07.000 best sounding system is my Bow's earbuds. Yeah yeah, because 82 00:04:07.000 --> 00:04:10.199 they're they're super local and they they're noise suppressing, so 83 00:04:10.240 --> 00:04:11.560 I just hear the music. 84 00:04:11.719 --> 00:04:14.879 So the way I and as I said before, my 85 00:04:14.919 --> 00:04:16.600 first reaction was like, you know. 86 00:04:17.160 --> 00:04:19.439 Blah blah blah blah. 87 00:04:19.480 --> 00:04:22.319 But the way I look at it now now that 88 00:04:22.360 --> 00:04:24.680 I've had some time because he first told me about this, 89 00:04:24.879 --> 00:04:28.399 you know, way earlier in the year, The way I 90 00:04:28.439 --> 00:04:31.240 look at it now is sort of like the evolution 91 00:04:31.399 --> 00:04:35.160 of the cassio keyboard, you know, and maybe. 92 00:04:34.920 --> 00:04:40.040 Right right, which was a joke and then became an instrument, yeah. 93 00:04:39.680 --> 00:04:45.079 And maybe garage band, you know, where people who don't 94 00:04:45.120 --> 00:04:47.720 really know how to play or do anything can put 95 00:04:47.759 --> 00:04:50.560 together music. And I just see it as sort of 96 00:04:50.600 --> 00:04:52.959 an evolution of that so that the people who aren't 97 00:04:53.000 --> 00:04:57.600 musicians can get the same sort of satisfaction, right that 98 00:04:58.319 --> 00:05:01.079 somebody who writes and record as a song would. 99 00:05:00.920 --> 00:05:06.920 Have, you know, admittedly without the work, but also a 100 00:05:07.000 --> 00:05:09.439 limited ability to do anything about it too. So yeah, 101 00:05:09.920 --> 00:05:12.240 it's a toy, but it's a toy that leads to 102 00:05:12.279 --> 00:05:13.639 more creativity. I think that's cool. 103 00:05:13.639 --> 00:05:15.319 But if you listen to some of the songs just 104 00:05:15.360 --> 00:05:19.319 on son dot com, you'll think, what that sounds like 105 00:05:19.360 --> 00:05:24.160 a professionally recorded wow song? Yeah that how can that 106 00:05:24.240 --> 00:05:27.279 not be a human? But so I don't know like 107 00:05:27.319 --> 00:05:30.920 where they're getting their samples from and how they're redoing things. 108 00:05:31.319 --> 00:05:34.319 That's always the question, isn't Yeah, yeah, I can't tell 109 00:05:34.360 --> 00:05:36.879 you how people have now sent me copies of of 110 00:05:37.199 --> 00:05:40.839 AI generated podcasts where the male voice sounds like me. 111 00:05:41.160 --> 00:05:44.279 Yeah, like I haven't. I haven't received one of those yet, 112 00:05:44.279 --> 00:05:45.480 but you can easily make one. 113 00:05:45.600 --> 00:05:48.920 I mean yeah, so but I am I. Is it 114 00:05:49.040 --> 00:05:51.439 likely that my voice has been sampled? Yeah? Pretty likely? 115 00:05:51.680 --> 00:05:54.240 Probably thousand hours out there, you know, like, yeah, what 116 00:05:54.279 --> 00:05:56.000 are you gonna do? Right? Anyway? 117 00:05:56.199 --> 00:05:59.439 Right? Anyway? So that's it, thanks Brian, and we'll have 118 00:05:59.480 --> 00:06:04.639 more from him, I'm sure in subsequent episodes. So you 119 00:06:04.680 --> 00:06:05.959 got a comment, Richard, Yeah, I. 120 00:06:05.920 --> 00:06:07.680 Grabbed a comment off of a geek out. Actually I 121 00:06:07.680 --> 00:06:13.240 went back to the Interplanetary Transport System. Geekout. That's thirteen 122 00:06:13.319 --> 00:06:15.399 sixty four, the one we did back in twenty sixteen, 123 00:06:15.439 --> 00:06:18.519 which was when Elon started talking about the vehicle that 124 00:06:18.560 --> 00:06:20.560 would become Starship. 125 00:06:20.800 --> 00:06:22.839 Elon the next president of the United States. 126 00:06:23.279 --> 00:06:25.319 I thought he was a Speaker of the House. I'm sorry, oh, 127 00:06:25.360 --> 00:06:30.000 well whatever, whatever. But yeah, you know, he had this 128 00:06:30.040 --> 00:06:32.680 whole idea of the its and being on having a 129 00:06:32.680 --> 00:06:36.040 million pede on Mars by twenty fifty, which all of 130 00:06:36.079 --> 00:06:38.160 which I think is a kind of an insane idea 131 00:06:38.399 --> 00:06:42.040 and you know, questionably and smart, but it he focused 132 00:06:42.079 --> 00:06:45.279 on the real problem, which is less expensive lift the space, 133 00:06:45.319 --> 00:06:47.680 which is what SpaceX has been doing all along, right, 134 00:06:47.839 --> 00:06:50.720 like right before SpaceX it was about twenty thousand akilo 135 00:06:50.800 --> 00:06:53.360 to lower th arbit and then I mean today, I 136 00:06:53.399 --> 00:06:56.519 think a Falcon nine is maybe eighteen hundred dollars a kilo, 137 00:06:57.040 --> 00:06:59.480 and Starship at being fully reusable could be under one 138 00:06:59.519 --> 00:07:00.800 hundred dollars. Is astonishing. 139 00:07:01.160 --> 00:07:01.399 Wow. 140 00:07:01.519 --> 00:07:04.360 If it works, it's making progress, but it's not there 141 00:07:05.639 --> 00:07:08.720 without scorching the earth, blowing holes in the ground or 142 00:07:08.759 --> 00:07:10.759 any of those fun things. Yeah, like if they're working 143 00:07:10.800 --> 00:07:14.120 that stuff out, yeah, way sure, lots of comments on 144 00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:16.120 that show, and admittedly these are a few years ago, 145 00:07:16.480 --> 00:07:19.759 but the comment I grab is from James O'Sullivan who says, Hi, 146 00:07:19.879 --> 00:07:23.279 Richrid and Carl, longtime listener, first time caller, great show. 147 00:07:23.279 --> 00:07:24.959 As always, you pair have been keeping me entertained and 148 00:07:25.040 --> 00:07:28.480 educated on my commutes since the early hundreds. 149 00:07:28.759 --> 00:07:29.079 Wow. 150 00:07:29.240 --> 00:07:32.480 Okay of episodes, right, So okay, it occurred to me 151 00:07:32.839 --> 00:07:35.639 that there doesn't have to be any single launch missions. 152 00:07:35.639 --> 00:07:38.199 When a payload requires all the fuel to achieve orbit, 153 00:07:38.360 --> 00:07:42.079 that vehicle just be parked and then provided a sufficient 154 00:07:42.120 --> 00:07:45.439 fuel leftover. You know, you can park the launch vehicle 155 00:07:45.480 --> 00:07:48.439 away a bit and then maybe this is all science fiction, 156 00:07:48.560 --> 00:07:51.319 but a tanker mission could be used to refuel the 157 00:07:51.399 --> 00:07:54.680 vehicles and then you can do subsequent fly from there, 158 00:07:55.399 --> 00:07:58.399 which is exactly what's being proposed, right, even for the 159 00:07:58.480 --> 00:08:01.319 upcoming lunar missions or a star is that they want 160 00:08:01.360 --> 00:08:04.600 to build a tanker solution with starship to do these things. 161 00:08:05.000 --> 00:08:07.680 You know, the vast majority of fuel gets consumed trying 162 00:08:07.720 --> 00:08:10.800 to get into orbit and it limits missions. In fact, 163 00:08:10.800 --> 00:08:12.279 this will come up a few times in the geek 164 00:08:12.279 --> 00:08:15.600 Out today, right, And so solving the tanking problem something 165 00:08:15.639 --> 00:08:18.319 that's never been done. We've never transferred fuel between the 166 00:08:18.399 --> 00:08:23.040 vehicles before in orbit will be an interesting challenge, and 167 00:08:23.920 --> 00:08:25.560 certainly in the cars it's. 168 00:08:25.439 --> 00:08:28.079 A challenge if you think about it, because all right, 169 00:08:28.120 --> 00:08:30.240 you take all this fuel to get off the ground, 170 00:08:30.879 --> 00:08:33.279 so the tanker also has to get a lot of 171 00:08:33.279 --> 00:08:35.759 fuel to get off the ground, and how much of 172 00:08:35.799 --> 00:08:37.879 it is left by the time they get to the 173 00:08:38.000 --> 00:08:39.320 to the you know. 174 00:08:39.279 --> 00:08:44.519 The fully loaded fueled starship stack as it stands today 175 00:08:44.600 --> 00:08:48.720 is about five thousand metric tons and it gets about 176 00:08:48.759 --> 00:08:51.879 one hundred potentially one hundred metric tons to orbit, which 177 00:08:51.919 --> 00:08:55.720 is actually credible. So yeah, so it could do to 178 00:08:55.799 --> 00:08:59.440 be able to fully fuel the thing to be, the 179 00:08:59.480 --> 00:09:01.960 tankers will not be able to transport that much fuel 180 00:09:02.519 --> 00:09:05.840 when in the original the current set of proposals for 181 00:09:06.120 --> 00:09:11.240 the starship based moon Lander, there's between like four and 182 00:09:11.279 --> 00:09:15.279 sixteen refuelings of that lander once they get into orbit 183 00:09:15.399 --> 00:09:16.759 before it can fly to the Moon. 184 00:09:17.159 --> 00:09:20.519 Can we talk on a previous space geek out about 185 00:09:21.480 --> 00:09:25.679 having a solar powered station on the Moon that would 186 00:09:25.720 --> 00:09:30.600 generate fuel, so that could be like a dock to 187 00:09:30.759 --> 00:09:32.679 jump off to Mars or something like that. 188 00:09:32.759 --> 00:09:35.120 There's a few options there. I mean One of the 189 00:09:35.159 --> 00:09:37.960 issues here is that chemical fuel is very heavy for 190 00:09:38.120 --> 00:09:43.519 its total power. Like a nuclear fueled rocket or operating 191 00:09:43.600 --> 00:09:45.960 rocket would only have to carry propell and it wouldn't 192 00:09:45.960 --> 00:09:50.159 also need the oxidizer, so that gets more efficient. We've 193 00:09:50.159 --> 00:09:56.039 talked about electrical energy systems, so hal effect thrusters where 194 00:09:56.159 --> 00:09:57.639 you're only carrying a little bit of fuel and you're 195 00:09:57.679 --> 00:10:01.279 using electricity to accelerate that fuel turn it into a plasma. 196 00:10:01.399 --> 00:10:03.840 It's not a lot of thrust, but it's very efficient, 197 00:10:04.519 --> 00:10:08.360 and you could offload that energy generation with microwaves. So 198 00:10:08.440 --> 00:10:10.799 between the Earth and the Moon, you could reasonably use 199 00:10:11.000 --> 00:10:13.639 a microwave relay system to operate that. There's all kinds 200 00:10:13.679 --> 00:10:15.039 of interesting ideas in this space. 201 00:10:15.320 --> 00:10:17.799 Microwaves are great, just don't get in the middle of them. 202 00:10:17.960 --> 00:10:19.840 Yeah, it depends on the frequency of the microwave. Most 203 00:10:19.840 --> 00:10:22.639 of the time microwaves won't affect people at all. It's 204 00:10:22.679 --> 00:10:25.639 just if you happen to use the microwave frequency at 205 00:10:25.639 --> 00:10:29.120 tuned to water, it'll burn you, but just burn Yeah. 206 00:10:29.120 --> 00:10:31.919 I guess I was thinking of microwaves for power, right, 207 00:10:32.000 --> 00:10:35.840 I mean, they have to be a pretty high whatever 208 00:10:35.879 --> 00:10:40.039 it is watts, volts amps in order to work over 209 00:10:40.120 --> 00:10:42.679 long distances, and those things would fry you if you 210 00:10:43.360 --> 00:10:44.919 happen to walk onto it. 211 00:10:44.879 --> 00:10:46.919 Or they'd pass right through you, one or the other, right, Like, 212 00:10:46.960 --> 00:10:49.240 it depends on the frequency, whether not they're interact with 213 00:10:49.240 --> 00:10:52.240 yourselves or not. Photons are funny that way. You know 214 00:10:52.480 --> 00:10:54.639 you have estrinos going through all the time. 215 00:10:54.759 --> 00:10:57.200 Well I knew that. I just thought microwaves were a 216 00:10:57.240 --> 00:11:01.519 particular wavelength that was very small all that been focused 217 00:11:02.159 --> 00:11:04.480 and therefore could be really damaging. 218 00:11:04.679 --> 00:11:07.639 The microwave band is larger than you think, So it depends. 219 00:11:07.639 --> 00:11:10.679 The answer is it depends. But yeah, in general, don't 220 00:11:10.679 --> 00:11:11.559 hang out with micro. 221 00:11:11.559 --> 00:11:13.279 This is why I like talking to you, Richard, because 222 00:11:13.320 --> 00:11:17.279 you know, I clear up these misnomers that. 223 00:11:17.720 --> 00:11:19.879 It's more complicated than you think, and so is everything, 224 00:11:19.960 --> 00:11:22.879 right Like, that's sort of the reality of it. So, James, Hey, 225 00:11:22.879 --> 00:11:24.879 thanks so much for your comment, admittedly a few years ago, 226 00:11:24.919 --> 00:11:27.559 but still relevant today. And a copy of music Cobey 227 00:11:27.600 --> 00:11:28.720 is on its way to you, And if you'd like 228 00:11:28.759 --> 00:11:30.320 a copy of music Code, I read a comment on 229 00:11:30.360 --> 00:11:32.919 the website at dot NetRocks dot com or on the facebooks. 230 00:11:32.919 --> 00:11:34.919 We publish every show there, and if you comment there 231 00:11:34.960 --> 00:11:36.320 and I read on the show, we'll send you copy 232 00:11:36.399 --> 00:11:37.159 music co buy. 233 00:11:37.240 --> 00:11:40.399 Music to code by is your friend for coding. You 234 00:11:40.440 --> 00:11:43.600 should not code without it. Go to music to code 235 00:11:43.600 --> 00:11:46.080 by dot net if you don't, in fact, win a 236 00:11:46.120 --> 00:11:49.960 free copy. But you can do that also by getting 237 00:11:50.000 --> 00:11:52.799 on the social media's where we've been on ex Twitter 238 00:11:52.840 --> 00:11:55.600 for a long time. Of course, we're on Blue Sky 239 00:11:55.799 --> 00:11:59.600 and we're I'm astaed on and I think even on threads, 240 00:11:59.600 --> 00:12:01.639 but I'm not really paying attention to threads, are you. 241 00:12:01.919 --> 00:12:04.639 Yeah, I mean I check threads that I post on threads, 242 00:12:04.960 --> 00:12:07.480 but yeah, and it's got a lot more users in 243 00:12:07.519 --> 00:12:09.559 Blue Sky, but not at the same level of engagement. 244 00:12:09.840 --> 00:12:11.759 And I think we're on Instagram too by nature of 245 00:12:11.799 --> 00:12:13.440 the fact that we have dot net rocks on. 246 00:12:13.440 --> 00:12:16.840 Facebook, right sort of. Yeah, I really have never paid 247 00:12:16.960 --> 00:12:19.399 because always some p Instagram is very picture centric and 248 00:12:19.440 --> 00:12:22.759 that's not what a podcast is. Yeah, all right, so 249 00:12:23.399 --> 00:12:25.200 do you want to do the history thing. 250 00:12:25.480 --> 00:12:28.519 Let's do the history thing just really briefly. So this 251 00:12:28.600 --> 00:12:33.080 is episode nineteen thirty, and this is when the Great 252 00:12:33.120 --> 00:12:35.039 Depression was really in full swing. 253 00:12:35.759 --> 00:12:37.720 Get going, right, Yeah, So. 254 00:12:37.759 --> 00:12:41.720 In twenty nine the you know, more than four million 255 00:12:41.759 --> 00:12:45.600 people were unemployed as a result of the crash, and 256 00:12:46.279 --> 00:12:52.440 notable events included the discovery of Pluto yeah by Arizona scientists, 257 00:12:52.480 --> 00:12:57.240 and the first US Census question regarding radio ownership, reflecting 258 00:12:57.279 --> 00:13:01.399 the growing interest in communication technology. Cool what else you 259 00:13:01.440 --> 00:13:02.840 got for nineteen thirty. 260 00:13:04.320 --> 00:13:08.480 The year that sliced bread was invented? Really true? Yeah? Yeah? 261 00:13:08.679 --> 00:13:09.440 Is that that late? 262 00:13:09.919 --> 00:13:10.279 Wow? 263 00:13:10.559 --> 00:13:14.279 I wonder why trying to get be more efficient with bread? 264 00:13:15.279 --> 00:13:19.759 Funny that, And you know, discovering Pluto's not a trivial problem. 265 00:13:19.799 --> 00:13:23.200 He kind of got lucky that he took to Tombak, 266 00:13:23.240 --> 00:13:25.600 took two pictures of the same area in space and 267 00:13:25.720 --> 00:13:27.720 saw it and saw Pluto moving through it because it's 268 00:13:27.840 --> 00:13:31.399 very dim and not gravitationally irrelevant and not a planet, 269 00:13:31.720 --> 00:13:34.039 never rt a planet, a dwarf planet. 270 00:13:34.440 --> 00:13:36.759 Have you ever heard Neil de grass Tyson defend his 271 00:13:37.000 --> 00:13:40.919 vote on because everybody blames him for killing Pluto right now, 272 00:13:40.960 --> 00:13:42.559 it wasn't his fault, it was it wasn't his fault 273 00:13:42.600 --> 00:13:46.120 at all. And he said that there's there's thousands of 274 00:13:46.240 --> 00:13:52.000 Pluto sized asteroids floating around the Sun that you know, 275 00:13:52.039 --> 00:13:54.120 we don't call planets because they're not a planet. 276 00:13:54.279 --> 00:13:57.080 Well, an there's Pluto. It was Sedna that was really 277 00:13:57.080 --> 00:14:00.320 the problem, because Sedna, as the calculations came in, was 278 00:14:00.360 --> 00:14:03.159 going to is larger than Pluto. And so it would 279 00:14:03.240 --> 00:14:04.960 have if if Pluto is a planet, then said as 280 00:14:05.000 --> 00:14:08.159 a planet, and at least three or four more, and 281 00:14:08.200 --> 00:14:10.960 then you get into the smaller ones and the ones 282 00:14:11.000 --> 00:14:12.279 we haven't seen yet and so forth. 283 00:14:12.279 --> 00:14:12.840 It gets hard. 284 00:14:12.919 --> 00:14:16.600 So it's not in the ecliptic plane. It transitions across 285 00:14:16.639 --> 00:14:21.360 some of the the across Neptune's orbit. Yeah, it's a 286 00:14:21.440 --> 00:14:25.519 dwarf planet. It's fairly All of these definitions are arbitrar. 287 00:14:25.519 --> 00:14:28.720 So I thought planet meant wanderer, and. 288 00:14:28.600 --> 00:14:30.799 Well that's what the That was the literal translation from 289 00:14:30.799 --> 00:14:31.120 the grind. 290 00:14:31.159 --> 00:14:34.440 And if it orbits around the sun, right, isn't it 291 00:14:34.480 --> 00:14:35.000 a planet? 292 00:14:35.200 --> 00:14:38.480 Well, that means all of the Trojan asteroids and all 293 00:14:38.519 --> 00:14:40.320 of the debris and the asteroid belt and so forth, 294 00:14:40.399 --> 00:14:43.399 Like now you get into millions of objects. 295 00:14:42.960 --> 00:14:45.159 Right, so I guess at some point you have to 296 00:14:45.200 --> 00:14:47.440 say it's the size that matters. 297 00:14:47.919 --> 00:14:51.440 Yeah, like it can. And so they've started to fabricate 298 00:14:51.559 --> 00:14:54.720 a more elaborate description of planets, like clearing your orbital 299 00:14:54.759 --> 00:14:59.159 playing like that kind of thing and all with degrees 300 00:14:59.200 --> 00:15:04.240 of issue essentially. But Pluto was absolutely an odd duck 301 00:15:04.240 --> 00:15:06.879 when you look at its behavior, it doesn't behave the 302 00:15:06.919 --> 00:15:08.279 same as the other eight planets. 303 00:15:08.320 --> 00:15:10.799 But man, those close up images that we came up with. 304 00:15:10.759 --> 00:15:15.480 Were beautiful, total miracle, right that way, more interesting than 305 00:15:15.519 --> 00:15:20.320 anybody ever expected. Astonishing. Really, it was supposed to be 306 00:15:20.399 --> 00:15:23.080 just a nice ball, totally uninteresting, and we were wrong 307 00:15:23.960 --> 00:15:28.320 again again. It's a great thing about exploration. You find 308 00:15:28.399 --> 00:15:31.080 new things, and we found new things. 309 00:15:31.600 --> 00:15:33.240 Okay, man, you have the floor. 310 00:15:33.559 --> 00:15:38.600 Well, so this is the fourth year in a row 311 00:15:39.240 --> 00:15:42.759 of a record number of space flights for the world, 312 00:15:43.200 --> 00:15:46.320 two hundred and fifty one launches, with two hundred and 313 00:15:46.399 --> 00:15:50.759 forty four successful, five flat out failures, and two partial failures. 314 00:15:50.759 --> 00:15:52.279 And we can talk a little bit about those. 315 00:15:52.559 --> 00:15:54.279 And that's all over the world, right. 316 00:15:54.320 --> 00:15:57.200 All the way around the world. But of that, to 317 00:15:57.240 --> 00:16:02.919 be clear, one hundred and thirty six of them are 318 00:16:03.039 --> 00:16:09.159 SpaceX so more than half. Right, Like, it's astonishing. Their 319 00:16:09.200 --> 00:16:11.320 goal was to fly one hundred and forty four times 320 00:16:11.320 --> 00:16:13.240 this year. Then they raise it to one hundred and 321 00:16:13.320 --> 00:16:16.240 forty eight. But now they looks like it's actually gonna 322 00:16:16.240 --> 00:16:19.039 one hundred and thirty six. Yeah, you know, he's not 323 00:16:19.120 --> 00:16:22.200 quite done yet. Every time I start thinking ill of Elon, 324 00:16:22.279 --> 00:16:26.799 I think about SpaceX and then yeah, and admittedly he's 325 00:16:26.960 --> 00:16:31.240 just one person in this equation and certainly a driving force. Yeah, 326 00:16:32.279 --> 00:16:36.039 but they're Glenn Shotwell is an extraordinary woman and really 327 00:16:36.120 --> 00:16:39.000 runs that company well. And there's a huge number of 328 00:16:39.080 --> 00:16:42.720 engineers creating miracles, you know, making a tremendous program. 329 00:16:42.840 --> 00:16:43.440 Fantastic. 330 00:16:43.720 --> 00:16:47.240 So the Falcon nines now had over four hundred flights, 331 00:16:47.399 --> 00:16:49.879 putting it into the league almost by itself only so 332 00:16:50.120 --> 00:16:50.759 used playing them. 333 00:16:50.840 --> 00:16:52.840 Wow. And the Falcon nine is the one that can 334 00:16:53.039 --> 00:16:54.200 land vertically. 335 00:16:54.279 --> 00:16:58.200 It lands. It's yeah, that's landed its booster now over 336 00:16:58.240 --> 00:16:59.320 three hundred times. 337 00:16:59.480 --> 00:16:59.840 Wow. 338 00:17:00.679 --> 00:17:03.879 They've also had a record this year of fastest turnaround 339 00:17:03.919 --> 00:17:06.599 for a booster. They reflew it two weeks later. 340 00:17:06.759 --> 00:17:07.359 Wow. 341 00:17:07.440 --> 00:17:12.240 And that included several days transport by barge. She got 342 00:17:12.240 --> 00:17:13.720 it back into shape and fluid again. 