Speaker 1: Welcome to the I Can't Sleep Podcast or I Help
Speaker 1: You Drift off one fact at a time. I'm your host,
Speaker 1: Benjamin Boster, and today's episode is about cookies. A cookie
Speaker 1: is a sweet biscuit with high sugar and fat content.
Speaker 1: Cookie dough is softer than that used for other types
Speaker 1: of biscuit, and they are cooked longer at lower temperatures.
Speaker 1: The dough typically contains flour, sugar, egg, and some type
Speaker 1: of oil or fat. It may include other ingredients such
Speaker 1: as raisins, oats, chocolate, chips, or nuts. Cookie texture varies
Speaker 1: from chris been crunchy to soft and chewy, depending on
Speaker 1: the exact combination of ingredients and methods used to create them.
Speaker 1: People in the United States in Canada typically refer to
Speaker 1: all sweet biscuits as cookies. People in most other English
Speaker 1: speaking countries call crunchy cookies biscuits, but may use the
Speaker 1: term cookies for chewier biscuits and for certain types such
Speaker 1: as chocolate chip cookies. Cookies are often served with beverages
Speaker 1: such as milk, coffee, or tea, and are sometimes dunked,
Speaker 1: which releases more flavor by dissolving the sugars while also
Speaker 1: softening their texture. Factory made cookies are sold in grocery stores,
Speaker 1: convenience stores, and venue machines. Fresh baked cookies are sold
Speaker 1: at bakeries in coffeehouses. In many English speaking countries outside
Speaker 1: North America, including the United Kingdom, the most common word
Speaker 1: for a crisp cookie is biscuit, where biscuit is the
Speaker 1: most common term. Cookie often only refers to one type
Speaker 1: of biscuit, a chocolate chip cookie. However, in some regions
Speaker 1: both terms are used. The container used as store cookies
Speaker 1: may be called a cookie jar. In Scotland, the term
Speaker 1: cookie is sometimes times used to describe a plain bun.
Speaker 1: Cookies that are baked as a solid layer on a
Speaker 1: sheet pan and then cut, rather than being baked as
Speaker 1: individual pieces, are called bar cookies in American English, or
Speaker 1: tray bakes in British English. The word cookie dates from
Speaker 1: at least seventeen oh one in Scottish usage, where the
Speaker 1: word meant plain bun rather than thin baked good, and
Speaker 1: so it is not certain whether it is the same
Speaker 1: word From eighteen oh eight. The word cookie is attested
Speaker 1: in the sense of small, flat sweetcake in American English.
Speaker 1: The American use is derived from Dutch cookia little cake,
Speaker 1: which is a diminutive of cake, which came from the
Speaker 1: Middle Dutch word coca, with an informal dialect variant cookie.
Speaker 1: According to the Scottish National Dictionary, its Scottish name may
Speaker 1: derive from the diminutive form plus suffix i e of
Speaker 1: the word cook. There was much trade and cultural contact
Speaker 1: across the North Sea between the Low Countries and Scotland
Speaker 1: during the Middle Ages, which can also be seen in
Speaker 1: the history of curling and perhaps golf. Cookies are most
Speaker 1: commonly baked until crisp or belds for just long enough
Speaker 1: to ensure a soft interior. Some types of cookies are
Speaker 1: not baked at all, such as varieties of peanut butter
Speaker 1: cookies that use solidified chocolate rather than set eggs and
Speaker 1: wheat gluten as a binder. Cookies are produced in a
Speaker 1: wide variety of styles, using an array of ingredients, including sugars, spices, chocolate, butter, peanut, butter, nuts,
Speaker 1: or dried fruits. Cookie like hard wafers have existed for
Speaker 1: as long as baking has been documented, in part because
Speaker 1: they survived travel very well, but they were usually not
Speaker 1: sweet enough to be considered cookies by modern standards. Cookies
Speaker 1: appear to have their origins in seven century a d Persia,
Speaker 1: shortly after the use of sugar became relatively common in
Speaker 1: the region. They spread to Europe through the Muslim conquest
Speaker 1: of seas. By the fourteenth century, they were common in
Speaker 1: all levels of society throughout Europe, from royal cuisine to
Speaker 1: street vendors. The first documented instance of the figure shaped
Speaker 1: gingerbread man was at the court of Elizabeth the First
Speaker 1: of England in the sixteenth century. She had the gingerbread
Speaker 1: figures made and presented in the likeness of some of
Speaker 1: her important guests. With global travel becoming widespread at that time,
Speaker 1: cookies made a natural travel companion, a modernized equivalent of
Speaker 1: the travel cakes used throughout history. One of the most
Speaker 1: popular early cookies, which traveled especially well and became known
Speaker 1: on every continent by similar names, was the jimbal, relatively
Speaker 1: hard cookie made largely from nuts, sweetener, and water. Cookies
Speaker 1: came to America through the Dutch. In New Amsterdam in
Speaker 1: the late sixteen twenties, the Dutch word cookia was anglicized
Speaker 1: to cookie. The earliest reference to cookies in America is
Speaker 1: in seventeen oh three, when the Dutch in New York
Speaker 1: provided in seventeen oh three at a funeral eight hundred cookies.
