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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Bedtime Astronomy. Explore the wonders of the cosmos

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<v Speaker 1>with our soothing Bedtime Astronomy podcast. Each episode offers a

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<v Speaker 1>gentle journey through the stars, planets, and beyond, perfect for

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<v Speaker 1>unwinding after a long day. Let's travel through the mysteries

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<v Speaker 1>of the universe as you drift off into a peaceful

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<v Speaker 1>slumber under the night sky Beyond Lania ka unveiling the

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<v Speaker 1>Milky Way's place in a greater cosmic web. The Milky Way,

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<v Speaker 1>the galaxy we call home, is more than just a

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<v Speaker 1>swirling collection of stars, gas, and dust. It is part

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<v Speaker 1>of a much grander cosmic structure. For a long time,

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<v Speaker 1>astronomers believed our galaxy resided in a region known as

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<v Speaker 1>the Lania Kaias Supercluster, a vast network of galaxies stretching

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<v Speaker 1>across thus hundreds of millions of light years. However, recent

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<v Speaker 1>research suggests that Lania KaiA might itself be a smaller

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<v Speaker 1>piece of an even larger structure, potentially opening up new

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<v Speaker 1>dimensions in our understanding of the universe. This newly discovered

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<v Speaker 1>region is known as the Shaply Concentration, a titanic basin

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<v Speaker 1>of attraction that has captured the attention of scientists trying

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<v Speaker 1>to map the true shape and scale of the cosmos.

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<v Speaker 1>If someone were to draw a cosmic address for the Earth,

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<v Speaker 1>they would begin with our planet, which is part of

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<v Speaker 1>the Solar System, nestled within the spiral arms of the

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<v Speaker 1>Milky Way galaxy. The Milky Way itself is a member

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<v Speaker 1>of the Local Group, a collection of nearby galaxies, and

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<v Speaker 1>this local group is part of the Virgo Cluster. The

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<v Speaker 1>Virgo Cluster, in turn, was desides within the much larger

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<v Speaker 1>Vergo Supercluster, which is itself a part of the colossal

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<v Speaker 1>Lania Kias Supercluster. It's a bit like nesting dolls, with

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<v Speaker 1>each layer of the universe fitting within a larger one,

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<v Speaker 1>and now astronomers are beginning to believe that Lania KaiA,

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<v Speaker 1>massive as it is, might be part of an even

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<v Speaker 1>larger structure, Bishaply Concentration. The Shaply concentration is a name

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<v Speaker 1>that may not sound familiar to many, but it represents

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<v Speaker 1>a region of space loaded with mass, a gravitational basin

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<v Speaker 1>of attraction that tugs on everything around it, including entire

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<v Speaker 1>clusters of galaxies. Discovered through deep sky surveys, this region

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<v Speaker 1>contains numerous galaxy clusters and groups, all dominated by gravity,

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<v Speaker 1>which attracts both visible galaxy and invisible dark matter. As

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<v Speaker 1>with any massive object, its gravitational pull influences the motions

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<v Speaker 1>of everything in its vicinity. The sheer scale of the

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<v Speaker 1>Shaply concentration places it among the greatest concentrations of matter

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<v Speaker 1>in the known universe. Astronomers are keen to learn more

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<v Speaker 1>about such cosmic basins, and they are working to map

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<v Speaker 1>them with greater precision. By understanding how these enormous gravitational

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<v Speaker 1>regions are distributed, researchers hope to develop a clearer picture

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<v Speaker 1>of the universe's largest structures. One such group of scientists,

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<v Speaker 1>led by our Brent Tully from the University of Hawaii,

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<v Speaker 1>has been at the forefront of this effort. Their work

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<v Speaker 1>has revealed that the universe is far from a random

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<v Speaker 1>scatter of galaxies, and instead it is a vast web

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<v Speaker 1>where galaxies lie along filamentous structures, clustering at nodes where

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<v Speaker 1>gravitational forces pull them together. Tully compares this cosmic arrangement

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<v Speaker 1>to watersheds on Earth, where water flows through basins and valleys. Similarly,

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<v Speaker 1>galaxies move within these cosmic basins of attraction directed by

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<v Speaker 1>gravity toward dense regions of mass like the Shaply concentration.

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<v Speaker 1>Tully's team, called Cosmic Flows, focuses on measuring the motions

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<v Speaker 1>of around fifty six thousand galaxies, studying their trajectories through space.

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<v Speaker 1>Their observations suggest that the cosmic web might be more

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<v Speaker 1>complex and interconnected than previously thought. While we have long

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<v Speaker 1>known that we reside in the Lania KaiOS supercluster, which

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<v Speaker 1>Spain and some five hundred million light years, the motions

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<v Speaker 1>of galaxies in our neighborhood hint at the presence of

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<v Speaker 1>a larger structure pulling everything toward it. This larger structure

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<v Speaker 1>could very well be the Shaply concentration, a massive attractor

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<v Speaker 1>that could be up to ten times the size of

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<v Speaker 1>Lania KaiA. In comparison, Bishaply concentration has roughly half the

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<v Speaker 1>volume of the Great Wall, a massive filament of galaxies

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<v Speaker 1>stretching across one point four billion light years. The largest

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<v Speaker 1>known structure in the universe. Bishaply concentration is no recent discovery.

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<v Speaker 1>It was first observed in the nineteen thirties by the

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<v Speaker 1>renowned astronomer Harlow Shapley, who noticed a peculiar cloud of

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<v Speaker 1>galaxies in the Constellations and Taurus. This cluster of galaxies

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<v Speaker 1>located in the direction of motion of our own local

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<v Speaker 1>group of galaxies, intrigued scientists who began to suspect it

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<v Speaker 1>might be influencing the movement of the Milky Way and

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<v Speaker 1>its neighboring galaxies. This suspicion is supported by recent surveys

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<v Speaker 1>that suggest our entire Verbo supercluster, along with the local

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<v Speaker 1>group and Milky Way, is moving toward the Shaply Concentration.

