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<v Speaker 1>Today we welcome one of America's space heroes, Senator and

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<v Speaker 1>astronaut John Glenn, to discuss the wonders of Space Day.

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to the program, Senator.

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<v Speaker 2>Glennay, thank you much, glad to be with you today.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, it's a privilege in a very high honor today.

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<v Speaker 2>Don't have to I apologize in the start my voice

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<v Speaker 2>sounds like Kermit the Frog today. I think we got

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<v Speaker 2>too much pollen here in Washington at the moment.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, I think you're a busy man today, and we

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<v Speaker 1>appreciate again your time spent on this wonderful subject. Senator,

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<v Speaker 1>if I may start off the program today, what in

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<v Speaker 1>your mind is the significance of Space Day.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, the main thing is too you know, the kids

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<v Speaker 2>have all grown up these days with star trek and

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<v Speaker 2>interest in space, and they've never known a time when

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<v Speaker 2>space wasn't there, and a lot of them are interested

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<v Speaker 2>in this. And one of the things that we really need,

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<v Speaker 2>of course, is a lot of emphasis on math and

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<v Speaker 2>science these days. We've been in effect in some respects,

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<v Speaker 2>we're getting behind the rest of the world in our

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<v Speaker 2>elementary and high schools in math and science, and we

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<v Speaker 2>need to pep that up. Or it doesn't look good

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<v Speaker 2>for the United States for the long term future. And

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<v Speaker 2>so this is a way of creating some interest here.

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<v Speaker 2>And what Space Day does as a focal point is

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<v Speaker 2>bring a lot of kids in with the projects they've

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<v Speaker 2>had in schools and their teachers in areas of space,

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<v Speaker 2>in areas of space travel or travel within our own atmosphere,

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<v Speaker 2>or also using other sources of power to sustain flight.

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<v Speaker 2>And they've had projects in those three areas this year,

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<v Speaker 2>and the kids came in and received their awards and

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<v Speaker 2>recognition here today. So it's a way of taking this

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<v Speaker 2>day and focusing on math and science and space and

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<v Speaker 2>creating what I think is a good environment for these

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<v Speaker 2>kids for the future.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, that's awesome encouragement, Senator, And continuing on with that theme,

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<v Speaker 1>I would like to ask you this, what can parents

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<v Speaker 1>and children do to actually get involved together in this

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<v Speaker 1>wonderful event called Space Day.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I think the main thing is to discuss it

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<v Speaker 2>with your kids. If you're a parent, talk to your

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<v Speaker 2>kids about it and let them know that you're interested

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<v Speaker 2>in You're interested in their knowledge of math and science.

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<v Speaker 2>That's going to be a big factor in the future.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, much of the the every bit of progress

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<v Speaker 2>that's been made since the since human race has been around,

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<v Speaker 2>has been made because somebody was curious about how to

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<v Speaker 2>do things differently, or how can we learn something new

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<v Speaker 2>that will alterer the future. And if we can encourage

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<v Speaker 2>our kids to be that, to have that same kind

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<v Speaker 2>of curiosity that the Wright brothers had, or that the

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<v Speaker 2>astronauts sort of look at now with all the research

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<v Speaker 2>they're doing, or the the focal point of some of

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<v Speaker 2>that now, then that's good for the kids for the future.

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<v Speaker 2>And the more they can be inquisitive, curious people as

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<v Speaker 2>they grow up, the better off we are.

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<v Speaker 1>Senator, what areas of the educational corriculum do you feel

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<v Speaker 1>as important that is for students to concentrate on if

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<v Speaker 1>they'd like to become scientists and astronauts.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, obviously, the math is at the base of all

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<v Speaker 2>most science, and not all of it, of course, or

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<v Speaker 2>theories come out, and you don't need a math to

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<v Speaker 2>be knowledgeable in science, but to really advance science and

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<v Speaker 2>really be a researcher, you need a good bay math.

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<v Speaker 2>And we got to get away from this old idea

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<v Speaker 2>too that girls can't learn math. Just as an example,

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<v Speaker 2>I get a big kick out of that one, because

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<v Speaker 2>some of the sharpest mathematicians I've known were women, and

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<v Speaker 2>too many of the girls want to turn off when

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<v Speaker 2>it comes to science, and yet they make some of

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<v Speaker 2>the best scientists if they get the training.

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<v Speaker 1>I would agree with you, shifting gears. As we move

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<v Speaker 1>to the future of the American Space Program and the

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<v Speaker 1>International Space Program, what would you say as far as

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<v Speaker 1>a manned mission to the planet Mars. First of all,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm sure you would love to be a part of that.