Speaker 1: The modern form of cookies, which is based on creaming
Speaker 1: butter and sugar together, did not appear commonly until the
Speaker 1: eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution in Britain and the consumers
Speaker 1: that created saw cookies biscuits become products for them. The
Speaker 1: masses and firms such as Huntley and Palmers formed in
Speaker 1: eighteen twenty two, Mcvittie's formed in eighteen thirty and Cars
Speaker 1: formed in eighteen thirty one were all established. The decorative
Speaker 1: biscuit tin, invented by Huntley and Palmers in eighteen thirty one,
Speaker 1: saw British cookies exported around the world. In eighteen ninety one,
Speaker 1: Cadbury filed a patent for a chocolate coated cookie. Cookies
Speaker 1: are broadly classified according to how they are formed or made,
Speaker 1: including at least these categories. Bar cookies consist of batter
Speaker 1: or other ingredients that are poured or pressed into a pan,
Speaker 1: sometimes in multiple layers, cut into cookies sized pieces after baking.
Speaker 1: In British English, bar cookies are known as tray bakes.
Speaker 1: Examples include brownies, fruit squares, and bars such as date squares.
Speaker 1: Drop cookies are made from a relatively soft dough that
Speaker 1: is dropped by spoonfuls onto the baking sheet. During baking,
Speaker 1: the mounds of doughes spread and flatten. Chocolate chip cookies,
Speaker 1: pill house cookies, old meal raisin or other oatmeal based cookies,
Speaker 1: and rock kegs are popular examples of drop cookies. This
Speaker 1: may also include thumbprint cookies, for which a small central
Speaker 1: depression is created with a sum or small spoon baking
Speaker 1: to contain a filling such as jam or chocolate chip.
Speaker 1: In the UK, the term cookie often refers only to
Speaker 1: this particular type of product. Filled cookies are made from
Speaker 1: a rolled cookie dough filled with a fruit, jam, or
Speaker 1: confectionery filling before baking. Almonashan are a filled cookie. Molded
Speaker 1: cookies are also made from a stiffer dough that is
Speaker 1: molded into balls or cookie shapes by hand before baking.
Speaker 1: Snicker doodles and peanut butter cookies are examples of molded cookies.
Speaker 1: Some cookies, such as hermids or biscotti, are molded into large,
Speaker 1: flattened loaves that are later cut into smaller cookies. No
Speaker 1: baked cookies are made by mixing a filler such as
Speaker 1: cereal or nuts, into a melted confectionery binder, shaping into
Speaker 1: cookies or bars, and allowing to cool or harden. Oatmeal
Speaker 1: clusters and rumballs are no baked cookies. Pressed cookies are
Speaker 1: made from a soft dough that is extruded from a
Speaker 1: cookie press into various decorative shapes before baking. Spritz Quebec
Speaker 1: is an example of a pressed cookie. Refrigerator cookies, also
Speaker 1: known as ice box cookies, are made from a stiff
Speaker 1: dough that is refrigerated to make the raw dough even
Speaker 1: stiffer before cutting and baking. The dough is typically shaped
Speaker 1: into cylinders, which are sliced into round cookies before baking.
Speaker 1: Pinwheel cookies and those made by Pillsbury are representative. Rolled
Speaker 1: cookies are made from a stiffer dough that is rolled
Speaker 1: out and cut into shapes with a cookie cutter. Gingerbread
Speaker 1: men are an example. Sandwich cookies are rolled or pressed
Speaker 1: cookies that are assembled as a sandwich with a sweet filling.