343 00:17:14.400 --> 00:17:15.880 So take that Space Shuttle. 344 00:17:16.599 --> 00:17:19.279 So if you figure there were one hundred and twenty 345 00:17:19.279 --> 00:17:22.839 two Falcon nine flights, how many boosters do you think 346 00:17:22.880 --> 00:17:24.599 there are to fly one hundred and twenty two times 347 00:17:24.599 --> 00:17:24.960 a year? 348 00:17:25.720 --> 00:17:26.079 I don't know. 349 00:17:26.119 --> 00:17:29.519 Double that. Yeah, there's only eighteen in rotation. What because 350 00:17:29.519 --> 00:17:32.720 they because they keep reusing them, right, wow, So yeah, 351 00:17:32.799 --> 00:17:37.119 eighteen boosters currently. Sometimes they throw them away, sometimes they fail, 352 00:17:38.319 --> 00:17:41.119 but and they old. This year they set a record 353 00:17:41.119 --> 00:17:44.039 two boosters have set a record now of twenty four flights. 354 00:17:44.319 --> 00:17:47.559 That's amazing, including at one point they a few times 355 00:17:47.599 --> 00:17:51.799 this year they flew three times on the same day too, 356 00:17:51.880 --> 00:17:54.599 because they've got two pads in Florida, one pad into 357 00:17:54.640 --> 00:17:56.880 California and they use them all on the same day. 358 00:17:57.119 --> 00:17:57.559 Wow. 359 00:17:58.759 --> 00:18:01.039 So yeah, And at the point where we're recording this, 360 00:18:01.079 --> 00:18:03.920 which is sort of mid December because it comes out 361 00:18:04.839 --> 00:18:08.279 right after Christmas, there's still more six more flights planned 362 00:18:08.480 --> 00:18:09.759 for the end of the year to get to that 363 00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:12.240 one hundred and thirty six. They also flew two Falcon 364 00:18:12.279 --> 00:18:18.119 heavies this year, and there were five Starship flights this year. Now, 365 00:18:18.400 --> 00:18:21.960 one of the reasons that SpaceX flies so much compared 366 00:18:21.960 --> 00:18:24.119 to the rest of the world is of that one 367 00:18:24.240 --> 00:18:27.519 hundred and twenty two Falcon nine flights, ninety of them 368 00:18:27.839 --> 00:18:32.640 we're Starlink three more expected in December, So they are 369 00:18:32.720 --> 00:18:37.680 their own biggest customer, I mean, arguably just the starlink 370 00:18:37.720 --> 00:18:40.119 flights alone are more flights than the rest of the 371 00:18:40.119 --> 00:18:41.799 world combined just a few years ago. 372 00:18:42.079 --> 00:18:42.839 Wow. Right. 373 00:18:42.960 --> 00:18:45.599 Every once in a while, I see somebody post a 374 00:18:45.640 --> 00:18:51.960 picture on Facebook of the path of the starlinks going by, 375 00:18:52.039 --> 00:18:54.720 and they're like, anybody know what this is? 376 00:18:54.920 --> 00:18:56.880 It's more starlinks. 377 00:18:57.079 --> 00:18:57.640 Yeah. 378 00:18:58.200 --> 00:19:01.880 So they they used to fly as many as sixty 379 00:19:01.960 --> 00:19:05.400 satellites per launch, but as they've been coming making them 380 00:19:05.440 --> 00:19:09.160 bigger to do more, they are typically given flights only 381 00:19:09.200 --> 00:19:14.759 twenty two of the version two starlinks. They're also they 382 00:19:14.799 --> 00:19:18.119 fly the limit of Falcon nine every time with these. Right, 383 00:19:18.119 --> 00:19:22.160 it's a maximum PAYLOAOD about seventeen metric tons. So they've 384 00:19:22.160 --> 00:19:24.519 been pushing Falcons over and over again, so they know 385 00:19:24.599 --> 00:19:28.440 so much about There's now four million subscribers to starlink. 386 00:19:28.480 --> 00:19:31.079 I'm one of them. It's available in ninety countries because 387 00:19:31.079 --> 00:19:35.279 they limit the downlink locations, all that's gradually changing. This 388 00:19:35.400 --> 00:19:39.160 year's Starlink completed the first constellation of what they're calling 389 00:19:39.400 --> 00:19:43.599 direct to sell, So if you're a T Mobile customer, 390 00:19:44.480 --> 00:19:47.079 you can sign up for the beta program. This is 391 00:19:47.079 --> 00:19:51.799 in the US only to do text messaging via Starlink. 392 00:19:51.880 --> 00:19:52.839 It went to space. 393 00:19:53.319 --> 00:19:55.680 It went literally went to space, as. 394 00:19:55.599 --> 00:19:59.720 Luis k says, So I wanted to know you have starlink. 395 00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:01.359 What is your bandwidth like? 396 00:20:01.839 --> 00:20:06.000 About four hundred megabits down and two and one hundred 397 00:20:06.119 --> 00:20:07.759 up at twenty milliseconds. 398 00:20:07.920 --> 00:20:08.680 It's not bad. 399 00:20:08.920 --> 00:20:11.960 It's not bad. I mean that's totally more than you'll 400 00:20:12.000 --> 00:20:15.359 get at your average hotel. Yeah, or and anything other 401 00:20:15.440 --> 00:20:19.039 than fiber. Really you're not going at any more than that. 402 00:20:19.119 --> 00:20:21.160 So it's as good as any cable connection and things 403 00:20:21.279 --> 00:20:23.920 like that. I was. I was in the first ten thousand. 404 00:20:23.960 --> 00:20:25.519 It was one of the original beta testers because I'm 405 00:20:25.559 --> 00:20:27.359 so far north, so they were very interested in my 406 00:20:27.480 --> 00:20:30.400 location and so I was able to get in early. 407 00:20:30.680 --> 00:20:32.240 And I use it as a backup because I do 408 00:20:32.359 --> 00:20:36.319 have a gigabit fiber surection here and we have regular 409 00:20:36.319 --> 00:20:38.640 power outages and I can keep the star Link up. 410 00:20:38.640 --> 00:20:40.799 It doesn't only consumes about seventy five watts that I 411 00:20:40.839 --> 00:20:42.400 went operating, so it's pretty good. 412 00:20:43.160 --> 00:20:45.440 When we do the energy geek out, I will ask 413 00:20:45.480 --> 00:20:47.319 you about Wait a minute, is the energy geek out 414 00:20:47.359 --> 00:20:48.119 coming before this? 415 00:20:48.240 --> 00:20:50.000 No, it's after. Yeah. 416 00:20:50.039 --> 00:20:52.440 When we do that one, I will ask you again 417 00:20:52.519 --> 00:20:58.240 about failover from generate from electricity to generator power because 418 00:20:59.039 --> 00:21:01.680 I think there may be maybe some advances in. 419 00:21:01.680 --> 00:21:05.119 That, but yeah, I'm looking at some changes from the coastplace. Yeah, 420 00:21:05.960 --> 00:21:09.359 cool file things on a couple of things left on startlink. 421 00:21:09.400 --> 00:21:12.720 There's sixty seven hundred satellites in the network now as 422 00:21:12.759 --> 00:21:18.119 of twenty twenty four. That's three times more than all 423 00:21:18.119 --> 00:21:22.559 the other satellites combined. So SpaceX rat flies the largest 424 00:21:22.559 --> 00:21:26.240 fleet of satellites by miles, and their goal is to 425 00:21:26.279 --> 00:21:29.119 have twelve thousands, so more than to double that. 426 00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:32.720 Are people still complaining about them polluting the night sky, 427 00:21:33.039 --> 00:21:34.680 you know, astronomers and things. 428 00:21:34.440 --> 00:21:37.400 But they're also working hard to have less pollution, so 429 00:21:38.240 --> 00:21:41.519 their machines are less reflective. They're flying them in a 430 00:21:41.519 --> 00:21:46.200 different orientation to minimize the effect for the most part, 431 00:21:46.279 --> 00:21:48.839 software and correct for a lot of the problem should 432 00:21:48.880 --> 00:21:51.240 it fly through the field of view during a long observation, 433 00:21:52.079 --> 00:21:56.160 so it's not going to go away. This is you know, 434 00:21:56.160 --> 00:21:59.279 there are other companies and other countries wanting to build 435 00:21:59.319 --> 00:22:01.960 networks like this. Yeah, you know, they lowering of the 436 00:22:01.960 --> 00:22:04.920 price of space flight, which is what Falcone's really done, 437 00:22:04.920 --> 00:22:08.480 which facilitates starlink because these satellites only last for about 438 00:22:08.480 --> 00:22:11.680 five years at best. Oh really, Yeah, they're in such 439 00:22:11.680 --> 00:22:14.039 a low orbit to have that short ping time. They 440 00:22:14.160 --> 00:22:17.480 low latency, and they just the atmosphere's always dragging on them. 441 00:22:17.559 --> 00:22:19.839 Do they when they're done, do they fall out of 442 00:22:19.839 --> 00:22:22.799 space or do they have a they burn up? Yeah, 443 00:22:22.799 --> 00:22:25.000 but do they have a control burnt? Do they do? 444 00:22:25.079 --> 00:22:27.359 They fly them down into the water at a place 445 00:22:27.359 --> 00:22:28.480 where now. 446 00:22:28.119 --> 00:22:31.079 But they're small enough that they so they can land anywhere. Yeah, 447 00:22:31.079 --> 00:22:32.799 they fully burn up. Nothing makes it to the right. 448 00:22:32.839 --> 00:22:35.960 Oh they're small, okay, right, and they have no real 449 00:22:35.960 --> 00:22:38.440 strong structural members, so yeah, they fully burn up. Wow, 450 00:22:38.559 --> 00:22:40.880 they're just a little asteroid. Well but you get the 451 00:22:40.960 --> 00:22:43.559 idea that it means they have to keep continuous to 452 00:22:43.680 --> 00:22:46.119 launching them because they're losing them right right. But if 453 00:22:46.160 --> 00:22:48.000 they go, if they fly in a higher orbit, then 454 00:22:48.119 --> 00:22:51.319 the ping time gets longer and the network's not as good. Right. 455 00:22:51.880 --> 00:22:55.319 It wasn't the goal of starlink to bring Internet access 456 00:22:55.359 --> 00:22:58.960 to places and countries that are remote, you know, African 457 00:22:59.000 --> 00:23:02.519 countries and places where they just don't have the infrastructure. 458 00:23:01.960 --> 00:23:05.960 But so far the network because it requires immediate downlinking. 459 00:23:06.519 --> 00:23:08.839 You have to have permission to downlink in that country. 460 00:23:08.880 --> 00:23:10.960 And so there's many countries that still allcovered because they're 461 00:23:11.000 --> 00:23:14.279 not offering that. But part of the expansion of the 462 00:23:14.319 --> 00:23:17.720 network the higher shells is to start doing laser relay, 463 00:23:18.079 --> 00:23:20.759 which gets us closer to that whole doctor No effect. Yes, 464 00:23:21.079 --> 00:23:24.960 lasers in space. So the point being that you can 465 00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:27.799 take the connection from the satellite and then relay to 466 00:23:27.839 --> 00:23:30.640 another satellite far enough away that it can downlink somewhere 467 00:23:30.680 --> 00:23:33.079 else so that you don't have to put a lot 468 00:23:33.079 --> 00:23:33.799 of downlink notes. 469 00:23:34.119 --> 00:23:38.000 And information travels pretty fast by laser, does it? Lasers 470 00:23:38.079 --> 00:23:39.640 quick quick, kind of like light. 471 00:23:40.240 --> 00:23:44.200 Yeah, it's kind of exactly like life. There's another network 472 00:23:44.240 --> 00:23:47.400 that's being built by SpaceX for the Department of the 473 00:23:47.480 --> 00:23:52.559 Defense called star Shield, and Elon sort of acknowledged he 474 00:23:52.599 --> 00:23:57.160 got into a situation around the Ukraine conflict where Ukraini 475 00:23:57.240 --> 00:24:02.119 military was counting on starlink this and you know, his 476 00:24:02.160 --> 00:24:07.240 relationship with Putin was a problem, and so the DoD 477 00:24:07.440 --> 00:24:10.319 is now paying for a separate network called Starshield that 478 00:24:10.400 --> 00:24:13.640 is military controlled, because he wants Starlink to stay a 479 00:24:13.640 --> 00:24:15.680 civilian network and stay out of that whole problem. 480 00:24:15.759 --> 00:24:17.799 Space Well, Elon's kind of making the budget, so he 481 00:24:17.839 --> 00:24:19.119 should be able to get that money. 482 00:24:19.240 --> 00:24:22.160 Yeah, I don't know. I mean there's a whole argument 483 00:24:22.240 --> 00:24:25.480 here that this is the militarization of space because spaceflight 484 00:24:25.519 --> 00:24:28.480 has gotten so much cheaper. You're also seeing like the 485 00:24:28.640 --> 00:24:33.079 Chinese military is working on rapid iteration and recoverable spacecraft too. 486 00:24:33.279 --> 00:24:37.359 Like right now we only have really one spacecraft that lands. 487 00:24:37.359 --> 00:24:41.160 We have another one that's landed once Starship, but New 488 00:24:41.200 --> 00:24:43.240 Glenn is coming and supposed to be able to land, 489 00:24:43.319 --> 00:24:46.000 and the Chinese government is an experimented with a couple 490 00:24:46.000 --> 00:24:46.759 of different landings. 491 00:24:46.920 --> 00:24:47.759 New Glen is what. 492 00:24:49.079 --> 00:24:51.799 Let's talk about that in a minute, because let's wrap 493 00:24:51.880 --> 00:24:56.480 up with SpaceX first, because the new landing vehicle is Starship, right, 494 00:24:56.839 --> 00:25:01.160 So this is what I referred to in the comment 495 00:25:01.359 --> 00:25:05.319 with the Interplanetary Transport System. It's what evolved into what 496 00:25:05.400 --> 00:25:06.839 is now known as Starship. It's supposed to be a 497 00:25:06.880 --> 00:25:10.519 fully reusable rocket. So I already know how to land boosters, 498 00:25:10.920 --> 00:25:13.920 so they made a much larger booster. So where the 499 00:25:13.960 --> 00:25:17.319 Falcon nine is a three point seven meter diameter or 500 00:25:17.680 --> 00:25:22.440 roughly you know, eleven foot across rocket, this is a 501 00:25:22.680 --> 00:25:27.960 nine meter rocket, so thirty foot across. It's enormous. Yeah, 502 00:25:27.960 --> 00:25:32.519 I think Saturn five sides, except it's taller, and of 503 00:25:32.519 --> 00:25:35.079 course so the lower stage does it's two and a 504 00:25:35.119 --> 00:25:37.240 half minute burned and would turn around in land, but 505 00:25:37.319 --> 00:25:39.400 instead of putting legs on it, because it's so heavy, 506 00:25:39.400 --> 00:25:40.960 the legs would be really hard. They're going to do 507 00:25:41.000 --> 00:25:43.759 this crazy They've now done this crazy things where they 508 00:25:44.000 --> 00:25:50.720 catch the booster in flight capture of what they call chopsticks, 509 00:25:51.079 --> 00:25:57.960 steel arms. God, it would be ridiculous except that it works. Yeah, 510 00:25:58.039 --> 00:26:01.279 in October and on Ift they did it. So I 511 00:26:01.279 --> 00:26:05.599 mean they flew four times this year, right Once in 512 00:26:05.680 --> 00:26:08.279 March it was only the third flight, which it was 513 00:26:08.319 --> 00:26:11.279 the first time they actually got the Starship up to orbit, 514 00:26:11.319 --> 00:26:13.079 although it had a malfunction once it got there and 515 00:26:13.119 --> 00:26:16.599 broke up, probably was an explosion. Then in June was 516 00:26:16.640 --> 00:26:19.720 the first complete flight. So this was the booster took 517 00:26:19.759 --> 00:26:22.079 off and then turned around and flew back and landed 518 00:26:22.160 --> 00:26:24.119 so precisely in the ocean that they had put a 519 00:26:24.119 --> 00:26:27.759 camera on a boy and the landing was completely in 520 00:26:27.799 --> 00:26:31.480 that shot. Wow, and Starship did its re entry. And 521 00:26:31.519 --> 00:26:33.799 this has always been the question mark. You know, it's 522 00:26:33.839 --> 00:26:36.319 one thing to get for the booster to come back, 523 00:26:36.359 --> 00:26:38.720 so it's not going that fast, but once you get 524 00:26:38.720 --> 00:26:41.799 to orbit and you're moving twenty five thousand miles an hour, 525 00:26:42.359 --> 00:26:45.359 now you have to slow down again. And so they 526 00:26:45.359 --> 00:26:50.079 had but Starships so big. Normally, when a vehicle re enters, 527 00:26:50.640 --> 00:26:53.759 like even the Space Shuttle in re entry, the plasma 528 00:26:53.799 --> 00:26:57.519 field that's created by re entry completely blocks all communications. 529 00:26:57.799 --> 00:27:01.640 But Starship is so big the backside of the vehicle 530 00:27:01.799 --> 00:27:04.279 is not in a plasma envelope, and so they have 531 00:27:04.839 --> 00:27:10.720 real time video via starlink for the entire re entry, 532 00:27:11.079 --> 00:27:12.079 never seen before. 533 00:27:12.319 --> 00:27:12.799 Wow. 534 00:27:12.920 --> 00:27:15.799 And on Ift four, which was a really fun one, 535 00:27:15.839 --> 00:27:18.680 they had a camera on one of the flaps to 536 00:27:18.839 --> 00:27:20.720 sort of watch because it was taking the most heat 537 00:27:20.759 --> 00:27:23.640 and it started to burn through. So the heat shields 538 00:27:23.640 --> 00:27:27.039 had blown off there and there's literally flames going through. 539 00:27:27.079 --> 00:27:29.759 You can see this. It's almost becoming X ray is glowing, 540 00:27:30.359 --> 00:27:32.960 white hot pieces flying off of it. 541 00:27:33.039 --> 00:27:33.440 Wow. 542 00:27:33.440 --> 00:27:35.359 And we were expecting at any moment the signal was going 543 00:27:35.440 --> 00:27:38.359 to cut out, and then all of a sudden, it 544 00:27:38.480 --> 00:27:41.240 finished its re entry, went through the transonic regime and 545 00:27:41.279 --> 00:27:43.839 did that pivot to land on its tail in the ocean, 546 00:27:44.240 --> 00:27:47.519 and it worked even with it all partly burned up. 547 00:27:47.599 --> 00:27:50.039 It's still phrase function. We called it a little flap 548 00:27:50.079 --> 00:27:54.519 that could you know, it was just hanging in there somehow, 549 00:27:55.160 --> 00:27:59.759 and so that I sort of spoke to the resilience 550 00:27:59.759 --> 00:28:02.359 of the And so the October flight where they caught 551 00:28:02.400 --> 00:28:05.440 the booster was also the one where it didntny. The 552 00:28:05.480 --> 00:28:08.519 heat shield system has been vastly improved. And this last flight, 553 00:28:08.599 --> 00:28:12.799 just in November, they changed up the times so they 554 00:28:12.799 --> 00:28:14.559 were flying in the afternoon seat of the morning, so 555 00:28:14.599 --> 00:28:17.519 that it would be daylight when they landed the Starship 556 00:28:17.599 --> 00:28:19.200 so they could see it, and this time they had 557 00:28:19.240 --> 00:28:21.359 a very precise landing. There's a bunch of things that 558 00:28:21.359 --> 00:28:24.720 happened this last flight. Ay the booster did not make 559 00:28:24.720 --> 00:28:27.720 its landing. They canceled it the last second it was 560 00:28:27.759 --> 00:28:29.599 on its way. It probably could have done it, but 561 00:28:29.640 --> 00:28:33.079 there was damage to the launch pad it did the 562 00:28:34.119 --> 00:28:36.440 the antenna had been damaged, so there was signal problems, 563 00:28:36.440 --> 00:28:38.599 so they out of abundance of caution, they didn't land. 564 00:28:38.640 --> 00:28:40.839 They just dropped it in the ocean, but it probably 565 00:28:40.839 --> 00:28:43.000 could have landed. But Starship was the breakthrough on this 566 00:28:43.079 --> 00:28:46.119 last flight where they finally ReLit a raptor engine in orbit, 567 00:28:46.160 --> 00:28:48.079 which they'd never done before. There's no way to really 568 00:28:48.160 --> 00:28:51.240 test that. You just have to do it. And it 569 00:28:51.319 --> 00:28:55.000 did a precision landing, same trick boy with a camera 570 00:28:55.160 --> 00:28:56.960 and it landed right in front of the boy. We 571 00:28:57.279 --> 00:28:59.759 could see the landing. We also saw like the. 572 00:29:00.160 --> 00:29:02.559 That's booey for our American listeners, there. 573 00:29:02.480 --> 00:29:04.519 Are booie if you're not poying correctly. 574 00:29:04.920 --> 00:29:06.839 Now you pronounce it correctly for a Canadian. 575 00:29:08.599 --> 00:29:10.359 And right away the fact that it was daytime in 576 00:29:10.440 --> 00:29:12.200 that we could see a bunch of things, one of 577 00:29:12.240 --> 00:29:14.440 which was the whole bunch of heat shields that popped 578 00:29:14.480 --> 00:29:18.759 off right at the interface point between the fuel tanks 579 00:29:18.759 --> 00:29:21.079 and the payload bay, which arguably is the weakest part 580 00:29:21.079 --> 00:29:24.160 of the ship. So there was The theory now is 581 00:29:24.200 --> 00:29:26.720 there was enough flex in the kick turn so it's 582 00:29:26.759 --> 00:29:29.640 falling on its belly to slow down, it's ready to fall, 583 00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:31.279 and then when it goes to land it has to 584 00:29:31.319 --> 00:29:33.240 fire its engines and pivot to land on its tail, 585 00:29:33.279 --> 00:29:36.000 which is insane. Yeah, but that's what it does. 586 00:29:36.079 --> 00:29:37.240 It's amazing though, but. 587 00:29:37.200 --> 00:29:39.000 I think there was enough flex in the ship when 588 00:29:39.000 --> 00:29:41.279 that happened that it actually blew all the heat tiles 589 00:29:41.319 --> 00:29:43.000 off along that flex line. 590 00:29:43.039 --> 00:29:45.319 So you know, this is not only an amazing feat 591 00:29:45.319 --> 00:29:49.079 of engineering, but of imagination. Yeah, you know, somebody had 592 00:29:49.079 --> 00:29:52.039 to imagine that this could be done, and then other 593 00:29:52.039 --> 00:29:54.680 people had to go away and crunch the numbers and 594 00:29:54.720 --> 00:29:56.000 try and find a way to build it. Try to 595 00:29:56.000 --> 00:29:59.240 find a way to build it. Yeah, just the imagination. 