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<v Speaker 1>The gravitational pull of this distant region is, it seems,

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<v Speaker 1>shaping the cosmic flow in our corner of the universe.

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<v Speaker 1>Astronomers continue to explore this fascinating discovery, using surveys to

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<v Speaker 1>confirm the motion of galaxies toward the Shaply concentration. The

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<v Speaker 1>research conducted by Tully and his colleagues is part of

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<v Speaker 1>a broader effort to explore the ever expanding boundaries of

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<v Speaker 1>the universe and to understand how these massive structures came

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<v Speaker 1>to be. The gravitational forces that define cosmic basins of

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<v Speaker 1>attraction like the Shaply Concentration have been at work since

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<v Speaker 1>the dawn of the Universe. Thirteen point eight billion years ago,

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<v Speaker 1>in the aftermath of the Big Bang, the universe was

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<v Speaker 1>in a state of hot, dense chaos. As it expanded

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<v Speaker 1>and cooled, subtle fluctuations in the density of matter began

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<v Speaker 1>to take shape. These tiny variations would eventually become the

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<v Speaker 1>seeds of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the vast superclusters that

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<v Speaker 1>we observe today. The cosmic web that Tully and others

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<v Speaker 1>are mapping was woven from these early fluctuations. Over time,

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<v Speaker 1>gravity pulled galaxies together into clusters and superclusters, forming the

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<v Speaker 1>large scale structure of the universe. But Shapley concentration represents

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<v Speaker 1>one of the largest and most significant of these structures,

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<v Speaker 1>and its discovery could fundamentally reshape our understanding of the cosmos.

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<v Speaker 1>Current cosmological models, while successful in many respects, struggle to

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<v Speaker 1>explain the existence of such massive basins of attraction. As ESSM. Corkshee,

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<v Speaker 1>a member of Tully's team, pointed out, our cosmic surveys

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<v Speaker 1>may not yet be large enough to map the full

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<v Speaker 1>extent of these immense basins. In other words, we are

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<v Speaker 1>still peering at the universe through a limited lens, and

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<v Speaker 1>there is much more out there waiting to be discovered.

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<v Speaker 1>The sheer scale of these discoveries is mind boggling. In

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<v Speaker 1>addition to the shaply Concentration, other superclusters, such as the

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<v Speaker 1>Sloane Great Wall, have been revealed by galaxy redshift surveys

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<v Speaker 1>like the two DF Galaxy Redshift Survey. These surveys offer

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<v Speaker 1>a glimpse into the intricate tapestry of the universe's large

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<v Speaker 1>scale structure, revealing enormous walls, filaments, and voids that stretch

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<v Speaker 1>across billions of light years. These are the skeletons of

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<v Speaker 1>the universe, the framework upon which everything else is built,

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<v Speaker 1>and at the heart of it all is gravity, the

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<v Speaker 1>fundamental force that governs the behavior of galaxies, clusters, and

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<v Speaker 1>superclusters alike. Gravity is the engine driving the motion of

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<v Speaker 1>galaxies within cosmic basins of attraction. The more mass a

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<v Speaker 1>region has, the stronger its gravitational pull, and the more

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<v Speaker 1>it influences the motion of galaxies around it. Bishop Concentration,

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<v Speaker 1>with its immense mass, exerts a powerful gravitational force that

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<v Speaker 1>tugs on galaxies far and wide. By studying the motion

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<v Speaker 1>of galaxies, astronomers can map the extent of these basins

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<v Speaker 1>of attraction and determine how they are distributed throughout the universe.

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<v Speaker 1>To do this, Tully and his team rely on a

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<v Speaker 1>variety of measurements, including redshift surveys, which provide information about

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<v Speaker 1>the velocity of galaxies along our line of sight. They

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<v Speaker 1>also measure something called peculiar velocity, which refers to the

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<v Speaker 1>difference between a galaxy's actual velocity and the expected velocity

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<v Speaker 1>based on the expansion of the universe, known as the

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<v Speaker 1>Hubble flow. By combining these measurements, astronomers can build detailed

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<v Speaker 1>three D maps of the universe, charting the position and

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<v Speaker 1>motion of galaxies with incredible precision. These maps are not

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<v Speaker 1>just static images, they are dynamic representations of a universe

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<v Speaker 1>in motion. The galaxies within cosmic basins of attraction are

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<v Speaker 1>constantly moving, drawn together by the inexorable pull of gravity.

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<v Speaker 1>As Tully and as team refine their maps, they are

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<v Speaker 1>uncovering new insights into the distribution of matter in the universe,

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<v Speaker 1>including the elusive dark matter that makes up much of

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<v Speaker 1>the universe's mass. In the coming years, as more advanced

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<v Speaker 1>telescopes and surveys come online, our understanding of these colossal

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<v Speaker 1>structures will continue to grow. The discovery that the Milky

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<v Speaker 1>Way might be part of a larger structure than Lania

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<v Speaker 1>KaiA is just the beginning. As we peer deeper into

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<v Speaker 1>the cosmos, we may find that our universe is more

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<v Speaker 1>interconnected and more complex than we ever imagined. Bishoply concentration

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<v Speaker 1>and other basins of attraction are but pieces of a

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<v Speaker 1>grand cosmic puzzle, and it is up to the astronomers

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<v Speaker 1>of today and tomorrow to fit them together and reveal

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<v Speaker 1>the true shape of the universe we call home before

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<v Speaker 1>any will you to your home, s