Speaker 1: Fillings include marshmallow jam an icing. The Oreo cookie, made
Speaker 1: of two chocolate cookies with a vanilla icing filling, is
Speaker 1: an example. Other types of cookies are classified for other reasons,
Speaker 1: such as their ingredients, size, or intended time of serving.
Speaker 1: Breakfast cookies are typically larger, lower sugar cookies filled with
Speaker 1: heart healthy nuts and fiber rich oats that are eaten
Speaker 1: as a quick breakfast snack. Low fat cookies or diet
Speaker 1: cookies typically have lower fat than regular cookies. Raw cookie
Speaker 1: doughs served in some restaurants, though the eggs may be
Speaker 1: omitted since the dough is eaten raw, which could pose
Speaker 1: a semonilla risk if eggs were used. Cookie dough infections
Speaker 1: in New York City is a restaurant that has a
Speaker 1: range of raw cookie dough flavors, which are scooped into
Speaker 1: cubs for customers like ice cream. Skillet cookies are big
Speaker 1: cookies baked in a cast iron skillet and served warm.
Speaker 1: They are either eaten straight from the pan or cut
Speaker 1: into wedges, often with vanilla ice cream on top. Supersized
Speaker 1: cookies are large cookies, such as the Panera Kitchen Sink cookie.
Speaker 1: These very large cookies are sold at grocery stores, restaurants,
Speaker 1: and coffee shops. Vegan cookies can be made with flour, sugar,
Speaker 1: non dairy milk, and non dairy margarine aquafaba icing can
Speaker 1: be used to decorate the cookies. Cookie cakes are made
Speaker 1: in a larger circular shape, usually with writing made of frosting.
Speaker 1: Leah Etman from Nutrition Action has criticized the high calorie
Speaker 1: count and fat content of supersized cookies. She cites a
Speaker 1: Panera Kitchen sink cookie, a supersized chocolate chip cookie which
Speaker 1: measures five and a half inches in diameter and has
Speaker 1: eight hundred calories. For busy people who eat breakfast cookies
Speaker 1: in the morning, Kate Bratsker from The Huffington Post recommends
Speaker 1: lower sugar cookies filled with heart healthy nuts and fiber
Speaker 1: rich oads. A book on nutrition by Paul insel at
Speaker 1: All notes that low fat or diet cookies may have
Speaker 1: the same number of calories as regular cookies due to
Speaker 1: added sugar. There are a number of slang usages of
Speaker 1: the term cookie. The catch phrase that's the way the
Speaker 1: cookie crumbles, which means that's just the way things happen,
Speaker 1: is attested to Imprint in nineteen fifty five. Others slang
Speaker 1: terms include smart cookie and tough cookie. According to the
Speaker 1: Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms, a smart cookie is someone
Speaker 1: who is clever and good at dealing with difficult situations.
Speaker 1: The expression cookie cutter, in addition to referring literally to
Speaker 1: a culinary device used to cut rolled cookie dough into shapes,
Speaker 1: is also used metaphorically to refer to items or things
Speaker 1: having the same configuration or look as many others e g.
Speaker 1: A cookie cutter tracked house, or to label something as
Speaker 1: stereotyped or formulaic e g. An action movie filled with
Speaker 1: generic cookie cutter characters. Cookie duster is a whimsical expression
Speaker 1: for a mustache. Cookie Monster is a muppet on the
Speaker 1: children's television show Sesame Street. He is best known for
Speaker 1: his voracious appetite for cookies and his famous eating phrases
Speaker 1: such as me want cookie, Me eat cookie, or simply
Speaker 1: cookie and omnomnomna said through a mouthful of food. Cookie
Speaker 1: Clicker is a game where players click a cookie to
Speaker 1: buy upgrades to make more cookies. A fortune cookie is
Speaker 1: a crisp and sugary cookie wafer made from flour, sugar, vanilla,
Speaker 1: and sesameseed oil with a piece of paper inside a
Speaker 1: fortune an aphorism or a vague prophecy. The message inside
Speaker 1: may also include a Chinese phrase with translation, or a
Speaker 1: list of lucky numbers used as some as lottery numbers.