596 00:29:58.799 --> 00:30:01.440 Is off the I mean to make a ship out 597 00:30:01.440 --> 00:30:04.680 of stainless steel instead of out of ultra light aluminum 598 00:30:04.759 --> 00:30:08.160 and so forth. Like, there's a lot of interesting decisions 599 00:30:08.160 --> 00:30:12.960 made here to make a more reusable spacecraft, and there's 600 00:30:13.000 --> 00:30:17.119 still problems that aren't solved. Right. The next lunch supposed 601 00:30:17.160 --> 00:30:19.279 to be in January, and it's pretty much fallen the 602 00:30:19.279 --> 00:30:22.079 same flight profile as the last one, so the FAA's 603 00:30:22.119 --> 00:30:24.119 already got permission, they'll probably go ahead. But they are 604 00:30:24.119 --> 00:30:26.359 actually using a larger version of Starship on this next 605 00:30:26.400 --> 00:30:30.799 flight because they've realized they need more space. But one 606 00:30:30.799 --> 00:30:33.680 of their next goals, either that flight or the one after, 607 00:30:34.400 --> 00:30:37.759 will be to try and catch Starship too. Wow, that 608 00:30:37.799 --> 00:30:40.000 would make a fully reusable system that you got both 609 00:30:40.079 --> 00:30:42.920 vehicles back, nothing thrown away, no disposable. 610 00:30:43.039 --> 00:30:45.079 So that's exciting really. 611 00:30:45.279 --> 00:30:48.200 Yeah, it's it's progress, and it's you know, there was 612 00:30:48.200 --> 00:30:51.240 an amazing They're all amazing to watch, every one of them. 613 00:30:51.319 --> 00:30:55.240 But they when it finally is fully working, a lot 614 00:30:55.279 --> 00:30:58.559 of things change. Space flight drops by another order of magnitude. 615 00:30:58.680 --> 00:31:02.440 So that means that there is going to be more flights, 616 00:31:02.480 --> 00:31:06.200 but also flights for different purposes than we're seeing now. Right, Yeah, 617 00:31:06.319 --> 00:31:08.400 maybe even more space travel tourism. 618 00:31:08.599 --> 00:31:10.759 Yeah, tourism becomes a lot more feasible. Now you're talking 619 00:31:10.799 --> 00:31:14.559 about a ticket to space in the one hundred thousand 620 00:31:14.599 --> 00:31:16.759 dollars range instead of I mean, right now, you can 621 00:31:16.799 --> 00:31:19.319 get a crew dragon flight for about twenty five million bucks. 622 00:31:19.880 --> 00:31:22.000 It's one hundred million roughly to fly, so you need 623 00:31:22.319 --> 00:31:26.279 four seats so you know, save up. But bab, we 624 00:31:26.319 --> 00:31:28.000 could get it down to around the hundred grand range. 625 00:31:28.000 --> 00:31:29.680 That opens it's a trip of a lifetime for a 626 00:31:29.759 --> 00:31:33.839 lot more people, yep, than it is just billionaires. Right. Sure, 627 00:31:34.319 --> 00:31:37.880 That's not the only new rocket the United Launch Alliance, 628 00:31:37.920 --> 00:31:39.640 the guys who were flying the Atlas five in the 629 00:31:39.680 --> 00:31:43.440 Delta four finally flew their Vulcan rocket, which was the 630 00:31:43.519 --> 00:31:46.559 replacement for both. The development for that rocket started back 631 00:31:46.599 --> 00:31:48.640 in twenty fourteen, and it really was intended to be 632 00:31:48.680 --> 00:31:51.039 a replacement for Autlas five because the Atlas five's rocket 633 00:31:51.039 --> 00:31:55.920 depended on the Russian RD one eighty engine, and I 634 00:31:55.960 --> 00:31:57.319 don't know if you noticed, but the relationship with the 635 00:31:57.359 --> 00:32:00.400 Russians a little it's a little cold right now, tricky, 636 00:32:00.920 --> 00:32:03.200 a little tricky, so they wanted to move away from that. 637 00:32:03.240 --> 00:32:05.839 So this is an all domestic rocket in the US. 638 00:32:06.200 --> 00:32:09.319 Methane engine the B E four built by Blue Origin, 639 00:32:10.079 --> 00:32:13.440 and it's been literally a decade of development, but their 640 00:32:13.440 --> 00:32:17.640 first flight was in January this year and it was perfect. 641 00:32:17.960 --> 00:32:22.200 The rocket worked flawlessly and no, nothing recoverable yet, so 642 00:32:22.240 --> 00:32:23.799 it was a fully thrown away a rocket, which is hard. 643 00:32:23.799 --> 00:32:26.000 They're talking about coming up with strategies to recover the 644 00:32:26.039 --> 00:32:28.880 booster or at least the engines, but nothing's been done 645 00:32:28.920 --> 00:32:31.759 there yet. It had a payload on it, the Peregrin Lander, 646 00:32:31.759 --> 00:32:33.119 which is supposed to go to the Moon, which is 647 00:32:33.240 --> 00:32:35.480 very cool for a first flight. Normally for a first 648 00:32:35.519 --> 00:32:38.799 flight you fly a billet, a concrete or if you're Elon, 649 00:32:38.880 --> 00:32:44.119 you fly a sports car. Yeah all right, that was 650 00:32:44.240 --> 00:32:46.200 so cool. Yeah, I like that, Elon, Can we have 651 00:32:46.200 --> 00:32:47.000 that back? 652 00:32:47.480 --> 00:32:50.640 That was the coolest thing I've ever seen in my life. 653 00:32:50.799 --> 00:32:52.319 And I climb my sports car. 654 00:32:52.759 --> 00:32:55.000 I wish my father was alive to see that. He 655 00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:56.519 would have got a real kick out of it. 656 00:32:56.559 --> 00:32:58.960 But it was you need you need a DeVault payload, 657 00:32:58.960 --> 00:33:01.440 and so Fallulcan actually had a working payload. It was 658 00:33:01.480 --> 00:33:03.119 the Peregrine Lander and it was supposed to land on 659 00:33:03.160 --> 00:33:07.000 the Moon, but the lander had malfunctions, had fuel leak problems, 660 00:33:07.079 --> 00:33:08.640 and so it didn't have enough fuel to actually make 661 00:33:08.640 --> 00:33:12.119 the landing. So they did go around the Moon and 662 00:33:12.160 --> 00:33:14.119 then let it cut fly back to Earth and reander. 663 00:33:15.480 --> 00:33:17.839 They had a second flight of Vulcan this year as well, 664 00:33:17.880 --> 00:33:22.359 in October to complete their certifications, and it had a malfunction. 665 00:33:23.319 --> 00:33:26.079 One of the solid rocket boosters on the side of 666 00:33:26.119 --> 00:33:30.200 the rocket blew its gnawsele off, which would normally be 667 00:33:30.400 --> 00:33:32.440 a loss of rocket like that should have been a 668 00:33:32.440 --> 00:33:36.319 complete failure, and it wasn't. The control systems off Vulcan 669 00:33:36.359 --> 00:33:39.519 are strong enough that it actually compensated for the loss 670 00:33:39.519 --> 00:33:42.640 of thrust from the damaged booster and it made it 671 00:33:42.680 --> 00:33:45.960 to its orbit anyway. Now, it was supposed to be 672 00:33:46.000 --> 00:33:50.640 a certifying flight for national asset flights for spice satellites, 673 00:33:50.640 --> 00:33:52.799 military satellites and things like that, So normally it should 674 00:33:52.920 --> 00:33:54.519 it had to be a perfect flight, and it wasn't. 675 00:33:54.720 --> 00:33:57.319 But on the other hand, it's like, this is almost 676 00:33:57.359 --> 00:34:00.519 better that it had this kind of a failu and 677 00:34:00.680 --> 00:34:04.559 still got to fit to orbit. Like it's astonishing what 678 00:34:04.680 --> 00:34:07.359 they pulled out there. And this is a big, big 679 00:34:07.440 --> 00:34:09.639 rocket there. You know, where the Falcon nine will do 680 00:34:09.800 --> 00:34:12.719 seventeen metro tons to lower thorbit, this is twenty seven 681 00:34:12.760 --> 00:34:17.000 metro tons to lower thorpe. So it's a pretty capable rocket. 682 00:34:17.519 --> 00:34:20.960 It's expensive, and United Launch Alliance has its own problems, 683 00:34:20.960 --> 00:34:23.000 like there's this there's a rumor going around that it 684 00:34:23.079 --> 00:34:27.239 might actually be for sale. This was the collaboration between 685 00:34:27.280 --> 00:34:30.159 Lockheed Martin and Boeing that was formed to operate the 686 00:34:30.159 --> 00:34:32.800 Space Shuttle, and then it took and it got Delta 687 00:34:32.800 --> 00:34:35.000 four in Atlas five, and now it's over to Vulcan. 688 00:34:35.079 --> 00:34:39.000 So it's a question of whether it makes sense. Another 689 00:34:39.000 --> 00:34:40.920 thing that Vulcan is supposed to fly but has never 690 00:34:41.000 --> 00:34:44.039 flown is Starliner. 691 00:34:43.480 --> 00:34:52.320 Okay, Spacelink, Starship, Starliner, star Live, many names all right, Starliner. 692 00:34:53.159 --> 00:34:58.960 Back in twenty fourteen when NASA was NASA now commercialized 693 00:34:58.960 --> 00:35:01.679 resopplya the Space day, right, that was crewed. That was 694 00:35:01.719 --> 00:35:06.239 the Cargo Dragon and the Signess vehicles. So instead of 695 00:35:06.280 --> 00:35:09.159 paying cost plus for every flight of supply to the 696 00:35:09.159 --> 00:35:13.039 space station, now they were paying by the kilogram, so 697 00:35:13.239 --> 00:35:17.519 fixed cost flights essentially. And then that incentivizes the company 698 00:35:17.519 --> 00:35:19.039 to get more and more efficient so they can keep 699 00:35:19.039 --> 00:35:22.840 more of that money. And so you had two companies today. 700 00:35:23.000 --> 00:35:26.159 The Signa spacecraft is own by Northrop Grumman and SpaceX 701 00:35:26.199 --> 00:35:28.880 has the Cargo Dragon. They do resupply to the space station. 702 00:35:29.000 --> 00:35:30.760 So in twenty fourteen they say, let's do this for 703 00:35:30.920 --> 00:35:33.800 cruise now, and we don't have the space Shuttle anymore. 704 00:35:33.800 --> 00:35:35.480 We have it for a few years. They intended to 705 00:35:35.480 --> 00:35:37.239 have this ready by twenty eleven when they last shuttle 706 00:35:37.320 --> 00:35:41.719 aanded and they didn't. But let's go a flat rate 707 00:35:41.800 --> 00:35:44.400 to fly cruise into space. And so they put out 708 00:35:44.719 --> 00:35:48.719 two companies one Boeing one and SpaceX. Now the time, 709 00:35:48.760 --> 00:35:51.599 SpaceX is still the new guys, right, So they got 710 00:35:51.639 --> 00:35:54.280 a deal for two point six billion dollars to develop 711 00:35:54.320 --> 00:35:56.800 and fly crew Dragon for six flights to the space station, 712 00:35:57.280 --> 00:36:00.880 and Boeing at the same time got same kind of deal, 713 00:36:00.920 --> 00:36:03.519 but it builled Starliner and fly six flies to space station. 714 00:36:03.599 --> 00:36:07.320 But they got four point two billion. They got almost 715 00:36:07.360 --> 00:36:10.800 double the money. Wow. But the point was they were 716 00:36:10.880 --> 00:36:14.119 the conservative choice, right, like, this was going to be 717 00:36:14.159 --> 00:36:17.360 the safe way to get cruise back into space halfway 718 00:36:17.400 --> 00:36:21.199 up the dar blew off of way worse. So there's 719 00:36:21.239 --> 00:36:25.360 both vehicles supposed to be operational twenty nineteen. SpaceX was 720 00:36:25.360 --> 00:36:28.320 a little bit late, but Starship or a star Liner 721 00:36:28.440 --> 00:36:32.599 far later. Their first unmanned test flight was in twenty nineteen. 722 00:36:33.239 --> 00:36:37.039 It was a partial failure, is the way they phrased it. 723 00:36:37.159 --> 00:36:40.719 You're talking about Starliner Starliner. Yes, it got to orbit, 724 00:36:40.800 --> 00:36:43.000 but it got to orbit so badly it couldn't make 725 00:36:43.039 --> 00:36:44.960 it to the space station. I mean it's really a 726 00:36:44.960 --> 00:36:48.480 failure because they NASA ordered the flight reflown and it 727 00:36:48.519 --> 00:36:52.320 was mostly software problems at the time that caused the 728 00:36:53.079 --> 00:36:55.960 thrusters to misfire, burn off too much fuel, and so 729 00:36:56.280 --> 00:36:59.519 I know it was written in JavaScript something or to 730 00:37:00.239 --> 00:37:03.599 the lowest bidder whenever language it was in. So then 731 00:37:03.639 --> 00:37:06.199 they they it took them two years to get ready 732 00:37:06.199 --> 00:37:08.679 for the next test flight in twenty twenty one, but 733 00:37:08.880 --> 00:37:11.119 that didn't work out. That was in March of twenty one, 734 00:37:11.199 --> 00:37:13.960 so they deleted till April, then Hey deleted August. Then 735 00:37:14.159 --> 00:37:17.119 they scrubbed it for the year, and it wasn't until 736 00:37:17.159 --> 00:37:19.079 May of twenty two they tried to fly again, and 737 00:37:19.119 --> 00:37:22.000 that time again unmanned. They made it to the space 738 00:37:22.039 --> 00:37:24.239 station with a small payload. They had about two hundred 739 00:37:24.239 --> 00:37:26.280 and fifty kiloads. I think we talked about this last 740 00:37:26.320 --> 00:37:29.039 year too. Yeah, and then they actually took the same 741 00:37:29.039 --> 00:37:31.079 a ount of spplies back down. So this year was 742 00:37:31.159 --> 00:37:33.599 the next flight. So that one was that last on 743 00:37:33.760 --> 00:37:35.920 Man one was in twenty two. So this year they 744 00:37:35.960 --> 00:37:38.280 finally flew a test crew. This is the same thing 745 00:37:38.320 --> 00:37:41.519 that's the crew Dragon did. But in June they flew 746 00:37:41.559 --> 00:37:45.159 Canita Williams and Butch Wilmore up to the space station successfully, 747 00:37:45.400 --> 00:37:48.280 but they had problems on the way. They had helium 748 00:37:48.360 --> 00:37:51.480 leaks in the pressurization system, they had more thruster issues, 749 00:37:52.039 --> 00:37:55.400 and so they're still there. They are still there. Yeah, 750 00:37:56.199 --> 00:37:58.639 Cedi and Butcher's supposed to spend eight days and they 751 00:37:58.679 --> 00:38:01.920 delayed departure while they were studying the problem. Now this 752 00:38:02.000 --> 00:38:04.599 is a legit thing. Most of the issues were in 753 00:38:04.599 --> 00:38:07.880 the trunk portion of Starliner, which is the part thrown away, 754 00:38:08.679 --> 00:38:11.320 So there was no way. The problems aren't necessarily in 755 00:38:11.320 --> 00:38:13.000 the star Liner itself but in the trunk, and so 756 00:38:13.039 --> 00:38:14.920 they wanted to actually do as much testing as can, 757 00:38:15.280 --> 00:38:18.800 but as they couldn't properly characterized all the problems, eventually 758 00:38:18.880 --> 00:38:19.840 NASA says, now you. 759 00:38:19.800 --> 00:38:21.400 Can't fly astronauts back on them. 760 00:38:21.440 --> 00:38:22.440 Yeah, it's not worth their risk. 761 00:38:22.960 --> 00:38:28.320 So what's interesting about those two is that their attitude 762 00:38:28.559 --> 00:38:31.760 is like, this is great. We get to do more science, 763 00:38:31.880 --> 00:38:33.519 We get to hang out with these people. 764 00:38:33.599 --> 00:38:35.239 They get to hang out in the space, right, like. 765 00:38:35.440 --> 00:38:37.760 You get to hang out in space. This is not 766 00:38:37.800 --> 00:38:38.599 a problem for them. 767 00:38:38.639 --> 00:38:41.039 These guys had been to the space station before, right, 768 00:38:41.079 --> 00:38:42.719 They knew what they were doing, and they never expected 769 00:38:42.760 --> 00:38:44.519 to fly again. They figured these days were the last 770 00:38:44.519 --> 00:38:45.599 time they were ever going to go in space in 771 00:38:45.639 --> 00:38:48.159 their lives. They are having the time of their lives. 772 00:38:48.199 --> 00:38:50.360 They are astronauts are crazy. 773 00:38:50.559 --> 00:38:53.239 Well, you know, their bones are atrophying and everything, but 774 00:38:53.400 --> 00:38:54.079 that doesn't matter. 775 00:38:54.360 --> 00:38:56.760 But this is our last flight in space anyway, right, 776 00:38:56.800 --> 00:38:59.320 But this is the crazier part. So in September, when 777 00:38:59.360 --> 00:39:01.440 they decide, okay, we going to bring Starliner back empty. 778 00:39:01.960 --> 00:39:04.639 The thing is that every astronaut on the space station 779 00:39:04.760 --> 00:39:07.760 has to have an evacuation vehicle. They had if there 780 00:39:07.840 --> 00:39:10.119 was a you know, if they had lost pressure or something, 781 00:39:10.159 --> 00:39:12.159 they had to evacuate. How these guys are going to 782 00:39:12.199 --> 00:39:17.159 get off? And so the initial plan. But what they 783 00:39:17.199 --> 00:39:20.440 did was they modified the Crew Dragon nine mission to 784 00:39:20.719 --> 00:39:22.519 actually only fly with two people, so they could bring 785 00:39:22.519 --> 00:39:24.000 the two down, but they couldn't bring it up there 786 00:39:24.000 --> 00:39:27.679 while Starliner was still there. So for two weeks. The 787 00:39:27.719 --> 00:39:32.119 solution for their departure was to strap themselves to the 788 00:39:32.159 --> 00:39:37.320 cargo palette of Crew Dragon eight. The cargo palette, yes, 789 00:39:37.599 --> 00:39:40.920 so crew Dragons are set up to carry four, they 790 00:39:40.960 --> 00:39:44.000 could carry more. They have a cargo palete area under 791 00:39:44.000 --> 00:39:47.599 the seats that carries more than enough weight. So literally 792 00:39:47.639 --> 00:39:49.840 their goal if there was an emergency evacuation those two 793 00:39:49.880 --> 00:39:53.280 weeks is they would go into Crew Dragon eight, strap 794 00:39:53.400 --> 00:39:56.360 themselves to the cargo pilot, and hope for the best. 795 00:39:57.000 --> 00:39:57.760 Oh my god. 796 00:39:57.880 --> 00:40:00.119 Anyway, a couple of weeks later later in September, Crew 797 00:40:00.199 --> 00:40:02.480 Dragon nine comes up with only two astronauts on it, 798 00:40:02.960 --> 00:40:05.639 and that's the two seats for them, and they're still there. 799 00:40:05.679 --> 00:40:08.639 They're supposed to return in March, which will be a 800 00:40:08.719 --> 00:40:12.360 ten month stay for Butchercineta and obviously their last ones. 801 00:40:12.960 --> 00:40:16.360 And I fought Elon offered to send a rescue to that. 802 00:40:16.400 --> 00:40:18.199 He did, And that's effectively what they did by taking 803 00:40:18.199 --> 00:40:20.440 the two crew members off of Crew nine, which are 804 00:40:20.440 --> 00:40:25.199 supposed to fly with four. That's the solution. Here's the 805 00:40:25.239 --> 00:40:30.159 interesting situation for Starliner now it's twenty twenty four, presuming 806 00:40:30.199 --> 00:40:33.199 next year, in twenty twenty five, they actually get operational 807 00:40:33.360 --> 00:40:35.320 and can start flying missions, which is not true. It's 808 00:40:35.320 --> 00:40:37.440 probably going to be longer than that. They can't complete 809 00:40:37.480 --> 00:40:40.280 their contract. Their deal for four point two billion included 810 00:40:40.360 --> 00:40:42.199 six flights to the station, and you only get one 811 00:40:42.199 --> 00:40:46.159 a year, and the station only lasts till twenty thirty, 812 00:40:46.280 --> 00:40:47.880 so they get up a run in twenty twenty five. 813 00:40:47.920 --> 00:40:50.360 They can't fly enough flights, So. 814 00:40:51.079 --> 00:40:52.679 Do they have to give some money back. 815 00:40:52.880 --> 00:40:54.320 They might have to give some money back or they're 816 00:40:54.800 --> 00:40:56.320 not going to be paid all of that money in 817 00:40:56.360 --> 00:40:58.679 the first place. But this has been such a debacle 818 00:40:58.719 --> 00:41:00.599 for Boeing. They've kicked in a couple billion of their 819 00:41:00.599 --> 00:41:01.679 own cash already. 820 00:41:02.119 --> 00:41:04.280 Well, it's not the only problem Boeing has had in 821 00:41:04.280 --> 00:41:04.880 the last year. 822 00:41:04.960 --> 00:41:07.599 It is symptomatic of the way Boeing has been for 823 00:41:07.639 --> 00:41:09.639 a while with a bunch of things. 824 00:41:09.679 --> 00:41:12.719 No tools about it all, right. 825 00:41:13.679 --> 00:41:16.719 Can wrap up the rocket conversation with the failures this year. 826 00:41:16.760 --> 00:41:18.480 You know, there was a whole lot of successful flights. 827 00:41:19.280 --> 00:41:22.519 Most of them are not particularly interesting. One of them, 828 00:41:22.880 --> 00:41:25.280 mostly me is that actually one of the Falcon nine flights, 829 00:41:25.280 --> 00:41:28.239 the Starling flight, failed. It had a leak in the 830 00:41:28.320 --> 00:41:33.159 second stage engine enough that it didn't get to full orbit. 831 00:41:33.239 --> 00:41:36.440 They deployed the Starlink satellites anyway, but for the most 832 00:41:36.440 --> 00:41:38.320 part they all burned up. They just didn't make it up. 833 00:41:39.280 --> 00:41:43.480 The other interesting failure was the Japanese space program has 834 00:41:43.519 --> 00:41:46.679 a new rocket called Kiros. I'm probably mispronouncing that name. 835 00:41:47.239 --> 00:41:50.440 They had their first flight in March. It exploded five 836 00:41:50.480 --> 00:41:54.320 seconds after launch, and then they tried again in December 837 00:41:54.719 --> 00:41:56.480 and it flew a little bit longer than tumble out 838 00:41:56.519 --> 00:41:58.880 of control and exploded as well. So just a reminder, 839 00:41:59.280 --> 00:42:07.039 space flight is hard, right, Yes, other crewed flights besides, 840 00:42:07.119 --> 00:42:11.119 you had you had Crew Dragon eight in note in March, 841 00:42:11.440 --> 00:42:12.639 which was the one that was going to be the 842 00:42:13.280 --> 00:42:16.880 temporary rescue vehicle. Crew nine. Dragon nine was in September. 