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<v Speaker 1>But when do you feel simply we as mankind may

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<v Speaker 1>be actually landing on the surface of Mars.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, you know, this may surprise you a little because

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<v Speaker 2>I don't think of Mars landing is in the offing

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<v Speaker 2>for some time. We have a lot yet to learn

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<v Speaker 2>before we go to Mars. Right now, with the current technology,

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<v Speaker 2>we could go to Mars, but it would be a

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<v Speaker 2>trip of about eight to eight and a half months,

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<v Speaker 2>probably one way, same time coming back. It's a long

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<v Speaker 2>ways out there, and what time you spend out there

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<v Speaker 2>two or three months or four months, it means that

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<v Speaker 2>you're dedicating about it two year, taking about a two

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<v Speaker 2>year time period to make the whole trip or close

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<v Speaker 2>to it now we don't have that kind of experience

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<v Speaker 2>in space yet, in neither the systems in space to

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<v Speaker 2>last that long, are the supplies to take along that

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<v Speaker 2>would last for a two year period, nor the just

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<v Speaker 2>the experience with the human body in space for that

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<v Speaker 2>lengthy period of time, and we need to do more

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<v Speaker 2>of that. That brings back to the important before we

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<v Speaker 2>can go to Mars. I think we need to get

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<v Speaker 2>some of that kind of experience on the International Space Station,

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<v Speaker 2>and it brings up the importance and of the work

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<v Speaker 2>that Admiral Gaman is doing now trying to get the

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<v Speaker 2>Space Shuttle going again, because that's how we then take

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<v Speaker 2>up the last parts of constructive construction material to complete

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<v Speaker 2>the space station and then get on with the research

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<v Speaker 2>on that to continue. Not just limited to the two

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<v Speaker 2>week time period that is possible on the Shuttle, but

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<v Speaker 2>now we can do research on continuing basis over a

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<v Speaker 2>longer period of time, and that's where we really start

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<v Speaker 2>learning much more and get the kind of ex experience

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<v Speaker 2>that will enable us in some day later to go

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<v Speaker 2>to Mars.

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<v Speaker 1>I think Senator doctor Sky of course covers the realms

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<v Speaker 1>of astronomy, space, aviation, and weather as a NASA JPL

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<v Speaker 1>Ambassador for Education, and I'm proud of that title, but

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<v Speaker 1>certainly a man of your stature and experience, many questions

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<v Speaker 1>come up in this particular question. Take us back to

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<v Speaker 1>February twentieth, nineteen sixty two, as you became, of course,

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<v Speaker 1>the first American to successfully orbit the Earth. In return,

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<v Speaker 1>tell us briefly what was that experience like, Because on

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<v Speaker 1>this program, I've also had the honor of speaking with

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<v Speaker 1>Wally Schira, one of your early i'm sure astronaut partners,

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<v Speaker 1>as one of the original Mercury seven astronauts. Tell us

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<v Speaker 1>your experience on that date as you were to be

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<v Speaker 1>launched into space and that whole historical event.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, back in those days, you know, we hadn't orbited yet.

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<v Speaker 2>I did the first orbital flight for this country, and

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<v Speaker 2>so there were lots of things we did not know,

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<v Speaker 2>and some, for instance, some of the doctors at that time, well,

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<v Speaker 2>we didn't know what would happen to the human body

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<v Speaker 2>in space, what the reactions would be. And there were

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<v Speaker 2>some doctors at that time addicted that your eyes, for instance,

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<v Speaker 2>would change shape when you're in space for several hours,

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<v Speaker 2>your eyes would no longer need to be supported by

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<v Speaker 2>the structure under the eye, and your eyes are sort

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<v Speaker 2>of malleable, flexible material, and your eyes might change shape

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<v Speaker 2>and your vision would change. And so I actually had

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<v Speaker 2>a little vision chart on the top of the instrument

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<v Speaker 2>panel I was to read every twenty minutes during flight,

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<v Speaker 2>and if my vision was going bad, we even had

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<v Speaker 2>emergency procedure of re entry to get back in. Now

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<v Speaker 2>that turned out to be a non problem, and eyes

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<v Speaker 2>did not change in shape in space. Another one was

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<v Speaker 2>they were afraid they thought that maybe some of the

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<v Speaker 2>fluid in the inner ear, when it might more randomly

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<v Speaker 2>move about in zero G than it does here on

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<v Speaker 2>Earth in a one G environment, that that might cause

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<v Speaker 2>nausea and vertigo to the point where you wouldn't be

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<v Speaker 2>able to function. And so things like that were the

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<v Speaker 2>things that we were trying to determine back in those days.