Speaker 1: Fortune cookies are often served as a dessert in Chinese
Speaker 1: restaurants in the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries,
Speaker 1: but they are not Chinese in origin. The exact origin
Speaker 1: of fortune cookies is unclear, though various immigrant groups in
Speaker 1: California claim to have popularized them in the early twentieth century.
Speaker 1: They most likely originated from cookies made by Japanese immigrants
Speaker 1: to the United States in the late nineteenth or early
Speaker 1: twentieth century. The Japanese version did not have the Chinese
Speaker 1: lucky numbers and were eaten with tea. There is no
Speaker 1: single accepted Chinese name for the cookies, with a large
Speaker 1: variety of translations being used to describe them in the
Speaker 1: Chinese all of which being more or less literal translations
Speaker 1: of the English fortune cookie. Examples include xinyung chianbing good
Speaker 1: luck lot cookie, chien yu being for chuine words, cookie
Speaker 1: ching yuan being good luck cookie, hing yung chian yu
Speaker 1: being lucky fortune words cookie hingyong tian being good luck
Speaker 1: sweet cookie, shing fu bingen good luck biscuit, or jum
Speaker 1: bubing divining cookie as far back as the nineteenth century,
Speaker 1: a cookie very similar in appearance to the modern fortune
Speaker 1: cookie was made in Kyoto, Japan, and there is a
Speaker 1: Japanese temple tradition of random fortunes called omi Kuji. The
Speaker 1: Japanese version of the cookie differs in several ways. They're
Speaker 1: a little bit larger or made of darker dough, and
Speaker 1: they're batter contained sesame and miso. They contain a fortune. However,
Speaker 1: the small slip of paper was wedged into the bend
Speaker 1: of the kokie rather than placed inside the halla portion.
Speaker 1: This kind of cookie is called tujiura senbe and is
Speaker 1: still sold in some regions of Japan, especially in Kanazawe, Ishikawa.
Speaker 1: It is also sold in the neighborhood of Fushimi Inari
Speaker 1: Taisha Shrine and Kyoto Makato. Hagiwara of Golden Gate Parks.
Speaker 1: Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco is reported to have
Speaker 1: been the first person in the U s to have
Speaker 1: served the modern version of the kokie when he did
Speaker 1: so at the Tea Garden in the early nineteen hundreds.
Speaker 1: The fortune cookies were made by a San Francisco bakery, Benqido.
Speaker 1: David Jung, founder of the Hong Kong Noodle Company in
Speaker 1: Los Angeles, made a competing claim that he invented the
Speaker 1: cookie in nineteen eighteen. San Francisco's Court of Historical Review
Speaker 1: attempted to settle the dispute in nineteen eighty three. During
Speaker 1: the proceedings, a fortune cookie was introduced as a piece
Speaker 1: of evidence. Was a message reading s f judge who
Speaker 1: rules for l a not very smart cookie. A federal
Speaker 1: judge of the Court of Historical Review from San Francisco
Speaker 1: themselves determined that the cookie originated from Hagiwara, and the
Speaker 1: court ruled in favor of San Francisco. The city of
Speaker 1: Los Angeles condemned the decision. Sei Chi Quito, the founder
Speaker 1: of Pugetsuto of Little Tokyo and Los Angeles, also claims
Speaker 1: to have invented the cookie. Quito claims to have gotten
Speaker 1: the idea of putting a message in a cookie from
Speaker 1: Omi Koji fortune slip, which are sold at temples and
Speaker 1: shrines in Japan. According to his story, he sold his
Speaker 1: cookies to Chinese restaurants, where they were greeted with much enthusiasm,
Speaker 1: and both the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas before
Speaker 1: spreading up to around World War Two, fortune cookies were
Speaker 1: known as fortune tea cakes, likely reflecting the origins in
Speaker 1: Japanese tea cakes. Fortune cookies before the early twentieth century
Speaker 1: were all made by hand. They are made from a
Speaker 1: simple batter of sugar, flour, water, and eggs. When heated,
Speaker 1: the dough stays flexible, allowing it to be shaped. As
Speaker 1: it cools, the sugar crystallizes, creating a crisp, glossy cookie. Traditionally,
Speaker 1: bakers would bake three inch circles of dough, insert a
Speaker 1: fortune while still warm, and use chopsticks to fold the
Speaker 1: cookies into its iconic shape before hardened. The fortune cookie
Speaker 1: industry changed dramatically after the fortune cookie machine was invented
Speaker 1: by Edward Lewis in the late nineteen sixties. The machine
Speaker 1: allowed for mass production of fortune cookies, which subsequent only
Speaker 1: allowed the cookies to drop in price to become the
Speaker 1: novelty and courtesy dessert many Americans are familiar with after
Speaker 1: their meals at most Chinese restaurants. Today, there are approximately
Speaker 1: three billion fortune cookies made each year globally, the majority
Speaker 1: of them consumed in the US. The largest manufacturer of
Speaker 1: the Cookies is Wankan Food Inc. Headquartered in Brooklyn, New York.