843 00:42:16.920 --> 00:42:18.440 That's the one that's actually going to bring them back. 844 00:42:18.760 --> 00:42:20.559 Those are the crews for the space station. The only 845 00:42:20.599 --> 00:42:24.079 way to get there there was an axios mission to 846 00:42:24.199 --> 00:42:27.960 the ISS, which is a tourist flight to the space 847 00:42:28.000 --> 00:42:30.519 station in January that came back down in February. They're 848 00:42:30.519 --> 00:42:32.719 only up there for a couple of weeks. And then 849 00:42:32.760 --> 00:42:37.280 one more crew flight and that was Polaris Dawn. So 850 00:42:37.440 --> 00:42:41.599 this is Jared Isaacman and Jared Eisaman had the Inspiration 851 00:42:41.719 --> 00:42:43.480 four flight a couple of years ago, which was the 852 00:42:43.519 --> 00:42:47.239 first commercial tourist flight ever where he flew four of 853 00:42:47.280 --> 00:42:49.679 them went out. And Jared is this billionaire that's been 854 00:42:49.719 --> 00:42:52.719 facilitating these and he had another flight. This is Polaristan 855 00:42:53.039 --> 00:42:56.880 and Polaristan is where he did a spacewalk, two of them. 856 00:42:56.880 --> 00:42:59.880 Actually I thought that was Richard Branson. Richard Branson's got 857 00:43:00.079 --> 00:43:02.679 urging galactic and they only do suborbital flights. 858 00:43:02.800 --> 00:43:06.400 But I thought he brought some friends up into space. 859 00:43:06.880 --> 00:43:09.519 He did on the spaceship too, but they can only 860 00:43:09.519 --> 00:43:11.639 do They're only up for two minutes, right, They don't 861 00:43:11.639 --> 00:43:14.199 get up to orbit. They get above the carbon line, 862 00:43:14.199 --> 00:43:16.840 but they can't they don't have orbital capabilities. But at 863 00:43:16.920 --> 00:43:20.599 Jared Isaacman is a billionaire. He made his money in 864 00:43:20.639 --> 00:43:23.440 a company called Shift four, which is a payment processing company. 865 00:43:23.599 --> 00:43:26.400 His story is pretty interesting, like he was sixteen years 866 00:43:26.440 --> 00:43:28.239 old when he formed the company in nineteen ninety nine 867 00:43:28.800 --> 00:43:32.000 and twenty years later listed on the New York Stock Exchange. 868 00:43:32.239 --> 00:43:36.199 Along the way, he formed a company called DrAk And International, 869 00:43:36.519 --> 00:43:39.280 where he owns a collection of fighter jets and he 870 00:43:39.320 --> 00:43:44.559 provides adversary training for air forces. So remarkable guy and 871 00:43:44.599 --> 00:43:47.559 now is currently proposed by the Trump administration to be 872 00:43:47.599 --> 00:43:48.840 the new NASA administrator. 873 00:43:48.960 --> 00:43:49.280 Wow. 874 00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:52.960 But he's also done a spacewalk right by the way, 875 00:43:53.000 --> 00:43:56.159 when POLARISTAM was doing that in September, we broke the 876 00:43:56.199 --> 00:43:57.960 record for the most number of people in orbit. 877 00:43:58.039 --> 00:43:58.239 Wow. 878 00:43:58.280 --> 00:44:01.119 There were the four people at Roma, there were three 879 00:44:01.159 --> 00:44:04.079 people in the Chinese Space station, and there were twelve 880 00:44:04.119 --> 00:44:09.320 on ISS, including Butch and the Insignia. Although shortly after 881 00:44:09.360 --> 00:44:11.840 that the next Soyuz came up and took three back down. 882 00:44:11.960 --> 00:44:15.920 So yeah. Jared Eisiman also proposed to do a mission 883 00:44:15.960 --> 00:44:18.960 to Hubble, to do a servicing mission on Hubble. 884 00:44:19.280 --> 00:44:21.880 Okay, now, I thought Hubble was completely out of commission. 885 00:44:22.159 --> 00:44:26.159 Nope, Hubble's working. It's just crippled, right. It's running out. 886 00:44:26.920 --> 00:44:29.880 Its pointing systems are starting to wear out. The gyroscopes 887 00:44:29.880 --> 00:44:33.239 are wearing out, and so he proposed to replace those 888 00:44:33.280 --> 00:44:37.119 gyroscopes to do a mission. They win. The last shuttle 889 00:44:37.360 --> 00:44:41.840 left Hubble. They put a docking mount on it. It's 890 00:44:41.880 --> 00:44:43.960 not quite a standard because it was before the standard 891 00:44:43.960 --> 00:44:46.760 was fully established, but that was fixable. And so they 892 00:44:46.800 --> 00:44:48.679 were playing with the idea of is there a way 893 00:44:48.719 --> 00:44:53.599 to send a crew dragon up there and connect up 894 00:44:53.679 --> 00:44:58.159 and maybe swap the gyroscopes out and NASA has NASA 895 00:44:58.239 --> 00:45:01.920 turned that down. They considered the risks too high. It's 896 00:45:01.960 --> 00:45:06.159 a completely experimental mission. And Hubble is still usable, admittedly 897 00:45:06.199 --> 00:45:08.559 in a reduced state, and they're running out of money 898 00:45:08.559 --> 00:45:12.039 to fund Hubble anyway, I could cost money to keep 899 00:45:12.079 --> 00:45:14.760 the crews working on it and so forth. And the 900 00:45:14.960 --> 00:45:17.719 Nancy Roman Space Telescope is about to go up and 901 00:45:17.760 --> 00:45:19.880 it will be better than Hubble in every respect. And 902 00:45:19.920 --> 00:45:21.840 we have JWST already. 903 00:45:21.480 --> 00:45:23.599 So am it? What's this new one? Nancy? 904 00:45:23.639 --> 00:45:26.280 Who the Nancy Roman Space Telescope? So, and it was 905 00:45:26.320 --> 00:45:30.199 originally called w first it's in more of as a 906 00:45:30.239 --> 00:45:34.000 low infrared or high infrared satellite, but it'll take opticals 907 00:45:34.039 --> 00:45:34.360 as well. 908 00:45:34.360 --> 00:45:35.599 How's it compared to JWT. 909 00:45:36.320 --> 00:45:40.280 JWST is a different creature. JWST is in which directions. 910 00:45:40.320 --> 00:45:43.079 It's in the deep infrared rather than in the optical range. 911 00:45:43.400 --> 00:45:45.760 And it's meant to see very very far away in 912 00:45:45.800 --> 00:45:48.559 a narrow field of space, where the w first or 913 00:45:48.599 --> 00:45:50.599 the Rancy Roman is designed to have a much wider 914 00:45:50.599 --> 00:45:53.239 field to see much more than Hubble can. Okay, it's 915 00:45:53.400 --> 00:45:56.320 a lot more advanced technology. Ruble's very old, right, I 916 00:45:56.320 --> 00:45:58.880 mean it's been around since the eighties for crying out Loud. Oh, 917 00:46:00.079 --> 00:46:02.800 arguably when they lose control of it, they'll leave it 918 00:46:02.800 --> 00:46:07.480 in that orbit. Like you know, starship could go pick Hubble. 919 00:46:07.280 --> 00:46:08.800 Up, drag it back home. 920 00:46:08.960 --> 00:46:12.639 Well, it would fit inside of the of the payload bay. 921 00:46:12.800 --> 00:46:15.599 That's nuts, Yeah, And I mean that would be the 922 00:46:15.639 --> 00:46:18.119 great outcome was that thing should be in the Smithsonian 923 00:46:18.159 --> 00:46:19.079 for Crying Out Loud. 924 00:46:19.480 --> 00:46:22.000 Absolutely hanging up right next to the Spirit of Saint. 925 00:46:21.920 --> 00:46:25.360 Louis Darren Wright. And also at that point it will 926 00:46:25.400 --> 00:46:27.920 have been like thirty or forty years in space. But 927 00:46:27.920 --> 00:46:29.719 it's in a high enough orbit it'll stay up there 928 00:46:29.719 --> 00:46:33.360 for a long long time, so it's it's worth retrieving. 929 00:46:33.400 --> 00:46:35.519 It's just not any But the interesting thing now is 930 00:46:35.679 --> 00:46:37.840 the guy who proposed the mission and was turned down 931 00:46:38.519 --> 00:46:41.960 maybe the next NaSTA administrator. So who knows what happens 932 00:46:41.960 --> 00:46:42.199 with that? 933 00:46:42.239 --> 00:46:42.960 Who knows? 934 00:46:43.280 --> 00:46:47.599 Right, I haven't talked about Blue Origin yet, sure, normally 935 00:46:47.599 --> 00:46:49.800 I don't talk about rockets that haven't flown, but they 936 00:46:50.239 --> 00:46:53.599 look like they're really really close. Finally, after all these years, 937 00:46:54.480 --> 00:46:58.199 you know, they've been talking. He's you know, Jeff Bezos 938 00:46:58.199 --> 00:47:01.519 has never flown anybody into He's just flown a whole 939 00:47:01.519 --> 00:47:04.599 bunch of New Shepherd missions, which are our suborbital flights. 940 00:47:04.599 --> 00:47:06.360 They get above the carbon line, but they don't stand over. 941 00:47:06.400 --> 00:47:09.079 They don't go fast enough. The rocket's tiny comparison, but 942 00:47:09.159 --> 00:47:13.039 he's been working on this six meter rocket, so not 943 00:47:13.159 --> 00:47:17.280 as big as Starship, but big with a landable first stage. 944 00:47:17.320 --> 00:47:22.880 That's the proposal at a disposable upper stage. And they 945 00:47:22.960 --> 00:47:24.880 kept they were very secret for many, many years, but 946 00:47:24.960 --> 00:47:28.519 they now today when we're recording this, have our rocket 947 00:47:28.559 --> 00:47:31.360 on the pad, a fully assembled new glenn Is at 948 00:47:32.000 --> 00:47:35.320 Kennedy Space Center, and so far they've done some tanking tests, 949 00:47:35.400 --> 00:47:38.920 but they haven't done a static fire yet. The FAA 950 00:47:38.960 --> 00:47:41.159 has not published a launch window for it yet, so 951 00:47:41.199 --> 00:47:42.760 we don't know if they don't have permission yet or 952 00:47:42.760 --> 00:47:44.480 they just don't want to publish exactly when they're going 953 00:47:44.519 --> 00:47:46.960 to fly. But generally by the point by the time 954 00:47:46.960 --> 00:47:50.840 you're doing tanking tests, you're about ready to fly. So 955 00:47:50.920 --> 00:47:52.599 they may fly before the end of the year, it 956 00:47:52.599 --> 00:47:55.800 may not. It's very close. The other vehicle it's really 957 00:47:55.800 --> 00:47:58.440 close to flying now is one called dream Chaser. This 958 00:47:58.559 --> 00:48:04.559 is Sierra Space. This was another one of the competitors 959 00:48:04.599 --> 00:48:07.119 for the commercial resupply of the Space station, and it's 960 00:48:07.159 --> 00:48:11.159 a little space plane, and they finally have a completed 961 00:48:11.239 --> 00:48:14.519 vehicle that's going through testing. The first flight should be 962 00:48:15.119 --> 00:48:18.079 in May of twenty twenty five, and they could win 963 00:48:18.119 --> 00:48:20.559 a contract to actually do resupply to the space station. 964 00:48:20.880 --> 00:48:25.639 Plus they can recover payloads better than SpaceX Camp. The 965 00:48:25.760 --> 00:48:30.679 cargo Dragon is a ballistic capsule, so their landing's fairly 966 00:48:30.800 --> 00:48:34.119 rough and it lands in the ocean, so it's there 967 00:48:34.159 --> 00:48:35.719 for a while before they can pull it out and 968 00:48:35.760 --> 00:48:38.239 do all the things where Dream Chaser actually lands like 969 00:48:38.280 --> 00:48:39.880 an airplane, so you could put it down on a 970 00:48:39.920 --> 00:48:43.960 runway much gentler, less g loads on it and get 971 00:48:43.960 --> 00:48:45.880 supplies out of it. So there's a case for this thing. 972 00:48:46.199 --> 00:48:48.360 They'd like to build a crew one, but who knows 973 00:48:48.360 --> 00:48:51.000 when that's ever going to happen. Right now, the testing 974 00:48:51.039 --> 00:48:53.360 shows that it's a cargo space plane that should last 975 00:48:53.360 --> 00:48:57.800 at least fifteen missions, so fairly reusable. And they've got 976 00:48:57.840 --> 00:49:00.400 a second one under construction. Now they're calling Reverence cool. 977 00:49:00.599 --> 00:49:04.519 All right, should we take a break and then we'll 978 00:49:04.519 --> 00:49:05.239 talk about the moon. 979 00:49:05.440 --> 00:49:07.480 Yeah, let's take a quick break and we'll be right 980 00:49:07.519 --> 00:49:11.119 back with more space geeking out with Richard Campbell after 981 00:49:11.119 --> 00:49:15.280 these very important messages, be right back. Did you know 982 00:49:15.320 --> 00:49:18.400 that you can work with AWS directly from your ID? 983 00:49:19.360 --> 00:49:23.920 AWS provides toolkits for visual Studio, visual Studio code, and 984 00:49:24.119 --> 00:49:28.760 jet brains rider. Learn more at AWS dot Amazon dot com, 985 00:49:28.880 --> 00:49:35.320 slash net slash tools Attention dot net developers looking for 986 00:49:35.360 --> 00:49:41.920 the ultimate SDK to handle electronic document processing. Meet txtext Control. 987 00:49:42.559 --> 00:49:46.880 Txtext controls your go to solution for seamless PDF generation, 988 00:49:47.360 --> 00:49:52.320 secure electronics signatures, and efficient digital forms processing all within 989 00:49:52.400 --> 00:49:56.599 your dot net applications. Empower your products with robust document 990 00:49:56.679 --> 00:50:02.159 management capabilities, boost productivity and deliver top notch solutions to 991 00:50:02.199 --> 00:50:06.480 your clients, trusted by developers worldwide, including me and Richard. 992 00:50:06.800 --> 00:50:10.320 Tx text Control is the SDK that makes a difference. 993 00:50:10.800 --> 00:50:14.920 Check out demos dot textcontrol dot com for live online 994 00:50:14.920 --> 00:50:20.679 demos and see it in action. All right, we're back. 995 00:50:20.760 --> 00:50:24.480 It's dot NetRocks the geek Out edition Space geek Out 996 00:50:24.559 --> 00:50:28.039 twenty twenty four. You know you're waiting for him, right absolutely? 997 00:50:29.280 --> 00:50:32.920 Second half. I did put out any asks for questions. 998 00:50:33.480 --> 00:50:36.719 Folks said things I should address, and Jay responded when 999 00:50:36.760 --> 00:50:39.280 he asked how realistic is the twenty twenty six schedule 1000 00:50:39.280 --> 00:50:41.519 to get back to the Moon? And my answer to 1001 00:50:41.519 --> 00:50:44.400 that is not realistic at all. 1002 00:50:45.920 --> 00:50:48.079 I just want to know, like, of all the things 1003 00:50:48.119 --> 00:50:50.599 to do in space, why go back to somewhere where 1004 00:50:50.639 --> 00:50:52.159 we have been already and know a. 1005 00:50:52.079 --> 00:50:55.079 Lot about We only know a little bit about about 1006 00:50:55.079 --> 00:50:58.119 the Moon, But don't we know enough? Nope, there's lots 1007 00:50:58.159 --> 00:51:02.079 more to know. The main thing is we I mean, 1008 00:51:02.199 --> 00:51:06.320 arguably the missions in the late sixties early seventies, which 1009 00:51:06.360 --> 00:51:08.440 were military missions, even if they wrapped them in a 1010 00:51:08.480 --> 00:51:12.239 science wrapper, like eleven of the twelve people that landed 1011 00:51:12.280 --> 00:51:16.480 on the Moon were test pilots, one was a geologist, 1012 00:51:17.239 --> 00:51:19.840 Jack Schmidt, right, the only scientist to ever set foot 1013 00:51:19.840 --> 00:51:23.239 on the Moon, and they all landed roughly all on 1014 00:51:23.280 --> 00:51:26.480 the near side of the Moon, and all roughly equatorial. 1015 00:51:26.639 --> 00:51:28.800 Because of the limitations of the vehicle. The vehicle was 1016 00:51:29.000 --> 00:51:32.360 very dangerous. The Apollo system had many failure modes that 1017 00:51:32.360 --> 00:51:35.079 were not survival, so continuing those flights after they'd accomplished 1018 00:51:35.079 --> 00:51:38.320 their goal was questionable. So the reason to go back 1019 00:51:38.320 --> 00:51:40.679 to the Moon now is A, we can do it 1020 00:51:40.760 --> 00:51:43.559 much shaper. B. There's a lot of research to be done, 1021 00:51:43.719 --> 00:51:46.400 and we've proven pretty categorically that there's water ice in 1022 00:51:46.480 --> 00:51:50.079 shaded areas on the poles, and that sets us up 1023 00:51:50.079 --> 00:51:52.119 for making a lot less expensive to be on the Moon. 1024 00:51:53.079 --> 00:51:55.800 So back in twenty seventeen, I did a geek out 1025 00:51:56.079 --> 00:51:58.280 about building a based on the Moon based on the 1026 00:51:58.280 --> 00:52:01.320 ease of papers and so forth, which NASA liked enough 1027 00:52:01.320 --> 00:52:02.599 that they asked me to come and speak to them 1028 00:52:02.639 --> 00:52:04.039 about their own stuff, which is weird. 1029 00:52:04.119 --> 00:52:06.480 Yeah, that was truly mind blowing. 1030 00:52:07.840 --> 00:52:11.199 But the point was what had been proposed and which 1031 00:52:11.239 --> 00:52:14.880 still makes sense, is equivalent of like Antarctic style missions, 1032 00:52:14.880 --> 00:52:17.719 but on the Moon, to put scientists on for a period. 1033 00:52:17.760 --> 00:52:19.800 The current periods like forty two days at a time, 1034 00:52:19.840 --> 00:52:23.360 So that's a day cycle, night cycle, day cycle on 1035 00:52:23.440 --> 00:52:25.880 the Moon to do experiments on the surface, and there's 1036 00:52:25.920 --> 00:52:29.119 a bunch of interesting things to do. Obviously, the water 1037 00:52:29.199 --> 00:52:31.239 ice is number one. If you can get water ice. 1038 00:52:31.360 --> 00:52:33.920 You said forty two days or forty two hours, forty 1039 00:52:33.920 --> 00:52:36.559 two days a day cycle, a night cycle, in a 1040 00:52:36.639 --> 00:52:37.119 day cycle. 1041 00:52:38.400 --> 00:52:40.280 So if you're standing on the equator of the Moon, 1042 00:52:41.360 --> 00:52:45.079 you will have fourteen earth days of sunlight on you 1043 00:52:46.320 --> 00:52:49.960 and because of how it rotatescause of how it rotates, yeah, yeah, 1044 00:52:50.639 --> 00:52:52.559 and so you had alloys up the end up with 1045 00:52:52.599 --> 00:52:55.119 forty two days. So you you know, you're there long 1046 00:52:55.239 --> 00:52:58.400 enough to really do a lot of experimentation, right, you 1047 00:52:58.440 --> 00:53:01.360 know the long again. We only ever had one scientist 1048 00:53:01.360 --> 00:53:04.360 on the moon, jash Smitt. He had three six hour 1049 00:53:04.440 --> 00:53:07.480 shifts on the moon. He found more things, more important 1050 00:53:07.519 --> 00:53:09.519 things on the Moon than the rest of them. Com mind, 1051 00:53:10.079 --> 00:53:12.639 because he's actually a scientist. Like what would happen if 1052 00:53:12.679 --> 00:53:15.679 you allowed scientists to actually work in an extended period? 1053 00:53:15.679 --> 00:53:17.760 And so you certainly don't want to be on the 1054 00:53:17.840 --> 00:53:21.519 dark side or in the dark at all, because one 1055 00:53:21.599 --> 00:53:23.280 it's darker than dark is dark. 1056 00:53:23.440 --> 00:53:24.320 It's pretty damn dark. 1057 00:53:24.320 --> 00:53:27.320 And number two, it's actually freezing. 1058 00:53:27.599 --> 00:53:30.760 It's very cold, very very cold. But the suits will 1059 00:53:30.800 --> 00:53:33.480 protect you. The intent is you would do a full 1060 00:53:33.559 --> 00:53:34.599 dark cycle too. 1061 00:53:34.639 --> 00:53:36.719 Wow, I can't imagine. 1062 00:53:36.360 --> 00:53:39.559 That would only be fourteen earth days in the darkness, right, 1063 00:53:39.679 --> 00:53:42.280 Like you ask a guy who's up in long ear 1064 00:53:42.360 --> 00:53:46.400 bin in this falbarred islands, they do four months of. 1065 00:53:46.480 --> 00:53:49.360 Dark, right, But I mean there is ambient light. There 1066 00:53:49.400 --> 00:53:51.719 is no ambient light on the space side. 1067 00:53:51.800 --> 00:53:54.079 Oh, there's absolutely ambient light. There's still stars. 1068 00:53:54.280 --> 00:53:55.599 Yeah, I suppose. 1069 00:53:55.360 --> 00:53:58.920 Right, but in fact you'll get you out. And by 1070 00:53:58.920 --> 00:54:01.199 the way, no astronaut is really ever seen them from 1071 00:54:01.239 --> 00:54:02.760 the surface of the Moon because they were only there 1072 00:54:03.119 --> 00:54:04.800 for three days in daylight the whole time. 1073 00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:07.800 Yeah, so I imagine the stars must look amazing. 1074 00:54:08.119 --> 00:54:11.159 There must be astonishing, without a doubt. What you won't 1075 00:54:11.159 --> 00:54:13.519 see in the sky would be, you know, the. 1076 00:54:13.440 --> 00:54:17.000 Moon, the moon. You might see the Earth. 1077 00:54:16.880 --> 00:54:18.400 But you will see the Earth and it will be 1078 00:54:18.559 --> 00:54:21.559 like and it reflects more light than the than the 1079 00:54:21.559 --> 00:54:23.320 Moon does, so you'll probably get quite a bit of 1080 00:54:23.360 --> 00:54:26.719 light from that. But it's certainly part of the whole experience. 1081 00:54:27.159 --> 00:54:29.480 So twenty twenty four, there was a bunch of missions 1082 00:54:29.480 --> 00:54:30.880 in the Moon. I mentioned one of them already, the 1083 00:54:30.880 --> 00:54:34.440 Percan mission in January, which didn't make it to the Moon. 1084 00:54:35.599 --> 00:54:40.000 Then the Japanese, also in January, landed the first Japanese 1085 00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:43.880 spacecraft the Moon. Ever, it's called Slim. It didn't land well. 1086 00:54:45.119 --> 00:54:48.360 They dropped a couple of little rovers and then as 1087 00:54:48.400 --> 00:54:50.360 they went to land it tipped over on its side, 1088 00:54:51.199 --> 00:54:53.719 solar panels down, so it only lasted for a few hours. 1089 00:54:53.760 --> 00:54:54.480 Hey for efvert. 1090 00:54:54.920 --> 00:54:57.119 Those little rovers were able to take pictures and show 1091 00:54:57.159 --> 00:54:59.639 that one of the engine nozzles was missing, so that's 1092 00:54:59.679 --> 00:55:02.320 probably why it tipped over. It blew an engine. 1093 00:55:02.039 --> 00:55:03.199 Nozzle lot, which is unfortunate. 1094 00:55:03.559 --> 00:55:09.320 Well, I fully expect that the Japanese will be doing 1095 00:55:09.400 --> 00:55:10.840 amazing things on the Moon. 1096 00:55:11.079 --> 00:55:13.920 I imagine, yeah, they'll keep trying. I mean again, it 1097 00:55:13.960 --> 00:55:16.000 worked for a while, and their little rovers worked great. 