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<v Speaker 2>Now what's happened through the years. Of course, before I

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<v Speaker 2>went up a second time in nineteen ninety eight, we'd

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<v Speaker 2>had one hundred and thirty some manned flights, and the

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<v Speaker 2>emphasis of the whole program it shifted not to just

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<v Speaker 2>whether we could do it or not, but it shifted

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<v Speaker 2>to research, basic fundamental research up there, and we had

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<v Speaker 2>on the flight in ninety eight, we had eighty three

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<v Speaker 2>different research projects on that one flight, and on Columbia

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<v Speaker 2>it had ninety research areas on that particular flight. So

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<v Speaker 2>the whole emphasis of the program has shifted, and of

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<v Speaker 2>course we had a lot more experience, and so we

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<v Speaker 2>knew a lot more about launching and effects of the

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<v Speaker 2>human body and that the purpose so has changed from

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<v Speaker 2>just the question of whether we can do this or not.

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<v Speaker 2>The emphasis now is on basic fundamental research that benefits

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<v Speaker 2>Let me emphasize this, that benefits everybody right here on Earth.

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<v Speaker 2>It's not just to make new systems for going deeper

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<v Speaker 2>into space. We do experiments with biology and plants grow

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<v Speaker 2>plant growth that's different up there, and metallurgical studies alloys

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<v Speaker 2>left to melt and harden in space come out with

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<v Speaker 2>a different molecular alignment and different potential uses than anything

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<v Speaker 2>we can do here on Earth. And cancer studies and

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<v Speaker 2>just a whole host of things that are a benefit

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<v Speaker 2>here on Earth. And that's what I like to stress

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<v Speaker 2>about the importance of this research. It's for benefit of

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<v Speaker 2>everybody right here.

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<v Speaker 1>Senator. A final comment or so, as we close this

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<v Speaker 1>rather short interview, but we certainly appreciate your time again

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<v Speaker 1>talking to us about the wonders and values of space

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<v Speaker 1>day in this international celebration to the sky. You've always

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<v Speaker 1>been a hero of mine. As a young boy growing

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<v Speaker 1>up in the early nineteen sixties, I remember vividly reading

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<v Speaker 1>everything I could about your missions to space. So briefly,

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<v Speaker 1>if you can tell us who have the people that

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<v Speaker 1>you looked at in the world, Who would you consider

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<v Speaker 1>to be a hero or two of yours when you

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<v Speaker 1>were growing up to go to space?

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, you know, no one person. I never had any one.

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<v Speaker 2>There were different traits I admired in different people, I guess,

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<v Speaker 2>and I still feel that way today. Back in those days,

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<v Speaker 2>I looked at Lindbergh and I thought, Gee, he really

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<v Speaker 2>stuck to this, and I thought that was great. I

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<v Speaker 2>hoped that I could fly sometime. I didn't. We didn't

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<v Speaker 2>have much money when I was a kid, and I

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<v Speaker 2>didn't know that I'd ever be able to fly myself.

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<v Speaker 2>But that was able to later on. You look at

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<v Speaker 2>people of the past, of Lincoln and people like that,

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<v Speaker 2>who for a particular reason you admired very much. And

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<v Speaker 2>then I had a person that sort of altered my

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<v Speaker 2>life was one of my high school teachers who wasn't

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<v Speaker 2>in the science area. As a matter of fact, he

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<v Speaker 2>used to teach a course called Civics, which was a

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<v Speaker 2>study of government in the politics, and he just made

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<v Speaker 2>it come alive. He was such a great teacher and

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<v Speaker 2>I used to look forward to his classes. Now that

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<v Speaker 2>came my interest in government and politics that I got

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<v Speaker 2>into later in life. And so there were different people

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<v Speaker 2>have different characteristics or affected us differently at different times

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<v Speaker 2>in my life. I admire those people. I can think

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<v Speaker 2>of different teachers and my dad of course, and people

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<v Speaker 2>like that whom I admired for different reasons. So I've

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<v Speaker 2>never had any one person as a role model. I

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<v Speaker 2>said that I want to grow up and be just

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<v Speaker 2>like X, whoever that person might be.

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<v Speaker 1>So do I do some volunteer work as many people

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<v Speaker 1>do around the country with the Boy Scouts of America.

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<v Speaker 1>And if I'm correct, you yourself come from the very interesting,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, hall of fame with the Boy Scouts. Tell

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<v Speaker 1>us briefly a little story about the Scouting and its

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<v Speaker 1>value here in America.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, you know, I like the Scouting movement, like it

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<v Speaker 2>very much. And one reason I like it is that.

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<v Speaker 2>I think it puts responsibility where it should be. You

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<v Speaker 2>know that Scout oath. Incidentally, this is a mistake that

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<v Speaker 2>I was a Scout. I was never a Scout.

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<v Speaker 1>I didn't know that.

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<v Speaker 2>I think I was.

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<v Speaker 1>I always thought you were.