Speaker 1: They make over four point five million Fortune cookies per day.
Speaker 1: Other large manufacturers are Bailey International in the Midwest and
Speaker 1: Peking Noodle in Los Angeles. There are other smaller local
Speaker 1: manufacturers including Sioux Chiang Ko and Seattle, Kiefer Court Food
Speaker 1: in Minneapolis, Sunrise Fortune Cookie and Philadelphia, and Golden Gate
Speaker 1: Fortune Cookie Factory in San Francisco. Many smaller companies will
Speaker 1: also sell custom fortunes. Manufacturing processes vary, but they generally
Speaker 1: follow the same procedure. The ingredients, typically made with a
Speaker 1: base of flour, sugar, vanilla, and sesame seed oil, are
Speaker 1: mixed in a large tank esquirted on too fast moving trays.
Speaker 1: These function like a conveyor belt and are heated to
Speaker 1: cook the dough. Cookies are compressed with round hot plates
Speaker 1: to shape and cook them. The cookies bake for approximately
Speaker 1: one minute and are reshaped. They can be mechanically shaped
Speaker 1: or folded by hand. When automated, a machine folds the
Speaker 1: cookie into the correct orientation with the fortune inside. Cooled
Speaker 1: and hardened cookies are sealed in plastic wrappers, which are
Speaker 1: inspected before being shipped. Today, most cookies are produced in
Speaker 1: the United States. The message inside may include a list
Speaker 1: of lucky numbers, used by some as lottery numbers. Since
Speaker 1: relatively few distinct messages are printed, and the recorded case
Speaker 1: where winning numbers happen to be printed, the lottery had
Speaker 1: an unexpectedly high number of winners sharing a prize. Authorities
Speaker 1: briefly investigated want On Food in two thousand five after
Speaker 1: one one hundred and ten powerball lottery players won about
Speaker 1: nineteen million dollars after using the lucky numbers on the
Speaker 1: back of fortunes. Fortune cookies are sometimes used for special
Speaker 1: marketing promotions. For example, the film Kung Fu Panda THII
Speaker 1: was promoted by putting quotations from the protagonist of the
Speaker 1: film on fortune cookie slips. In nineteen eighty nine, fortune
Speaker 1: cookies were reportedly imported into Hong Kong and sold as
Speaker 1: genuine American fortune cookies. Wantan Food attempted to expand its
Speaker 1: fortune cookie business into China in nineteen ninety two, but
Speaker 1: gave up after fortune cookies were considered two American cookies
Speaker 1: from different manufacturers have different ingredients and nutritional content. One
Speaker 1: cookie typically contains around eighty to one hundred and thirty
Speaker 1: kilodules of food energy and five to seven grams of
Speaker 1: total carbohydrates. A cookie may have sugar varying from zero
Speaker 1: to three grams, between two to eight milligrams of sodium,
Speaker 1: and may have significant, compared to their size, amounts of
Speaker 1: iron or protein. The small size means they have little
Speaker 1: overall nutritional value. Fortune cookies, while largely an American item,
Speaker 1: have been served in Chinese restaurants in Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico,
Speaker 1: New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United
Speaker 1: Arab Emirates, among others. There are also multicultural versions of
Speaker 1: the fortune cookie. For instance, the Mexican version of the
Speaker 1: fortune cookie, called the Lucky Taco, is a red taco
Speaker 1: shaped cookie with a fortune inside the same company that
Speaker 1: makes the Lucky Taco also makes a Lucky canoi, inspired
Speaker 1: by Italian canolis.