1098 00:55:16.800 --> 00:55:20.400 Twenty in February, Nova Sea landed on the South Pole, 1099 00:55:21.039 --> 00:55:22.400 one of the first few. It was line of South Pole. 1100 00:55:22.440 --> 00:55:25.840 The Indians got their first. It landed badly too. It 1101 00:55:25.840 --> 00:55:28.079 had a little bit too much lateral coming down and 1102 00:55:28.119 --> 00:55:31.280 it snapped a leg and tipped over. Although in that case, 1103 00:55:31.320 --> 00:55:33.760 it landed on its side solar panels up, so we 1104 00:55:33.800 --> 00:55:36.239 still have able to do a bunch of missions successful. 1105 00:55:37.440 --> 00:55:39.159 Who had the most success on the Moon. In twenty 1106 00:55:39.199 --> 00:55:44.159 twenty four China. China launched a pair of communication satellites 1107 00:55:44.199 --> 00:55:47.039 to add to their existing communication satellite that covers the 1108 00:55:47.079 --> 00:55:48.920 far side of the Moon because they have a series 1109 00:55:48.960 --> 00:55:50.800 of additional missions on the far side of the moon, 1110 00:55:50.920 --> 00:55:53.440 Changes six, seven, and eight. And then they flew Chang 1111 00:55:53.480 --> 00:55:56.360 E six which landed on the Apollo basin which is 1112 00:55:56.360 --> 00:55:59.079 on the far side of the Moon. And not only landed, 1113 00:55:59.360 --> 00:56:01.920 this was a talk about a complicated spacecraft. So this 1114 00:56:02.000 --> 00:56:08.199 had an orbiter, a lander with a rover, and an 1115 00:56:08.159 --> 00:56:12.920 ascent stage four pieces wow. And within a couple of 1116 00:56:12.960 --> 00:56:16.079 days of landing they picked up samples from the lunar 1117 00:56:16.119 --> 00:56:18.159 surface and put it in the ascent stage, which then 1118 00:56:18.559 --> 00:56:22.079 went back up into space, connected up with that orbiter 1119 00:56:22.320 --> 00:56:26.360 and flew back to Earth and re entered successfully re 1120 00:56:26.559 --> 00:56:29.440 entered a capsule successfully into the Mongolian desert, so they 1121 00:56:29.480 --> 00:56:32.840 have the first new samples from the Moon since the seventies, 1122 00:56:33.000 --> 00:56:36.280 God bless them. And then the arbiter they changed its 1123 00:56:36.360 --> 00:56:38.159 orbit into a stable Orbits is going to be there 1124 00:56:38.159 --> 00:56:42.280 for forever. So huge accomplishments on the Moon for China 1125 00:56:42.400 --> 00:56:45.199 so far, and they're on they've got a plan to 1126 00:56:45.280 --> 00:56:49.199 put humans on the Moon as well, which means we 1127 00:56:49.199 --> 00:56:53.559 should probably talk about the NASA Moon missions. 1128 00:56:53.719 --> 00:56:54.280 Let's do it. 1129 00:56:54.599 --> 00:56:58.360 That's the Artemis missions, right arm being the sister to 1130 00:56:58.480 --> 00:57:01.639 Apollo yep, if you catch the meeting. So there's been 1131 00:57:01.679 --> 00:57:03.840 one Artimist flight so far, was in November twenty two. 1132 00:57:03.840 --> 00:57:07.239 It was unmanned where they flew in Oryan capsule to 1133 00:57:07.280 --> 00:57:09.719 the Moon and they did a bunch of gravitational tricks there, 1134 00:57:09.719 --> 00:57:12.239 things they'd never done before. As much as it looks 1135 00:57:12.360 --> 00:57:15.840 like a basic mission, they did advance the science. They 1136 00:57:16.000 --> 00:57:19.079 validated a bunch of order models and so forth. The 1137 00:57:19.119 --> 00:57:21.159 second flight, Artemist two, is supposed to be the first 1138 00:57:21.159 --> 00:57:23.760 man flight. It's a replay of Apollo eight. They're just 1139 00:57:23.760 --> 00:57:25.760 going to fly around the Moon and back again, lots 1140 00:57:25.800 --> 00:57:28.480 of systems to validate. Four people supposed to be on that, 1141 00:57:28.519 --> 00:57:32.920 including one Canadian. Was originally planned for twenty twenty three, 1142 00:57:33.000 --> 00:57:35.199 and then they bumped out the twenty twenty four which 1143 00:57:35.199 --> 00:57:37.559 would have been this year, and then in September twenty four, 1144 00:57:37.679 --> 00:57:41.199 they said no sooner than September twenty twenty five, and 1145 00:57:41.239 --> 00:57:43.000 then a month later said, as she'll be April of 1146 00:57:43.039 --> 00:57:46.639 twenty twenty six. One of the problems they had and 1147 00:57:46.719 --> 00:57:49.440 been reviewing for a while was that the heat shield 1148 00:57:49.440 --> 00:57:53.000 on Artist one, which functioned and made it back on 1149 00:57:53.039 --> 00:57:55.639 the surface, had a lot more damage on it than expected. 1150 00:57:55.679 --> 00:57:58.239 It had big chunks blown out of it, actually, and 1151 00:57:58.280 --> 00:58:00.000 it's taken them a long time to come to this conclusion, 1152 00:58:00.159 --> 00:58:03.400 but they finally figured out that it was the skip effect. 1153 00:58:03.599 --> 00:58:06.599 So this vehicle. The problem here is that when you 1154 00:58:06.639 --> 00:58:09.159 fly back from the Earth to the Moon the Moon, 1155 00:58:09.400 --> 00:58:13.079 the Earth grabs you and accelerates you. So you leave 1156 00:58:13.239 --> 00:58:16.119 the Earth going towards the Moon and maybe twenty seven 1157 00:58:16.159 --> 00:58:18.880 twenty eight thousand miles per hour just enough to get there, 1158 00:58:19.119 --> 00:58:21.000 and you're slowing down the whole time you get there. 1159 00:58:21.000 --> 00:58:23.159 But just before you would start falling back to Earth, 1160 00:58:23.199 --> 00:58:25.039 the Moon grabs you and you start to accelerate towards 1161 00:58:25.079 --> 00:58:27.480 the Moon. But when you're flying back from the Moon 1162 00:58:27.519 --> 00:58:29.239 to the Earth, it doesn't take a lot of thrust 1163 00:58:29.239 --> 00:58:31.519 to leave the Moon, so you're only moving about three 1164 00:58:31.559 --> 00:58:35.599 thousand miles an hour, but as you fall towards the Earth, 1165 00:58:35.639 --> 00:58:38.159 you start accelerating and accelerating, and by the time you 1166 00:58:38.199 --> 00:58:43.159 get back to the Earth you're moving about forty thousand Yeah, 1167 00:58:43.199 --> 00:58:45.840 this is the problem, right, It's like you're going. This 1168 00:58:45.880 --> 00:58:48.920 is why we've never ever put anything back into orbit 1169 00:58:48.960 --> 00:58:51.079 around the Earth from the Moon. All we've done is 1170 00:58:51.119 --> 00:58:53.480 do direct re entry. But you go in so fast. 1171 00:58:53.519 --> 00:58:55.440 If you came in too steeply, you'd just burn up. 1172 00:58:56.320 --> 00:58:57.920 And so one of the things they did for the 1173 00:58:57.960 --> 00:59:00.159 apoll Miisians and the experiment and they were doing, or 1174 00:59:00.199 --> 00:59:02.760 they first rhyme mission, is that it is skip re entry. 1175 00:59:03.159 --> 00:59:05.440 So they actually go into the atmosphere the Earth to 1176 00:59:05.559 --> 00:59:09.480 accelerate and then come back out of the atmosphere, let 1177 00:59:09.519 --> 00:59:11.719 the heat shield cool down, and now they've slowed down 1178 00:59:11.800 --> 00:59:13.199 enough that they fall back in again. 1179 00:59:13.480 --> 00:59:16.679 That makes sense, bouncing sield atmosphere before. 1180 00:59:16.440 --> 00:59:18.400 You effect on it, but not too many. And I 1181 00:59:18.519 --> 00:59:20.360 want to make it so vigorous as like a boying. 1182 00:59:20.440 --> 00:59:22.599 It's not that kind of bounce. It's a skim in 1183 00:59:22.960 --> 00:59:24.480 to slow down and then cool. 1184 00:59:24.519 --> 00:59:26.159 It's like skipping stones on the walls. 1185 00:59:27.599 --> 00:59:29.920 The problem here is then the heat shield on Theryon's 1186 00:59:30.039 --> 00:59:32.400 much larger than the Apollo capsule. It's a much bigger vehicle, 1187 00:59:32.920 --> 00:59:36.559 and it's new material, and it appears that the cooling 1188 00:59:36.639 --> 00:59:41.519 of the material from that skip created bubbles that then 1189 00:59:41.519 --> 00:59:44.079 when they heat it back up again, they burst and 1190 00:59:44.199 --> 00:59:46.679 blue chunks out of the heat shield. Oh, so the 1191 00:59:46.719 --> 00:59:49.199 heat shield needs to be revised. It's probably the pacing 1192 00:59:49.239 --> 00:59:52.920 item now and they but they feel like it probably 1193 00:59:52.920 --> 00:59:55.159 would have worked anyway. But yeah, they're definitely going to 1194 00:59:55.199 --> 00:59:56.760 correct it, and that's why they pushed out to April 1195 00:59:56.800 --> 01:00:01.000 twenty six. Okay, and then that leaves us with Artemis three, 1196 01:00:01.000 --> 01:00:03.400 which is supposed to be the return landing on the Moon, 1197 01:00:03.639 --> 01:00:06.440 currently scheduled for September twenty twenty six. So back to 1198 01:00:06.559 --> 01:00:10.119 Jay's question, how realistic is twenty twenty six, Well, considering 1199 01:00:10.159 --> 01:00:14.039 they're going to do the the two flight in twenty 1200 01:00:14.039 --> 01:00:15.719 twenty six, there's no way they're going to land on 1201 01:00:15.760 --> 01:00:18.679 the Moon in twenty twenty six. The lander's not ready. 1202 01:00:18.719 --> 01:00:21.599 That's a modified version of Starship And maybe'll we run 1203 01:00:21.559 --> 01:00:24.920 anyway twenty six, Probably not. These are all unmanned flights, right, No, 1204 01:00:25.000 --> 01:00:27.480 these will be manned, will be manned, and Artemist three 1205 01:00:27.480 --> 01:00:30.320 will be manned, No kidding, Yeah, an Armist three was 1206 01:00:30.360 --> 01:00:32.519 originally going to be a Lunar Gateway mission. The original 1207 01:00:32.559 --> 01:00:35.000 proposal was that they build a space station in arbit 1208 01:00:35.039 --> 01:00:37.320 around the Moon. There was a bunch of reasons why 1209 01:00:37.360 --> 01:00:38.159 that was a good idea. 1210 01:00:38.480 --> 01:00:41.039 The Chinese missions weren't manned, though, were they. 1211 01:00:41.199 --> 01:00:44.880 Nope, nobody else is. Nobody's falling back to the Moon yet. Okay, theory, 1212 01:00:44.920 --> 01:00:46.400 the first time we're going to get anywhere near the 1213 01:00:46.400 --> 01:00:48.480 Moon again will be in twenty six with Artemis two. 1214 01:00:48.519 --> 01:00:50.440 In theory, I don't know if it's actually gonna happen. 1215 01:00:50.480 --> 01:00:51.679 It's been delayed a bunch. 1216 01:00:51.480 --> 01:00:53.719 So off the top of your head, what are the 1217 01:00:53.719 --> 01:00:57.239 countries that have had manned landings on the Moon. 1218 01:00:57.239 --> 01:00:59.360 Well, there's only one, the only the US has been. 1219 01:00:59.280 --> 01:00:59.599 To the Moon. 1220 01:00:59.679 --> 01:01:01.559 I thought, I thought the Russians were too. 1221 01:01:01.760 --> 01:01:03.960 Russians wanted to, but they never got there. Their moon 1222 01:01:04.039 --> 01:01:06.719 rocket may never guid into orbit. They only had four 1223 01:01:06.760 --> 01:01:08.880 attempts with the end one and they all exploded. And 1224 01:01:08.880 --> 01:01:11.800 then they stopped because the Americans already already done it. 1225 01:01:11.960 --> 01:01:16.599 Huh okay, so yeah that's it then, And the Russians, 1226 01:01:17.039 --> 01:01:18.599 you know, are kind of out of money right now, 1227 01:01:18.599 --> 01:01:22.280 they've been fighting an unnecessary war of their own making 1228 01:01:23.559 --> 01:01:26.719 that has debilitated their economy. 1229 01:01:26.960 --> 01:01:30.559 Oh man, it's sad. It's sad. And now they're wasting, 1230 01:01:30.960 --> 01:01:34.159 not wasting, but they are wasting North Korean troops. They're 1231 01:01:34.199 --> 01:01:38.400 just throwing them in and busting them out bodies. 1232 01:01:38.920 --> 01:01:41.800 Just it's horrible, totally unnecesary when you could be working 1233 01:01:41.800 --> 01:01:43.639 on something interesting like actually going to the moon. But 1234 01:01:43.679 --> 01:01:45.880 the Chinese are all in, They're working hard to get 1235 01:01:45.920 --> 01:01:48.559 to the moon. The big thing about these artemist flights 1236 01:01:48.599 --> 01:01:50.840 is it's a space launch system. Right. This is We've 1237 01:01:50.880 --> 01:01:53.159 talked about this on many geek outs. The space launch 1238 01:01:53.199 --> 01:01:58.719 system is basically modified Space Shuttle parts. Lately, I've been 1239 01:01:58.719 --> 01:02:00.760 saying this would be a really cool rocketed in nineteen 1240 01:02:00.840 --> 01:02:03.639 ninety nine, but in twenty twenty four, it's really archaic. 1241 01:02:03.760 --> 01:02:07.280 It's also catastrophically expensive. 1242 01:02:07.480 --> 01:02:08.679 So why are they doing it? 1243 01:02:08.719 --> 01:02:12.440 What current calculation is two and a half billion dollars 1244 01:02:12.480 --> 01:02:12.760 of flight? 1245 01:02:12.840 --> 01:02:14.960 Why are they doing it so seriously when you have 1246 01:02:15.079 --> 01:02:20.079 SpaceX out there that clearly has is cost effective and tirable. 1247 01:02:20.199 --> 01:02:23.639 Well, now we get into you know the reality of NASA, 1248 01:02:23.679 --> 01:02:26.760 which is NASA as a government agency and Congress holds 1249 01:02:26.760 --> 01:02:27.440 their purse strings. 1250 01:02:27.480 --> 01:02:29.519 Yeah, and it needs to exist because of all the 1251 01:02:29.519 --> 01:02:30.800 people that work there. 1252 01:02:30.599 --> 01:02:34.039 Right well, and yeah, the reality is even NASA didn't 1253 01:02:34.039 --> 01:02:38.519 want SLS, but the Congress did you know, NASA cleverly 1254 01:02:40.199 --> 01:02:42.400 to keep the Space Shuttle flying even with all the 1255 01:02:42.400 --> 01:02:44.599 problems with special had made sure that every state in 1256 01:02:44.639 --> 01:02:47.920 the Union did something related to Space Shuttle, which means 1257 01:02:47.960 --> 01:02:51.800 they had all these Congress people who cared about NASA. 1258 01:02:51.920 --> 01:02:54.000 And when the Space Shuttle had to end, and it 1259 01:02:54.039 --> 01:02:56.360 did make sense to end it, we had serious problems 1260 01:02:56.400 --> 01:03:00.320 that was going to kill more people, they did want 1261 01:03:00.320 --> 01:03:03.079 to lose those jobs, and so Congress continued to fund 1262 01:03:03.519 --> 01:03:06.679 an alternative to Shuttle using those technologies. The big requirement 1263 01:03:06.760 --> 01:03:09.719 was you shuttle technologies so that all of those workers 1264 01:03:09.800 --> 01:03:12.119 in all of those states would keep working. But it 1265 01:03:12.440 --> 01:03:17.840 makes it really expensive, and they're only barely funded it efficient, right, 1266 01:03:18.039 --> 01:03:20.039 They only funded it enough to keep the people working. 1267 01:03:20.079 --> 01:03:23.440 It was almost an accident. They actually succeeded in building 1268 01:03:23.480 --> 01:03:26.960 a vehicle, but it keeps going on, right, because they 1269 01:03:27.000 --> 01:03:29.480 don't have enough funding to quickly build a mobile launcher. 1270 01:03:29.880 --> 01:03:32.440 They've tripled the budget on the mobile launcher. That's not 1271 01:03:32.519 --> 01:03:34.559 the procket. This is the thing that holds a rocket, 1272 01:03:35.039 --> 01:03:38.039 which current expectation is a billion one point eight billion 1273 01:03:38.039 --> 01:03:40.480 to build. To finish the mobile launcher, it's supposed to 1274 01:03:40.519 --> 01:03:42.360 be a few hundred million. It's still too much, but 1275 01:03:43.320 --> 01:03:46.800 it's just incredibly inefficient, and you're right. With Starship coming up, 1276 01:03:46.840 --> 01:03:50.639 it's becoming sillier and sillier. But it's not that easy 1277 01:03:50.679 --> 01:03:52.880 to cancel. Like my concern with a guy like Jared 1278 01:03:52.920 --> 01:03:57.280 Eisenman being the administrator is he's a tech billionaire. He 1279 01:03:57.360 --> 01:03:59.920 made his money being at the top of a company 1280 01:04:00.039 --> 01:04:04.320 you had complete control over, and NASA is not that. Right. 1281 01:04:04.480 --> 01:04:09.360 You have to negotiate with Congress for your budget, right, 1282 01:04:09.559 --> 01:04:11.760 you have to work out that relationship. And NASA has 1283 01:04:11.800 --> 01:04:13.920 never been able to cancel us the less themselves. Every 1284 01:04:13.920 --> 01:04:16.400 time they tried, the Congress put it back in the budget. 1285 01:04:17.880 --> 01:04:21.079 So how do you change that? That's a very difficult thing. 1286 01:04:22.320 --> 01:04:24.519 Now you can make fun of NASA for the tactic 1287 01:04:24.559 --> 01:04:26.639 around the Space Shuttle, but it's also how the station 1288 01:04:26.760 --> 01:04:29.960 got built. The reason the International Space Station exists is 1289 01:04:30.000 --> 01:04:34.599 that it had multiple countries involved. So now an administration 1290 01:04:34.679 --> 01:04:37.320 can't just cancel it. They have agreements with other countries, 1291 01:04:38.800 --> 01:04:41.239 and that got the station done, and we might as 1292 01:04:41.280 --> 01:04:45.480 well talk about the station, Okay, you know, continuously inhabited 1293 01:04:45.519 --> 01:04:48.519 since November of two thousand, so twenty four years straight. 1294 01:04:48.760 --> 01:04:50.559 It's been about two hundred and eighty people that have 1295 01:04:50.639 --> 01:04:54.280 visited the station over that time. It's supposed to be 1296 01:04:54.320 --> 01:05:00.559 operated until twenty thirty, which point it'll be deorbited minus 1297 01:05:00.599 --> 01:05:01.320 a couple of years. 1298 01:05:01.480 --> 01:05:03.079 I have an app on my phone that every once 1299 01:05:03.119 --> 01:05:05.239 in a while alerts me that the space station is 1300 01:05:05.280 --> 01:05:07.679 going to be overhead, and I go outside and look, 1301 01:05:07.679 --> 01:05:11.039 and it's just amazing to think that this thing that 1302 01:05:11.119 --> 01:05:15.599 looks like a shooting star going across the sky is 1303 01:05:15.679 --> 01:05:19.159 traveling at sixty thousand miles an hour and there's people 1304 01:05:19.199 --> 01:05:19.519 on it. 1305 01:05:19.760 --> 01:05:22.960 Okay, maybe fifty six to ten. Yeah, I found it 1306 01:05:23.000 --> 01:05:24.920 with six of the ten people. No, it's about twenty 1307 01:05:24.920 --> 01:05:27.000 six thousand miles an hour, but oh, okay, six to 1308 01:05:27.039 --> 01:05:29.639 ten people on it, right, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, it 1309 01:05:29.719 --> 01:05:32.840 is extraordinary. But they I mean, the issue here Russia 1310 01:05:32.880 --> 01:05:35.000 says that they're going to pull out in twenty twenty eight. 1311 01:05:35.039 --> 01:05:37.559 But I don't know that kind of broke. I don't 1312 01:05:37.599 --> 01:05:39.320 know what they're going to keep doing. But the reality 1313 01:05:39.360 --> 01:05:40.880 is that the older parts on the space station are 1314 01:05:40.880 --> 01:05:43.679 starting to wear out. There's a persistent air leak on 1315 01:05:43.719 --> 01:05:46.079 this Vezda module, which was the second, one of the 1316 01:05:46.400 --> 01:05:48.920 first modules up there. They have been able to fix it. 1317 01:05:48.960 --> 01:05:52.639 They're finding microfractures many of the older parts, especially the 1318 01:05:52.679 --> 01:05:54.159 docking ports space chunk. 1319 01:05:54.719 --> 01:05:58.559 Yeah, little particles hit the space station can ripple in it. 1320 01:06:00.000 --> 01:06:01.840 That's an issue, but it hasn't been a big issue 1321 01:06:01.880 --> 01:06:05.519 lately for whatever reason. But just wear and tear. Space 1322 01:06:05.599 --> 01:06:07.239 is hard on parts. Those parts have been up there 1323 01:06:07.280 --> 01:06:09.079 for a long time. They weren't ready to be up 1324 01:06:09.119 --> 01:06:11.000 there much longer. Right, twenty thirty is kind of the 1325 01:06:11.039 --> 01:06:12.480 outer edge of as long as it's going to be. 1326 01:06:12.719 --> 01:06:14.239 I think it was last year you told me they 1327 01:06:14.239 --> 01:06:17.840 were working on a new station to replace the. 1328 01:06:17.920 --> 01:06:21.239 ISS more than one. Let's get there, all right. Cool. 1329 01:06:22.599 --> 01:06:24.800 This year they did issue the contract for deorbiting the 1330 01:06:24.800 --> 01:06:26.559 space station. Because it takes a few years to build 1331 01:06:26.559 --> 01:06:30.480 a deorbit it's not surprisingly SpaceX won that contract. Current 1332 01:06:30.559 --> 01:06:34.000 estimates about eight hundred and fifty million to deorbit the station. 1333 01:06:35.280 --> 01:06:37.960 The reason is it weighs four hundred metric tons. It 1334 01:06:38.039 --> 01:06:41.559 is really really big. That's nearly a million pounds. The 1335 01:06:41.639 --> 01:06:44.199 original plan back in the nineties when they were planting 1336 01:06:44.199 --> 01:06:46.199 to doing this, is that they would use three of 1337 01:06:46.239 --> 01:06:50.400 the Russian Progress spacecraft working together to diorbit it. That 1338 01:06:50.440 --> 01:06:53.000 plan would never work. Actually there's not enough ports, it's 1339 01:06:53.000 --> 01:06:55.079 not lined up correctly, and the Russians. 1340 01:06:54.719 --> 01:06:56.719 Aren't and it's kind of Russia. Yeah. 1341 01:06:56.800 --> 01:07:00.840 Yeah, So SpaceX is propose is this thing they called 1342 01:07:00.840 --> 01:07:03.559 the USD orbit Vehicle. It's a modified Dragon. Are you surprised? 