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<v Speaker 2>No. My son was an Eagle Scout later on. But

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<v Speaker 2>when I was growing up, we didn't have a Scout

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<v Speaker 2>troop in New Concord, a little town where I grew up,

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<v Speaker 2>and we wanted something like that, and so a bunch

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<v Speaker 2>of kids we got the other ourselves and formed a

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<v Speaker 2>little group. But we called the Ohio Rangers, and we

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<v Speaker 2>used the Boy Scout Handbook, and we passed all the

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<v Speaker 2>same merit badge tests and all that and went through

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<v Speaker 2>all the same kinds of things. But we were not

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<v Speaker 2>officially members of the Scouts. So we had an organization

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<v Speaker 2>that we had formed as ourselves that did the same thing.

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<v Speaker 2>But one of the reasons I admire the Scouts so much,

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<v Speaker 2>and I've supported Scouting very much, and some years ago

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<v Speaker 2>the Scouting people awarded me the Silver Buffalo, which I

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<v Speaker 2>think is the highest honor they can give in Scouting,

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<v Speaker 2>because of my support for some of their activities. I'm

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<v Speaker 2>very proud of that. But what I like about Scouting

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<v Speaker 2>is it puts the responsibility where it should be. You

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<v Speaker 2>know that Scout oath is on my honor, I will

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<v Speaker 2>do my best to do my duty, and so on

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<v Speaker 2>on through the whole thing. Everything is not we and

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<v Speaker 2>you and the group and so on. It's my responsibility

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<v Speaker 2>to take responsible for my own activities and Scouting teas

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<v Speaker 2>in the Scout oath, and I think is one of

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<v Speaker 2>the most productive things a kid can learn that they

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<v Speaker 2>can't put it off to somebody else. They're on their

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<v Speaker 2>own and they'll take responsibility for that. And Scouting also

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<v Speaker 2>it puts the kids. You know, you don't have to

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<v Speaker 2>be a nerd, a bookworm, you don't have to be

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<v Speaker 2>an athlete, you can be anything. But you're in there

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<v Speaker 2>with a bunch of kids who are all these different things,

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<v Speaker 2>and yet you're having to work together on merit badges

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<v Speaker 2>and projects. Where you work together no matter what your

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<v Speaker 2>background is and what your current interests are, it broadens

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<v Speaker 2>your interest It's like you're doing research on yourself to

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<v Speaker 2>find out what your own interests are. So I've always

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<v Speaker 2>supported the Scouts because of that. I think it's a

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<v Speaker 2>good program.

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<v Speaker 1>Senator Finally, any other further closing comments on the encouragement

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<v Speaker 1>for students regarding Space Day, well.

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<v Speaker 2>No, I think the lesson we try and get across

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<v Speaker 2>in Space Day, if you can call it a lesson,

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<v Speaker 2>is that we try and pique the kid's interest or

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<v Speaker 2>use Space Day as a day of emphasis, letting the

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<v Speaker 2>kids know how important it is that they keep their

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<v Speaker 2>interests in math and science, because that's going to do

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<v Speaker 2>much of what advancing this country is going to be

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<v Speaker 2>into the future, and in fact, what the world's going

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<v Speaker 2>to be in the future. As people try and keep

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<v Speaker 2>that same curiosity that some of the people we admire

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<v Speaker 2>in the past, like the Right Brothers and people like

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<v Speaker 2>that that we're celebrating their flight this year, their one

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<v Speaker 2>hundredth anniversary of their flight. People like that. We try

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<v Speaker 2>and keep the interests of the curiosity of the kids

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<v Speaker 2>now to that same high degree so that these people

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<v Speaker 2>will make their own contributions to our society into the

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<v Speaker 2>world in their own time. And some of these kids

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<v Speaker 2>today that come in with projects that they've been given

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<v Speaker 2>awards for that we gave them awards for this morning.

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<v Speaker 2>It's amazing. These kids are just doing stuff that is outstanding.

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<v Speaker 2>And if we can just keep that kind of curiosity going.

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<v Speaker 2>That's a great benefit to this country into the world.

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<v Speaker 1>No, Senator, I want to thank you very much for

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<v Speaker 1>making a personal dream of mind come true and many

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<v Speaker 1>others listening to this particular program. I salute your service

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<v Speaker 1>to this country, sir, in both the areas as an

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<v Speaker 1>astronaut and also as a United States senator. Thank you

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<v Speaker 1>very much for your time.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, thank you appreciate it. Thank you much.

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<v Speaker 1>Thank you, sir. This is Steve Kats. Thank you. This

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<v Speaker 1>is Steve Kates, Doctor Sky including another interesting edition of

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<v Speaker 1>teen Talknetworks dot COM's The Doctor Sky Show and also

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<v Speaker 1>heard here live on news Talk ten ten