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<v Speaker 1>Chapter nine of the Art of War. This is a

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<v Speaker 1>Liberyvox recording. All Liberyvox recordings are in the public domain.

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<v Speaker 1>For more information or to volunteer, please visit Liberyvoux door Dog.

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<v Speaker 1>The Arts of War by Swindzer, Chapter nine, The Army

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<v Speaker 1>on the March one, Suinzer said, we come now to

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<v Speaker 1>the question of encamping the army and observing signs of

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<v Speaker 1>the enemy. Pass quickly over mountains and keep in the

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<v Speaker 1>neighborhood of valleys. Two camp in high places facing the sun.

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<v Speaker 1>Do not climb heights in order to fight. So much

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<v Speaker 1>for mountain warfare. Three. After crossing the river, you should

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<v Speaker 1>get far away from it. Four. When an invading force

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<v Speaker 1>crosses a river in its onward march, do not advance

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<v Speaker 1>to meet it in midstream. It will be best to

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<v Speaker 1>let half the army get across and then deliver your attack. Five.

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<v Speaker 1>If you are anxious to fight, you should not go

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<v Speaker 1>to meet the invader near a river which he has

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<v Speaker 1>to cross. Six. More your craft higher up than the enemy,

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<v Speaker 1>and facing the sun, do not move upstream to meet

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<v Speaker 1>the enemy. So much for river warfare. Seven. In crossing

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<v Speaker 1>salt marshes, your sole concern should be to get over

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<v Speaker 1>them quickly without any delay. Eight. If fours to fight

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<v Speaker 1>in a salt marsh, you should have water and grass

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<v Speaker 1>near you, and get your back to a clump of trees.

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<v Speaker 1>So much for operations in salt marshes. Nine. In dry

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<v Speaker 1>level country, take up an easily accessible position with rising

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<v Speaker 1>ground to your right and on your rear, so that

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<v Speaker 1>the danger may be in front and safety lie behind.

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<v Speaker 1>So much for campaigning in flat country. Ten. These are

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<v Speaker 1>the four useful branches of military knowledge which enable the

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<v Speaker 1>Yellow Emperor to vanquish four several sovereigns. Eleven. All armies

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<v Speaker 1>prefer high ground to low, and sunny places to dark. Twelve.

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<v Speaker 1>If you are careful of your men and camp on

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<v Speaker 1>hard ground, the army will be free from disease of

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<v Speaker 1>every kind, and this will spell victory. Thirteen. When you

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<v Speaker 1>come to a hill or a bank, occupy the sunny

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<v Speaker 1>side with the slope on your right rear. Thus you

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<v Speaker 1>will at once act for the benefit of your soldiers

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<v Speaker 1>and utilize the natural advantages of the ground. Fourteen. When,

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<v Speaker 1>in consequence of heavy rains up country, a river which

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<v Speaker 1>you wish to ford is swollen and flegged with foam,

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<v Speaker 1>you must wait until it subsides. Fifteen. Country in which

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<v Speaker 1>there are precipitous cliffs with torrents running between deep natural hollows,

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<v Speaker 1>confined places, tangled thickets, quad mires, and and crevasses should

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<v Speaker 1>be left with all possible speed and not approached. Sixteen.

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<v Speaker 1>While we keep away from such places, we should get

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<v Speaker 1>the enemy to approach them. While we face them, we

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<v Speaker 1>should let the enemy have them on his rear. Seventeen.

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<v Speaker 1>If in the neighborhood of your camp there should be

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<v Speaker 1>any hilly country, ponds surrounded by aquatic grass, hollow basins

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<v Speaker 1>filled with reeds, or woods with thick undergrowth, they must

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<v Speaker 1>be carefully rooted out and searched. For these are places

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<v Speaker 1>when men in ambush or insidious spies are likely to

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<v Speaker 1>be lurking. Eighteen. When the enemy is close at hand

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<v Speaker 1>and remains quiet, he is relying on the natural strain

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<v Speaker 1>length of his position. Nineteen. When he keeps aloof and

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<v Speaker 1>tries to provoke a battle, he is anxious for the

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<v Speaker 1>other side to advance. Twenty. If his place of encampment

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<v Speaker 1>is easy of access, he is tendering a bait. Twenty

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<v Speaker 1>One movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that

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<v Speaker 1>the enemy is advancing. The appearance of a number of

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<v Speaker 1>screens in the midst of thick grass means that the

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<v Speaker 1>enemy wants to make us suspicious. Twenty two. The rising

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<v Speaker 1>of birds in the flight is the sign of an ambuscade.

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<v Speaker 1>Startled beasts indicate that a sudden attack is coming. Twenty three.