1343 01:07:03.599 --> 01:07:06.840 I don't think you're. Still it would be launched on 1344 01:07:06.880 --> 01:07:10.639 a fulcon heavy because it's really quite bulky. Thirty metric 1345 01:07:10.719 --> 01:07:13.400 tons of fuel onboard, so six times what a normal 1346 01:07:14.719 --> 01:07:17.440 crew Dragon or cargo Dragon would carry. So it's a 1347 01:07:17.480 --> 01:07:20.639 normal command module, be still a cargo Dragon, but the 1348 01:07:20.760 --> 01:07:23.679 trunk is much bigger and full of fuel and thrusters 1349 01:07:23.960 --> 01:07:27.800 forty six Draco thrusters on instead of sixteen, and so 1350 01:07:28.000 --> 01:07:30.880 it would just have this huge, powerful burn that would 1351 01:07:30.960 --> 01:07:34.400 last for quite a while. To deorbit it safely, it's 1352 01:07:34.440 --> 01:07:37.920 such a big thing that it would be very dangerous 1353 01:07:37.920 --> 01:07:40.559 not to deorbit it under control, and the space station 1354 01:07:40.840 --> 01:07:45.000 cannot be unmanned, right, it needs continuous tending. That's just 1355 01:07:45.039 --> 01:07:48.800 the way it was built. And so it's lots of 1356 01:07:48.800 --> 01:07:50.480 folks are saying, like, why would you throw this away? 1357 01:07:50.559 --> 01:07:52.199 Why not put it up in a parking orbit. Well, 1358 01:07:52.239 --> 01:07:55.239 you put them in a parking orbit. It's very expensive 1359 01:07:55.239 --> 01:07:59.079 to do that, and then you want not ever going 1360 01:07:59.119 --> 01:08:00.719 to be really able to use it because you're going to 1361 01:08:00.880 --> 01:08:03.760 quickly lose control of it. Risk of explosion is high. 1362 01:08:03.760 --> 01:08:06.119 There's a lot of pressure vessels and things like. It's 1363 01:08:06.239 --> 01:08:07.360 dangerous to have it up there. 1364 01:08:07.400 --> 01:08:10.039 And also if it just eventually falls to Earth, there's 1365 01:08:10.039 --> 01:08:12.199 no telling where it will fall where we turn up 1366 01:08:12.840 --> 01:08:16.079 and four hundred what is it, four hundred metric tons 1367 01:08:16.159 --> 01:08:19.560 metric tons? Yeah, four hundred metric tons hitting the Earth 1368 01:08:19.600 --> 01:08:20.399 would be a bad thing. 1369 01:08:20.520 --> 01:08:22.640 Yeah, a bunch of it burn up, but a bunch 1370 01:08:22.680 --> 01:08:26.600 of it wouldn't. When they diorbited mirror. You know, many 1371 01:08:26.680 --> 01:08:30.239 parts made it into Point Nemo, that a spotless in 1372 01:08:30.279 --> 01:08:33.039 the Pacific where they drop this stuff. There's also a 1373 01:08:33.079 --> 01:08:35.520 question of why not take it apart. It's like, well, 1374 01:08:35.920 --> 01:08:38.359 you know, the space station was designed to be assembled, 1375 01:08:38.399 --> 01:08:41.720 but it was not designed to be disassembled, right, so 1376 01:08:41.840 --> 01:08:44.159 many many one of the things is that one of 1377 01:08:44.159 --> 01:08:46.760 the effects when you have very tight seals of metal 1378 01:08:46.760 --> 01:08:49.800 in space is they weld together, so they're very likely 1379 01:08:49.800 --> 01:08:51.319 not to come apart, even if you wanted it to. 1380 01:08:51.560 --> 01:08:56.079 Much less, after they initially connect those pieces together, they 1381 01:08:56.119 --> 01:08:57.880 add a bunch of other connections on top of that 1382 01:08:57.920 --> 01:09:00.640 to hook everything up, so they very difficult. 1383 01:09:00.680 --> 01:09:02.840 All right. So just one thing that's in the back 1384 01:09:02.880 --> 01:09:04.319 of my mind that maybe you can do as an 1385 01:09:04.359 --> 01:09:09.920 aside here is enumerate all of the different SpaceX rockets, 1386 01:09:10.000 --> 01:09:13.720 because I'm totally confused with all these names and their sizes. 1387 01:09:13.800 --> 01:09:17.159 So starting at the very smallest one is the Falcon Well. 1388 01:09:16.960 --> 01:09:19.800 Really there's only two. It's really Falcon nine is really 1389 01:09:19.880 --> 01:09:20.960 the only Falcon nine. 1390 01:09:20.960 --> 01:09:22.319 But then there's the Falcon Heavy. 1391 01:09:22.520 --> 01:09:26.279 Falcon Heavy's just three Falcon nine strapped together more right. 1392 01:09:26.319 --> 01:09:29.720 And then there's Starship Starship, which is the big mother, yeah, 1393 01:09:29.800 --> 01:09:32.239 which is his experiment to make a fully reusaal space. 1394 01:09:32.479 --> 01:09:34.279 And that's the one that really hasn't got off the 1395 01:09:34.279 --> 01:09:36.319 ground yet because it's been just so no, it's flown 1396 01:09:36.399 --> 01:09:38.680 six times, but it's never Wait a minute, well, what 1397 01:09:38.840 --> 01:09:42.039 was the one that just kind of destroyed the landing pit? 1398 01:09:42.359 --> 01:09:46.920 That was the first flight of Starship. Oh okay, all right, 1399 01:09:46.960 --> 01:09:49.640 and they repaired the pad and continue flying. They're up 1400 01:09:49.640 --> 01:09:52.119 to six flights though. Okay, so there's those three. 1401 01:09:52.319 --> 01:09:55.399 Yeah. Yeah, And admittedly Heavy is just a variant of 1402 01:09:55.399 --> 01:09:56.079 Falcon nine. 1403 01:09:56.159 --> 01:09:57.760 Okay, but it's three times as big. 1404 01:09:57.880 --> 01:10:00.319 But this, you know, this deorbit vehicle would be unique. 1405 01:10:00.319 --> 01:10:02.960 It would fly on Heavy and it's just a deorbit 1406 01:10:03.000 --> 01:10:03.560 the space station. 1407 01:10:03.720 --> 01:10:06.720 Okay, now, yeah, thanks for comparing that up. I got confused. 1408 01:10:06.800 --> 01:10:09.359 It's like alphabet soup. We did talk last year about 1409 01:10:10.199 --> 01:10:14.039 Axiom Space. Now, Axioum Space has been flying tourist flights 1410 01:10:14.079 --> 01:10:15.960 to the space station. They've had three of them as 1411 01:10:16.000 --> 01:10:19.119 of this year. And they intended to build a intend 1412 01:10:19.159 --> 01:10:22.720 to build a space station, a commercial space station up there, 1413 01:10:23.159 --> 01:10:26.680 and they were going to dock it to the International 1414 01:10:26.720 --> 01:10:28.199 Space Station as they were a stumbling it and then 1415 01:10:28.560 --> 01:10:30.800 when it was got to a certain size, they would 1416 01:10:30.800 --> 01:10:31.520 detach and. 1417 01:10:31.560 --> 01:10:35.279 Fly off on their own. And this scout formalized back 1418 01:10:35.279 --> 01:10:39.199 in twenty twenty one when NASA established the Commercial LEO 1419 01:10:39.600 --> 01:10:42.199 Destination program. So NASA said, hey, we're getting out of 1420 01:10:42.279 --> 01:10:46.880 the lower orbit space station business. We're going we want 1421 01:10:46.880 --> 01:10:50.039 to rent time on space stations if commercial will build them, 1422 01:10:51.119 --> 01:10:53.319 and they offered up some money to basically do their 1423 01:10:53.359 --> 01:10:55.279 research to figure out what kinds of space station is. 1424 01:10:55.640 --> 01:10:57.960 In twenty twenty three, there were eleven teams that applied 1425 01:10:58.560 --> 01:11:02.079 and that really came down that consulted down into three plans. 1426 01:11:02.239 --> 01:11:03.399 One of them is the one I just told you 1427 01:11:03.439 --> 01:11:06.800 about the Axiom station. So their original plan was to 1428 01:11:07.359 --> 01:11:11.199 this is another billionaire. Their original plan who who to 1429 01:11:12.319 --> 01:11:15.159 dock a component? Dock the components to the space station 1430 01:11:15.199 --> 01:11:16.800 as they're assembling them, so they didn't need their all 1431 01:11:16.840 --> 01:11:19.359 their own propulsion. It makes the system simpler. And then 1432 01:11:19.439 --> 01:11:24.359 once they're fully assembled takeoff. They have money problems, not 1433 01:11:24.399 --> 01:11:27.840 surprising like most space companies do. And so while their 1434 01:11:27.800 --> 01:11:30.640 original plan was to fly five modules space station, so 1435 01:11:30.680 --> 01:11:33.279 that was a control module, they call the PPTM, a 1436 01:11:33.399 --> 01:11:37.079 payload power thermal module, then a habitat, then an air lock, 1437 01:11:37.319 --> 01:11:40.119 then a second habitat, and then a research and manufacturing 1438 01:11:40.159 --> 01:11:42.560 module which would also have this great couple on it. 1439 01:11:42.680 --> 01:11:44.439 So having good views. 1440 01:11:44.920 --> 01:11:48.199 Now literally this month in December, they've said, okay, we're 1441 01:11:48.239 --> 01:11:52.000 going to fly the PPTM to the space station in 1442 01:11:52.000 --> 01:11:55.359 twenty twenty seven, and then in twenty twenty eight will 1443 01:11:55.359 --> 01:11:58.680 fly the HAVE one and then we'll detach from the 1444 01:11:58.720 --> 01:12:02.159 space station. Will be a controllable space station on them. 1445 01:12:02.159 --> 01:12:04.760 We'll finish the rest later. And there's also a proposal 1446 01:12:04.760 --> 01:12:06.880 they might be able to take Canada Arm to with them, 1447 01:12:08.239 --> 01:12:10.479 which is the arm system that's on the space station, 1448 01:12:10.640 --> 01:12:14.159 which is still perfectly functional and while it's large, it 1449 01:12:14.199 --> 01:12:18.079 could be left in space and usable, or they go bankrupt, 1450 01:12:18.079 --> 01:12:21.119 the l whole thing falls apart. They've been con The 1451 01:12:21.239 --> 01:12:24.239 argument against Axiom is that they've been operating like their 1452 01:12:24.319 --> 01:12:27.079 NASA with that guaranteed budget, so they've been spending more 1453 01:12:27.079 --> 01:12:30.359 than they needed to. They're overstaffed, they've been contracting out 1454 01:12:30.359 --> 01:12:34.920 their construction. They're using tails to build their space station components, 1455 01:12:35.039 --> 01:12:37.439 which admittedly those guys know how to build spacetation components. 1456 01:12:37.439 --> 01:12:39.760 They build a bunch of the International Space Station. But 1457 01:12:39.760 --> 01:12:41.520 I don't think they have enough money to fund everything, 1458 01:12:41.520 --> 01:12:45.079 and they're tourist flights don't even pay for themselves. They 1459 01:12:45.079 --> 01:12:48.920 haven't paid SpaceX for their flights so far. They're in trouble. 1460 01:12:50.640 --> 01:12:54.079 The other proposal is Orbital REEF. This is the partnership 1461 01:12:54.079 --> 01:12:57.640 between Blue Origin, Sierra Space, Boeing and a few others. 1462 01:12:58.319 --> 01:13:01.479 This is the space station dependent on New Glen, so 1463 01:13:01.560 --> 01:13:04.439 the component, the core component would be six meters because 1464 01:13:04.479 --> 01:13:09.119 that's how big New Glen is. Their design would come 1465 01:13:09.119 --> 01:13:11.439 out almost the same size as the International Space Station, 1466 01:13:11.560 --> 01:13:14.520 but in much fewer pieces. Their crew transport would be 1467 01:13:14.560 --> 01:13:19.119 dream Chaser and star Liner. Star Liner being the thing 1468 01:13:19.119 --> 01:13:19.840 that doesn't work. 1469 01:13:19.920 --> 01:13:20.960 It doesn't work and. 1470 01:13:22.800 --> 01:13:26.399 Almost at the point of flying cargo, but has naturally 1471 01:13:26.439 --> 01:13:27.479 flown into space yet. 1472 01:13:27.600 --> 01:13:30.159 So we're not too hopeful about this one. 1473 01:13:30.399 --> 01:13:34.800 This one, I mean, Blue Origin has deeper pockets. Uh, 1474 01:13:35.079 --> 01:13:38.039 and if New Glenn's works, which is a big mask, 1475 01:13:38.600 --> 01:13:41.319 it's at least more possible. They certainly have a good 1476 01:13:41.479 --> 01:13:43.800 crew with them. There was some argument that there was 1477 01:13:43.840 --> 01:13:46.239 a conflict between them and Sierra Space, but officially they're 1478 01:13:46.239 --> 01:13:50.359 saying it's still all good. The third proposal, this is 1479 01:13:50.399 --> 01:13:54.840 all of the commercial projects, is called star Lab, and 1480 01:13:54.880 --> 01:13:58.760 that's Lockey Martin with Nanoax, also part of Voyager Space. 1481 01:14:00.079 --> 01:14:01.880 Lockey Martin seems to have ducked out of this over 1482 01:14:01.880 --> 01:14:04.479 the past couple of years and Airbs has taken their place, 1483 01:14:04.680 --> 01:14:08.479 and Northrop grum And join them. So Airbus has an 1484 01:14:08.479 --> 01:14:10.960 aerospace group which we don't. That's where are and space 1485 01:14:11.000 --> 01:14:14.199 comes from, or are they're involved with. Northrop Rumman now 1486 01:14:14.279 --> 01:14:17.000 owns the Sickness spacecraft which does the resupply of the station, 1487 01:14:17.079 --> 01:14:20.800 so that's a fliable component. But they've committed to using 1488 01:14:20.880 --> 01:14:24.880 Starship to fly star Lab. They only and this is 1489 01:14:24.920 --> 01:14:28.319 a much smaller space station and midtedly the ISS arguably 1490 01:14:28.399 --> 01:14:33.199 is too big. That it's about four hundred and fifty 1491 01:14:33.279 --> 01:14:36.359 or nine hundred square meters inside, and that's big enough 1492 01:14:36.359 --> 01:14:38.159 to eluse stuff all the time. They spend a lot 1493 01:14:38.159 --> 01:14:40.800 of time looking for things in the space station, and 1494 01:14:40.880 --> 01:14:43.319 so Starlab in some ways I think is the most 1495 01:14:43.359 --> 01:14:45.359 practical in the sense that they're just talking about a 1496 01:14:45.399 --> 01:14:49.279 two piece module. A service module has propultional in power, 1497 01:14:49.479 --> 01:14:51.720 and then an inflatable halb module that inflates up to 1498 01:14:51.760 --> 01:14:53.680 eight meters in diameter. So that's pretty big. It'd be 1499 01:14:53.720 --> 01:14:54.760 about half the size of. 1500 01:14:54.800 --> 01:14:56.840 It's like a bouncy castle in space. 1501 01:14:56.880 --> 01:14:59.279 More or less. But there's a problem when you get 1502 01:14:59.279 --> 01:15:01.800 that largely. Can't leave that volume empty because if you 1503 01:15:01.840 --> 01:15:04.960 can't reach a handle to pull yourself around, you can 1504 01:15:05.039 --> 01:15:05.840 get stranded. 1505 01:15:06.239 --> 01:15:10.079 Stranding without a way, you can't really swim in nothing. 1506 01:15:10.159 --> 01:15:12.840 Nope, they can't swim. You can't like blow air like, 1507 01:15:12.920 --> 01:15:15.399 none of that works, right, and so they'd have to 1508 01:15:15.439 --> 01:15:19.479 fill the interior in like we complain that the space 1509 01:15:19.600 --> 01:15:23.079 that the International Space Station is a bit of a 1510 01:15:23.159 --> 01:15:25.800 rabbit warren because all those modules had to fit inside 1511 01:15:25.800 --> 01:15:28.159 of Shuttle. But they were a thing of three and 1512 01:15:28.199 --> 01:15:30.439 a half meters across. But that meant that you always 1513 01:15:30.439 --> 01:15:34.079 have a handhold. Yeah, right, and that's good. So you 1514 01:15:34.159 --> 01:15:36.680 mean none of these guys were talking about launching earlier 1515 01:15:36.680 --> 01:15:38.920 in twenty twenty seven or twenty twenty eight. They don't 1516 01:15:38.960 --> 01:15:39.720 have enough money. 1517 01:15:40.680 --> 01:15:42.880 But are they at least trying to make them expandable. 1518 01:15:42.920 --> 01:15:45.239 I mean, one of the benefits of the ISS was 1519 01:15:45.239 --> 01:15:47.960 it's modular, and they all yes. 1520 01:15:47.760 --> 01:15:49.840 Well, and so and so was mirror. All of these 1521 01:15:49.880 --> 01:15:51.800 have multiple docking points that they could add more to. 1522 01:15:51.960 --> 01:15:55.000 Yeah, and all the other countries could get involved and 1523 01:15:55.119 --> 01:15:57.640 put in their modules and whatever. That's the whole idea. 1524 01:15:57.640 --> 01:16:00.359 So those are the three from the commercial pro rams 1525 01:16:00.439 --> 01:16:04.359 so far. There's one other that just recently showed up, 1526 01:16:04.359 --> 01:16:11.279 and it's called vast So a cryptocurrency billionaire by the 1527 01:16:11.359 --> 01:16:15.439 name of Jed Micaleeb started the company in twenty twenty one, 1528 01:16:15.720 --> 01:16:19.119 did not submit for the commercial project. He's basically funding 1529 01:16:19.159 --> 01:16:24.119 this himself, but he's shooting low in that sense. His 1530 01:16:24.199 --> 01:16:28.600 initial products called space Haven one, and they've actually bent metal. 1531 01:16:28.640 --> 01:16:34.079 They're in qualifications for their first components small enough to 1532 01:16:34.119 --> 01:16:38.439 fly on a Falcon nine next year, supposedly, so only 1533 01:16:38.479 --> 01:16:40.359 about eighty square meters, so about the tenth the size 1534 01:16:40.359 --> 01:16:42.680 of the space station. This is little, but to keep 1535 01:16:42.680 --> 01:16:46.000 it simple, he's going to do crew transport with crew Dragon, 1536 01:16:46.039 --> 01:16:47.920 but the crew Dragon will also be the life support 1537 01:16:47.960 --> 01:16:50.560 and the communication systems and so forth, so sort of 1538 01:16:50.560 --> 01:16:54.479 a man tended little orbiter that you put your crew 1539 01:16:54.560 --> 01:16:57.560 Dragon onto and then you pressurize it and operate it 1540 01:16:57.600 --> 01:16:59.319 and so forth, so you don't have to put all 1541 01:16:59.319 --> 01:17:01.800 that stuff in, and then he wants to build bigger 1542 01:17:01.840 --> 01:17:05.920 ones from there. So I mean, I'm always worried about 1543 01:17:05.920 --> 01:17:08.359 billionaires in general with this stuff, because they're you know, 1544 01:17:08.560 --> 01:17:11.119 kind of come and go on it. But at least 1545 01:17:11.119 --> 01:17:14.359 his goals are pretty simple. But he's had very little time. 1546 01:17:14.800 --> 01:17:18.279 It's only been a couple of years, so at least 1547 01:17:18.319 --> 01:17:20.520 his goal space is small, so it's worth paying attention 1548 01:17:20.600 --> 01:17:23.720 to ask, but again nothing flowing yet. There is another 1549 01:17:23.720 --> 01:17:27.359 space station, right, there's the Chinese one, Tianggong. I didn't 1550 01:17:27.359 --> 01:17:29.880 even know that, Yeah, Tiangong. The first components went up 1551 01:17:29.920 --> 01:17:31.880 in twenty twenty one, and then crews went on there. 1552 01:17:31.920 --> 01:17:33.880 They added more modules in twenty twenty two. It's been 1553 01:17:33.880 --> 01:17:37.279 continuously crude since twenty twenty two. It's all Chinese, though 1554 01:17:37.279 --> 01:17:39.520 it's all Chinese. Only Chinese have been on it. So 1555 01:17:39.560 --> 01:17:43.039 there's three modules. There's been seven resupplies and seven crew 1556 01:17:43.119 --> 01:17:45.159 rotations on it. It's about one hundred metric tons, so 1557 01:17:45.159 --> 01:17:47.399 about a quarter of the sizes of the International Space Station. 1558 01:17:47.760 --> 01:17:51.279 It's very much like Mirror was with a three module designed. 1559 01:17:51.279 --> 01:17:52.880 There's a fourth module is supposed to be coming in 1560 01:17:52.880 --> 01:17:55.880 twenty twenty six, which is a telescope similar to Hubble. 1561 01:17:56.159 --> 01:17:59.199 No kidding, yeah, wow. So we don't know a lot 1562 01:17:59.239 --> 01:18:01.920 about it because it's Chese don't publish a lot of things. 1563 01:18:01.920 --> 01:18:04.000 They keep in the solves. But they have been talking 1564 01:18:04.039 --> 01:18:07.640 to a few other countries about being involved, one of 1565 01:18:07.680 --> 01:18:12.000 the not US centric countries for the most part, because 1566 01:18:12.039 --> 01:18:13.600 of course, one of the reasons they built this is 1567 01:18:13.600 --> 01:18:17.000 because the Chinese weren't allowed to participate with NASA, right, 1568 01:18:17.039 --> 01:18:19.000 so they they built an alternative and they are you. 1569 01:18:18.960 --> 01:18:22.359 Know, the countries Russia, China and North Korea, they're all 1570 01:18:22.439 --> 01:18:25.760 kind of getting together and trying to see how they 1571 01:18:25.800 --> 01:18:29.680 can support each other against the great evil West. 1572 01:18:30.319 --> 01:18:33.359 Well, yeah, they don't necessarily get along all that. Well, 1573 01:18:33.359 --> 01:18:37.199 they're other than disagreeing with the West, they're not the same. Right. 1574 01:18:38.159 --> 01:18:40.920 You know, there's this idea of bricks that doesn't almost 1575 01:18:40.920 --> 01:18:44.159 make sense. Anyway, let's move past the space station's definite. 1576 01:18:44.199 --> 01:18:47.840 We'll get into the other exploration of the Solar System. 1577 01:18:47.840 --> 01:18:50.960 And it was a comment off of the interwebs from 1578 01:18:51.039 --> 01:18:53.720 Jordan Maxwell. He said, hey, what will starship do for 1579 01:18:53.840 --> 01:18:57.800 outer planetary exploration? Can we do direct emissions? And when 1580 01:18:57.800 --> 01:19:01.560 he's talking, Jordan hits on a point with a mission 1581 01:19:01.600 --> 01:19:05.000 that flew this year called Europa Clipper. So Europa Clipper 1582 01:19:05.239 --> 01:19:11.279 is a spacecraft flying to Jupiter specifically to explore Europa. 1583 01:19:11.479 --> 01:19:13.800 It's not going to orbit Europa. The radiation is too 1584 01:19:13.800 --> 01:19:15.520 strong there, so it's just going to fly in and 1585 01:19:15.560 --> 01:19:19.159 out around Jupiter, get itself out of the radiation belt, parodrectally, 1586 01:19:19.159 --> 01:19:21.960 but make a series of close passes on Europa. 1587 01:19:21.479 --> 01:19:25.039 And Europa is one of Jupiter's moons. That's, yeah, probably 1588 01:19:25.039 --> 01:19:27.840 the most interesting body in the Solar System other than Earth. 1589 01:19:27.880 --> 01:19:30.119 Don't you think I'm you know when you think I 1590 01:19:30.159 --> 01:19:32.920 would also put in Settleists in that list around Saturn, 1591 01:19:33.439 --> 01:19:37.239 the one that our friend Rob Connery wrote about. 1592 01:19:38.239 --> 01:19:39.840 I haven't read that book, by the way, but I 1593 01:19:40.159 --> 01:19:40.680 would love to. 1594 01:19:40.800 --> 01:19:43.359 Yeah, it's a great book because it's also an ice 1595 01:19:43.760 --> 01:19:45.840 it's in. What we're finding is that there is a 1596 01:19:45.880 --> 01:19:50.239 few of these planetoids or moons that have liquid water 1597 01:19:50.399 --> 01:19:53.840 under an ice cap, under an icy surface, and so 1598 01:19:54.039 --> 01:19:59.079 the radiation regime is very severe, but the moons are 1599 01:19:59.079 --> 01:20:02.000 being kept warm by tidal flexing. So because they're so 1600 01:20:02.039 --> 01:20:05.119 close to a gas giant, either Jupiter or our Saturn, 1601 01:20:06.000 --> 01:20:09.119 that stress keeps them warm. It's like the same way 1602 01:20:09.159 --> 01:20:11.000 when you keep bending a piece of metal back and forth, 1603 01:20:11.039 --> 01:20:11.640 it warms up. 1604 01:20:11.920 --> 01:20:13.439 When you move water it warms up. 1605 01:20:13.560 --> 01:20:15.800 Yeah, and you're flexing the whole core of the planet. 1606 01:20:16.359 --> 01:20:19.399 And so Europa is one of these. It's also one 1607 01:20:19.399 --> 01:20:22.840 that Arthur C. Clark wrote about for in his book 1608 01:20:22.880 --> 01:20:25.079 twenty ten, where he said attempt no landing here. 1609 01:20:25.520 --> 01:20:25.600 Ye. 1610 01:20:25.960 --> 01:20:31.960 So the other interesting moon would be Titan, which is different. Again, 1611 01:20:32.000 --> 01:20:36.199 it's also around Saturn. Saturn Europa's up there. You know, 1612 01:20:36.319 --> 01:20:39.159 you've got Calisto, Ande Gandamat as well in the Jupiter system. 1613 01:20:39.199 --> 01:20:41.600 But some of these, a lot of these have liquid 1614 01:20:41.640 --> 01:20:45.439 methane atmospheres, right, so they're liquid, but they're not water. 1615 01:20:45.560 --> 01:20:48.279 Titan does. Europa is an ice ball, so doesn't look 1616 01:20:48.319 --> 01:20:52.000 like as much atmosphere at all. That the action should 1617 01:20:52.000 --> 01:20:54.199 be under the ice. And so the proposal is we 1618 01:20:54.199 --> 01:20:56.159 can learn enough about it and get good pictures to 1619 01:20:56.159 --> 01:20:59.199 figure out what to land that we'd land something there 1620 01:20:59.239 --> 01:21:01.479 and melt through the ice and put a submarine down. 1621 01:21:01.760 --> 01:21:04.560 Last pictures of fish within a machine gun. 1622 01:21:04.520 --> 01:21:07.359 You something like that. I would think, I think we're 1623 01:21:07.399 --> 01:21:12.359 shooting for bacteria, but you know, anything to find life 1624 01:21:12.439 --> 01:21:15.600 somewhere else. So originally this is one of the most 1625 01:21:15.640 --> 01:21:19.840 expensive missions ever. It's huge. Outer planet exploratory spacecraft are small. 1626 01:21:20.279 --> 01:21:22.439 This one's five and a half metric tons. It's big, 1627 01:21:22.760 --> 01:21:25.039 so big, and so it was supposed to fly. They 1628 01:21:25.079 --> 01:21:27.439 spent five billion on this thing, or four billion to 1629 01:21:27.439 --> 01:21:31.000 build it, plus a budget of over a billion for operations. 1630 01:21:31.039 --> 01:21:32.560 Now, who's they, Who's doing this? 1631 01:21:32.640 --> 01:21:35.800 Is NASA okay, although it has with involvement from Issa 1632 01:21:35.880 --> 01:21:37.960 and Jackson a few others as well. But this is 1633 01:21:38.000 --> 01:21:41.039 one of the largest missions ever built to the Outer 1634 01:21:41.119 --> 01:21:45.600 Solar System, and originally it was planned to fly on SLS, 1635 01:21:46.840 --> 01:21:48.399 the same rocket to fly it is supposed to fly 1636 01:21:48.399 --> 01:21:50.359 the ARTEMISS missions because it was so heavy and it 1637 01:21:50.359 --> 01:21:53.760 would be a direct flight. So SLS at the time 1638 01:21:53.880 --> 01:21:56.920 was expected to have enough power to fly Europa Clipper 1639 01:21:57.000 --> 01:21:59.439 directly to Jupiter in about three years. 1640 01:22:00.079 --> 01:22:01.680 To stop at Mars, for example, we. 1641 01:22:01.680 --> 01:22:07.720 Didn't have to do any slingshots right and launch in 1642 01:22:07.760 --> 01:22:10.479 twenty twenty four, arrive in twenty twenty seven. But at 1643 01:22:10.479 --> 01:22:12.600 two and a half billion dollars a lunch plus, you're 1644 01:22:12.680 --> 01:22:15.159 going to be late. Because they build them slow slowly. 1645 01:22:16.039 --> 01:22:19.079 They switched to a Falcon Heavy, so instead of two 1646 01:22:19.079 --> 01:22:20.960 and a half billion dollars, they spent one hundred and 1647 01:22:21.079 --> 01:22:26.039 eighty million dollars, so less than percent of the cost. 1648 01:22:27.079 --> 01:22:30.159 But and this was a Falcon Heavy doing full push, 1649 01:22:30.399 --> 01:22:33.760 no reusable, no recoverable cores. They burnt up every bit 1650 01:22:33.800 --> 01:22:37.520 of fuel to get Europa Clipper on its way. But 1651 01:22:37.600 --> 01:22:40.479 it doesn't have enough thrust and so now it's going 1652 01:22:40.600 --> 01:22:44.079 to take six years to get to Jupiter, including a 1653 01:22:44.119 --> 01:22:46.439 fly by of Mars and twenty twenty five and a 1654 01:22:46.479 --> 01:22:48.319 fly by of Earth in twenty twenty six to get 1655 01:22:48.359 --> 01:22:51.319 additional boost to get it out to Jupiter by twenty thirty. 1656 01:22:51.960 --> 01:22:56.680 So would Starship make a difference. Yes, Remember this is 1657 01:22:56.680 --> 01:22:59.720 a vehicle. It only weighs five point seven metric tons 1658 01:23:00.239 --> 01:23:02.920 and Starship is supposed to lift one hundred metric tons. 1659 01:23:02.920 --> 01:23:05.119 So you could put a big old kickstage plus that 1660 01:23:05.199 --> 01:23:08.960 thing in there and get it directly to Jupiter. Although 1661 01:23:09.880 --> 01:23:15.159 all of this conversation about refueling might open the door 1662 01:23:15.199 --> 01:23:18.079 to like right now, they're only talking about taking those 1663 01:23:18.079 --> 01:23:22.520 tankers flying like the Lunar Lander into orbit, which is 1664 01:23:22.680 --> 01:23:25.000 a kind of starship, and then flying tankers up to 1665 01:23:25.039 --> 01:23:27.399 it and refueling it till there's enough fuel in it. Yeah, 1666 01:23:27.439 --> 01:23:30.199 but why not actually builds a refueling depot. 1667 01:23:30.279 --> 01:23:31.960 Yeah, that's what we were talking about the very beginning. 1668 01:23:32.199 --> 01:23:34.399 Yeah, a refueling depot where the tanker would go there 1669 01:23:34.399 --> 01:23:36.119 and well, now you could have all kinds of spacefts 1670 01:23:36.279 --> 01:23:39.199 go up, take up fuel from the from the refueling depot, 1671 01:23:39.239 --> 01:23:40.079 and then go out. 1672 01:23:39.920 --> 01:23:40.439 Where they want. 1673 01:23:40.600 --> 01:23:44.760 So it's kind of like a queue in software. Right. 1674 01:23:45.159 --> 01:23:49.399 It's a place where you could have asynchronously flights bringing 1675 01:23:49.439 --> 01:23:52.880 fuel up and then flights filling up from it. 1676 01:23:53.159 --> 01:23:55.079 Right. Yeah, Well, and you could get to a place 1677 01:23:55.159 --> 01:23:57.359 where that's another commercial product in space. 1678 01:23:57.560 --> 01:23:57.840 Yeah. 1679 01:23:57.880 --> 01:24:00.600 Hey, we want methane and liquid oxygen, and at this 1680 01:24:00.800 --> 01:24:02.880 depot you can fly them from the Earth, which will 1681 01:24:02.920 --> 01:24:04.680 cost you a certain amount from low with orbit. But 1682 01:24:04.720 --> 01:24:07.640 if you could say, extract those resources from the Moon 1683 01:24:07.720 --> 01:24:09.600 and bring it back yeah, same, you. 1684 01:24:09.800 --> 01:24:11.600 Well, that's what I was talking about before. When we 1685 01:24:11.640 --> 01:24:15.199 have some sort of solar power, solar powered factory on 1686 01:24:15.279 --> 01:24:18.760 the Moon that produces fuel somehow. 1687 01:24:18.319 --> 01:24:20.079 It's one of the possibilities, and then we just need 1688 01:24:20.119 --> 01:24:21.880 to build a refueling depots. The other problem is when 1689 01:24:21.880 --> 01:24:25.239 you're trying to transfer fuel, which again we've never done. Yeah, 1690 01:24:25.359 --> 01:24:27.840 is that in free fall the liquid's not sitting by 1691 01:24:28.279 --> 01:24:31.640 the drain port. Yeah, right, you have to accelerate the vehicle. 1692 01:24:31.720 --> 01:24:32.399 That's to be pumped. 1693 01:24:32.479 --> 01:24:35.079 Well you can't. That can't even be pumped. It has 1694 01:24:35.119 --> 01:24:36.560 to actually be settled. Yeah. 1695 01:24:36.600 --> 01:24:38.720 I don't know enough about that kind of fuel. 1696 01:24:38.760 --> 01:24:41.199 If the liquid's floating around in the tank, how is 1697 01:24:41.239 --> 01:24:44.159 the pump even going to pull on it, right, you're right, yeah, yeah. 1698 01:24:44.199 --> 01:24:48.800 So your solution then is to accelerate the tank. Just 1699 01:24:48.800 --> 01:24:51.279 give it a little thrust, right, Okay, you'll always see 1700 01:24:51.319 --> 01:24:53.479 when a rocket does a relight on an engine, little 1701 01:24:53.560 --> 01:24:55.319 vern air thrushs will kick in first, and it's to get 1702 01:24:55.319 --> 01:24:57.199 all the fuel to settle to the bottom of the tank, right, 1703 01:24:57.239 --> 01:24:59.399 so they can start the engine. The problem is it 1704 01:24:59.479 --> 01:25:01.000 changes arbit when you do that. Yeah. 1705 01:25:01.199 --> 01:25:03.359 Fortunately, space is a big place and you have some 1706 01:25:03.520 --> 01:25:04.600 room to wiggle around. 1707 01:25:04.640 --> 01:25:06.239 Yeah, so you can wiggle around, but also you got 1708 01:25:06.239 --> 01:25:08.199 to find things right, that's true. 1709 01:25:08.279 --> 01:25:09.439 Now, where did I put that? 1710 01:25:09.800 --> 01:25:14.359 So one of the proposals is here somewhere. So one 1711 01:25:14.359 --> 01:25:18.119 of the proposals would be to build a rotating fuel depot. 1712 01:25:18.319 --> 01:25:22.039 So you dock to a ring and then you spin 1713 01:25:22.119 --> 01:25:23.960 it up enough to settle the fuel. Then you pump 1714 01:25:24.000 --> 01:25:28.319 it and then you spin it down and you can 1715 01:25:28.680 --> 01:25:29.279 undock again. 1716 01:25:30.239 --> 01:25:33.399 Physics, it's not just a good idea, it's the law. 1717 01:25:33.640 --> 01:25:36.960 Kind of the law, all right. So that's the Europa 1718 01:25:36.960 --> 01:25:40.680 Clipper mission. Another mission, another mission that launched this year 1719 01:25:40.760 --> 01:25:43.840 was the Hera mission. This is the follow on to 1720 01:25:44.039 --> 01:25:47.800 the Dart mission, which was the asteroid redirect mission, so 1721 01:25:47.880 --> 01:25:52.439 Hara another Greek another, although it's an acronym. Okay, So 1722 01:25:52.479 --> 01:25:56.359 if you remember back in twenty two, I was actually 1723 01:25:56.399 --> 01:25:58.119 twenty one when it launched, but twenty two when they 1724 01:25:58.159 --> 01:26:03.319 actually impact. There was this binary asteroid system, Dimorphose and 1725 01:26:03.399 --> 01:26:08.479 Dittymouse or diddy Moon, where the DART mission hit the 1726 01:26:08.520 --> 01:26:10.399 smaller moon that was in orbit of the bigger moon 1727 01:26:10.760 --> 01:26:14.560 or the bigger asteroid. The orbital period before they started 1728 01:26:14.680 --> 01:26:17.199 was eleven point nine hours and their goal was to 1729 01:26:17.199 --> 01:26:19.239 try and change it by a minute. They were hoping 1730 01:26:19.239 --> 01:26:22.880 for seventy three seconds, and the actual result was thirty 1731 01:26:22.920 --> 01:26:26.800 two minutes. So they really moved thematic change. They moved 1732 01:26:26.760 --> 01:26:28.159 it far more than expected. 1733 01:26:28.960 --> 01:26:32.159 Well that's good news because you know, if we find 1734 01:26:32.199 --> 01:26:33.119 a satellite. 1735 01:26:32.800 --> 01:26:35.159 It open some possibility. But we're still trying to find 1736 01:26:35.199 --> 01:26:37.840 out why. So there's been a lot of observery. One 1737 01:26:37.840 --> 01:26:41.159 of the reasons they'd picked Dimorphos is that it passes 1738 01:26:41.159 --> 01:26:43.039 close enough to the Earth that the telescope is going 1739 01:26:43.079 --> 01:26:44.720 to look at it. Yeah, so they've been collecting as 1740 01:26:44.800 --> 01:26:46.920 much information as they can and there's a huge tale 1741 01:26:46.960 --> 01:26:49.039 of debris. One of the things we've come to realize 1742 01:26:49.079 --> 01:26:52.760 is that Ditimos was a rubble pile. It was not 1743 01:26:52.880 --> 01:26:56.680 a solid asteroid. It was a conglomerate of little pieces, 1744 01:26:57.000 --> 01:26:59.199 and so when they hit it, those little pieces sprayed 1745 01:26:59.199 --> 01:27:02.039 out for tens of thousands of kilometers. 1746 01:27:02.319 --> 01:27:02.800 Wow. 1747 01:27:03.760 --> 01:27:06.600 And so Hara is the emission that should get there 1748 01:27:06.640 --> 01:27:08.960 in twenty six to go take a look at it. 1749 01:27:09.560 --> 01:27:11.520 And by the way, the Hara mission is a typical 1750 01:27:12.079 --> 01:27:16.720 outer outer planet's spacecraft. It's about one metric ton like 1751 01:27:16.800 --> 01:27:19.560 Europea clippers, almost six metric tons like this is that's 1752 01:27:19.640 --> 01:27:22.760 really really big. Yeah, this is the normal size. So 1753 01:27:22.800 --> 01:27:24.279 it's got a couple of cubes, thatt and so forth. 1754 01:27:24.319 --> 01:27:28.239 But it's going to go back there and get additional information, image, 1755 01:27:28.279 --> 01:27:31.159 more detail the state after the impact, and we're going 1756 01:27:31.199 --> 01:27:35.560 to learn more about protecting our planet from asteroid impacts. Yeah. 1757 01:27:35.600 --> 01:27:37.840 I mean, if there's anything that should unite the countries 1758 01:27:37.880 --> 01:27:38.720 of the world, it's that. 1759 01:27:39.359 --> 01:27:41.800 Yeah, you know that thing that way, you know, why 1760 01:27:41.840 --> 01:27:44.199 did the dinosaurs die out? Didn't have a space program? 1761 01:27:44.399 --> 01:27:48.439 That's right, you know, this makes the difference. Don't be 1762 01:27:48.600 --> 01:27:52.399 like the dinosaurs. The Parker Solar Probe is going to 1763 01:27:52.399 --> 01:27:55.920 make its closest pass on the Sun in on the 1764 01:27:56.319 --> 01:27:59.720 on Christmas Eve this year what solar probe the Parker 1765 01:27:59.720 --> 01:28:02.359 Solar pro So this is okay that this is a 1766 01:28:03.039 --> 01:28:05.880 exploratory vehicle for getting close to the Sun. It's the 1767 01:28:06.119 --> 01:28:08.640 it's the closest approach to the Sun we've ever done. 1768 01:28:08.960 --> 01:28:12.680 It's also the fastest moving spacecraft because you really have 1769 01:28:12.800 --> 01:28:16.159 to change your doubt ear vector to get closer to 1770 01:28:16.199 --> 01:28:16.520 the Sun. 1771 01:28:16.880 --> 01:28:18.760 Yeah, you got it. It's like it's like putting your 1772 01:28:18.800 --> 01:28:19.640 hand in a pizza oven. 1773 01:28:19.720 --> 01:28:20.399 Yeah, it's moving. 1774 01:28:20.520 --> 01:28:21.279 Only have so long. 1775 01:28:21.520 --> 01:28:24.760 Yeah, so it's uh, we'll we'll see what we learn. 1776 01:28:24.800 --> 01:28:26.399 We're learning more about the Sun all the time. We 1777 01:28:26.439 --> 01:28:30.079 had an interesting sun yere, right, I remember we Oh, yes, 1778 01:28:30.439 --> 01:28:32.880 so we were at the solar maximum. And so we've 1779 01:28:32.880 --> 01:28:34.760 had a couple of big coronal mash to charges and 1780 01:28:34.800 --> 01:28:37.439 so people have seen aurora that never thought they'd ever 1781 01:28:37.439 --> 01:28:38.039 see aurora. 1782 01:28:38.119 --> 01:28:41.199 I could not believe that I went to bed early 1783 01:28:41.359 --> 01:28:43.960 on the night that there were there was the aurora 1784 01:28:44.079 --> 01:28:46.960 in New London, Connecticut. Like I literally could have gotten 1785 01:28:46.960 --> 01:28:49.279 my car driven five minutes and seen it. 1786 01:28:49.399 --> 01:28:52.439 And we saw it here. We laid on the deck 1787 01:28:52.720 --> 01:28:56.479 looking straight up. It was over us. So jealous, but 1788 01:28:57.039 --> 01:28:59.760 apparently we're not done, like, oh no, there's going to 1789 01:28:59.800 --> 01:29:01.720 be more. Our events though, will be more, Yeah, without 1790 01:29:01.760 --> 01:29:04.399 a doubt. By the way, that shortened the lifespan of 1791 01:29:04.439 --> 01:29:05.800 a whole lot of starlink satellites. 1792 01:29:05.960 --> 01:29:07.319 Oh interesting. 1793 01:29:07.640 --> 01:29:10.560 So when CME show and these choral mass ejectionally show up, 1794 01:29:10.560 --> 01:29:14.439 they energize the atmosphere, and the atmosphere expands, and so 1795 01:29:14.479 --> 01:29:16.880 it increases the drag for low orthopities. It's also why 1796 01:29:17.439 --> 01:29:22.239 we lost Skylab when we did. Remember the original Skylab 1797 01:29:22.319 --> 01:29:26.119 was the original US space station, built out of an 1798 01:29:26.359 --> 01:29:29.359 upper stage of a Saturn five back in the seventies. 1799 01:29:28.880 --> 01:29:31.880 Seventy seven, seventy six, seventy. 1800 01:29:31.600 --> 01:29:34.319 Seven, something like that. Yeah, And the intent had been 1801 01:29:34.520 --> 01:29:38.399 to get back there with the Space Shuttle to save it, 1802 01:29:39.079 --> 01:29:40.960 but it re entered in seventy nine, and the Shuttle 1803 01:29:40.960 --> 01:29:42.000 didn't go up till eighty one. 1804 01:29:42.079 --> 01:29:42.479 I remember. 1805 01:29:42.680 --> 01:29:44.600 One of the reasons was there was a solar maximum 1806 01:29:44.640 --> 01:29:48.439 that expanded the atmosphere and increased the drag on skylabs. 1807 01:29:48.600 --> 01:29:49.199 They lost them. 1808 01:29:49.279 --> 01:29:52.800 So we had a blizzard here in Connecticut in nineteen 1809 01:29:52.840 --> 01:29:55.640 seventy eight, the Blizzard of seventy eight. It was a 1810 01:29:55.680 --> 01:29:59.079 big one, and I remember we had no school. There 1811 01:29:59.159 --> 01:30:01.079 was literally five feet of snow. 1812 01:30:01.239 --> 01:30:01.640 Wow. 1813 01:30:01.680 --> 01:30:05.199 And so my brother and our friends got together and 1814 01:30:05.239 --> 01:30:09.520 we built what we called Skylab, which was just this snow. 1815 01:30:10.279 --> 01:30:12.720 I don't know what to compare it to. It had 1816 01:30:12.760 --> 01:30:15.640 tunnels and they had places where snowballs could go down in. 1817 01:30:15.720 --> 01:30:19.159 It had compartments. I just remember this as a kid, 1818 01:30:19.239 --> 01:30:22.640 and it's great. When you said Skylab, it took me 1819 01:30:22.720 --> 01:30:24.520 right back to being a kid because that was in 1820 01:30:24.560 --> 01:30:25.319 the news. 1821 01:30:25.159 --> 01:30:26.680 And that was that was in the news then because 1822 01:30:26.680 --> 01:30:28.359 they were going to lose it. I think there was 1823 01:30:28.399 --> 01:30:31.119 nothing they could do about it. I was a huge 1824 01:30:31.159 --> 01:30:33.920 space station. If you go to Houston, there's a model 1825 01:30:33.920 --> 01:30:35.560 of it that you can walk around in full scale. 1826 01:30:35.600 --> 01:30:39.359 The test unit. Wow. One more mission to mention, and 1827 01:30:39.439 --> 01:30:44.359 that is ingenuity. This was the little helicopter on Mars. Okay, 1828 01:30:44.800 --> 01:30:47.199 so back at twenty one when the Perseverance land or 1829 01:30:47.279 --> 01:30:49.000 landed me on Mars, the last thing we've sent up 1830 01:30:49.000 --> 01:30:52.960 to Mars, and it had an experimental little guy. It's 1831 01:30:52.960 --> 01:30:55.399 like four pounds and little rover experiment. Can we make 1832 01:30:55.439 --> 01:30:59.000 something fly on Mars? The roaders have to move really fast, 1833 01:30:59.079 --> 01:31:01.880 is because the atmosphere pressure is extremely low. It was 1834 01:31:01.920 --> 01:31:04.239 only supposed to fly four test missions, but it worked 1835 01:31:04.359 --> 01:31:08.239 perfectly solar powered, so they just landed to recharge and 1836 01:31:08.279 --> 01:31:10.479 fly it again, and it basically could scout ahead of 1837 01:31:10.479 --> 01:31:13.880 the rover. It lasted three years. It flew seventy two missions. 1838 01:31:13.960 --> 01:31:16.800 Well, the rover lasted a lot longer. Whatever the opportunity, 1839 01:31:17.000 --> 01:31:18.680 a lot longer than they thought, a lot long enough. 1840 01:31:18.840 --> 01:31:21.760 And Perseverance will last many more years. It's radio thermal 1841 01:31:22.119 --> 01:31:26.880 is powered like it'll be great, brilliant. But in January 1842 01:31:26.960 --> 01:31:30.760 this year we lost Ingenuity to an accident caused by 1843 01:31:30.960 --> 01:31:34.119 confusion in its flight computer. They were flying ahead of 1844 01:31:34.199 --> 01:31:38.079 Perseverance over some really simple terrain and it uses an 1845 01:31:38.119 --> 01:31:41.279 optical reader to figure out its orientation, and the train 1846 01:31:41.439 --> 01:31:44.000 was so featureless it got confused as to where it was, 1847 01:31:44.880 --> 01:31:47.199 and so it tried to land and it landed moving 1848 01:31:47.239 --> 01:31:50.119 too quickly, and the rotors hit the ground, and some 1849 01:31:50.239 --> 01:31:54.319 jobscript programmer didn't do the right lamb to expression, and. 1850 01:31:54.800 --> 01:31:57.800 They fixed a bunch of problems in Ingenuity. Along the way, 1851 01:31:58.039 --> 01:32:00.239 they learned more about flying on Mars. Though. 