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<v Speaker 1>When there is dust rising in the high column, it

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<v Speaker 1>is the sign of chariots advancing. When the dust is

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<v Speaker 1>low but spread over a wide area, it betokens the

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<v Speaker 1>approach of infantry. When it branches out in different directions,

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<v Speaker 1>it shows that parties have been sent to collect firewood.

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<v Speaker 1>A few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify

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<v Speaker 1>that the army is encamping. Twenty four. Humble words and

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<v Speaker 1>increased preparations are signs that the enemy is about to advance.

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<v Speaker 1>Violent language and driving forward as if to the attack

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<v Speaker 1>are signs that he will retreat. Twenty five. When the

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<v Speaker 1>like chariots come out first and take up a position

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<v Speaker 1>on the wings, it is a sign that the enemy

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<v Speaker 1>is forming for battle. Twenty six. Peace proposals unaccompanied by

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<v Speaker 1>a sworn covenant indicate a plot. Twenty seven. When there

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<v Speaker 1>is much running about and the soldiers fall into rank,

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<v Speaker 1>it means that the critical moment has come. Twenty eight.

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<v Speaker 1>When some are seen advancing and some retreating, it is

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<v Speaker 1>a lure. Twenty nine. When the soldiers stand leaning on

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<v Speaker 1>their spears, they are feint from want of food. Thirty

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<v Speaker 1>If those who are sent to draw water begin by

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<v Speaker 1>drinking themselves, the army is suffering from thirst. Thirty one.

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<v Speaker 1>If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and

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<v Speaker 1>makes no effort to secure it, the soldiers are exhausted.

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<v Speaker 1>Thirty two. If birds gather on any spot it is

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<v Speaker 1>unoccupied clamor by night, betokens nervousness. Thirty three. If there

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<v Speaker 1>is disturbance in the camp, the general's authority is weak.

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<v Speaker 1>If the banners and flags are shifted about, sedition is afoot.

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<v Speaker 1>If the officers are angry, it means that the men

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<v Speaker 1>are weary. Thirty four. When an army feeds its horses

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<v Speaker 1>with grain and kills its cattle for food, and when

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<v Speaker 1>the men do not hang the cooking pots over the

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<v Speaker 1>camp fires, showing that they will not return to their tents,

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<v Speaker 1>you may know that they are determined to fight to

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<v Speaker 1>the death. Thirty five. The sight of men whispering together

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<v Speaker 1>in small knots, or speaking in subdued tones points to

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<v Speaker 1>disaffection amongst the rank and file. Thirty six. Two frequent

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<v Speaker 1>rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of

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<v Speaker 1>his resources. Too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress.

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<v Speaker 1>Thirty seven. To begin by bluster, but afterwards to take

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<v Speaker 1>fright at the enemy's numbers shows a supreme lack of intelligence.

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<v Speaker 1>Thirty eight. When envoys as scent with compliments in their mouths,

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<v Speaker 1>it is a sign that the enemy wishes for a truce.

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<v Speaker 1>Thirty nine. If the enemy's troops march up angrily and

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<v Speaker 1>remain facing ours for a long time without either joining

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<v Speaker 1>battle or taking themselves off again, the situation is one

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<v Speaker 1>that demands great vigilance and circumspection. Forty If our troops

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<v Speaker 1>are no more in number than the enemy that is

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<v Speaker 1>amply sufficient, it only means that no direct attack can

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<v Speaker 1>be made. What we can do is simply to concentrate

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<v Speaker 1>all our available strength, keep a close watch on the enemy,

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<v Speaker 1>and obtain reinforcements. Forty one. He who exercises no forethought

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<v Speaker 1>but makes light of his opponents is sure to be

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<v Speaker 1>captured by them. Forty two. If soldiers are punished before

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<v Speaker 1>they have grown attached to you, they will not prove submissive,

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<v Speaker 1>and unless submissive, then will be practically useless. If when

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<v Speaker 1>the soldiers have become attached to you, punishments are not enforced,

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<v Speaker 1>they will still be useless. Forty three. Therefore, soldiers must

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<v Speaker 1>be treated in the first instance with humanity, but kept

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<v Speaker 1>under control by means of iron discipline. This is a

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<v Speaker 1>certain road to victory. Forty four. If in training soldiers

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<v Speaker 1>commands are habitually enforced, the army will be well disciplined.

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<v Speaker 1>If not, its discipline will be bad. Forty five. If

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<v Speaker 1>a general shows confidence in his men but always insists

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<v Speaker 1>on his orders being obeyed, the gain will be mutual.

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<v Speaker 1>End of Chapter nine