1852 01:32:00.439 --> 01:32:04.079 Yeah, hey, by the way, I'm not disparaging JavaScript. It's 1853 01:32:04.119 --> 01:32:06.680 just an easy target. It's the language you love to 1854 01:32:06.720 --> 01:32:08.880 hate because we all have to use it. 1855 01:32:09.439 --> 01:32:12.039 All right, never mind, it's not you know that. Now 1856 01:32:12.039 --> 01:32:14.479 there's going to be more flyers on Mars withoutout a doubt. 1857 01:32:14.560 --> 01:32:18.520 There's a mission being developed called dragon Fly, which is 1858 01:32:18.560 --> 01:32:23.119 actually a flyer for Titan the Moon. Because the atmospheric 1859 01:32:23.119 --> 01:32:25.399 pressure on Titan is really high and the gravity is 1860 01:32:25.439 --> 01:32:29.199 really low, you could flap your arms with you know, 1861 01:32:29.279 --> 01:32:31.720 plastic wings on and fly there. I mean you freeze 1862 01:32:31.720 --> 01:32:34.119 to death because it's negative two hundred degrees there, but 1863 01:32:34.199 --> 01:32:36.199 you could fly yourself on Titan. 1864 01:32:36.479 --> 01:32:36.760 Wow. 1865 01:32:36.840 --> 01:32:38.600 They yeah, they're going to make a flyer for Titan 1866 01:32:38.600 --> 01:32:41.439 called Dragonfly. It's apparently going to fly in twenty twenty 1867 01:32:41.479 --> 01:32:44.960 eight on a Falulcon heavy. Wow. That's pretty good. All right. 1868 01:32:45.000 --> 01:32:49.920 So last last thing, Yeah, James Webb Space the same 1869 01:32:50.000 --> 01:32:52.079 we wrapped up last time with James Web. 1870 01:32:52.159 --> 01:32:56.399 Now, those who don't recall the history of dot Net 1871 01:32:56.479 --> 01:32:59.840 rocks with the James web telescope, we actually went there. Yeah, 1872 01:33:00.199 --> 01:33:03.800 it was launched. We met with the crew, and we 1873 01:33:04.239 --> 01:33:08.560 met with some of the people at NASA there that 1874 01:33:08.640 --> 01:33:10.560 and we got to see it, you know, in the 1875 01:33:10.600 --> 01:33:12.119 clean room in person. 1876 01:33:12.199 --> 01:33:13.720 They would have let us in the clean room, which 1877 01:33:13.720 --> 01:33:14.439 is no fun. 1878 01:33:14.239 --> 01:33:16.840 But no, but we got just you know, there's a 1879 01:33:17.000 --> 01:33:19.800 room with great big windows where you can look down 1880 01:33:19.840 --> 01:33:21.640 in the clean room and everybody's. 1881 01:33:21.359 --> 01:33:22.640 We saw James Webb in person. 1882 01:33:22.640 --> 01:33:23.199 It's true. 1883 01:33:23.680 --> 01:33:29.039 And that is where Richard ingratiated himself to the people 1884 01:33:29.079 --> 01:33:32.119 at NASA that called him back to talk to their 1885 01:33:32.439 --> 01:33:38.359 various organizations, because Richard knew a lot about what all 1886 01:33:38.399 --> 01:33:42.720 these different sections of NASA was doing, and they all 1887 01:33:42.960 --> 01:33:45.279 didn't really talk to each other all that much. Right, 1888 01:33:45.560 --> 01:33:47.840 They like the way I tell stories, So, oh, come on, 1889 01:33:47.920 --> 01:33:49.680 you are being so modest, my friend. 1890 01:33:49.880 --> 01:33:51.279 It was good. It was really a lot of fun. 1891 01:33:51.359 --> 01:33:52.520 It was really great fun. 1892 01:33:52.800 --> 01:33:57.039 So let's catch up on James web Flew Christmas Time 1893 01:33:57.079 --> 01:33:59.159 twenty twenty one. So it's been up there a few years. 1894 01:33:59.439 --> 01:34:04.119 In fact, they are currently taking their fourth cycle proposals, right, 1895 01:34:04.199 --> 01:34:06.560 so if you want to use James Web you basically 1896 01:34:06.600 --> 01:34:09.279 after there's every so often they make a propos they 1897 01:34:09.279 --> 01:34:12.079 may open up a window for proposals. That proposals window 1898 01:34:13.239 --> 01:34:17.840 just closed. There was a lot of proposals. A total 1899 01:34:17.840 --> 01:34:21.960 of seventy eight thousand hours of officeration time has been 1900 01:34:22.000 --> 01:34:26.319 requested for twenty twenty five. Considering there's only eight thousand, 1901 01:34:26.359 --> 01:34:28.680 seven hundred and sixty hours in a year and they've 1902 01:34:28.680 --> 01:34:30.760 asked for seventy eight thousand. That's a problem. 1903 01:34:30.880 --> 01:34:33.600 That's a little bit of a problem, a math problem, actually. 1904 01:34:33.439 --> 01:34:38.039 Yeah, but it's this is how popular this this spacecraft is, right, 1905 01:34:38.119 --> 01:34:42.239 I mean, it's teaching us amazing things. They're also taking 1906 01:34:42.279 --> 01:34:45.520 requests for a Hubble, but now they're starting to limit 1907 01:34:46.000 --> 01:34:48.840 the mission the uses of Hubble based on budget that 1908 01:34:48.880 --> 01:34:51.520 they can't afford to have as big a cro on 1909 01:34:51.560 --> 01:34:53.680 Hobble as it's getting so old. There's not enough money 1910 01:34:53.720 --> 01:34:55.720 to fully utilize Hubble even with its problems. 1911 01:34:55.800 --> 01:34:59.079 So Richard, I know that you probably subscribe to JWT 1912 01:34:59.319 --> 01:35:03.159 images that come down. What is the most fascinating picture 1913 01:35:03.239 --> 01:35:03.720 you've seen? 1914 01:35:03.880 --> 01:35:07.479 Well, there's so many things to talk about in that space, 1915 01:35:07.640 --> 01:35:10.399 like it has it made better images, but if you 1916 01:35:10.439 --> 01:35:12.760 had to pick one, I don't know, like the better 1917 01:35:12.800 --> 01:35:15.640 images of the of the horsehead Nebulam, Yeah, that have 1918 01:35:15.720 --> 01:35:18.960 so much depth they're unbelievable. But to me it's actually 1919 01:35:19.000 --> 01:35:21.720 the science that it's doing. Yeah. You know, we talked 1920 01:35:21.720 --> 01:35:25.560 about the crisis in cosmology last time, which is that 1921 01:35:25.600 --> 01:35:27.920 we have two different strategies for measuring the age of 1922 01:35:27.920 --> 01:35:30.720 the universe, and they're not the same and initiation, and 1923 01:35:30.720 --> 01:35:32.560 we thought James Web would bring this together, and then 1924 01:35:32.560 --> 01:35:34.119 for a while that it looked like it pulled it apart. 1925 01:35:35.279 --> 01:35:40.680 There's an image that shows an ancient, ancient galaxy like 1926 01:35:40.720 --> 01:35:43.479 in the first few hundred million years of the existence 1927 01:35:43.479 --> 01:35:46.560 of the universe. But because James Web was so sensitive, 1928 01:35:46.560 --> 01:35:49.239 they're actually able to get some of a spectrographic analysis 1929 01:35:49.239 --> 01:35:53.560 of it. And the galaxy is too big and too 1930 01:35:53.600 --> 01:35:58.560 developed for the model of our understanding of the universe. So, 1931 01:35:58.920 --> 01:36:01.760 you know, we thought that the universe would it came 1932 01:36:01.800 --> 01:36:05.560 into existence a particular way that as it expanded in 1933 01:36:05.600 --> 01:36:08.600 the inner and the temperature started to decrease, it started 1934 01:36:08.800 --> 01:36:11.800 forming up into galaxies, but those initial galaxies would be 1935 01:36:12.159 --> 01:36:17.199 short lived, very large hot stars. But the pictures don't 1936 01:36:17.239 --> 01:36:18.039 line up with this. 1937 01:36:18.640 --> 01:36:23.359 So it's really challenging our assumptions of how the universe 1938 01:36:23.720 --> 01:36:27.479 started and how it's we've actually reached, and how it's aged. 1939 01:36:27.520 --> 01:36:31.399 And we recently discovered that it's accelerating faster than we thought, right. 1940 01:36:31.239 --> 01:36:35.159 That it's at well a weird why is it accelerating 1941 01:36:35.359 --> 01:36:40.279 at all, and b why is it increasing the acceleration? Right, 1942 01:36:40.319 --> 01:36:42.439 there's a theory that's been bouncing around that's starting to 1943 01:36:42.439 --> 01:36:45.800 get a little bit more attraction now. And it's even weirder, 1944 01:36:45.960 --> 01:36:46.159 is it? 1945 01:36:46.199 --> 01:36:47.239 The dark matter theory? 1946 01:36:48.079 --> 01:36:51.039 So the dark matter theory exists because of general relativity. 1947 01:36:51.079 --> 01:36:54.880 We've pretty much proved that general relativity is correct, right, 1948 01:36:54.960 --> 01:36:58.960 that it explains how gravitation works, except that there's not 1949 01:36:59.319 --> 01:37:04.079 enough measureable matter for general relativity to make sense. The 1950 01:37:04.119 --> 01:37:07.920 galaxy should fly apart. You can't see enough matter to 1951 01:37:07.960 --> 01:37:11.159 make it make sense, and so dark matter was created 1952 01:37:11.600 --> 01:37:14.680 as the offset. Now it's not a little correction, it's 1953 01:37:14.680 --> 01:37:17.640 not like a couple percentage, it's like sixty percent. Yeah, 1954 01:37:17.760 --> 01:37:23.039 more than all that know matter? Right, And so one 1955 01:37:23.079 --> 01:37:25.520 of the theories that's been flying around is this idea 1956 01:37:25.680 --> 01:37:29.439 that black holes gain mass as. 1957 01:37:29.239 --> 01:37:32.119 They age, and that the oh that makes sense because 1958 01:37:32.159 --> 01:37:35.039 they're eating things, aren't they Well. 1959 01:37:34.920 --> 01:37:41.520 Generally speaking, they're not. Everything gets stuck in the accretion disk. 1960 01:37:42.079 --> 01:37:44.880 As the material starts to accelerate towards the speed of light, 1961 01:37:44.880 --> 01:37:47.039 it can never actually get there, so it gets hung 1962 01:37:47.079 --> 01:37:48.119 up in the accretion dish. 1963 01:37:48.640 --> 01:37:50.880 It doesn't the mass of a black hole increase because 1964 01:37:50.880 --> 01:37:54.079 it's I mean, something that is consuming more stuff and 1965 01:37:54.159 --> 01:37:58.199 packing it into denser and denser spaces would tend to 1966 01:37:58.359 --> 01:37:59.279 increase in mess. 1967 01:37:59.560 --> 01:38:02.279 It doesn't actually consume anything. They're all trapped in the 1968 01:38:02.279 --> 01:38:02.960 accretion disk. 1969 01:38:03.359 --> 01:38:05.800 I don't understand, but I guess I'm going to take 1970 01:38:05.800 --> 01:38:06.520 your word for it. 1971 01:38:06.600 --> 01:38:12.039 Yeah, it's complicated, and it's losing Hawking show that there's 1972 01:38:12.119 --> 01:38:16.520 hawking radiation, which is missions from the black hole. So 1973 01:38:16.600 --> 01:38:21.720 it should be losing mass. But they're thinking that as 1974 01:38:21.760 --> 01:38:24.319 you get to the older and older parts of the universe, 1975 01:38:24.399 --> 01:38:27.920 you're looking further and further away ten eleven, twelve billion 1976 01:38:28.000 --> 01:38:32.279 light years away. Those are some of the oldest bits 1977 01:38:32.319 --> 01:38:36.079 of matter in the universe, and so they've gained more 1978 01:38:36.119 --> 01:38:39.119 mass than anything else would. It's one way to address 1979 01:38:39.159 --> 01:38:42.920 the acceleration problem, but it might also address the mass problem. 1980 01:38:43.159 --> 01:38:44.600 See one of the issues you hear with the age 1981 01:38:44.640 --> 01:38:45.199 of the universe. 1982 01:38:45.359 --> 01:38:48.600 It's almost it's almost reverse of what we understand. 1983 01:38:48.800 --> 01:38:52.319 Yes, you would think as things got older they would lose, 1984 01:38:52.359 --> 01:38:55.279 but they don't seem to be. So that schis them 1985 01:38:55.279 --> 01:38:58.680 that crisis in cosmology because we use two different strategies right. 1986 01:38:58.800 --> 01:39:02.520 One is that we use local stars that we can 1987 01:39:02.600 --> 01:39:06.800 measure precisely, because that's what our telescopes can do to 1988 01:39:06.840 --> 01:39:08.520 calculate the age of the universe. And the other is 1989 01:39:08.520 --> 01:39:12.159 that we use these much older structures. And so the 1990 01:39:12.279 --> 01:39:15.960 argument now is that as the older structures are different 1991 01:39:15.960 --> 01:39:18.800 than what we think, that they've been aging in a 1992 01:39:18.840 --> 01:39:22.800 weird way, and so that an error creeps into general 1993 01:39:22.840 --> 01:39:26.079 relativity as we get into the older parts of the universe. Okay, 1994 01:39:26.439 --> 01:39:30.720 so it's helping us to change our understanding of gravitation. 1995 01:39:31.119 --> 01:39:32.880 With these observations from James Webb. 1996 01:39:34.720 --> 01:39:37.359 There were predictions from this, but they, you know, without 1997 01:39:37.399 --> 01:39:40.439 any evidence, it was hard to deal with. Going back 1998 01:39:40.439 --> 01:39:42.800 to the eighties, there were proposals for these kinds of things, 1999 01:39:43.119 --> 01:39:45.119 but back in the eighties you only had things like Hubble, 2000 01:39:45.560 --> 01:39:47.800 and Hubble couldn't see far enough back. Right, So we 2001 01:39:47.840 --> 01:39:49.840 finally have an instruance seeing far enough back that we 2002 01:39:50.000 --> 01:39:53.439 might be confirming some of these ideas. 2003 01:39:53.720 --> 01:39:57.039 You said, eleven twelve billion years, But how old do 2004 01:39:57.119 --> 01:40:00.039 they anticipate or how old do they believe? That the 2005 01:40:00.039 --> 01:40:00.840 Big Bang. 2006 01:40:00.800 --> 01:40:04.000 Is thirteen point eight all right, so it's it is 2007 01:40:04.119 --> 01:40:07.560 jwt able to see back that far, or is twelve 2008 01:40:07.600 --> 01:40:10.880 billion about the well closest that can get. No, we 2009 01:40:10.920 --> 01:40:13.840 get we get closer because there's a point at which 2010 01:40:13.960 --> 01:40:16.319 the universe existed for a while before we could actually 2011 01:40:16.359 --> 01:40:20.720 form anything like. These numbers get complicated and you know 2012 01:40:21.000 --> 01:40:24.640 we're in the error probability error zone here too. But yeah, 2013 01:40:25.319 --> 01:40:27.279 we're starting to see you back that far. 2014 01:40:27.439 --> 01:40:29.880 It's really just amazing. I mean, it's a time machine, 2015 01:40:30.439 --> 01:40:31.880 the JWT really. 2016 01:40:31.800 --> 01:40:34.920 That's that's its job. So there's yeah, there's an argument. 2017 01:40:35.000 --> 01:40:38.920 The jades GS, which is the oldest galaxy we've seen, 2018 01:40:40.279 --> 01:40:42.760 was formed two hundred and ninety million years after the 2019 01:40:42.760 --> 01:40:47.600 Big Bang. So thirteen point four thirteen point five billion, wow, 2020 01:40:47.640 --> 01:40:50.079 so that is way way back there. Like we have 2021 01:40:50.119 --> 01:40:53.840 an instrument now, we have a set of eyes that 2022 01:40:54.479 --> 01:40:55.960 is impossibly old. 2023 01:40:56.079 --> 01:41:00.399 Here's another thing, because the universe is expanding, is it 2024 01:41:00.439 --> 01:41:03.840 possible and we see something that old that it is 2025 01:41:04.039 --> 01:41:09.560 closer now? And then could you focus the telescope on 2026 01:41:09.640 --> 01:41:13.560 where you expect it to be now or after a 2027 01:41:13.560 --> 01:41:16.039 certain amount of period and be able to track it 2028 01:41:16.079 --> 01:41:16.640 through time. 2029 01:41:17.000 --> 01:41:18.960 Well, you're always looking back in time when you're looking 2030 01:41:18.960 --> 01:41:20.319 back to these things anyway. 2031 01:41:20.520 --> 01:41:22.840 Right, But the amount of time you look back depends 2032 01:41:22.880 --> 01:41:23.880 on how far you're looking. 2033 01:41:24.359 --> 01:41:26.600 But you're missing a key part to this, which is 2034 01:41:26.640 --> 01:41:29.000 that with the acceleration of the universe, it means there 2035 01:41:29.119 --> 01:41:32.359 is light that will never reach us. So we can't 2036 01:41:32.439 --> 01:41:35.439 see to the edge of universe because there's no edge. 2037 01:41:35.880 --> 01:41:38.960 Okay, but let's see the one that you the galaxy 2038 01:41:39.000 --> 01:41:43.399 that you just mentioned. Because we're looking that far back, right, 2039 01:41:44.000 --> 01:41:47.000 is it possible to focus the telescope on another part 2040 01:41:47.039 --> 01:41:50.159 of space where we think that galaxy may have traveled too, 2041 01:41:50.720 --> 01:41:55.520 because it's expanding, and actually see the same galaxy, but 2042 01:41:55.640 --> 01:41:58.319 because it's in a different time, it'll be different. 2043 01:41:58.359 --> 01:42:01.119 Well, we can't. We only see it in one place. 2044 01:42:01.439 --> 01:42:03.600 What will happen as time goes by is eventually we 2045 01:42:03.600 --> 01:42:05.640 won't see it at all as it gets past the 2046 01:42:05.720 --> 01:42:07.000 visual horizon for us. 2047 01:42:07.079 --> 01:42:09.000 But what about things that are coming towards us? 2048 01:42:09.359 --> 01:42:12.159 Nothing is everything's move expanding away from us. The universe 2049 01:42:12.199 --> 01:42:12.800 is getting. 2050 01:42:12.520 --> 01:42:15.359 Bigger, Everything is expanding away from everything else. 2051 01:42:15.720 --> 01:42:19.640 That's correct, Yeah, right, Other than in the local system, 2052 01:42:19.760 --> 01:42:20.760 nothing is getting closer. 2053 01:42:20.840 --> 01:42:22.319 I'm going to pour another glass of wine. 2054 01:42:23.359 --> 01:42:26.920 You're probably the right thing to do. Yeah. Yeah. When 2055 01:42:26.960 --> 01:42:29.039 it comes to the vast majority of the universe. From 2056 01:42:29.079 --> 01:42:31.960 any point in the universe looking out at the universe, 2057 01:42:32.039 --> 01:42:33.000 it is expanding away from it. 2058 01:42:33.079 --> 01:42:36.119 I just think of galaxies and as spirals, right, yes, 2059 01:42:36.399 --> 01:42:40.760 and those spirals are moving within themselves, and then the 2060 01:42:40.920 --> 01:42:45.800 entire spiral is moving away. However, and Rameda and the 2061 01:42:45.840 --> 01:42:49.600 Milky Way are moving toward each other, well, that's and 2062 01:42:49.640 --> 01:42:53.640 will collide. So that blows that theory that everything is 2063 01:42:53.680 --> 01:42:54.760 moving away from each other. 2064 01:42:55.000 --> 01:42:58.319 Well, only in the local system. Right as soon as 2065 01:42:58.359 --> 01:42:59.640 you get a little bit further away that as soon 2066 01:42:59.680 --> 01:43:01.520 as you get to the point where things are accelerating, 2067 01:43:01.640 --> 01:43:02.640 they're all moving away. 2068 01:43:03.000 --> 01:43:03.840 It's fascinating. 2069 01:43:04.000 --> 01:43:06.399 And they're getting you know, there's an argument that they're 2070 01:43:06.399 --> 01:43:09.319 getting faster than the speed of light that eventually the 2071 01:43:09.399 --> 01:43:12.159 light never reaches you, these things will start to wink out. 2072 01:43:12.239 --> 01:43:15.439 The calculations just are mind boggling. I just didn't I 2073 01:43:15.479 --> 01:43:19.399 didn't pay enough attention in class in college for that. 2074 01:43:19.439 --> 01:43:21.199 Well, and a lot of this is new science. It 2075 01:43:21.239 --> 01:43:23.239 wasn't in class. You know, when we were in class, 2076 01:43:23.279 --> 01:43:31.000 there were nine planets. Yeah, wow, there's more, but I'm 2077 01:43:31.000 --> 01:43:33.199 not going to do it. We've been doing almost more 2078 01:43:33.239 --> 01:43:34.079 than an hour and a half. 2079 01:43:34.159 --> 01:43:38.159 Okay, but you know, we should pick this up somewhere 2080 01:43:39.000 --> 01:43:42.079 on the twitters and on the Mastadons and on the 2081 01:43:42.119 --> 01:43:46.680 Blue Skies and maybe even on the facebooks. So I'm 2082 01:43:46.720 --> 01:43:49.279 sure people have questions, Richard, and I'm hoping that they 2083 01:43:49.319 --> 01:43:50.159 will last them well. 2084 01:43:50.159 --> 01:43:52.279 And if you write those comments, you write those comments, 2085 01:43:52.279 --> 01:43:53.159 I do answer them. 2086 01:43:53.319 --> 01:43:55.119 Yeah, very good, Thank you, Richard. 2087 01:43:55.199 --> 01:43:57.079 There you go, dude. Talk to you next week for 2088 01:43:57.239 --> 01:43:58.439 energy Energy. 2089 01:43:58.479 --> 01:44:00.920 It's going to be good, all right, free, It's time 2090 01:44:00.960 --> 01:44:03.800 for a nice whiskey for sure, and job love. Then, 2091 01:44:03.960 --> 01:44:05.680 thank you, all right, We'll see you next time on 2092 01:44:05.720 --> 01:44:28.399 dot nevrocks. Dot net Rocks is brought to you by 2093 01:44:28.520 --> 01:44:33.199 Franklin's Net and produced by Pop Studios, a full service audio, 2094 01:44:33.279 --> 01:44:37.760 video and post production facility located physically in New London, Connecticut, 2095 01:44:38.000 --> 01:44:42.800 and of course in the cloud online at pwop dot com. 2096 01:44:43.000 --> 01:44:45.119 Visit our website at d O T N E t 2097 01:44:45.359 --> 01:44:49.359 R O c k S dot com for RSS feeds, downloads, 2098 01:44:49.520 --> 01:44:53.199 mobile apps, comments, and access to the full archives going 2099 01:44:53.239 --> 01:44:56.640 back to show number one, recorded in September two thousand 2100 01:44:56.640 --> 01:44:59.319 and two. And make sure you check out our sponsors. 2101 01:44:59.439 --> 01:45:02.279 They keep us in business. Now go write some code. 2102 01:45:02.840 --> 01:45:05.439 See you next time you got tread. 2103 01:45:05.279 --> 01:45:12.560 Middle, Vans Dow, the mcc summons home. 2104 01:45:13.039 --> 01:45:15.319 Then my Texes lie red